Novel genes differentially expressed in cortical regions during late neurogenesis

European Journal of Neuroscience

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 33-50

  Mühlfriedel, Sven ^a   Kirsch, Friederike ^a   Gruss, Peter ^a   Chowdhury, Kamal ^a   Stoykova, Anastassia ^a  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Arealization; Corticogenesis; Expression; Markers; Microarray; Mouse

Indexed keywords

AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN REGION; CINGULATE GYRUS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIENCEPHALON; EMBRYO; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HIPPOCAMPUS; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; MOTOR CORTEX; MOUSE; NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PRIMORDIUM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX; STEM CELL; VISUAL CORTEX;

ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CEREBRAL CORTEX; DATA INTERPRETATION, STATISTICAL; DNA; EPITHELIUM; FEMALE; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL; IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; MICE; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAY SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; PARIETAL LOBE; PREGNANCY; RNA; STEM CELLS;

EID: 34447130285     PISSN: 0953816X     EISSN: 14609568     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05639.x     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Allendorfer, K.L. Shatz, C.J. (1994) The subplate, a transient neocortical structure: its role in the development of connections between thalamus and cortex. Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 17, 185 218.
2. Arimatsu, Y., Miyamoto, M., Nihonmatsu, I., Hirata, K., Uratani, I., Hatanaka, Y. Takiguchi-Hayashi, K. (1992) Early regional specification for a molecular neuronal phenotype in the rat neocortex. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 89, 8879 8883.
3. Ashburner, M., Ball, C.A., Blake, J.A., Botstein, D., Butler, H., Cherry, J.M., Davis, A.P., Dolinski, K., Dwight, S.S., Eppig, J.T., Harris, M.A., Hill, D.P., Issel-Tarver, L., Kasarskis, A., Lewis, S., Matese, J.C., Richardson, J.E., Ringwald, M., Rubin, G.M. Sherlock, G. (2000) Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology. The Gene Ontology Consortium. Nat. Genet., 25, 25 29.
4. Assimacopoulos, S., Grove, E.A. Ragsdale, C.W. (2003) Identification of a Pax6-dependent epidermal growth factor family signaling source at the lateral edge of the embryonic cerebral cortex. J. Neurosci., 23, 6399 6403.
5. Bachler, M. Neubuser, A. (2001) Expression of members of the Fgf family and their receptors during midfacial development. Mech. Dev., 100, 313 316.
6. Barlow, C. Lockhart, D.J. (2002) DNA arrays and neurobiology - what's new and what's next? Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 12, 554 561.
7. Bayer, S.A. Altman, J. (1991) Neocortical Development. Raven Press, New York.
8. Beckler, A., Moskaluk, C.A., Zaika, A., Hampton, G.M., Powell, S.M., Frierson, H.F. Jr. El-Rifai, W. (2003) Overexpression of the 32-kilodalton dopamine and cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein in common adenocarcinomas. Cancer, 98, 1547 1551.
9. Bicknese, A.R., Sheppard, A.M., O'Leary, D.D. Pearlman, A.L. (1994) Thalamocortical axons extend along a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-enriched pathway coincident with the neocortical subplate and distinct from the efferent path. J. Neurosci., 14, 3500 3510.
10. Bishop, K.M., Goudreau, G. O'Leary, D.D.M. (2000) Regulation of area identity in the mammalian neocortex by Emx2 and Pax6. Science, 288, 344 349.
11. Bishop, K.M., Rubenstein, J.L. O'Leary, D.D. (2002) Distinct actions of Emx1, Emx2, and Pax6 in regulating the specification of areas in the developing neocortex. J. Neurosci., 22, 7627 7638.
12. Briscoe, J., Pierani, A., Jessell, T.M. Ericson, J. (2000) A homeodomain protein code specifies progenitor cell identity and neuronal fate in the ventral neural tube. Cell, 101, 435 445.
13. Britanova, O., Akopov, S., Lukynov, S., Gruss, P. Tarabykin, V. (2005) Novel transcription factor Satb2 interacts with matrix attachment region DNA elements in tissue-specific manner and demonstrates cell-type-dependent expression in the developing mouse CNS. Eur. J. Neurosci., 21, 658 668.
14. Castiglia, D., Scaturro, M., Nastasi, T., Cestelli, A. Di Liegro, I. (1996) PIPPin, a putative RNA-binding protein specifically expressed in the rat brain. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 218, 390 394.
