메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 337, Issue 8, 1997, Pages 516-522

Cumulative effects of high cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, and cigarette smoking on carotid stenosis

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL;

EID: 0030818784     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199708213370802     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (249)

References (45)
  • 1
    • 0023025526 scopus 로고
    • Is the relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings on the 356,222 primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT)
    • Stamler J, Wentworth DN, Neaton JD. Is the relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings on the 356,222 primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). JAMA 1986;256:2823-8.
    • (1986) JAMA , vol.256 , pp. 2823-2828
    • Stamler, J.1    Wentworth, D.N.2    Neaton, J.D.3
  • 2
    • 0025959101 scopus 로고
    • An updated coronary risk profile: A statement for health professionals
    • Anderson KM, Wilson PWF, Odell PM, Kannel WB. An updated coronary risk profile: a statement for health professionals. Circulation 1991;83: 357-62.
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.83 , pp. 357-362
    • Anderson, K.M.1    Wilson, P.W.F.2    Odell, P.M.3    Kannel, W.B.4
  • 3
    • 0024362676 scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and risk of fatal coronary heart disease
    • Stamler J, Neaton JD, Wentworth DN. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and risk of fatal coronary heart disease. Hypertension 1989;13: Suppl:I-2-I-12.
    • (1989) Hypertension , vol.13 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Stamler, J.1    Neaton, J.D.2    Wentworth, D.N.3
  • 5
    • 0028832052 scopus 로고
    • Association of fibrinolytic parameters with early atherosclerosis: The ARIC Study: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
    • Salomaa V, Stinson V, Kark JD, Folsom AR, Davis CE, Wu KK. Association of fibrinolytic parameters with early atherosclerosis: the ARIC Study: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Circulation 1995;91: 284-90.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.91 , pp. 284-290
    • Salomaa, V.1    Stinson, V.2    Kark, J.D.3    Folsom, A.R.4    Davis, C.E.5    Wu, K.K.6
  • 6
    • 0028238502 scopus 로고
    • Carotid plaque, aging, and risk factors: A study of 457 subjects
    • Fabris F, Zanocchi M, Bo M, et al. Carotid plaque, aging, and risk factors: a study of 457 subjects. Stroke 1994;25:1133-40.
    • (1994) Stroke , vol.25 , pp. 1133-1140
    • Fabris, F.1    Zanocchi, M.2    Bo, M.3
  • 7
    • 0026350790 scopus 로고
    • Carotid endarterectomy and prevention of cerebral ischemia in symptomatic carotid stenosis
    • Mayberg MR, Wilson SE, Yatsu F, et al. Carotid endarterectomy and prevention of cerebral ischemia in symptomatic carotid stenosis. JAMA 1991;266:3289-94.
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.266 , pp. 3289-3294
    • Mayberg, M.R.1    Wilson, S.E.2    Yatsu, F.3
  • 8
    • 0025734372 scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis
    • North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med 1991;325:445-53.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 445-453
  • 9
    • 0028938324 scopus 로고
    • Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis
    • Executive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study. Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. JAMA 1995;273:1421-8.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.273 , pp. 1421-1428
  • 10
    • 0028910703 scopus 로고
    • Pravastatin, Lipids, and Atherosclerosis in the Carotid Arteries (PLAC-II)
    • Erratum, Am J Cardiol 1995;75:862
    • Crouse JR III, Byington RP, Bond MG, et al. Pravastatin, Lipids, and Atherosclerosis in the Carotid Arteries (PLAC-II). Am J Cardiol 1995;75: 455-9. [Erratum, Am J Cardiol 1995;75:862.]
    • (1995) Am J Cardiol , vol.75 , pp. 455-459
    • Crouse III, J.R.1    Byington, R.P.2    Bond, M.G.3
  • 11
    • 0028929099 scopus 로고
    • Risk of stroke in the distribution of an asymptomatic carotid artery
    • The European Carotid Surgery Trialists Collaborative Group. Risk of stroke in the distribution of an asymptomatic carotid artery. Lancet 1995; 345:209-12.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.345 , pp. 209-212
  • 12
    • 0028040275 scopus 로고
    • Relation of carotid artery wall thickness to diabetes mellitus, fasting glucose and insulin, body size, and physical activity: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Investigators
    • Folsom AR, Eckfeldt JH, Weitzman S, et al. Relation of carotid artery wall thickness to diabetes mellitus, fasting glucose and insulin, body size, and physical activity: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Investigators. Stroke 1994;25:66-73.
