메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 211-228

Cholesterol and the cerebral circulation

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; Carotid artery; Cerebrovascular reactivity; Cholesterol; Intima media thickness; Lacunar infarcts; Leukoaraiosis; Microbleeds; Stroke; Transcranial Doppler; Ultrasound

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ASCORBIC ACID; ATORVASTATIN; CERIVASTATIN; CHOLESTEROL; COLESTIPOL; DYDROGESTERONE; ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; ESTRADIOL; EZETIMIBE; FIBRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; FOSINOPRIL; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HOMOCYSTEINE; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; MEVINOLIN; NICOTINIC ACID; NITRIC OXIDE; PLACEBO; PRAVASTATIN; PROBUCOL; ROSUVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN; TORCETRAPIB; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

EID: 34249297969     PISSN: 17460875     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/17460875.2.2.211     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (2)

References (132)
  • 1
    • 0014033078 scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol-phospholipid ratio in the prediction of coronary heart disease. The Framingham study
    • Thomas HE Jr, Kannel WB, Dawber TR, McNamara PM: Cholesterol-phospholipid ratio in the prediction of coronary heart disease. The Framingham study. N. Engl. J. Med. 274, 701-705 (1966).
    • (1966) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.274 , pp. 701-705
    • Thomas Jr, H.E.1    Kannel, W.B.2    Dawber, T.R.3    McNamara, P.M.4
  • 2
    • 0017628113 scopus 로고
    • 1913 men study - a longitudinal study of the development of stroke in a population
    • Adolfsson R, Svardsudd K, Tibblin G: 1913 men study - a longitudinal study of the development of stroke in a population. Scand. J. Soc. Med. Suppl. 14, 122-127 (1977).
    • (1977) Scand. J. Soc. Med. Suppl , vol.14 , pp. 122-127
    • Adolfsson, R.1    Svardsudd, K.2    Tibblin, G.3
  • 3
    • 0024519925 scopus 로고
    • Serum cholesterol levels and six-year mortality from stroke in 350,977 men screened for the multiple risk factor intervention trial
    • Iso H, Jacobs DR Jr, Wentworth D, Neaton JD, Cohen JD: Serum cholesterol levels and six-year mortality from stroke in 350,977 men screened for the multiple risk factor intervention trial. N. Engl. J. Med. 320, 904-910 (1989).
    • (1989) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.320 , pp. 904-910
    • Iso, H.1    Jacobs Jr, D.R.2    Wentworth, D.3    Neaton, J.D.4    Cohen, J.D.5
  • 5
    • 1542345696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. Effects of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin on stroke and other major vascular events in 20536 people with cerebrovascular disease or other high-risk conditions
    • Collins R, Armitage J, Parish S, Sleight P, Peto R: Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. Effects of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin on stroke and other major vascular events in 20536 people with cerebrovascular disease or other high-risk conditions. Lancet 363(9411), 757-767 (2004).
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , Issue.9411 , pp. 757-767
    • Collins, R.1    Armitage, J.2    Parish, S.3    Sleight, P.4    Peto, R.5
  • 6
    • 33746895436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) Investigators. High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack
    • Amarenco P, Bogousslavsky J, Callahan A 3rd et al.: Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) Investigators. High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack. N. Engl. J. Med. 355, 549-559 (2006).
    • (2006) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.355 , pp. 549-559
    • Amarenco, P.1    Bogousslavsky, J.2    Callahan 3rd, A.3
  • 8
    • 0001698201 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral circulation
    • Shepherd JT, Abbound FM Eds, American Physiological Society, Washington, DC, USA
    • Heistad DD, Kontos HA: Cerebral circulation. In: Handbook of Physiology. Shepherd JT, Abbound FM (Eds). American Physiological Society, Washington, DC, USA 137-182 (1983).
    • (1983) Handbook of Physiology , pp. 137-182
    • Heistad, D.D.1    Kontos, H.A.2
  • 9
    • 0036983823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intima media thickness as a surrogate marker for generalised atherosclerosis
    • Bots ML, Grobbee DE: Intima media thickness as a surrogate marker for generalised atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. 16, 341-351 (2002).
    • (2002) Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther , vol.16 , pp. 341-351
    • Bots, M.L.1    Grobbee, D.E.2
  • 10
    • 1442274803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive phenotypes of atherosclerosis: Similar windows but different views
    • Spence JD, Hegele RA: Noninvasive phenotypes of atherosclerosis: similar windows but different views. Stroke 35, 649-653 (2004).
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , pp. 649-653
    • Spence, J.D.1    Hegele, R.A.2
  • 11
    • 33646442929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of HDL cholesterol on preclinical carotid atherosclerosis in familial hypercholesterolemia
    • Junyent M, Cofan M, Nunez I, Gilabert R. Zambon D. Ros F.: Influence of HDL cholesterol on preclinical carotid atherosclerosis in familial hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 26, 1107-1113 (2006).
    • (2006) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol , vol.26 , pp. 1107-1113
    • Junyent, M.1    Cofan, M.2    Nunez, I.3    Gilabert, R.4    Zambon, D.5    Ros, F.6
  • 13
    • 0025904545 scopus 로고
    • Serum lipids and lipoproteins are less powerful predictors of extracranial carotid artery atherosclerosis than are cigarette smoking and hypertension
    • Homer D, Ingall TJ, Baker HL Jr, O'Fallon WM, Kottke BA, Whisnant JP: Serum lipids and lipoproteins are less powerful predictors of extracranial carotid artery atherosclerosis than are cigarette smoking and hypertension. Mayo Clin. Proc. 66, 259-267 (1991).
    • (1991) Mayo Clin. Proc , vol.66 , pp. 259-267
    • Homer, D.1    Ingall, T.J.2    Baker Jr, H.L.3    O'Fallon, W.M.4    Kottke, B.A.5    Whisnant, J.P.6
  • 14
    • 0024242248 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis and serum cholesterol levels in eastern Finland
    • Salonen R, Seppanen K, Rauramaa R, Salonen JT. Prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis and serum cholesterol levels in eastern Finland. Arteriosclerosis 8, 788-792 (1988).
    • (1988) Arteriosclerosis , vol.8 , pp. 788-792
    • Salonen, R.1    Seppanen, K.2    Rauramaa, R.3    Salonen, J.T.4
  • 16
    • 0030818784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cumulative effects of high cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, and cigarette smoking on carotid stenosis
    • Wilson PW, Hoeg JM, D'Agostino RB et al.: Cumulative effects of high cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, and cigarette smoking on carotid stenosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 337, 516-522 (1997).
    • (1997) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.337 , pp. 516-522
    • Wilson, P.W.1    Hoeg, J.M.2    D'Agostino, R.B.3
  • 17
    • 0028174806 scopus 로고
    • Associations of lipoprotein cholesterols, apolipoproteins A-I and B. and triglycerides with carotid atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
    • Sharrett AR, Patsch W. Sorlie PD, Heiss G, Bond MG, Davis CE: Associations of lipoprotein cholesterols, apolipoproteins A-I and B. and triglycerides with carotid atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Arteriosler. Thromb. 14, 1098-1104 (1994).
    • (1994) Arteriosler. Thromb , vol.14 , pp. 1098-1104
    • Sharrett, A.R.1    Patsch, W.2    Sorlie, P.D.3    Heiss, G.4    Bond, M.G.5    Davis, C.E.6
  • 18
    • 0030892151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of plasma phospholipid and cholesterol ester fatty acid composition to carotid artery intima - media thickness: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
    • Ma J, Folsom AR, Lewis L, Eckfeldt JH: Relation of plasma phospholipid and cholesterol ester fatty acid composition to carotid artery intima - media thickness: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Am. J. Clin. Nuir. 65, 551-559 (1997).
