메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 558-575

African-American diversity in the boardrooms of the US fortune 500: Director presence, expertise and committee membership

Author keywords

Board of directors; Business ethics; Directors; United States

Indexed keywords


EID: 34547306706     PISSN: 09648410     EISSN: 14678683     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8683.2007.00588.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (29)

References (101)
  • 1
    • 84993869019 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of Social Context as Determinants of Black Women's Resistance to Challenges
    • Adams, K. (1983) Aspects of Social Context as Determinants of Black Women's Resistance to Challenges, Journal of Social Issues, 39, 69 78.
    • (1983) Journal of Social Issues , vol.39 , pp. 69-78
    • Adams, K.1
  • 2
    • 84965441526 scopus 로고
    • Minority women feel racism, sexism are blocking the path to management
    • 25 July
    • Alexander, K. L. (1990) Minority Women Feel Racism, Sexism are Blocking the Path to Management, Wall Street Journal, 25 July, B1.
    • (1990) Wall Street Journal
    • Alexander, K.L.1
  • 5
    • 0009249533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial Differences in Access to High-Paying Jobs and the Wage Gap between Black and White Women
    • Anderson, D. Shapiro, D. (1996) Racial Differences in Access to High-Paying Jobs and the Wage Gap between Black and White Women, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 49, 273 286.
    • (1996) Industrial and Labor Relations Review , vol.49 , pp. 273-286
    • Anderson, D.1    Shapiro, D.2
  • 6
    • 34547278631 scopus 로고
    • Black Corporate Directors in the United States
    • Anonymous
    • Anonymous (1994) Black Corporate Directors in the United States, Business and Society Review, 88, 53 61.
    • (1994) Business and Society Review , vol.88 , pp. 53-61
  • 7
    • 34547305530 scopus 로고
    • Meeting the challenge of managing cultural diversity
    • In. Roger A. Ritvo, Anne H. Litwin. Lee Butler (. eds). New York: Irwin Professional Publishing.
    • Baker, O. V. (1995) Meeting the challenge of managing cultural diversity. In Roger A. Ritvo, Anne H. Litwin Lee Butler (eds) Managing in the Age of Change: Essential Skills to Manage Today's Diverse Workforce. New York : Irwin Professional Publishing.
    • (1995) Managing in the Age of Change: Essential Skills to Manage Today's Diverse Workforce.
    • Baker, O.V.1
  • 8
    • 77958406983 scopus 로고
    • Corporate Governance and the Board of Directors: Performance Effects of Changes in Board Composition
    • Baysinger, B. D. Butler, H. N. (1985) Corporate Governance and the Board of Directors: Performance Effects of Changes in Board Composition, Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 1, 101 124.
    • (1985) Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization , vol.1 , pp. 101-124
    • Baysinger, B.D.1    Butler, H.N.2
  • 11
    • 21844526065 scopus 로고
    • Board Committee Membership: Effects of Sex-based Bias
    • Bilimoria, D. Piderit, S. K. (1994) Board Committee Membership: Effects of Sex-based Bias, Academy of Management Journal, 37, 1453 1477.
    • (1994) Academy of Management Journal , vol.37 , pp. 1453-1477
    • Bilimoria, D.1    Piderit, S.K.2
  • 15
    • 34547266352 scopus 로고
    • Black Directors in the Corporate Boardroom
    • Brimmer, A. (1995) Black Directors in the Corporate Boardroom, Black Enterprise, 16, 41.
    • (1995) Black Enterprise , vol.16 , pp. 41
    • Brimmer, A.1
  • 16
    • 0001975677 scopus 로고
    • Shareholders are Valuing Diversity
    • Browder, D. (1995) Shareholders are Valuing Diversity, Directors and Boards, 19, 12 15.
    • (1995) Directors and Boards , vol.19 , pp. 12-15
    • Browder, D.1
  • 17
    • 0242428870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Intersection of Gender and Race in the Labor Market
    • Browne, I. Misra, J. (2003) The Intersection of Gender and Race in the Labor Market, Annual Review of Sociology, 29, 487 513.
    • (2003) Annual Review of Sociology , vol.29 , pp. 487-513
    • Browne, I.1    Misra, J.2
  • 18
    • 84858087998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BSR Staff (.), 1-18.
    • BSR Staff (2004) Board Diversity (http://www.bsr.org/CSRResources/ IssueBriefDetail.cfm?DocumentID=443), 1-18.