15. Catalano, S.M., Robertson, R.T. Killackey, H.P. (1991) Early ingrowth of thalamocortical afferents to the neocortex of the prenatal rat. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 88, 2999 3003.
16. Catalano, S.M., Robertson, R.T. Killackey, H.P. (1996) Individual axon morphology and thalamocortical topography in developing rat somatosensory cortex. J. Comp. Neurol., 367, 36 53.
17. Caviness, V.S. Jr., Takahashi, T. Nowakowski, R.S. (1995) Numbers, time and neocortical neuronogenesis: a general development and evolutionary model. Trends Neurosci., 23, 379 383.
18. Caviness, V.S. Jr., Goto, T., Tarui, T., Takahashi, T., Bhide, P.G. Nowakowski, R.S. (2003) Cell output, cell cycle duration and neuronal specification: a model of integrated mechanisms of the neocortical proliferative process. Cereb. Cortex, 13, 592 608.
19. Cohen-Tanoudji, M., Babinet, C. Wassef, M. (1994) Early determination of a mouse somatosensory cortex marker. Nature, 368, 460 463.
20. Crossley, P.H., Martinez, S., Ohkubo, Y. Rubenstein, J.L.R. (2001) Coordinate expression of Fgf8, Otx2, Bmp4, and Shh in the rostral prosencephalon during development of the telencephalic and optic vesicles. Neuroscience, 108, 183 206.
21. De Carlos, J.A. O'Leary, D.D. (1992) Growth and targeting of subplate axons in establishment of major cortical pathways. J. Neurosci., 12, 1194 1211.
22. Dehay, C., Giroud, P., Berland, M., Smart, I. Kennedy, H. (1993) Modulation of the cell cycle contributes to the parcellation of the primate visual cortex. Nature, 366, 464 466.
23. Dehay, C., Savatier, P., Cortay, V. Kennedy, H. (2001) Cell-cycle kinetics of neocortical precursors are influenced by embryonic thalamic axons. J. Neurosci., 21, 201 214.
24. Donoghue, M.J. Rakic, P. (1999a) Molecular evidence for the early specification of presumptive functional domains in the embryonic primate cerebral cortex. J. Neurosci., 19, 5967 5979.
25. Donoghue, M.J. Rakic, P. (1999b) Molecular gradients and compartments in the embryonic primate cerebral cortex. Cereb. Cortex, 9, 586 600.
26. Evans, S.J., Choudary, P.V., Vawter, M.P., Li, J., Meador-Woodruff, J.H., Lopez, J.F., Burke, S.M., Thompson, R.C., Myers, R.M., Jones, E.G., Bunney, W.E., Watson, S.J. Akil, H. (2003) DNA microarray analysis of functionally discrete human brain regions reveals divergent transcriptional profiles. Neurobiol. Dis., 14, 240 250.
27. Ferri, R.T. Levitt, P. (1993) Cerebral cortical progenitors are fated to produce region-specific neuronal populations. Cereb. Cortex, 3, 187 198.
28. Ferri, R.T. Levitt, P. (1995) Regulation of regional differences in the differentiation of cerebral cortical neurons by EGF family-matrix interactions. Development, 121, 1151 1160.
29. Foster, G.A., Schultzberg, M., Hokfelt, T., Goldstein, M., Hemmings, H.C. Jr., Ouimet, C.C., Walaas, S.I. Greengard, P. (1987) Development of a dopamine- and cyclic adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP-32) in the prenatal rat central nervous system, and its relationship to the arrival of presumptive dopaminergic innervation. J. Neurosci., 7, 1994 2018.
30. Fukuchi-Shimogori, T. Grove, E.A. (2001) Neocortex patterning by the secreted signaling molecule FGF8. Science, 294, 1071 1074.
31. Fukuchi-Shimogori, T. Grove, E.A. (2003) Emx2 patterns the neocortex by regulating FGF positional signaling. Nat. Neurosci., 6, 825 831.
32. Funatsu, N., Inoue, T. Nakamura, S. (2004) Gene expression analysis of the late embryonic mouse cerebral cortex using DNA microarray: identification of several region- and layer-specific genes. Cereb. Cortex, 14, 1031 1044.