    • (1994) Stroke , vol.25 , pp. 66-73
    • Folsom, A.R.1    Eckfeldt, J.H.2    Weitzman, S.3
  • 13
    • 0027331191 scopus 로고
    • The relation of lipoprotein[a] concentrations and apolipoprotein[a] phenotypes with asymptomatic atherosclerosis in subjects of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
    • Brown SA, Morrisett JD, Boerwinkle E, Hutchinson R, Patsch W. The relation of lipoprotein[a] concentrations and apolipoprotein[a] phenotypes with asymptomatic atherosclerosis in subjects of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Arterioscler Thromb 1993;13:1558-66.
    • (1993) Arterioscler Thromb , vol.13 , pp. 1558-1566
    • Brown, S.A.1    Morrisett, J.D.2    Boerwinkle, E.3    Hutchinson, R.4    Patsch, W.5
  • 14
    • 0028174806 scopus 로고
    • Associations of lipoprotein cholesterols, apolipoproteins A-I and B, and triglycerides with carotid atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
    • Sharrett AR, Patsch W, Sorlie PD, Heiss G, Bond MG, Davis CE. Associations of lipoprotein cholesterols, apolipoproteins A-I and B, and triglycerides with carotid atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Arterioscler Thromb 1994;14:1098-104.
    • (1994) Arterioscler Thromb , vol.14 , pp. 1098-1104
    • Sharrett, A.R.1    Patsch, W.2    Sorlie, P.D.3    Heiss, G.4    Bond, M.G.5    Davis, C.E.6
  • 15
    • 0028609609 scopus 로고
    • Relation of smoking with carotid artery wall thickness and stenosis in older adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study: the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Collaborative Research Group
    • Tell GS, Polak JF, Ward BJ, Kittner SJ, Savage PJ, Robbins J. Relation of smoking with carotid artery wall thickness and stenosis in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study: the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Collaborative Research Group. Circulation 1994;90:2905-8.
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , pp. 2905-2908
    • Tell, G.S.1    Polak, J.F.2    Ward, B.J.3    Kittner, S.J.4    Savage, P.J.5    Robbins, J.6
  • 16
    • 0028884723 scopus 로고
    • Dietary antioxidants and carotid artery wall thickness: The ARIC Study: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
    • Kritchevsky SB, Shimakawa T, Tell GS, et al. Dietary antioxidants and carotid artery wall thickness: the ARIC Study: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Circulation 1995;92:2142-50.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 2142-2150
    • Kritchevsky, S.B.1    Shimakawa, T.2    Tell, G.S.3
  • 17
    • 0025019678 scopus 로고
    • Is elevated serum cholesterol level a risk factor for coronary heart disease in the elderly?
    • Benfante R, Reed D. Is elevated serum cholesterol level a risk factor for coronary heart disease in the elderly? JAMA 1990;263:393-6.
    • (1990) JAMA , vol.263 , pp. 393-396
    • Benfante, R.1    Reed, D.2
  • 18
    • 0028263188 scopus 로고
    • Elevated serum cholesterol is a risk factor for both coronary heart disease and thromboembolic stroke in Hawaiian Japanese men: Implications of shared risk
    • Benfante R, Yano K, Hwang LJ, Curb JD, Kagan A, Ross W. Elevated serum cholesterol is a risk factor for both coronary heart disease and thromboembolic stroke in Hawaiian Japanese men: implications of shared risk. Stroke 1994;25:814-20.
    • (1994) Stroke , vol.25 , pp. 814-820
    • Benfante, R.1    Yano, K.2    Hwang, L.J.3    Curb, J.D.4    Kagan, A.5    Ross, W.6
  • 19
    • 0023221817 scopus 로고
    • Automated enzymatic standardized lipid analyses for plasma and lipoprotein fractions
    • McNamara JR, Schaefer EJ. Automated enzymatic standardized lipid analyses for plasma and lipoprotein fractions. Clin Chim Acta 1987;166:1-8.
    • (1987) Clin Chim Acta , vol.166 , pp. 1-8
    • McNamara, J.R.1    Schaefer, E.J.2
  • 20
    • 76949121427 scopus 로고
    • A simplified method for the estimation of total cholesterol in serum and demonstration of its specificity
    • Abell LL, Levy BB, Brodie BB, Kendall FE. A simplified method for the estimation of total cholesterol in serum and demonstration of its specificity. J Biol Chem 1952;195:357-66.
    • (1952) J Biol Chem , vol.195 , pp. 357-366
    • Abell, L.L.1    Levy, B.B.2    Brodie, B.B.3    Kendall, F.E.4
  • 21
    • 0023121401 scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol and mortality: 30 years of follow-up from the Framingham Study
    • Anderson KM, Castelli WP, Levy D. Cholesterol and mortality: 30 years of follow-up from the Framingham Study. JAMA 1987;257:2176-80.