    • (1997) Am. J. Clin. Nuir , vol.65 , pp. 551-559
    • Ma, J.1    Folsom, A.R.2    Lewis, L.3    Eckfeldt, J.H.4
  • 19
    • 23044478172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are protective against plaque progression: A follow-up study of 1952 persons with carotid atherosclerosis. The Tromso study
    • Johnsen SH. Mathiesen EB. Fosse E et al.: Elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are protective against plaque progression: a follow-up study of 1952 persons with carotid atherosclerosis. The Tromso study. Circulation 112, 498-504 (2005).
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.112 , pp. 498-504
    • Johnsen, S.H.1    Mathiesen, E.B.2    Fosse, E.3
  • 20
    • 27644514574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of LDL cholesterol with carotid atherosclerosis in menopausal women affected by the metabolic syndrome
    • Montalcini T, Gorgone G, Federico D et al.: Association of LDL cholesterol with carotid atherosclerosis in menopausal women affected by the metabolic syndrome. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 15. 368-372 (2005).
    • (2005) Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis , vol.15 , pp. 368-372
    • Montalcini, T.1    Gorgone, G.2    Federico, D.3
  • 21
    • 31444444241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic syndrome amplifies the LDL-cholesterol associated increases in carotid atherosclerosis
    • Kawamoto R, Tomita H, Oka Y, Kodama A, Kamitani A: Metabolic syndrome amplifies the LDL-cholesterol associated increases in carotid atherosclerosis. Intern. Med. 44, 1232-1238 (2005).
    • (2005) Intern. Med , vol.44 , pp. 1232-1238
    • Kawamoto, R.1    Tomita, H.2    Oka, Y.3    Kodama, A.4    Kamitani, A.5
  • 22
    • 0030698385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol and carotid artery wall in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia: A controlled study by ultrasound
    • Virkola K. Pesonen E, Akerblom HK, Siimes MA: Cholesterol and carotid artery wall in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia: a controlled study by ultrasound. Acta Paediatr. 86, 1203-1207 (1997).
    • (1997) Acta Paediatr , vol.86 , pp. 1203-1207
    • Virkola, K.1    Pesonen, E.2    Akerblom, H.K.3    Siimes, M.A.4
  • 23
    • 0345354672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute infections in children are accompanied by oxidative modification of LDL and decrease of HDL cholesterol, and are followed by thickening of carotid intima-media
    • Liuba P, Persson J, Luoma J. Yla-Herttuala S, Pesonen E: Acute infections in children are accompanied by oxidative modification of LDL and decrease of HDL cholesterol, and are followed by thickening of carotid intima-media. Eur. Heart J. 24, 515-521 (2003).
    • (2003) Eur. Heart J , vol.24 , pp. 515-521
    • Liuba, P.1    Persson, J.2    Luoma, J.3    Yla-Herttuala, S.4    Pesonen, E.5
  • 24
    • 4444268858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum cholesterols have a more important role than triglycerides in determining intima - media thickness of the common carotid artery in subjects below 55 years of age
    • Magyar MT, Paragh G, Katona E et al.: Serum cholesterols have a more important role than triglycerides in determining intima - media thickness of the common carotid artery in subjects below 55 years of age. J. Ultrasound Med. 23, 1161-1169 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Ultrasound Med , vol.23 , pp. 1161-1169
    • Magyar, M.T.1    Paragh, G.2    Katona, E.3
  • 25
    • 33745770412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of hyperlipidemia in atherosclerotic plaque formation in the internal carotid artery
    • Kerenyi L, Mihalka L, Csiba L, Bacso H, Bereczki D: Role of hyperlipidemia in atherosclerotic plaque formation in the internal carotid artery. J. Clin. Ultrasound 34, 283-288 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Clin. Ultrasound , vol.34 , pp. 283-288
    • Kerenyi, L.1    Mihalka, L.2    Csiba, L.3    Bacso, H.4    Bereczki, D.5
  • 26
    • 11144242572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heritability of carotid artery atherosclerotic lesions: An ultrasound study in 154 families
    • Moskau S. Golla A, Grothe C, Boes M, Pohl C, Klockgether T: Heritability of carotid artery atherosclerotic lesions: an ultrasound study in 154 families. Stroke 36, 5-8 (2005).
    • (2005) Stroke , vol.36 , pp. 5-8
    • Moskau, S.1    Golla, A.2    Grothe, C.3    Boes, M.4    Pohl, C.5    Klockgether, T.6
  • 28
    • 0029850394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HindIII DNA polymorphism in the lipoprotein lipase gene and plasma lipid phenotypes and carotid artery atherosclerosis
    • Chen L, Patsch W, Boerwinkle E: HindIII DNA polymorphism in the lipoprotein lipase gene and plasma lipid phenotypes and carotid artery atherosclerosis. Hum. Genet. 98, 551-556 (1996).
    • (1996) Hum. Genet , vol.98 , pp. 551-556
    • Chen, L.1    Patsch, W.2    Boerwinkle, E.3
  • 29
    • 0034751741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leucine7 to proline7 polymorphism in the preproneuropeptide Y is associated with the progression of carotid atherosclerosis, blood pressure and serum lipids in Finnish men
    • Karvonen MK, Valkonen VP, Lakka TA et al.: Leucine7 to proline7 polymorphism in the preproneuropeptide Y is associated with the progression of carotid atherosclerosis, blood pressure and serum lipids in Finnish men. Atherosclerosis 159, 145-151 (2001).
    • (2001) Atherosclerosis , vol.159 , pp. 145-151
    • Karvonen, M.K.1    Valkonen, V.P.2    Lakka, T.A.3
  • 30
    • 0033956188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene polymorphisms are associated with carotid atherosclerosis in men
    • Kakko S, Tamminen M, Paivansalo M et al.: Cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene polymorphisms are associated with carotid atherosclerosis in men. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 30, 18-25 (2000).
    • (2000) Eur. J. Clin. Invest , vol.30 , pp. 18-25
    • Kakko, S.1    Tamminen, M.2    Paivansalo, M.3
  • 31
    • 0034946988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation at the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene in relation to plasma high density lipoproteins cholesterol levels and carotid intima-media thickness
    • Kakko S. Tamminen M, Palvansalo, M et al.: Variation at the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene in relation to plasma high density lipoproteins cholesterol levels and carotid intima-media thickness. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 31, 593-602 (2001).
    • (2001) Eur. J. Clin. Invest , vol.31 , pp. 593-602
    • Kakko, S.1    Tamminen, M.2    Palvansalo, M.3
  • 32
    • 8344248639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common promoter C516T polymorphism in the ApoB gene is an independent predictor of carotid atherosclerotic disease in subjects presenting a broad range of plasma cholesterol levels
    • Sposito AC, Gonbert S, Turpin G, Chapman MJ, Thillet J. Common promoter C516T polymorphism in the ApoB gene is an independent predictor of carotid atherosclerotic disease in subjects presenting a broad range of plasma cholesterol levels. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 24, 2192-2195 (2004).
    • (2004) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol , vol.24 , pp. 2192-2195
    • Sposito, A.C.1    Gonbert, S.2    Turpin, G.3    Chapman, M.J.4    Thillet, J.5
  • 33
    • 33845420482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Miller M, Rhyne J, Hong SH, Friel G, Dolinar C. Riley W: Do mutations causing low HDL-C promote increased carotid intima-media thickness? Clin. Chim. Acta 377, 273-275 (2007).
    • Miller M, Rhyne J, Hong SH, Friel G, Dolinar C. Riley W: Do mutations causing low HDL-C promote increased carotid intima-media thickness? Clin. Chim. Acta 377, 273-275 (2007).