33. Galceran, J., Miyashita-Lin, E.M., Devaney, E., Rubenstein, J.L. Grosschedl, R. (2000) Hippocampus development and generation of dentate gyrus granule cells is regulated by LEF1. Development, 127, 469 482.
34. Garel, S., Yun, K., Grosschedl, R. Rubenstein, J.L. (2002) The early topography of thalamocortical projections is shifted in Ebf1 and Dlx1/2 mutant mice. Development, 129, 5621 5634.
35. Gillen, C., Gleichmann, M., Spreyer, P. Muller, H.W. (1995) Differentially expressed genes after peripheral nerve injury. J. Neurosci. Res., 42, 159 171.
36. Gimeno, L., Brulet, P. Martinez, S. (2003) Study of Fgf15 gene expression in developing mouse brain. Gene Expr. Patt., 3, 473 481.
37. Gitton, Y., Cohen-Tannoudji, M. Wassef, M. (1999) Specification of somatosensory area identity in cortical explants. J. Neurosci., 19, 4889 4898.
38. Grove, E.A., Tole, S., Limon, J., Yip, L. Ragsdale, C.W. (1998) The hem of the embryonic cerebral cortex is defined by the expression of multiple Wnt genes and is compromised in Gli3-deficient mice. Development, 125, 2315 2325.
39. Guillemot, F., Molnár, Z., Tarabykin, V. Stoykova, A. (2006) Molecular mechanisms of cortical differentiation. Eur. J. Neurosci., 23, 857 868.
40. Hamasaki, T., Leingartner, A., Ringstedt, T. O'Leary, D.D. (2004) EMX2 regulates sizes and positioning of the primary sensory and motor areas in neocortex by direct specification of cortical progenitors. Neuron, 43, 359 372.
41. Hanashima, C., Li, S.C., Shen, L., Lai, E. Fishell, G. (2004) Foxg1 suppresses early cortical cell fate. Science, 303, 56 59.
42. Herbert, J.M., Mishina, Y. McConnell, S.K. (2002) BMP signalling is required locally to pattern the dorsal telencephalic midline. Neuron, 35, 1029 1041.
43. Hiraiwa, M., Liu, J., Lu, A.G., Wang, C.Y., Misasi, R., Yamauchi, T., Hozumi, I., Inuzuka, T. O'Brien, J.S. (2003) Regulation of gene expression in response to brain injury: enhanced expression and alternative splicing of rat prosaposin (SGP-1) mRNA in injured brain. J. Neurotrauma, 20, 755 765.
44. Kostovic, I. Rakic, P. (1990) Developmental history of the transient subplate zone in the visual and somatosensory cortex of the macaque monkey and human brain. J. Comp. Neurol., 297, 441 470.
45. Lacy, S.F., Bonnemann, C.G., Buzney, E.A. Kunkel, L.M. (1999) Identification of FLRT1, FLRT2 and FLRT3: a novel family of transmembrane leucine-rich repeat proteins. Genomics, 62, 417 426.
46. Lee, C.H., Chinpaisal, C. Wei, L.N. (1998) Cloning and characterization of mouse RIP140, a corepressor for nuclear orphan receptor TR2. Mol. Cell Biol., 18, 6745 6755.
47. Liu, G., Loraine, A.E., Shigeta, R., Cline, M., Cheng, J., Valmeekam, V., Sun, S., Kulp, D. Siani-Rose, M.A. (2003) NetAffx: Affymetrix probesets and annotations. Nucl. Acids Res., 31, 82 86.
48. Lukazewicz, A., Savatier, P., Cortay, V., Giroud, P., Huissoud, C., Berland, M., Kennedy, H. Dehay, C. (2005) G1 phase regulation, area-specific cell cycle control and cytoarchitectonics in the primate cortex. Neuron, 47, 323 325.
49. Mallamaci, A. Stoykova, A. (2006) Gene networks controlling early cerebral cortex arealization. Eur. J. Neurosci., 23, 847 856.
50. Mallamaci, A., Iannone, R., Briata, P., Pintonello, L., Mercurio, S., Boncinelli, E. Corte, G. (1998) EMX2 protein in the developing mouse brain and olfactory area. Mech. Dev., 77, 165 172.
51. Mallamaci, A., Muzio, L., Chan, C.H., Parnavelas, J. Boncinelli, E. (2000) Area identity shifts in the early cerebral cortex of Emx2-/- mutant mice. Nat. Neurosci., 3, 679 686.