    • (1987) JAMA , vol.257 , pp. 2176-2180
    • Anderson, K.M.1    Castelli, W.P.2    Levy, D.3
  • 23
  • 24
    • 0017384270 scopus 로고
    • High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease: The Framingham Study
    • Gordon T, Castelli WP, Hjortland MC, Kannel WB, Dawber TR. High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease: the Framingham Study. Am J Med 1977;62:707-14.
    • (1977) Am J Med , vol.62 , pp. 707-714
    • Gordon, T.1    Castelli, W.P.2    Hjortland, M.C.3    Kannel, W.B.4    Dawber, T.R.5
  • 26
    • 0027467875 scopus 로고
    • Hypercholesterolemia and coronary risk in the elderly: The Framingham Study
    • Wilson PWF, Kannel WB. Hypercholesterolemia and coronary risk in the elderly: the Framingham Study. Am J Geriatr Cardiol 1993;2(2):52-6.
    • (1993) Am J Geriatr Cardiol , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 52-56
    • Wilson, P.W.F.1    Kannel, W.B.2
  • 27
    • 0018717458 scopus 로고
    • Is the serum total cholesterol an anachronism?
    • Kannel WB, Castelli WP. Is the serum total cholesterol an anachronism? Lancet 1979;2:950-1.
    • (1979) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 950-951
    • Kannel, W.B.1    Castelli, W.P.2
  • 28
    • 0029161830 scopus 로고
    • HDL cholesterol predicts coronary heart disease mortality in older persons
    • Corti MC, Guralnik JM, Salive ME, et al. HDL cholesterol predicts coronary heart disease mortality in older persons. JAMA 1995;274:539-44.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 539-544
    • Corti, M.C.1    Guralnik, J.M.2    Salive, M.E.3
  • 29
    • 0024242248 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis and serum cholesterol levels in eastern Finland
    • Salonen R, Seppanen K, Rauramaa R, Salonen JT. Prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis and serum cholesterol levels in eastern Finland. Arteriosclerosis 1988;8:788-92.
    • (1988) Arteriosclerosis , vol.8 , pp. 788-792
    • Salonen, R.1    Seppanen, K.2    Rauramaa, R.3    Salonen, J.T.4
  • 30
    • 0026056004 scopus 로고
    • Carotid atherosclerosis measured by B-mode ultrasound in populations: Associations with cardiovascular risk factors in the ARIC study
    • Heiss G, Sharrett AR, Barnes R, Chambless LE, Szklo M, Alzola C. Carotid atherosclerosis measured by B-mode ultrasound in populations: associations with cardiovascular risk factors in the ARIC study. Am J Epidemiol 1991;134:250-6.
    • (1991) Am J Epidemiol , vol.134 , pp. 250-256
    • Heiss, G.1    Sharrett, A.R.2    Barnes, R.3    Chambless, L.E.4    Szklo, M.5    Alzola, C.6
  • 31
    • 0026478736 scopus 로고
    • Distribution and correlates of sonographically detected carotid artery disease in the Cardiovascular Health Study: The CHS Collaborative Research Group
    • O'Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmal RA, et al. Distribution and correlates of sonographically detected carotid artery disease in the Cardiovascular Health Study: the CHS Collaborative Research Group. Stroke 1992;23: 1752-60.
    • (1992) Stroke , vol.23 , pp. 1752-1760
    • O'Leary, D.H.1    Polak, J.F.2    Kronmal, R.A.3
  • 33
    • 0028040048 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound-determined intima-media thickness and atherosclerosis: Direct and indirect validation
    • Persson J, Formgren J, Israelsson B, Berglund G. Ultrasound-determined intima-media thickness and atherosclerosis: direct and indirect validation. Arterioscler Thromb 1994;14:261-4.
    • (1994) Arterioscler Thromb , vol.14 , pp. 261-264
    • Persson, J.1    Formgren, J.2    Israelsson, B.3    Berglund, G.4
  • 34
    • 0028137601 scopus 로고
    • Familial hypercholesterolemia: What the zebra can teach us about the horse
    • Hoeg JM. Familial hypercholesterolemia: what the zebra can teach us about the horse. JAMA 1994;271:543-6.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.271 , pp. 543-546
    • Hoeg, J.M.1
  • 35
    • 0028358075 scopus 로고
    • Detection and quantitation of calcific atherosclerosis by ultrafast computed tomography in children and young adults with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
    • Hoeg JM, Feuerstein IM, Tucker EE. Detection and quantitation of calcific atherosclerosis by ultrafast computed tomography in children and young adults with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb 1994;14:1066-74.