    • (2004) Board Diversity
  • 19
    • 0141447528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women Board Directors: Characteristics of the Few
    • Burgess, Z. Tharenou, P. (2002) Women Board Directors: Characteristics of the Few, Journal of Business Ethics, 37, 39 49.
    • (2002) Journal of Business Ethics , vol.37 , pp. 39-49
    • Burgess, Z.1    Tharenou, P.2
  • 20
    • 0347878182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women Directors: Selection, Acceptance and Benefits of Board Membership
    • Burke, R. J. (1997) Women Directors: Selection, Acceptance and Benefits of Board Membership, Corporate Governance, 5, 118 125.
    • (1997) Corporate Governance , vol.5 , pp. 118-125
    • Burke, R.J.1
  • 21
    • 0037702356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Company size, board size and numbers of women corporate directors
    • In. Ronald J. Burke. Mary C. Mattis (. eds). The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    • Burke, R. J. (2000) Company size, board size and numbers of women corporate directors. In Ronald J. Burke Mary C. Mattis (eds) Women on Corporate Boards of Directors: International Challenges and Opportunities. The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    • (2000) Women on Corporate Boards of Directors: International Challenges and Opportunities.
    • Burke, R.J.1
  • 22
    • 34547264906 scopus 로고
    • African-American women and men in the workplace: Dismantling the glass ceiling
    • In. Roger A. Ritvo, Anne H. Litwin. Lee Butler (. eds). New York: Irwin Professional Publishing.
    • Butler, L. (1995) African-American women and men in the workplace: dismantling the glass ceiling. In Roger A. Ritvo, Anne H. Litwin Lee Butler (eds) Managing in the Age of Change: Essential Skills to Manage Today's Diverse Workforce. New York : Irwin Professional Publishing.
    • (1995) Managing in the Age of Change: Essential Skills to Manage Today's Diverse Workforce.
    • Butler, L.1
  • 23
    • 0039658576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Influence of Institutions on Corporate Governance through Private Negotiations: Evidence from TIAA-CREF
    • Carleton, W. T., Nelson, J. M. Weisbach, M. S. (1998) The Influence of Institutions on Corporate Governance through Private Negotiations: Evidence from TIAA-CREF, The Journal of Finance, 53, 1335 1362.
    • (1998) The Journal of Finance , vol.53 , pp. 1335-1362
    • Carleton, W.T.1    Nelson, J.M.2    Weisbach, M.S.3
  • 24
    • 84932126970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corporate Governance, Board Diversity and Firm Value
    • Carter, D. A., Simpkins, B. J. Simpson, W. G. (2003) Corporate Governance, Board Diversity and Firm Value, Financial Review, 38, 33 53.
    • (2003) Financial Review , vol.38 , pp. 33-53
    • Carter, D.A.1    Simpkins, B.J.2    Simpson, W.G.3
  • 28
    • 0031513886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feminist Theory and Sociology: Underutilized Contributions for Mainstream Theory
    • Chafetz, J. S. (1997) Feminist Theory and Sociology: Underutilized Contributions for Mainstream Theory, Annual Review of Sociology, 23, 97 120.
    • (1997) Annual Review of Sociology , vol.23 , pp. 97-120
    • Chafetz, J.S.1
  • 31
    • 84935413646 scopus 로고
    • The Marginalization of Black Executives
    • Collins, S. M. (1989) The Marginalization of Black Executives, Social Problems, 36, 317 331.
    • (1989) Social Problems , vol.36 , pp. 317-331
    • Collins, S.M.1
  • 33
    • 0009412338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black Mobility in White Corporations: Up the Corporate Ladder but Out on a Limb
    • Collins, S. M. (1997) Black Mobility in White Corporations: Up the Corporate Ladder but Out on a Limb, Social Problems, 44, 55 67.
    • (1997) Social Problems , vol.44 , pp. 55-67
    • Collins, S.M.1
  • 35
    • 84858091735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Committee on Corporate Laws (. 3rd edn. American Bar Foundation. (.).
    • Committee on Corporate Laws (2003) Model Business Corporation Act, 3rd edn. American Bar Foundation. (http://www.abanet.org/buslaw/library/ onlinepublications/mbca2002.pdf).
    • (2003)
  • 37
    • 4244179331 scopus 로고
    • A summary of small-group discussions on the advancement of minority managers: Perspectives of academics and experienced managers
    • In. Nancy DiTomaso. Donna E. Thompson (. eds). New York: Plenum Press.