52. Mann, F., Zhukareva, V., Pimenta, A., Levitt, P. Boltz, J. (1998) Membrane-associated molecules guide limbic and nonlimbic thalamocortical projections. J. Neurosci., 18, 9409 9419.
53. Manzanares, M., Locascio, A. Nieto, M.A. (2001) The increasing complexity of the Snail gene superfamily in metazoan evolution. Trends Genet., 17, 178 181.
54. Marin-Padilla, M. (1978) Dual origin of the mammalian neocortex and evolution of the cortical plate. Anat. Embryol. (Berl.), 152, 109 126.
55. Maruoka, Y., Ohbayashi, N., Hoshikawa, M., Itoh, N., Hogan, B.L.M. Furuta, Y. (1998) Comparison of the expression of three highly related genes, Fgf8, Fgf17 and Fgf18, in the mouse embryo. Mech. Dev., 74, 175 177.
56. McConnell, S.K. (1988) Fates of visual cortical neurons in the ferret after isochronic and heterochronic transplantation. J. Neurosci., 8, 945 974.
57. McConnell, S.K. Kaznowski, C.E. (1991) Cell cycle dependence of laminar determination in developing neocortex. Science, 254, 282 285.
58. Medina, L., Legaz, I., Gonzalez, G., De Castro, F., Rubenstein, J.L. Puelles, L. (2004) Expression of Dbx1, Neurogenin 2, Semaphorin 5A, Cadherin 8, and Emx1 distinguish ventral and lateral pallial histogenetic divisions in the developing mouse claustroamygdaloid complex. J. Comp. Neurol., 474, 504 523.
59. Miyashita-Lin, E.M., Hevner, R., Wassarman, K.M., Martinez, S. Rubenstein, J.L. (1999) Early neocortical regionalization in the absence of thalamic innervation. Science, 285, 906 909.
60. Molnar, Z., Adams, R. Blakemore, C. (1998) Mechanisms underlying the early establishment of thalamocortical connections in the rat. J. Neurosci., 18, 5723 5745.
61. Monuki, E.S., Porter, F.D. Walsh, C.A. (2001) Patterning of the dorsal telencephalon and cerebral cortex by a roof plate-Lhx2 pathway. Neuron, 32, 591 604.
62. Moorman, A.F., Houweling, A.C., de Boer, P.A. Christoffels, V.M. (2001) Sensitive nonradioactive detection of mRNA in tissue sections: novel application of the whole-mount in situ hybridization protocol. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 49, 1 8.
63. Muhlfriedel, S., Kirsch, F., Gruss, P., Stoykova, A. Chowdhury, K. (2005) A roof plate-dependent enhancer controls the expression of Homeodomain only protein in the developing cerebral cortex. Dev. Biol., 283, 522 534.
64. Muzio, L. Mallamaci, A. (2005) Foxg1 confines Cajal-Retzius neurogenesis and hippocampal morphogenesis to the dorsomedial pallium. J. Neurosci., 25, 4435 4441.
65. Muzio, L., DiBenedetto, B., Stoykova, A., Boncinelli, E., Gruss, P. Mallamaci, A. (2002a) Emx2 and Pax6 control regionalization of the pre-neurogenic cortical primordium. J. Neurosci., 19, 877 885.
66. Muzio, L., DiBenedetto, B., Stoykova, A., Boncinelli, E., Gruss, P. Mallamaci, A. (2002b) Conversion of cerebral cortex into basal ganglia in Emx2-/- Pax6Sey/Sey double mutant mice. Nat. Neurosci., 5, 737 745.
67. Nakagawa, Y., Johnson, J.E. O'Leary, D.D. (1999) Graded and areal expression patterns of regulatory genes and cadherins in embryonic neocortex independent of thalamocortical input. J. Neurosci., 19, 10 877 10 885.
68. Nakakura, E.K., Watkins, D.N., Schuebel, K.E., Sriuranpong, V., Borges, M.W., Nelkin, B.D. Ball, D.W. (2001) Mammalian Scratch: a neural-specific Snail family transcriptional repressor. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 98, 4010 4015.
69. Nastasi, T., Scaturro, M., Bellafiore, M., Raimondi, L., Beccari, S., Cestelli, A. di Liegro, I. (1999) PIPPin is a brain-specific protein that contains a cold-shock domain and binds specifically to H1 degrees and H3.3 mRNAs. J. Biol. Chem., 274, 24 087 24 093.