  • 34
    • 34249316993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between two common polymorphisms in the ABCA1 gene and subclinical atherosclerosis: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
    • Epub ahead of print
    • Benton JL, Ding J, Tsai MY et al.: Associations between two common polymorphisms in the ABCA1 gene and subclinical atherosclerosis: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Atherosclerosis (2007) (Epub ahead of print).
    • (2007) Atherosclerosis
    • Benton, J.L.1    Ding, J.2    Tsai, M.Y.3
  • 35
    • 33748074100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apolipoprotein E polymorphisms predict low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and carotid artery wall thickness but not incident coronary heart disease in 12,491 ARIC study participants
    • Volcik KA, Barkley RA, Hutchinson RG et al.: Apolipoprotein E polymorphisms predict low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and carotid artery wall thickness but not incident coronary heart disease in 12,491 ARIC study participants. Am. J. Epidemiol. 164, 342-348 (2006).
    • (2006) Am. J. Epidemiol , vol.164 , pp. 342-348
    • Volcik, K.A.1    Barkley, R.A.2    Hutchinson, R.G.3
  • 36
    • 0034834120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are associated with echolucent carotid artery plaques: The Tromso study
    • Mathiesen EB, Bonaa KH, Joakimsen O: Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are associated with echolucent carotid artery plaques: the Tromso study Stroke 32, 1960-1965 (2001).
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 1960-1965
    • Mathiesen, E.B.1    Bonaa, K.H.2    Joakimsen, O.3
  • 37
    • 44049121228 scopus 로고
    • In vivo quantification of cholesterol content in human carotid arteries by quantitative gamma-camera imaging after injection of autologous low density lipoproteins (LDL)
    • Virgolini I, O'Grady J, Lupattelli G et al.: In vivo quantification of cholesterol content in human carotid arteries by quantitative gamma-camera imaging after injection of autologous low density lipoproteins (LDL). Int. J. Rad. Appl. Instrum B. 19, 245-250 (1992).
    • (1992) Int. J. Rad. Appl. Instrum B , vol.19 , pp. 245-250
    • Virgolini, I.1    O'Grady, J.2    Lupattelli, G.3
  • 38
    • 0031965554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of cholesterol reduction with fluvastatin on aortic compliance, coronary calcification and carotid intimal-medial thickness: A pilot study
    • Forbat SM, Naoumova RP, Sidhu PS et al.: The effect of cholesterol reduction with fluvastatin on aortic compliance, coronary calcification and carotid intimal-medial thickness: a pilot study. J. Cardiovasc. Risk 5, 1-10 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Cardiovasc. Risk , vol.5 , pp. 1-10
    • Forbat, S.M.1    Naoumova, R.P.2    Sidhu, P.S.3
  • 39
    • 33644669408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of cholesterol subfractions and carotid lipid core measured by MRI
    • Desai MY, Rodriguez A, Wasserman BA et al.: Association of cholesterol subfractions and carotid lipid core measured by MRI. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 25, E110-E111 (2005).
    • (2005) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol , vol.25
    • Desai, M.Y.1    Rodriguez, A.2    Wasserman, B.A.3
  • 40
    • 33749534329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 imaging identifies inflammatory activation of cells in atherosclerosis
    • Nahrendorf M, Jaffer FA, Kelly KA et al.: Noninvasive vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 imaging identifies inflammatory activation of cells in atherosclerosis. Circulation 114, 1504-1511 (2006).
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.114 , pp. 1504-1511
    • Nahrendorf, M.1    Jaffer, F.A.2    Kelly, K.A.3
  • 41
    • 33244481493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of cholesteryl esters in human carotid atherosclerosis by ex vivo image-guided proton MRS
    • Ruberg FL, Viereck J, Phinikaridou A, Qiao Y, Loscalzo J, Hamilton JA: Identification of cholesteryl esters in human carotid atherosclerosis by ex vivo image-guided proton MRS. J. Lipid Res. 47, 310-317 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Lipid Res , vol.47 , pp. 310-317
    • Ruberg, F.L.1    Viereck, J.2    Phinikaridou, A.3    Qiao, Y.4    Loscalzo, J.5    Hamilton, J.A.6
  • 42
    • 0041887219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between carotid atherosclerosis and erythrocyte membrane cholesterol oxidation products in Type 2 diabetic patients
    • Miwa S, Inouye M, Ohmura C, Mitsuhashi N, Onuma T, Kawamori R: Relationship between carotid atherosclerosis and erythrocyte membrane cholesterol oxidation products in Type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 61, 81-88 (2003).
    • (2003) Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract , vol.61 , pp. 81-88
    • Miwa, S.1    Inouye, M.2    Ohmura, C.3    Mitsuhashi, N.4    Onuma, T.5    Kawamori, R.6
  • 43
    • 28844457029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin cholesterol content identifies increased carotid intima-media thickness in asymptomatic adults
    • Tzou WS, Mays ME, Korcarz CE, Aeschlimann SE, Stein JH: Skin cholesterol content identifies increased carotid intima-media thickness in asymptomatic adults. Am. Heart J. 150, 1135-1139 (2005).
    • (2005) Am. Heart J , vol.150 , pp. 1135-1139
    • Tzou, W.S.1    Mays, M.E.2    Korcarz, C.E.3    Aeschlimann, S.E.4    Stein, J.H.5
  • 44
    • 0028020982 scopus 로고
    • Effect of lovastatin on early carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Progression Study (ACAPS) Research Group
    • Furberg CD, Adams HP Jr, Applegate WB et al.: Effect of lovastatin on early carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Progression Study (ACAPS) Research Group. Circulation 90, 1679-1687 (1994).
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , pp. 1679-1687
    • Furberg, C.D.1    Adams Jr, H.P.2    Applegate, W.B.3
  • 45
    • 0037109137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ARBITER: Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol: a randomized trial comparing the effects of atorvastatin and pravastatin on carotid intima medial thickness
    • Taylor AJ, Kent SM, Flaherty PJ, Coyle LC, Markwood TT, Vernalis MN: ARBITER: Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol: a randomized trial comparing the effects of atorvastatin and pravastatin on carotid intima medial thickness. Circulation 106, 2055-2060 (2002).
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 2055-2060
    • Taylor, A.J.1    Kent, S.M.2    Flaherty, P.J.3    Coyle, L.C.4    Markwood, T.T.5    Vernalis, M.N.6
  • 46
    • 10044281651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arterial biology for the investigation of the treatment effects of reducing cholesterol (ARBITER) 2: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of extended-release niacin on atherosclerosis progression in secondary prevention patients treated with statins
    • Taylor AJ, Sullenberger LE, Lee HJ, Lee JK, Grace KA: Arterial biology for the investigation of the treatment effects of reducing cholesterol (ARBITER) 2: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of extended-release niacin on atherosclerosis progression in secondary prevention patients treated with statins. Circulation 110, 3512-3517 (2004).
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , pp. 3512-3517
    • Taylor, A.J.1    Sullenberger, L.E.2    Lee, H.J.3    Lee, J.K.4    Grace, K.A.5
  • 47
    • 33751217682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of 24 months of combination statin and extended-release niacin on carotid intima-media thickness: ARBITER 3
    • Taylor AJ, Lee HJ, Sullenberger LE: The effect of 24 months of combination statin and extended-release niacin on carotid intima-media thickness: ARBITER 3. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 22, 2243-2250 (2006).
    • (2006) Curr. Med. Res. Opin , vol.22 , pp. 2243-2250
    • Taylor, A.J.1    Lee, H.J.2    Sullenberger, L.E.3
  • 48
    • 0037465430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant Supplementation in Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. Six-year effect of combined vitamin C and E supplementation on atherosclerotic progression: The Antioxidant Supplementation in Atherosclerosis Prevention (ASAP) Study
    • Salonen RM, Nyyssonen K, Kaikkonen J et al.: Antioxidant Supplementation in Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. Six-year effect of combined vitamin C and E supplementation on atherosclerotic progression: the Antioxidant Supplementation in Atherosclerosis Prevention (ASAP) Study. Circulation 107, 947-953 (2003).