    • DiTomaso, N. Thompson, D. E. (1988) A summary of small-group discussions on the advancement of minority managers: perspectives of academics and experienced managers. In Nancy DiTomaso Donna E. Thompson (eds) Ensuring Minority Success in Corporate Management. New York : Plenum Press.
    • (1988) Ensuring Minority Success in Corporate Management.
    • Ditomaso, N.1    Thompson, D.E.2
  • 38
    • 33947400254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crony Baloney
    • Dogar, R. (1997) Crony Baloney, Working Woman, 22, 34 38.
    • (1997) Working Woman , vol.22 , pp. 34-38
    • Dogar, R.1
  • 41
    • 0040311620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing the Rules of the Board Game
    • Ettore, B. (1996) Changing the Rules of the Board Game, Management Review, 85, 13 17.
    • (1996) Management Review , vol.85 , pp. 13-17
    • Ettore, B.1
  • 44
    • 0040666987 scopus 로고
    • Racism and sexism in corporate America: Still not color- or gender-blind in the 1980s
    • In. Donna E. Thompson. Nancy DiTomaso (. eds). New York: Plenum Press.
    • Fernandez, J. P. (1988a) Racism and sexism in corporate America: still not color- or gender-blind in the 1980s. In Donna E. Thompson Nancy DiTomaso (eds) Ensuring Minority Success in Corporate America. New York : Plenum Press.
    • (1988) Ensuring Minority Success in Corporate America.
    • Fernandez, J.P.1
  • 46
    • 0141437602 scopus 로고
    • Minority and nonminority MBA progress in business
    • In. Nancy DiTomaso. Donna E. Thompson (. eds). New York: Plenum Press.
    • Ford, D. L. (1988) Minority and nonminority MBA progress in business. In Nancy DiTomaso Donna E. Thompson (eds) Ensuring Minority Success in Corporate Management. New York : Plenum Press.
    • (1988) Ensuring Minority Success in Corporate Management.
    • Ford, D.L.1
  • 47
    • 0000196503 scopus 로고
    • Contrasting Corporate Profiles: Women and Minority Representation in Top Management Positions
    • Fryxell, G. E. Lerner, L. D. (1989) Contrasting Corporate Profiles: Women and Minority Representation in Top Management Positions, Journal of Business Ethics, 8, 341 352.
    • (1989) Journal of Business Ethics , vol.8 , pp. 341-352
    • Fryxell, G.E.1    Lerner, L.D.2
  • 48
    • 4243089507 scopus 로고
    • Diversity: Beyond the numbers game
    • August 14
    • Galen, M. (1995) Diversity: Beyond the Numbers Game, Business Week, 3437 (August 14 60 61.
    • (1995) Business Week , vol.3437 , pp. 60-61
    • Galen, M.1
  • 49
    • 0141447480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leveling the Playing Field for Women of Color in Corporate Management: Is the Business Case Enough?
    • Giscombe, K. Mattis, M. C. (2002) Leveling the Playing Field for Women of Color in Corporate Management: Is the Business Case Enough? Journal of Business Ethics, 37, 103 119.
    • (2002) Journal of Business Ethics , vol.37 , pp. 103-119
    • Giscombe, K.1    Mattis, M.C.2
  • 50
    • 0347234391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breaking the Color Barrier
    • S10.
    • Giscombe, K. Sims, A. D. (1998) Breaking the Color Barrier, HR Focus, 75, S9 S10.
    • (1998) HR Focus , vol.75
    • Giscombe, K.1    Sims, A.D.2
  • 51
    • 0002708089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The social construction and institutionalization of gender and race: An integrative framework
    • In. M. Marx Ferree, J. Lorber. B. B. Hess (. eds). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
    • Glenn, E. N. (1999) The social construction and institutionalization of gender and race: an integrative framework. In M. Marx Ferree, J. Lorber B. B. Hess (eds) Revisioning Gender. Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications.
    • (1999) Revisioning Gender.
    • Glenn, E.N.1
  • 52
    • 0002825889 scopus 로고
    • Effects of Race on Organization Experiences, Job Performance Evaluations, and Career Outcomes
    • Greenhaus, J. H., Parasuraman, S. Wormley, W. M. (1990) Effects of Race on Organization Experiences, Job Performance Evaluations, and Career Outcomes, Academy of Management Journal, 33, 64 86.