70. Nieto, M., Monuki, E.S., Tang, H., Imitola, J., Haubst, N., Khoury, S.J., Cunningham, J., Gotz, M. Walsh, C.A. (2004) Expression of Cux-1 and Cux-2 in the subventricular zone and upper layers II-IV of the cerebral cortex. J. Comp. Neurol., 479, 168 180.
71. O'Flaherty, E. Kaye, J. (2003) TOX defines a conserved subfamily of HMG-box proteins. BMC Genomics, 4, 13.
72. Ogawa, M., Miyata, T., Nakajima, K., Yagyu, K., Seike, M., Ikenaka, K., Yamamoto, H. Mikoshiba, K. (1995) The reeler gene-associated antigen on Cajal-Retzius neurons is a crucial molecule for laminar organization of cortical neurons. Neuron, 14, 899 912.
73. O'Leary, D.D. (1989) Do cortical areas emerge from a protocortex? Trends Neurosci., 12, 400 406.
74. O'Leary, D.D. Wilkinson, D.G. (1999) Eph receptors and ephrins in neural development. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 9, 65 73.
75. O'Leary, D.D.M. Nakagawa, Y. (2002) Patterning centers, regulatory genes and extrinsic mechanisms controlling arealization of the neocortex. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 12, 14 25.
76. Perez, R.G. Lewis, R.M. (1992) Regional distribution of DARPP-32 (dopamine- and adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein of Mr = 32,000) mRNA in mouse brain. J. Comp. Neurol., 318, 304 315.
77. Pimenta, A.F., Reinoso, B.S. Levitt, P. (1996) Expression of the mRNAs encoding the limbic system-associated membrane protein (LAMP). II. Fetal rat brain. J. Comp. Neurol., 375, 289 302.
78. Polleux, F., Dehay, C., Moraillon, B. Kennedy, H. (1997) Regulation of neuroblast cell-cycle kinetics plays a crucial role in the generation of unique features of neocortical areas. J. Neurosci., 17, 7763 7783.
79. Polleux, F., Dehay, C., Goffinet, A. Kennedy, H. (2001) Pre- and post-mitotic events contribute to the progressive acquisition of area-specific connectional fate in the neocortex. Cereb. Cortex, 11, 1027 1039.
80. Porter, F.D., Drago, J., Xu, Y., Cheema, S.S., Wassif, C., Huang, S.P., Lee, E., Grinberg, A., Massalas, J.S., Bodine, D., Alt, F. Westphal, H. (1997) Lhx2, a LIM homeobox gene, is required for eye, forebrain, and definitive erythrocyte development. Development, 124, 2935 2944.
81. Rakic, P. (1988) Specification of cerebral cortical areas. Science, 241, 170 176.
82. Remedios, R., Subramanian, L. Tole, S. (2004) LIM genes parcellate the embryonic amygdala and regulate its development. J. Neurosci., 24, 6986 6990.
83. Robinson, M., Parson Perez, M.C., Tebar, L., Palmer, J., Patel, A., Marks, D., Sheasby, A., De Felipe, C., Coffin, R., Livesey, F.J. Hunt, S.P. (2004) FLRT3 is expressed in sensory neurons after peripheral nerve injury and regulate neurite outgrowth. Mol. Cell Neurosci., 27, 2001 2214.
84. Sansom, S.N., Hébert, J.M., Thammongkol, U., Smith, J., Nisbet, G., Surani, M.A., McConnell, S.K. Livesey, F.J. (2005) Genomic characterisation of a Fgf-regulated gradient-based neocortical protomap. Development, 132, 3947 3961.
85. Schlaggar, B.L. O'Leary, D.D. (1991) Potential of visual cortex to develop an array of functional units unique to somatosensory cortex. Science, 252, 1556 1560.
86. Shimamura, K. Rubenstein, J.L. (1997) Inductive interactions direct early regionalization of the mouse forebrain. Development, 124, 2709 2718.
87. Shimamura, K., Hartigan, D.J., Martinez, S., Puelles, L. Rubenstein, J.L. (1995) Longitudinal organization of the anterior neural plate and neural tube. Development, 121, 3923 3933.
88. Shimogori, T., Banuchi, V., Ng, H.Y., Strauss, J.B. Grove, E.A. (2004) Embryonic signaling centers expressing BMP, WNT and FGF proteins interact to pattern the cerebral cortex. Development, 131, 5639 5647.