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , pp. 947-953
    • Salonen, R.M.1    Nyyssonen, K.2    Kaikkonen, J.3
  • 49
    • 0035941786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of aggressive versus conventional lipid lowering on atherosclerosis progression in familial hypercholesterolaemia (ASAP): A prospective, randomised, double-blind trial
    • Smilde TJ, van Wissen S, Wollersheim H, Trip MD, Kastelein JJ, Stalenhoef AF: Effect of aggressive versus conventional lipid lowering on atherosclerosis progression in familial hypercholesterolaemia (ASAP): a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet 357 (9256), 577-581 (2001).
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , Issue.9256 , pp. 577-581
    • Smilde, T.J.1    van Wissen, S.2    Wollersheim, H.3    Trip, M.D.4    Kastelein, J.J.5    Stalenhoef, A.F.6
  • 50
    • 8244249463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pravastatin reduces carotid intima-media thickness progression in an asymptomatic hypercholesterolemic mediterranean population: The Carotid Atherosclerosis Italian Ultrasound Study
    • Mercuri M, Bond MG, Sirtori CR et al.: Pravastatin reduces carotid intima-media thickness progression in an asymptomatic hypercholesterolemic mediterranean population: the Carotid Atherosclerosis Italian Ultrasound Study. Am. J. Med. 101, 627-346 (1996).
    • (1996) Am. J. Med , vol.101 , pp. 627-346
    • Mercuri, M.1    Bond, M.G.2    Sirtori, C.R.3
  • 51
    • 1042299800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CASHMERE investigators. Rationale, design and methods of the CASHMERE study
    • Simon T, Boutouyrie P, Gompel A et al.: CASHMERE investigators. Rationale, design and methods of the CASHMERE study. Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol. 18, 131-138 (2004).
    • (2004) Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol , vol.18 , pp. 131-138
    • Simon, T.1    Boutouyrie, P.2    Gompel, A.3
  • 52
    • 0029834704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of supplementary antioxidant vitamin intake on carotid arterial wall intima-media thickness in a controlled clinical trial of cholesterol
    • Azen SP, Qian D, Mack WJ et al.: Effect of supplementary antioxidant vitamin intake on carotid arterial wall intima-media thickness in a controlled clinical trial of cholesterol. Circulation 94, 2369-2372 (1996).
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.94 , pp. 2369-2372
    • Azen, S.P.1    Qian, D.2    Mack, W.J.3
  • 53
    • 14844326659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of ezetimibe plus simvastatin versus simvastatin monotherapy on atherosclerosis progression in familial hypercholesterolemia. Design and rationale of the Ezetimibe and Simvastatin in Hypercholesterolemia Enhances Atherosclerosis Regression (ENHANCE) trial
    • Kastelein JJ, Sager PT, de Groot E, Veltri E: Comparison of ezetimibe plus simvastatin versus simvastatin monotherapy on atherosclerosis progression in familial hypercholesterolemia. Design and rationale of the Ezetimibe and Simvastatin in Hypercholesterolemia Enhances Atherosclerosis Regression (ENHANCE) trial. Am. Heart J. 149, 234-239 (2005).
    • (2005) Am. Heart J , vol.149 , pp. 234-239
    • Kastelein, J.J.1    Sager, P.T.2    de Groot, E.3    Veltri, E.4
  • 54
    • 0037138578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of probucol and pravastatin on common carotid atherosclerosis in patients with asymptomatic hypercholesterolemia. Fukuoka Atherosclerosis Trial (FAST)
    • Sawayama Y, Shimizu C, Maeda N et al.: Effects of probucol and pravastatin on common carotid atherosclerosis in patients with asymptomatic hypercholesterolemia. Fukuoka Atherosclerosis Trial (FAST). J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 39, 610-661 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol , vol.39 , pp. 610-661
    • Sawayama, Y.1    Shimizu, C.2    Maeda, N.3
  • 55
    • 0032510658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of lowering average of below-average cholesterol levels on the progression of carotid atherosclerosis: Results of the LIPID Atherosclerosis Substudy. LIPID Trial Research Group
    • MacMahon S, Sharpe N, Gamble G et al.: Effects of lowering average of below-average cholesterol levels on the progression of carotid atherosclerosis: results of the LIPID Atherosclerosis Substudy. LIPID Trial Research Group. Circulation 97, 1784-1790 (1998).
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.97 , pp. 1784-1790
    • MacMahon, S.1    Sharpe, N.2    Gamble, G.3
  • 56
    • 0030935559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intermediate-density lipoproteins and progression of carotid arterial wall intima-media thickness
    • Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Dunn M et al.: Intermediate-density lipoproteins and progression of carotid arterial wall intima-media thickness. Circulation 95, 2022-2026 (1997).
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.95 , pp. 2022-2026
    • Hodis, H.N.1    Mack, W.J.2    Dunn, M.3
  • 57
    • 2542592150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring effects on intima-media thickness: An Evalution Of Rosuvastatin study group. Measuring Effects on intima-media Thickness: an Evaluation Of Rosuvastatin in subclinical atherosclerosis - the rationale and methodology of the METEOR study
    • Crouse JR 3rd, Grobbee DE, O'Leary DH et al.: Measuring effects on intima-media thickness: an Evalution Of Rosuvastatin study group. Measuring Effects on intima-media Thickness: an Evaluation Of Rosuvastatin in subclinical atherosclerosis - the rationale and methodology of the METEOR study. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. 18, 231-238 (2004).
    • (2004) Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther , vol.18 , pp. 231-238
    • Crouse 3rd, J.R.1    Grobbee, D.E.2    O'Leary, D.H.3
  • 58
    • 20844445787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PHYLLIS Investigators. Different effects of antihypertensive regimens based on fosinopril or hydrochlorothiazide with or without lipid lowering by pravastatin on progression of asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis: Principal results of PHYLLIS - a randomized double-blind trial
    • Zanchetti A, Crepaldi G, Bond MG et al.: PHYLLIS Investigators. Different effects of antihypertensive regimens based on fosinopril or hydrochlorothiazide with or without lipid lowering by pravastatin on progression of asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis: principal results of PHYLLIS - a randomized double-blind trial. Stroke 35, 2807-2812 (2004).
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , pp. 2807-2812
    • Zanchetti, A.1    Crepaldi, G.2    Bond, M.G.3
  • 59
    • 0026685906 scopus 로고
    • Pravastatin, lipids, and atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries: Design features of a clinical trial with carotid atherosclerosis outcome
    • Crouse JR, Byington RP, Bond MG et al.: Pravastatin, lipids, and atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries: design features of a clinical trial with carotid atherosclerosis outcome. Control. Clin. Trials 13, 495-506 (1992).
    • (1992) Control. Clin. Trials , vol.13 , pp. 495-506
    • Crouse, J.R.1    Byington, R.P.2    Bond, M.G.3
  • 61
    • 0030665788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotid atherosclerosis in men with low levels of HDL cholesterol
    • Wilt TJ, Rubins HB, Robins SJ et al.: Carotid atherosclerosis in men with low levels of HDL cholesterol. Stroke 28, 1919-1925 (1997).
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , pp. 1919-1925
    • Wilt, T.J.1    Rubins, H.B.2    Robins, S.J.3
  • 62
    • 0033867026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intima-media thickness after pravastatin stabilizes also in patients with moderate to no reduction in LDL-cholesterol levels: The Carotid Atherosclerosis Italian Ultrasound Study
    • Baldassarre D, Veglia F, Gobbi C et al.: Intima-media thickness after pravastatin stabilizes also in patients with moderate to no reduction in LDL-cholesterol levels: the Carotid Atherosclerosis Italian Ultrasound Study. Atherosclerosis 151, 575-583 (2000).