    • (1990) Academy of Management Journal , vol.33 , pp. 64-86
    • Greenhaus, J.H.1    Parasuraman, S.2    Wormley, W.M.3
  • 54
    • 0034147825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Resource Dependence Role of Corporate Directors: Strategic Adaptation of Board Composition in Response to Environmental Change
    • Hillman, A. J., Cannella Jr., A. A. Paetzold, R. L. (2000) The Resource Dependence Role of Corporate Directors: Strategic Adaptation of Board Composition in Response to Environmental Change, Journal of Management Studies, 37, 235 255.
    • (2000) Journal of Management Studies , vol.37 , pp. 235-255
    • Hillman, A.J.1    Cannella Jr., A.A.2    Paetzold, R.L.3
  • 55
    • 0036900622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women and Racial Minorities in the Boardroom: How Do Directors Differ?
    • Hillman, A. J., Cannella Jr., A. A. Harris, I. C. (2002) Women and Racial Minorities in the Boardroom: How Do Directors Differ? Journal of Management, 28, 747 763.
    • (2002) Journal of Management , vol.28 , pp. 747-763
    • Hillman, A.J.1    Cannella Jr., A.A.2    Harris, I.C.3
  • 56
    • 34447574801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black and White Women Managers: Access to Opportunity
    • Hite, L. M. (2004) Black and White Women Managers: Access to Opportunity, Human Resource Development Quarterly, 15, 131 146.
    • (2004) Human Resource Development Quarterly , vol.15 , pp. 131-146
    • Hite, L.M.1
  • 57
    • 0002059518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leadership in and of Demographically Diverse Organizations
    • Hooijberg, R. DiTomaso, N. (1996) Leadership in and of Demographically Diverse Organizations, Leadership Quarterly, 7, 1 19.
    • (1996) Leadership Quarterly , vol.7 , pp. 1-19
    • Hooijberg, R.1    Ditomaso, N.2
  • 58
    • 3242794255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Multicultural Economy 2002: Minority Buying Power in the New Century
    • Humphreys, J. M. (2003) The Multicultural Economy 2002: Minority Buying Power in the New Century, Georgia Business and Economic Conditions, 62, 1 27.
    • (2003) Georgia Business and Economic Conditions , vol.62 , pp. 1-27
    • Humphreys, J.M.1
  • 59
    • 0029273397 scopus 로고
    • Race Differences in Job Performance and Career Success
    • Igbaria, M. Wormley, W. M. (1995) Race Differences in Job Performance and Career Success, Communications of the ACM, 38, 82 92.
    • (1995) Communications of the ACM , vol.38 , pp. 82-92
    • Igbaria, M.1    Wormley, W.M.2
  • 60
    • 0034364562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race-Related Differences in Promotions and Support: Underlying Effects of Human and Social Capital
    • James, E. H. (2000) Race-Related Differences in Promotions and Support: Underlying Effects of Human and Social Capital, Organization Science, 11, 493 508.
    • (2000) Organization Science , vol.11 , pp. 493-508
    • James, E.H.1
  • 61
    • 0001958752 scopus 로고
    • What It's Like to Be a Black Manager
    • Jones Jr., E. W. (1973) What It's Like to Be a Black Manager, Harvard Business Review, 51, 108 116.
    • (1973) Harvard Business Review , vol.51 , pp. 108-116
    • Jones Jr., E.W.1
  • 62
    • 0002350975 scopus 로고
    • Black Managers: The Dream Deferred
    • Jones Jr., E. W. (1986) Black Managers: The Dream Deferred, Harvard Business Review, 64, 84 93.
    • (1986) Harvard Business Review , vol.64 , pp. 84-93
    • Jones Jr., E.W.1
  • 63
    • 33645844721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive Committee: A Vestigial Appendage
    • Kenny, R. M. (2004) Executive Committee: A Vestigial Appendage, Directors and Boards, 28, 43 46.
    • (2004) Directors and Boards , vol.28 , pp. 43-46
    • Kenny, R.M.1
  • 64
    • 0001697340 scopus 로고
    • Directors Characteristics and Committee Membership: An Investigation of Type, Occupation, Tenure, and Gender
    • Kesner, I. F. (1988) Directors Characteristics and Committee Membership: An Investigation of Type, Occupation, Tenure, and Gender, Academy of Management Journal, 31, 66 84.