89. Simeone, A., Gulisano, M., Acampora, D., Stornaiuolo, A., Rambaldi, M. Boncinelli, E. (1992) Two vertebrate genes related to Drosophila empty spiracles gene are expressed in embryonic cerebral cortex. EMBO J., 11, 2541 2550.
90. Steel, K.P., Davidson, D.R. Jackson, I.J. (1992) TRP-2/DT, a new early melanoblast marker, shows that steel growth factor (c-kit ligand) is a survival factor. Development, 115, 1111 1119.
91. Storm, E.E., Rubenstein, J.L. Martin, G.R. (2003) Dosage of FGF8 determines whether cell survival is positively or negatively regulated in the developing forebrain. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 100, 1757 1762.
92. Sur, M. Rubenstein, J.L. (2005) Patterning and plasticity of the cerebral cortex. Science, 310, 805 810.
93. Suzuki, S.C., Inoue, T., Kimura, Y., Tanaka, T. Takeichi, M. (1997) Neuronal circuits are subdivided by differential expression of type-II classic cadherins in postnatal mouse brains. Mol. Cell Neurosci., 9, 433 447.
94. Tarabykin, V., Stoykova, A., Usman, N. Gruss, P. (2001) Cortical upper layer neurons derive from the subventricular zone as indicated by Svet1 gene expression. Development, 128, 1983 1993.
95. Tole, S. Grove, E.A. (2001) Detailed field pattern is intrinsic to the embryonic mouse hippocampus early in neurogenesis. J. Neurosci., 21, 1580 1589.
96. Tole, S., Christian, C. Grove, E.A. (1997) Early specification and autonomous development of cortical fields in the mouse hippocampus. Development, 124, 4959 4970.
97. Tsuji, L., Yamashita, T., Kubo, T., Madura, T., Tanaka, H., Hosokawa, K. Tohyama, M. (2004) FLRT3, a cell surface molecule containing LRR repeats and a FNIII domain, promotes neurite outgrowth. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 313, 1086 1091.
98. Visel, A., Thaller, C. Eichele, G. (2004) GenePaint.org: An atlas of gene expression patterns in the mouse embryo. Nucl. Acids Res., 32, D552 D556.
99. Vyas, A., Saha, B., Lai, E. Tole, S. (2003) Paleocortex is specified in mice in which dorsal telencephalic patterning is severely disrupted. J. Comp. Neurol., 466, 545 553.
100. Walther, C. Gruss, P. (1991) Pax-6, a murine paired box gene, is expressed in the developing CNS. Development, 113, 1435 1449.
101. Wei, L.N., Hu, X., Chandra, D., Seto, E. Farooqui, M. (2000) Receptor-interacting protein 140 directly recruits histone deacetylases for gene silencing. J. Biol. Chem., 275, 40 782 40 787.
102. Wilkinson, B., Chen, J.Y., Han, P., Rufner, K.M., Goularte, O.D. Kaye, J. (2002) TOX: an HMG box protein implicated in the regulation of thymocyte selection. Nat. Immunol., 3, 272 280.
103. Zapala, M.A., Hovatta, I., Ellison, J.A., Wodicka, L., Del Rio, J.A., Tennant, R., Tynan, W., Broide, R.S., Helton, R., Stoveken, B.S., Winrow, C., Lockhart, D.J., Reilly, J.F., Young, W.G., Bloom, F.E. Barlow, C. (2005) Adult mouse brain gene expression patterns bear an embryologic imprint. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 102, 10 357 10 362.
104. Zhou, C., Tsai, S.Y. Tsai, M.J. (2001) COUP-TFI: an intrinsic factor for early regionalization of the neocortex. Genes Dev., 15, 2054 2059.
105. Zhou, X.H., Brandau, O., Feng, K., Oohashi, T., Ninomiya, Y., Rauch, U. Fässler, R. (2003) The murine Ten-m/Odz genes show distinct but overlapping expression patterns during development and in adult brain. Gene Exp. Patt., 3, 397 405.
106. Zimmer, C., Tiveron, M.C., Bodmer, R. Cremer, H. (2004) Dynamics of Cux2 expression suggests that an early pool of SVZ precursors is fated to become upper cortical layer neurons. Cereb. Cortex, 14, 1408 1420.