    • (1994) Arterioscler Thromb , vol.14 , pp. 1066-1074
    • Hoeg, J.M.1    Feuerstein, I.M.2    Tucker, E.E.3
  • 36
    • 0029964683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of cholesterol-year score to severity of calcific atherosclerosis and tissue deposition in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
    • Schmidt HH, Hill S, Makariou EV, Feuerstein IM, Dugi KA, Hoeg JM. Relation of cholesterol-year score to severity of calcific atherosclerosis and tissue deposition in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Am J Cardiol 1996;77:575-80.
    • (1996) Am J Cardiol , vol.77 , pp. 575-580
    • Schmidt, H.H.1    Hill, S.2    Makariou, E.V.3    Feuerstein, I.M.4    Dugi, K.A.5    Hoeg, J.M.6
  • 37
    • 0029882605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The extracranial carotid artery in familial hypercholesterolaemia: Relationship of intimal-medial thickness and plaque morphology with plasma lipids and coronary heart disease
    • Sidhu PS, Naoumova RP, Maher VMG, et al. The extracranial carotid artery in familial hypercholesterolaemia: relationship of intimal-medial thickness and plaque morphology with plasma lipids and coronary heart disease. J Cardiovasc Risk 1996;3:61-7.
    • (1996) J Cardiovasc Risk , vol.3 , pp. 61-67
    • Sidhu, P.S.1    Naoumova, R.P.2    Maher, V.M.G.3
  • 38
    • 84948013063 scopus 로고
    • Systolic blood pressure, arterial rigidity, and risk of stroke: The Framingham Study
    • Kannel WB, Wolf PA, McGee DL, Dawber TR, McNamara P, Castelli WP. Systolic blood pressure, arterial rigidity, and risk of stroke: the Framingham Study. JAMA 1981;245:1225-9.
    • (1981) JAMA , vol.245 , pp. 1225-1229
    • Kannel, W.B.1    Wolf, P.A.2    McGee, D.L.3    Dawber, T.R.4    McNamara, P.5    Castelli, W.P.6
  • 39
    • 0025831464 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension: Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP)
    • SHEP Cooperative Research Group. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension: final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA 1991;265:3255-64.
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.265 , pp. 3255-3264
  • 40
    • 0028862515 scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol screening: Once is not enough
    • Wilson PWF. Cholesterol screening: once is not enough. Arch Intern Med 1995;155:2146-7.
    • (1995) Arch Intern Med , vol.155 , pp. 2146-2147
    • Wilson, P.W.F.1
  • 41
    • 0026508525 scopus 로고
    • Blood lipid measurements: Variations and practical utility
    • Cooper GR, Myers GL, Smith SJ, Schlant RC. Blood lipid measurements: variations and practical utility. JAMA 1992;267:1652-60.
    • (1992) JAMA , vol.267 , pp. 1652-1660
    • Cooper, G.R.1    Myers, G.L.2    Smith, S.J.3    Schlant, R.C.4
  • 42
    • 0028274281 scopus 로고
    • Estimating and minimizing effects of biologic sources of variation by relative range when measuring the mean of serum lipids and lipoproteins
    • Cooper GR, Smith SJ, Myers GL, Sampson EJ, Magid E. Estimating and minimizing effects of biologic sources of variation by relative range when measuring the mean of serum lipids and lipoproteins. Clin Chem 1994;40:227-32.
    • (1994) Clin Chem , vol.40 , pp. 227-232
    • Cooper, G.R.1    Smith, S.J.2    Myers, G.L.3    Sampson, E.J.4    Magid, E.5
  • 43
    • 0025216049 scopus 로고
    • The cholesterol facts: A summary of the evidence relating dietary fats, serum cholesterol, and coronary heart disease: a joint statement by the American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
    • LaRosa JC, Hunninghake D, Bush D, et al. The cholesterol facts: a summary of the evidence relating dietary fats, serum cholesterol, and coronary heart disease: a joint statement by the American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Circulation 1990;81: 1721-33.
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.81 , pp. 1721-1733
    • LaRosa, J.C.1    Hunninghake, D.2    Bush, D.3
  • 44
    • 0023728740 scopus 로고
    • Current status of blood cholesterol measurement in clinical laboratories in the United States: A report from the Laboratory Standardization Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program
    • Current status of blood cholesterol measurement in clinical laboratories in the United States: a report from the Laboratory Standardization Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program. Clin Chem 1988; 34:193-201.
    • (1988) Clin Chem , vol.34 , pp. 193-201


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.