    • (2000) Atherosclerosis , vol.151 , pp. 575-583
    • Baldassarre, D.1    Veglia, F.2    Gobbi, C.3
  • 63
    • 0346964343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marked low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction below current national cholesterol education program targets provides the greatest reduction in carotid atherosclerosis
    • Kent SM, Coyle LC, Flaherty PJ, Markwood TT, Taylor AJ: Marked low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction below current national cholesterol education program targets provides the greatest reduction in carotid atherosclerosis. Clin. Cardiol. 27, 17-21 (2004).
    • (2004) Clin. Cardiol , vol.27 , pp. 17-21
    • Kent, S.M.1    Coyle, L.C.2    Flaherty, P.J.3    Markwood, T.T.4    Taylor, A.J.5
  • 64
    • 26944436268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of pravastatin on intima media thickness of the carotid artery in patients with normal cholesterol
    • Reid JA, Wolsley C. Lau LL et al.: The effect of pravastatin on intima media thickness of the carotid artery in patients with normal cholesterol. Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 30, 464-468 (2005).
    • (2005) Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg , vol.30 , pp. 464-468
    • Reid, J.A.1    Wolsley, C.2    Lau, L.L.3
  • 65
    • 8644274097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of statin therapy on the progression of carotid atherosclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Kang S, Wu Y, Li X: Effects of statin therapy on the progression of carotid atherosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis 177, 433-442 (2004).
    • (2004) Atherosclerosis , vol.177 , pp. 433-442
    • Kang, S.1    Wu, Y.2    Li, X.3
  • 66
    • 0035730508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk Factor Intervention Study Group, Sweden. Multiple risk intervention trial in high risk hypertensive men: Comparison of ultrasound intima-media thickness and clinical outcome during 6 years of follow-up
    • Agewall S, Fagerberg B, Berglund G, Schmidt C, Wendelhag I, Wikstrand J: Risk Factor Intervention Study Group, Sweden. Multiple risk intervention trial in high risk hypertensive men: comparison of ultrasound intima-media thickness and clinical outcome during 6 years of follow-up. J. Intern. Med. 249, 305-314 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Intern. Med , vol.249 , pp. 305-314
    • Agewall, S.1    Fagerberg, B.2    Berglund, G.3    Schmidt, C.4    Wendelhag, I.5    Wikstrand, J.6
  • 67
    • 0033531215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group
    • O'Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmal RA, Manolio TA, Burke GL, Wolfson SK Jr: Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 340, 14-22 (1999).
    • (1999) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.340 , pp. 14-22
    • O'Leary, D.H.1    Polak, J.F.2    Kronmal, R.A.3    Manolio, T.A.4    Burke, G.L.5    Wolfson Jr, S.K.6
  • 68
    • 34249306304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On behalf of PARC study participating physicians. Correlation between the Framingham risk score and intima media thickness: The Paroi Arterielle et Risque Cardio-vasculaire (PARC) study
    • Epub ahead of print
    • Touboul PJ, Vicaut E, Labreuche J et al.: On behalf of PARC study participating physicians. Correlation between the Framingham risk score and intima media thickness: The Paroi Arterielle et Risque Cardio-vasculaire (PARC) study. Atherosclerosis (2007) (Epub ahead of print).
    • (2007) Atherosclerosis
    • Touboul, P.J.1    Vicaut, E.2    Labreuche, J.3
  • 69
    • 33751233828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotid intima-media thickness as a surrogate marker for cardiovascular disease in intervention studies
    • Bots ML: Carotid intima-media thickness as a surrogate marker for cardiovascular disease in intervention studies. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 22, 2181-2190 (2006).
    • (2006) Curr. Med. Res. Opin , vol.22 , pp. 2181-2190
    • Bots, M.L.1
  • 70
    • 0025887679 scopus 로고
    • Regression of carotid plaques during low density lipoprotein cholesterol elimination
    • Hennerici M, Kleophas W, Gries FA. Regression of carotid plaques during low density lipoprotein cholesterol elimination. Stroke 22, 989-892 (1991).
    • (1991) Stroke , vol.22 , pp. 989-892
    • Hennerici, M.1    Kleophas, W.2    Gries, F.A.3
  • 71
    • 0034810903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerivastatin induces carotid artery plaque stabilization independently of cholesterol lowering in patients with hypercholesterolaemia
    • Kurata T, Kurata M, Okada T: Cerivastatin induces carotid artery plaque stabilization independently of cholesterol lowering in patients with hypercholesterolaemia. J. Int. Med. Res. 29, 329-334 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Int. Med. Res , vol.29 , pp. 329-334
    • Kurata, T.1    Kurata, M.2    Okada, T.3
  • 72
    • 33749499799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI of atherosclerosis in clinical trials
    • Yuan C, Kerwin WS, Yarnykh VL et al.: MRI of atherosclerosis in clinical trials. NMR Biomed. 19, 636-654 (2006).
    • (2006) NMR Biomed , vol.19 , pp. 636-654
    • Yuan, C.1    Kerwin, W.S.2    Yarnykh, V.L.3
  • 73
    • 27644583417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential associations of statin and fibrate treatment with carotid arterial remodeling
    • Chironi G, Simon A, Gariepy J, Balice M, Del-Pino M, Levenson J: Differential associations of statin and fibrate treatment with carotid arterial remodeling. Am. J. Hypertens. 18, 1476-1481 (2005).
    • (2005) Am. J. Hypertens , vol.18 , pp. 1476-1481
    • Chironi, G.1    Simon, A.2    Gariepy, J.3    Balice, M.4    Del-Pino, M.5    Levenson, J.6
  • 74
    • 33750447972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of torcetrapib, a novel cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor, in individuals with below-average high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels on a background of atorvastatin
    • McKenney JM, Davidson MH, Shear CL, Revkin JH: Efficacy and safety of torcetrapib, a novel cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor, in individuals with below-average high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels on a background of atorvastatin. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 48, 1782-1790 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol , vol.48 , pp. 1782-1790
    • McKenney, J.M.1    Davidson, M.H.2    Shear, C.L.3    Revkin, J.H.4
  • 75
    • 84993746817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Melbourne Atherosclerosis Vitamin E Trial (MAVET): A study of high dose vitamin E in smokers
    • Magliano D, McNeil J, Branley P et al.: The Melbourne Atherosclerosis Vitamin E Trial (MAVET): a study of high dose vitamin E in smokers. Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil. 13, 341-347 (2006).
    • (2006) Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil , vol.13 , pp. 341-347
    • Magliano, D.1    McNeil, J.2    Branley, P.3
  • 76
    • 33646907477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of probucol on elderly hypercholesterolemic patients in the FAST study
    • Sawayama Y, Maeda S, Ohnishi H, Okada K, Hayashi J: Effect of probucol on elderly hypercholesterolemic patients in the FAST study. Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi 97, 15-24 (2006).
    • (2006) Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi , vol.97 , pp. 15-24
    • Sawayama, Y.1    Maeda, S.2    Ohnishi, H.3    Okada, K.4    Hayashi, J.5
  • 77
    • 0022578877 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of selectivity of LDL removal by double filtration and dextran-sulfate cellulose column plasmapheresis
    • Homma Y, Mikami Y, Tamachi H et al.: Comparison of selectivity of LDL removal by double filtration and dextran-sulfate cellulose column plasmapheresis. Atherosclerosis 60, 23-27 (1986).
