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In order to probe the possibility of using exaptulion in more detail and to test the effects of the other modifications to the original procedure, namely, enforced diversity and the use of allowed mutation matrices, an additional set of four generations was run. starting again from the original generation 1 population. Full details are given in the Supporting Information, but two features are worth noting here. First, when selection was based on the MN-BDE alone, there was a marginal deterioration in aggregate fitness as measured by the combined fitness parameter using MN-BDE plus the N; binding energy: gains in the first parameter were offset by deterioration in the second. Hence, the value of exaptation in improving the efficiency of QDGA procedures has not yet been demonstrated. Secondly, although the modified procedure gave nanogenes with a significantly improved aggregate fitness, careful examination of the ancestries of these nanogenes suggested that the improvements could be a r
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In order to probe the possibility of using exaptulion in more detail and to test the effects of the other modifications to the original procedure, namely, enforced diversity and the use of allowed mutation matrices, an additional set of four generations was run. starting again from the original generation 1 population. Full details are given in the Supporting Information, but two features are worth noting here. First, when selection was based on the MN-BDE alone, there was a marginal deterioration in aggregate fitness as measured by the combined fitness parameter using MN-BDE plus the N; binding energy: gains in the first parameter were offset by deterioration in the second. Hence, the value of exaptation in improving the efficiency of QDGA procedures has not yet been demonstrated. Secondly, although the modified procedure gave nanogenes with a significantly improved aggregate fitness, careful examination of the ancestries of these nanogenes suggested that the improvements could be a result of fortuitous random choices rather than the modifications to the procedure. Many more runs would be required in order to build up statistically valid view of the contributions from each modification.
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This point has not always been fully recognised in previous studies; for example, although the N2 cleavage step is more favourable for |W(NH2)3, than for [Mo(NH2)3, the initial N2 capture step is also significantly more exothermic for tungsten than for molybdenum. Estimation of the N2 binding energies of these complexes is complicated by the fact that DFT calculations on [M(NH2)3] species are very sensitive to the rotation of the NH2 ligands about the M-N bond axes, but the preferred rotation would be prohibited by the steric bulk of the N(tBu)(Ar) ligands in the experimental system. This has been allowed for in the present calculations by constraining all three NH2 groups to keep the same torsion angle with respect to the threefold axis of the [Mo(NH2)3] core, giving M-N2 binding energies of -13.3 and -21.5 kcal mol-1 fo
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