    • (1988) Academy of Management Journal , vol.31 , pp. 66-84
    • Kesner, I.F.1
  • 66
    • 0141447536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender Differences in Managerial Careers: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
    • Kirchmeyer, C. (2002) Gender Differences in Managerial Careers: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow, Journal of Business Ethics, 37, 5 24.
    • (2002) Journal of Business Ethics , vol.37 , pp. 5-24
    • Kirchmeyer, C.1
  • 67
    • 58149370767 scopus 로고
    • A Meta-Analysis of Ratee Race Effects in Performance Ratings
    • Kraiger, K. Ford, J. K. (1985) A Meta-Analysis of Ratee Race Effects in Performance Ratings, Journal of Applied Psychology, 70, 56 65.
    • (1985) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.70 , pp. 56-65
    • Kraiger, K.1    Ford, J.K.2
  • 68
    • 0347830848 scopus 로고
    • Black Executives: How They're Doing
    • 18 January
    • Leinster, C. (1988) Black Executives: How They're Doing, Fortune, 117 (18 January 109 120.
    • (1988) Fortune , vol.117 , pp. 109-120
    • Leinster, C.1
  • 70
    • 4243454361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition for minority directors heats up
    • 18 February B10
    • Lublin, J. S. (1997) Competition for Minority Directors Heats Up, Wall Street Journal, 18 February, B1, B10.
    • (1997) Wall Street Journal
    • Lublin, J.S.1
  • 71
    • 34547268616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disney Holders Press Bid for Board Independence
    • 13 October
    • Lublin, J. Orwall, B. (2004) Disney Holders Press Bid for Board Independence, Wall Street Journal, 13 October, B3.
    • (2004) Wall Street Journal
    • Lublin, J.1    Orwall, B.2
  • 72
    • 0037702289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women corporate directors in the United States
    • In. Ronald J. Burke. Mary C. Mattis (. eds). The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    • Mattis, M. C. (2000) Women corporate directors in the United States. In Ronald J. Burke Mary C. Mattis (eds) Women on Corporate Boards of Directors: International Challenges and Opportunities. The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    • (2000) Women on Corporate Boards of Directors: International Challenges and Opportunities.
    • Mattis, M.C.1
  • 73
    • 8644258536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wage Discrimination over the Life Course: A Comparison of Explanations
    • Maume Jr., D. J. (2004) Wage Discrimination over the Life Course: A Comparison of Explanations, Social Problems, 51, 505 527.
    • (2004) Social Problems , vol.51 , pp. 505-527
    • Maume Jr., D.J.1
  • 74
    • 33947410394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corporate Irresponsibility
    • Mitchell, L. E. (2002) Corporate Irresponsibility, Benefits Canada, 26, 23 25.
    • (2002) Benefits Canada , vol.26 , pp. 23-25
    • Mitchell, L.E.1
  • 77
    • 34247772673 scopus 로고
    • Gender Differences in the Upward Mobility of Black Managers: Double Whammy or Double Advantage?
    • Nkomo, S. M. Cox Jr., T. (1989) Gender Differences in the Upward Mobility of Black Managers: Double Whammy or Double Advantage? Sex Roles, 21, 825 839.
    • (1989) Sex Roles , vol.21 , pp. 825-839
    • Nkomo, S.M.1    Coxjr Jr., T.2
  • 78
    • 34547261719 scopus 로고
    • Top Black Corporate Directors
    • Norment, L. (1994) Top Black Corporate Directors, Ebony, 49, 36 43.
    • (1994) Ebony , vol.49 , pp. 36-43
    • Norment, L.1
  • 79
    • 34547288131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black Women on Corporate Boards
    • Norment, L. (2002) Black Women on Corporate Boards, Ebony, 57, 42 50.
    • (2002) Ebony , vol.57 , pp. 42-50
    • Norment, L.1
  • 82
    • 18844452364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do Outside Independent Directors Strengthen Corporate Boards?
    • Petra, S. T. (2005) Do Outside Independent Directors Strengthen Corporate Boards? Corporate Governance, 5, 55 64.
    • (2005) Corporate Governance , vol.5 , pp. 55-64
    • Petra, S.T.1
  • 83
    • 84982048371 scopus 로고
    • Size, Composition, and Function of Hospital Boards of Directors: A Study of Organization Environmental Linkage
    • Pfeffer, J. (1973) Size, Composition, and Function of Hospital Boards of Directors: A Study of Organization Environmental Linkage, Administrative Science Quarterly, 18, 349 364.