    • (1986) Atherosclerosis , vol.60 , pp. 23-27
    • Homma, Y.1    Mikami, Y.2    Tamachi, H.3
  • 78
    • 1842556196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrospective comparison of 5 different methods for long-term LDL-apheresis in 20 patients between 1986 and 2001
    • Krebs A, Krebs K, Keller F: Retrospective comparison of 5 different methods for long-term LDL-apheresis in 20 patients between 1986 and 2001. Int. J. Artif. Organs 27, 137-148 (2004).
    • (2004) Int. J. Artif. Organs , vol.27 , pp. 137-148
    • Krebs, A.1    Krebs, K.2    Keller, F.3
  • 79
    • 2542564960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In face of the increasing efficacy of lipid-lowering therapy, is there still a place for LDL-apheresis?
    • Stegmayr B, Lalau JD, Johnson O: In face of the increasing efficacy of lipid-lowering therapy, is there still a place for LDL-apheresis? Transfus. Apher. Sci. 30, 213-220 (2004).
    • (2004) Transfus. Apher. Sci , vol.30 , pp. 213-220
    • Stegmayr, B.1    Lalau, J.D.2    Johnson, O.3
  • 80
    • 33846298899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unraveling the genetics of atherosclerosis: Implications for diagnosis and treatment
    • Seo DM, Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ: Unraveling the genetics of atherosclerosis: implications for diagnosis and treatment. Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. 7, 45-51 (2007).
    • (2007) Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn , vol.7 , pp. 45-51
    • Seo, D.M.1    Goldschmidt-Clermont, P.J.2
  • 81
    • 33644660955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical application of an infrared free-electron laser: Selective removal of cholesterol ester in carotid artery atheromatous plaques
    • Nakajima Y, Iwatsuki K. Ishii K et al.: Medical application of an infrared free-electron laser: selective removal of cholesterol ester in carotid artery atheromatous plaques. J. Neurosurg. 104, 426-428 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Neurosurg , vol.104 , pp. 426-428
    • Nakajima, Y.1    Iwatsuki, K.2    Ishii, K.3
  • 82
    • 0036322303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two types of lacunar infarcts: Further arguments from a study on prognosis
    • de Jong G, Kessels F, Lodder J: Two types of lacunar infarcts: further arguments from a study on prognosis. Stroke 33, 2072-2076 (2002).
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , pp. 2072-2076
    • de Jong, G.1    Kessels, F.2    Lodder, J.3
  • 83
    • 33746337586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GENIC Investigators. Blood lipids in brain infarction subtypes
    • Amarenco P, Labreuche J, Elbaz A et al.: GENIC Investigators. Blood lipids in brain infarction subtypes. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 22, 101-108 (2006).
    • (2006) Cerebrovasc. Dis , vol.22 , pp. 101-108
    • Amarenco, P.1    Labreuche, J.2    Elbaz, A.3
  • 85
    • 0024593065 scopus 로고
    • Plasma lipoproteins in cortical versus lacunar infarction
    • Adams RJ, Carroll RM, Nichols FT et al.: Plasma lipoproteins in cortical versus lacunar infarction. Stroke 20, 448-452 (1989).
    • (1989) Stroke , vol.20 , pp. 448-452
    • Adams, R.J.1    Carroll, R.M.2    Nichols, F.T.3
  • 86
    • 0025942257 scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with silent multiple lacunar lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in asymptomatic elderly hypertensive patients
    • Kawamoto A, Shimada K. Matsubayashi K, Nishinaga M, Kimura S, Ozawa T: Factors associated with silent multiple lacunar lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in asymptomatic elderly hypertensive patients. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 18, 605-610 (1991).
    • (1991) Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol , vol.18 , pp. 605-610
    • Kawamoto, A.1    Shimada, K.2    Matsubayashi, K.3    Nishinaga, M.4    Kimura, S.5    Ozawa, T.6
  • 87
    • 0026670720 scopus 로고
    • Plasma lipoproteins in cortical versus lacunar infarction with or without cardiac arrhythmia, and in transient ischaemic attacks: A case control study
    • Giroud M, Boutron MC, Gras P et al.: Plasma lipoproteins in cortical versus lacunar infarction with or without cardiac arrhythmia, and in transient ischaemic attacks: a case control study. Neurol. Res. 14, 315-320 (1992).
    • (1992) Neurol. Res , vol.14 , pp. 315-320
    • Giroud, M.1    Boutron, M.C.2    Gras, P.3
  • 88
    • 0026453496 scopus 로고
    • Lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profile in men with ischemic stroke. Role of lipoprotein(a), triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and apolipoprotein E polymorphism
    • Pedro-Botet J, Senti M, Nogues X et al.: Lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profile in men with ischemic stroke. Role of lipoprotein(a), triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and apolipoprotein E polymorphism. Stroke 23, 1556-1562 (1992).
    • (1992) Stroke , vol.23 , pp. 1556-1562
    • Pedro-Botet, J.1    Senti, M.2    Nogues, X.3
  • 89
    • 9344270463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dyslipidemia, elevated LDL cholesterol and reduced nocturnal blood pressure dipping denote lacunar strokes occurring during nighttime
    • Matz K, Tatschi C, Sebek K, Dachenhausen A, Brainin M: Dyslipidemia, elevated LDL cholesterol and reduced nocturnal blood pressure dipping denote lacunar strokes occurring during nighttime. Eur. J. Neurol. 11, 742-748 (2004).
    • (2004) Eur. J. Neurol , vol.11 , pp. 742-748
    • Matz, K.1    Tatschi, C.2    Sebek, K.3    Dachenhausen, A.4    Brainin, M.5
  • 90
    • 0032544515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silent lacunar infarction on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Risk factors
    • Shintani S, Shiigai T, Arinami T: Silent lacunar infarction on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): risk factors. J. Neurol. Sci. 160, 82-86 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.160 , pp. 82-86
    • Shintani, S.1    Shiigai, T.2    Arinami, T.3
  • 91
    • 11144223888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence, manifestations, and predictors of worsening white matter on serial cranial magnetic resonance imaging in the elderly: The Cardiovascular Health Study
    • Longstreth WT Jr, Arnold AM, Beauchamp NJ Jr et al.: Incidence, manifestations, and predictors of worsening white matter on serial cranial magnetic resonance imaging in the elderly: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Stroke 36, 56-61 (2005).
    • (2005) Stroke , vol.36 , pp. 56-61
    • Longstreth Jr, W.T.1    Arnold, A.M.2    Beauchamp Jr, N.J.3
  • 92
    • 18844415380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of pravastatin on cerebral infarcts and white matter lesions
    • ten Dam VH, van den Heuvel DM, van Buchem MA et al.: Effect of pravastatin on cerebral infarcts and white matter lesions. Neurology 64, 1807-1809 (2005).
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , pp. 1807-1809
    • ten Dam, V.H.1    van den Heuvel, D.M.2    van Buchem, M.A.3
  • 93
    • 0032776885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small chronic hemorrhages and ischemic lesions in association with spontaneous intracerebral hematomas
    • Tanaka A, Ueno Y, Nakayama Y, Takano K, Takebayashi S. Small chronic hemorrhages and ischemic lesions in association with spontaneous intracerebral hematomas. Stroke 30, 1637-1642 (1999).
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , pp. 1637-1642
    • Tanaka, A.1    Ueno, Y.2    Nakayama, Y.3    Takano, K.4    Takebayashi, S.5
  • 95
    • 9244253703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of primary hypertensive hemorrhage of the brain
    • Grotta JC: Management of primary hypertensive hemorrhage of the brain. Curr. Treat. Options Neurol. 6, 435-442 (2004).
