Perceptions of risk factors for female gang involvement among African American and Hispanic women

Youth and Society

Volumn 32, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 303-336

  Walker Barnes, Chanequa J ^a   Mason, Craig A ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

^c Department of Biology   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 23044528488     PISSN: 0044118X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0044118X01032003002     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Adler, P., Ovando, C., & Hocevar, D. (1984). Familiar correlates of gang membership: An exploratory study of Mexican-American youth. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 6, 65-76.
2. Asbury, H. (1927). The gangs of New York. New York: Capricorn.
3. Bjerregaard, B., & Lizotte, A. J. (1995). Gun ownership and gang membership. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 86, 37-58.
4. Bowker, L. H., Gross, H. S., & Klein, M. W. (1980). Female participation in delinquent gang activities. Adolescence, 15, 509-519.
5. Bowker, L. H., & Klein, M. W. (1983). The etiology of female juvenile delinquency and gang membership: A test of psychological and social structural explanations. Adolescence, 18: 739-751.
6. Brown, W. K. (1977). Black female gangs in Philadelphia. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 21, 221-228.
7. Burris-Kitchen, D. (1997). Female gang participation: The role of African-American women in the informal drug economy and gang activities. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Meilen Press.
8. Bursik, R. J., Jr., & Grasmick, H. G. (1993). Neighborhoods and crime: The dimensions of effective community control. New York: Lexington Books.
9. Calabrese, R. L., & Noboa, J. (1995). The choice for gang membership by Mexican-American adolescents. High School Journal, 78, 226-235.
10. Calhoun, G., Jurgens, J., & Chen, F. (1993). The neophyte female delinquent: A review of the literature. Adolescence, 28, 461-471.
11. Campbell, A. (1990). Female participation in gangs. In C. R. Huff (Ed.), Gangs in America (pp. 163-182). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
12. Campbell, A. (1991). The girls in the gang (2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.
13. Chesney-Lind, M., Shelden, R. G., & Joe, K. A. (1996). Girls, delinquency, and gang membership. In C. R. Huff (Ed.), Gangs in America (2nd ed., pp. 185-204). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
14. Curry, G. D. (1998). Female gang involvement. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 35, 100-118.
15. Curry, G. D., & Spergel, I. A. (1992). Gang involvement and delinquency among Hispanic and African-American adolescent males. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 29, 273-291.
16. Dukes, R. L., Martinez, R. O., & Stein, J. A. (1997). Precursors and consequences of membership in youth gangs. Youth and Society, 29, 139-165.
17. Esbensen, F., & Huizinga, D. (1993). Gangs, drugs, and delinquency in a survey of urban youth. Criminology, 31, 565-589.
18. Friedman, C. J., Mann, F., & Friedman, A. S. (1975). A profile of juvenile street gang members. Adolescence, 10, 563-607.
19. Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women's development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
20. Goldstein, A. P. (1991). Delinquent gangs: A psychological perspective. Champaign, IL: Research Press.
21. Hagedorn, J. (1988). People and folks: Gangs, crime, and the underclass in a rustbelt city. Chicago: Lake View Press.
22. Harris, M. G. (1988). Cholas: Latino girls and gangs. New York: AMS.
23. Herrmann, D. S., McWhirter, J. J., & Sipsas-Herrmann, A. (1997). The relationship between dimensional self-concept and juvenile gang involvement: Implications for prevention, intervention, and court referred diversion programs. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 15, 181-194.
24. Hochhaus, C., & Sousa, F. (1988). Why children belong to gangs: A comparison of expectations and reality. High School Journal, 71, 74-77.
25. Horowitz, R. (1990). Sociological perspectives on gangs. In C. R. Huff (Ed.), Gangs in America (1st ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
26. Jankowski, M. S. (1991). Islands in the street: Gangs and American urban society. Berkeley, CA: University of California.
27. Joe, K. A., & Chesney-Lind, M. (1995). "Just every mother's angel": An analysis of gender and ethnic variations in youth gang membership. Gender & Society, 9, 408-431.
28. Klein, M. W. (1995). The American street gang: Its nature, prevalence, and control. New York: Oxford University Press.
29. Lyon, J., Henggeler, S., & Hall, J. A. (1992). The family relations, peer relations, and criminal activities of Caucasian and Hispanic-American gang members. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 20, 439-449.
30. McConnell, E. H. (1994). High school students: An assessment of their knowledge of gangs. Youth and Society, 26, 256-276.
31. Miller, W. B. (1992). Crime by youth gangs and groups in the United States. Washington, DC: Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
32. Molidor, C. E. (1996). Female gang members: A profile of aggression and victimization. Social Work, 41, 251-257.
33. Moore, J. W. (1991). Going down to the barrio: Homeboys and homegirls in change. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
34. Moore, J. W., & Hagedorn, J. M. (1996). What happens to girls in the gang? In C. R. Huff (Ed.), Gangs in America (2nd ed., pp. 205-218). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
35. O'Hagan, F. J. (1976). Gang characteristics: An empirical survey. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 17, 305-314.
36. Padilla, F. (1993). The working gang. In S. Cummings & D. J. Monti (Eds.), Gangs: The origins and impact of contemporary youth gangs in the United States (pp. 173-192). Albany: State University of New York.
37. Shelden, R. G., Tracy, S. K., & Brown, W. B. (1997). Youth gangs in American society. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
38. Shulmire, S. R. (1996, August). A comparative study of gang-involved and other adolescent women. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
39. Sikes, G. (1997). 8 Ball Chicks: A year in the violent world of girl gangsters. New York: Anchor Books.
40. Spergel, I. A. (1964). Racketville. Slumtown, Haulburg: An exploratory study of delinquent subcultures. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
41. Spergel, I. A., & Curry, G. D. (1993). The national youth gang survey: A research and development process. In A. Goldstein & C. R. Huff (Eds.), Gang intervention handbook (pp. 359-400). Champaign-Urbana, IL: Research Press.
42. Taylor, C. S. (1990). Dangerous society. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.
43. Thrasher, F. M. (1963). The gang. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Original work published 1927)
44. U. S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (1997). 1995 national youth gang survey. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
45. U. S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (1998). Highlights of the 1996 national youth gang survey. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
46. Yablonsky, L. (1997). Gangsters: Fifty years of madness, drugs, and death on the streets of America. New York: New York University Press.