    • (1973) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.18 , pp. 349-364
    • Pfeffer, J.1
  • 86
    • 34547374322 scopus 로고
    • Adding Director to your Resume
    • Ray, P. (1995) Adding Director to your Resume, Management Review, 84, 49 51.
    • (1995) Management Review , vol.84 , pp. 49-51
    • Ray, P.1
  • 87
    • 0002087436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Now you see 'em, now you don't: Race, ethnicity and gender in labor market research
    • In. Irene Browne (. ed. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
    • Reskin, B. F. Charles, C. Z. (1999) Now you see 'em, now you don't: race, ethnicity and gender in labor market research. In Irene Browne (ed Latinas and African American Women at Work. New York : Russell Sage Foundation.
    • (1999) Latinas and African American Women at Work.
    • Reskin, B.F.1    Charles, C.Z.2
  • 88
    • 0033474057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What Corporate Boards have to do with Strategy: A Cognitive Perspective
    • Rindova, V. P. (1999) What Corporate Boards have to do with Strategy: A Cognitive Perspective, Journal of Management Studies, 36, 953 975.
    • (1999) Journal of Management Studies , vol.36 , pp. 953-975
    • Rindova, V.P.1
  • 91
    • 85012523233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Wall Street Project: What Does It Mean for You?
    • Smith, E. L. (1998) The Wall Street Project: What Does It Mean for You? Black Enterprise, 29, 110 116.
    • (1998) Black Enterprise , vol.29 , pp. 110-116
    • Smith, E.L.1
  • 92
    • 34547355811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supreme Court (., Grutter v. Bollinger et al., No. 02-241, 23 June 2003.
    • Supreme Court (2003) Supreme Court of the United States, Grutter v. Bollinger et al., No. 02-241, 23 June 2003.
    • (2003) Supreme Court of the United States
  • 93
    • 84986651385 scopus 로고
    • The Impact of Race on Managers' Experiences of Developmental Relationships (Mentoring and Sponsorship): An Intra-Organizational Study
    • Thomas, D. A. (1990) The Impact of Race on Managers' Experiences of Developmental Relationships (Mentoring and Sponsorship): An Intra-Organizational Study, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 11, 479 492.
    • (1990) Journal of Organizational Behavior , vol.11 , pp. 479-492
    • Thomas, D.A.1
  • 94
    • 0035316589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Truth about Mentoring Minorities: Race Matters
    • Thomas, D. A. (2001) The Truth about Mentoring Minorities: Race Matters, Harvard Business Review, 79, 98 107.
    • (2001) Harvard Business Review , vol.79 , pp. 98-107
    • Thomas, D.A.1
  • 97
    • 0037898988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Board Dynamics and the Influence of Professional Background, Gender and Ethnic Diversity of Directors
    • van der Walt, N. Ingley, C. (2003) Board Dynamics and the Influence of Professional Background, Gender and Ethnic Diversity of Directors, Corporate Governance: An International Review, 11, 218 234.
    • (2003) Corporate Governance: An International Review , vol.11 , pp. 218-234
    • Van Der Walt, N.1    Ingley, C.2
  • 98
    • 0034339130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How Experience and Network Ties Affect the Influence of Demographic Minorities on Corporate Boards
    • Westphal, J. D. Milton, L. P. (2000) How Experience and Network Ties Affect the Influence of Demographic Minorities on Corporate Boards, Administrative Science Quarterly, 45, 366 398.
    • (2000) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.45 , pp. 366-398
    • Westphal, J.D.1    Milton, L.P.2
  • 100
    • 20444414357 scopus 로고
    • Business and Race: Minorities Gain Seats in Fortune 1,000
    • 25 February
    • Wynter, L. E. (1994) Business and Race: Minorities Gain Seats in Fortune 1,000, Wall Street Journal, 25 February, B1.
    • (1994) Wall Street Journal
    • Wynter, L.E.1
  • 101
    • 3042812879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of Women and Men Corporate Inside Directors in the US
    • Zelechowski, D. D. Bilimoria, D. (2004) Characteristics of Women and Men Corporate Inside Directors in the US, Corporate Governance, 12, 337 342.
    • (2004) Corporate Governance , vol.12 , pp. 337-342
    • Zelechowski, D.D.1    Bilimoria, D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.