    • (2004) Curr. Treat. Options Neurol , vol.6 , pp. 435-442
    • Grotta, J.C.1
  • 96
    • 0033364292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histopathologic analysis of foci of signal loss on gradient-echo T2*-weighted MR images in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: Evidence of microangiopathy-related microbleeds
    • Fazekas F, Kleinert R, Roob G et al.: Histopathologic analysis of foci of signal loss on gradient-echo T2*-weighted MR images in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: evidence of microangiopathy-related microbleeds. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 20, 637-642 (1999).
    • (1999) Am. J. Neuroradiol , vol.20 , pp. 637-642
    • Fazekas, F.1    Kleinert, R.2    Roob, G.3
  • 97
    • 0036905152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low concentration of serum total cholesterol is associated with multifocal signal loss lesions on gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging: Analysis of risk factors for multifocal signal loss lesions
    • Lee SH, Bae HJ, Yoon BW, Kim H, Kim DE, Rob JK: Low concentration of serum total cholesterol is associated with multifocal signal loss lesions on gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging: analysis of risk factors for multifocal signal loss lesions. Stroke 33, 2845-2849 (2002).
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , pp. 2845-2849
    • Lee, S.H.1    Bae, H.J.2    Yoon, B.W.3    Kim, H.4    Kim, D.E.5    Rob, J.K.6
  • 98
    • 3242767800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral microbleeds: Prevalence and associations with cardiovascular risk factors in the Framingham Study
    • Jeerakathil T, Wolf PA, Beiser A et al.: Cerebral microbleeds: prevalence and associations with cardiovascular risk factors in the Framingham Study. Stroke 35, 1831-1835 (2004).
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , pp. 1831-1835
    • Jeerakathil, T.1    Wolf, P.A.2    Beiser, A.3
  • 99
    • 33644909914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral microbleeds on MRI: Prevalence, associations, and potential clinical implications
    • Koennecke HC: Cerebral microbleeds on MRI: prevalence, associations, and potential clinical implications. Neurology 66, 165-171 (2006).
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.66 , pp. 165-171
    • Koennecke, H.C.1
  • 100
    • 33746853958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progression of white matter lesions and hemorrhages in cerebral amyloid angiopathy
    • Chen YW, Gurol ME. Rosand J et al.: Progression of white matter lesions and hemorrhages in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Neurology 67, 83-87 (2006).
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.67 , pp. 83-87
    • Chen, Y.W.1    Gurol, M.E.2    Rosand, J.3
  • 101
  • 102
    • 0031908926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide synthase inhibition in humans reduces cerebral blood flow but not the hyperemic response to hypercapnia
    • White RP, Deane C, Vallace P, Markus HS: Nitric oxide synthase inhibition in humans reduces cerebral blood flow but not the hyperemic response to hypercapnia. Stroke 29, 467-472 (1998).
    • (1998) Stroke , vol.29 , pp. 467-472
    • White, R.P.1    Deane, C.2    Vallace, P.3    Markus, H.S.4
  • 103
    • 0034538382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of inhibition of nitric oxide synthase on dynamic cerebral autoregulation in humans
    • White RP, Vallace P, Markus HS: Effect of inhibition of nitric oxide synthase on dynamic cerebral autoregulation in humans. Clin. Sci. 99, 555-560 (2000).
    • (2000) Clin. Sci , vol.99 , pp. 555-560
    • White, R.P.1    Vallace, P.2    Markus, H.S.3
  • 104
    • 0024553336 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide-generating vasodilators and 8-bromocyclic guanosine monophosphate inhibit mitogenesis and proliferation of cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells
    • Garg UC, Hassid A: Nitric oxide-generating vasodilators and 8-bromocyclic guanosine monophosphate inhibit mitogenesis and proliferation of cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. J. Clin. Invest. 83, 1774-1777 (1989).
    • (1989) J. Clin. Invest , vol.83 , pp. 1774-1777
    • Garg, U.C.1    Hassid, A.2
  • 105
    • 0031054604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-arginine reduces human monocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium and endothetial expression of cell adhesion molecules
    • Adams MR, Jessup W, Hailstones D, Celermajer DS: L-arginine reduces human monocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium and endothetial expression of cell adhesion molecules. Circulation 95, 662-668 (1997).
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.95 , pp. 662-668
    • Adams, M.R.1    Jessup, W.2    Hailstones, D.3    Celermajer, D.S.4
  • 106
    • 0034124224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between nitric oxide and endothelin in the regulation of vascular tone of human resistance vessels in vivo
    • Cardillo C, Kilcoyne CM, Cannon RO 3rd, Panza JA: Interactions between nitric oxide and endothelin in the regulation of vascular tone of human resistance vessels in vivo. Hypertension 35, 1237-1241 (2000).
    • (2000) Hypertension , vol.35 , pp. 1237-1241
    • Cardillo, C.1    Kilcoyne, C.M.2    Cannon 3rd, R.O.3    Panza, J.A.4
  • 108
    • 2342661140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment: Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
    • Sloan MA, Alexandrov AV, Tegeler CH et al.: Assessment: transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 62, 1468-1481 (2004).
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.62 , pp. 1468-1481
    • Sloan, M.A.1    Alexandrov, A.V.2    Tegeler, C.H.3
  • 109
    • 0020394689 scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive transcranial Doppler ultrasound recording of flow velocity in basal cerebral arteries
    • Aaslid R, Markwalder TM, Nornes H: Noninvasive transcranial Doppler ultrasound recording of flow velocity in basal cerebral arteries. J. Neurosurg. 57, 769-774 (1982).
    • (1982) J. Neurosurg , vol.57 , pp. 769-774
    • Aaslid, R.1    Markwalder, T.M.2    Nornes, H.3
  • 110
    • 0026753244 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of cerebrovascular reactivity using transcranial Doppler, including the use of breath-holding as the vasodilatory stimulus
    • Markus HS, Harrison MJ: Estimation of cerebrovascular reactivity using transcranial Doppler, including the use of breath-holding as the vasodilatory stimulus. Stroke 23, 668-673 (1992).
    • (1992) Stroke , vol.23 , pp. 668-673
    • Markus, H.S.1    Harrison, M.J.2
  • 111
    • 0026452050 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral blood flow velocity after hyperventilation-induced vasoconstriction in hypertensive patients
    • Malatino LS, Bellofiore S, Costa MP, Lo Manto G, Finocchiaro F, Di Maria GU: Cerebral blood flow velocity after hyperventilation-induced vasoconstriction in hypertensive patients. Stroke 23, 1728-1732 (1992).
    • (1992) Stroke , vol.23 , pp. 1728-1732
    • Malatino, L.S.1    Bellofiore, S.2    Costa, M.P.3    Lo Manto, G.4    Finocchiaro, F.5    Di Maria, G.U.6
  • 113
    • 0034058297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrovascular reserve capacity in patients with hyperlipidemia
    • Kerényi LL, Fülesdi B, Ficzere A et al.: Cerebrovascular reserve capacity in patients with hyperlipidemia. J. Clin. Ultrasound 28, 115-121 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Clin. Ultrasound , vol.28 , pp. 115-121
    • Kerényi, L.L.1    Fülesdi, B.2    Ficzere, A.3
  • 114
    • 33749028158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of atorvastatin treatment on L-arginine cerebrovascular reactivity and flow-mediated dilatation in patients with lacunar infarctions
    • Pretnar-Oblak J, Sabovic M, Sebestjen M, Pogacnik T, Zaletel M: Influence of atorvastatin treatment on L-arginine cerebrovascular reactivity and flow-mediated dilatation in patients with lacunar infarctions. Stroke 37, 2540-2545 (2002).
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.37 , pp. 2540-2545
    • Pretnar-Oblak, J.1    Sabovic, M.2    Sebestjen, M.3    Pogacnik, T.4    Zaletel, M.5
  • 115
    • 0030453773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is impaired cerebral vasomotor reactivity a predictive factor of stroke in asymptomatic patients?
    • Gur AY, Bova I, Bornstein NM: Is impaired cerebral vasomotor reactivity a predictive factor of stroke in asymptomatic patients? Stroke 27, 2188-2190 (1996).
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , pp. 2188-2190
    • Gur, A.Y.1    Bova, I.2    Bornstein, N.M.3
  • 116
    • 0026354755 scopus 로고
    • Hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis change vascular reactivity in rabbits by different mechanisms
    • Galle J, Busse R, Bassenge E: Hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis change vascular reactivity in rabbits by different mechanisms. Arterioscler. Thromb. 11, 1712-1718 (1991).
    • (1991) Arterioscler. Thromb , vol.11 , pp. 1712-1718
    • Galle, J.1    Busse, R.2    Bassenge, E.3
  • 117
    • 0028212114 scopus 로고
    • Regional cerebral blood flow in familial hypercholesterolemia
    • Rodriguez G, Bertolini S, Nobili F et al.: Regional cerebral blood flow in familial hypercholesterolemia. Stroke 25, 831-836 (1994).
    • (1994) Stroke , vol.25 , pp. 831-836
    • Rodriguez, G.1    Bertolini, S.2    Nobili, F.3
  • 118
    • 0345493873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 reactivity after heparin-mediated extracorporal LDL precipitation (HELP) in patients with coronary heart disease and hyperlipidemia. Stroke 30, 1802-1806 (1999).
    • 2 reactivity after heparin-mediated extracorporal LDL precipitation (HELP) in patients with coronary heart disease and hyperlipidemia. Stroke 30, 1802-1806 (1999).
  • 119
    • 0032735148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholine-induced response of coronary resistance arterioles in cholesterol-fed rabbits
    • Takahashi K, Ohyanagi M, Ikeoka K, Iwasaki T. Acetylcholine-induced response of coronary resistance arterioles in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Jpn J. Pharmacol. 81, 156-162 (1999).
    • (1999) Jpn J. Pharmacol , vol.81 , pp. 156-162
    • Takahashi, K.1    Ohyanagi, M.2    Ikeoka, K.3    Iwasaki, T.4
  • 120
    • 0030823394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced endothelin-mediated coronary vasoconstriction and attenuated basal nitric oxide activity in experimental hypercholesterolemia
    • Mathew V, Cannan CR, Miller VM et al.: Enhanced endothelin-mediated coronary vasoconstriction and attenuated basal nitric oxide activity in experimental hypercholesterolemia. Circulation 96, 1930-1936 (1997).
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 1930-1936
    • Mathew, V.1    Cannan, C.R.2    Miller, V.M.3
  • 121
    • 0037108203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypercholesterolemia promotes inflammation and microvascular dysfunction: Role of nitric oxide and superoxide
    • Stokes KY, Cooper D, Tailor A, Granger DN: Hypercholesterolemia promotes inflammation and microvascular dysfunction: role of nitric oxide and superoxide. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 33, 1026-1036 (2002).
    • (2002) Free Radic. Biol. Med , vol.33 , pp. 1026-1036
    • Stokes, K.Y.1    Cooper, D.2    Tailor, A.3    Granger, D.N.4
  • 122
    • 2942750054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assmann G, Gotto AM Jr: HDL cholesterol and protective factors in atherosclerosis. Circulation 109(23 Suppl. 1), III8-III14 (2004).
    • Assmann G, Gotto AM Jr: HDL cholesterol and protective factors in atherosclerosis. Circulation 109(23 Suppl. 1), III8-III14 (2004).
  • 123
    • 0034332783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased activity of endogenous endothelin in patients with hypercholesterolemia
    • Cardillo C, Kilcoyne CM, Cannon RO 3rd, Panza JA: Increased activity of endogenous endothelin in patients with hypercholesterolemia. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 36, 1483-1488 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol , vol.36 , pp. 1483-1488
    • Cardillo, C.1    Kilcoyne, C.M.2    Cannon 3rd, R.O.3    Panza, J.A.4
  • 124
    • 0034927750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-density lipoprotein binding to scavanger receptor-BI activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase
    • Yuhanna, IS. Zhu Y, Cox BE et al.: High-density lipoprotein binding to scavanger receptor-BI activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Nat. Med. 7, 853-857 (2001).
    • (2001) Nat. Med , vol.7 , pp. 853-857
    • Yuhanna, I.S.1    Zhu, Y.2    Cox, B.E.3
  • 125
    • 0037192815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High density lipoprotein binding to scavanger receptor, class B, type I activates endothelial nitric-oxide synthase in a ceramide-dependent manner
    • Li XA, Titlow WB, Lackson BA et al.: High density lipoprotein binding to scavanger receptor, class B, type I activates endothelial nitric-oxide synthase in a ceramide-dependent manner. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 11058-11063 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Biol. Chem , vol.277 , pp. 11058-11063
    • Li, X.A.1    Titlow, W.B.2    Lackson, B.A.3
  • 126
    • 0037177140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-density lipoprotein restores endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic men
    • Speiker LE, Sudano I, Hurlimann D et al.: High-density lipoprotein restores endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic men. Circulation 105, 1399-1402 (2002).
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 1399-1402
    • Speiker, L.E.1    Sudano, I.2    Hurlimann, D.3
  • 127
    • 0027987849 scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)
    • Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group
    • Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group: Randomized trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 334, 1383-1389 (1994).
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.334 , pp. 1383-1389
  • 128
    • 9444249842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statin in stroke prevention and carotid atherosclerosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Amarenco P, Labreuche J, Lavallee P, Touboul PJ: Statin in stroke prevention and carotid atherosclerosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke 35, 2902-2909 (2004).
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , pp. 2902-2909
    • Amarenco, P.1    Labreuche, J.2    Lavallee, P.3    Touboul, P.J.4
  • 129
    • 33644849561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dinamics of statins. From prevention to neuroprotection
    • Amarenco P, Moskowitz MA: The dinamics of statins. From prevention to neuroprotection. Stroke, 294-296 (2006).
    • (2006) Stroke , vol.294-296
    • Amarenco, P.1    Moskowitz, M.A.2
  • 130
    • 0035207933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pravastatin improves cerebral vasomotor reactivity in patients with subcortical small vesseldisease
    • Sterzer P, Meintzschel F, Rösler A, Lanfermann H. Steinmetz H, Sitzer M: Pravastatin improves cerebral vasomotor reactivity in patients with subcortical small vesseldisease. Stroke 32, 2817-2820(2001).
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 2817-2820
    • Sterzer, P.1    Meintzschel, F.2    Rösler, A.3    Lanfermann, H.4    Steinmetz, H.5    Sitzer, M.6
  • 131
    • 33749028158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of atorvastatin treatment on L-arginine cerebrovascular reactivity and flow-mediated dilatation in patient swith lacunar infarctions
    • Pretnar-Oblak J, Sabovic M, Sebestjen M, Pogacnik T, Zaletel M: Influence of atorvastatin treatment on L-arginine cerebrovascular reactivity and flow-mediated dilatation in patient swith lacunar infarctions. Stroke 37, 2540-2545 (2006).
    • (2006) Stroke , vol.37 , pp. 2540-2545
    • Pretnar-Oblak, J.1    Sabovic, M.2    Sebestjen, M.3    Pogacnik, T.4    Zaletel, M.5
  • 132
    • 33749007123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statins and cerebral vasomotor reactivity: Implications for a new therapy?
    • Carod-Artal FJ: Statins and cerebral vasomotor reactivity: implications for a new therapy? Stroke 37, 2446-2448 (2006).
    • (2006) Stroke , vol.37 , pp. 2446-2448
    • Carod-Artal, F.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.