Indications for immediate loading of implants and implant success

Clinical Oral Implants Research

Volumn 17, Issue SUPPL. 2, 2006, Pages 19-34

  Nkenke, Emeka ^a   Fenner, Matthias ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN NUREMBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Dental implant; Edentulism; Immediate loading; Level of evidence; Oral implant; Osseointegration; Partial edentulism; Single tooth implant

Indexed keywords

BONE REGENERATION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DENTAL CARE; HUMAN; PATIENT SELECTION; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; REVIEW; TIME; TOOTH IMPLANTATION; TOOTH PROSTHESIS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

DENTAL IMPLANTATION, ENDOSSEOUS; DENTAL IMPLANTS; DENTAL PROSTHESIS, IMPLANT-SUPPORTED; DENTAL STRESS ANALYSIS; HUMANS; OSSEOINTEGRATION; PATIENT SELECTION; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TIME FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 33748300783     PISSN: 09057161     EISSN: 16000501     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2006.01348.x     Document Type: Review

References (71)

1. Albrektsson, T. & Zarb, G.A. (1998) Determinants of correct clinical reporting. International Journal of Prosthodontics 11: 517-521.
2. Albrektsson, T., Zarb, G.A, Worthington, P. & Eriksson, R.A. (1986) The long-term efficacy of currently used dental implants: a review and proposed criteria of success. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 1: 11-25.
3. Andersen, E., Haanaes, H.R. & Knutsen, B.M. (2002) Immediate loading of single-tooth ITI implants in the anterior maxilla: a prospective 5-year pilot study. Clinical Oral Implants Research 13: 281-287.
4. Apariclo, C., Rangert, B. & Sennerby, L. (2003) Immediate/early loading of dental implants: a report from the Sociedad Espanola de Implantes World Congress consensus meeting in Barcelona, Spain, 2002. Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research 5: 57-60.
5. Attard, N.J. & Zarb, G.A. (2005) Immediate and early implant loading protocols: a literature review of clinical studies. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 94: 242-258.
6. Bergkvist, G., Sahlholm, S., Karlsson, U., Nilner, K. & Lindh, C. (2005) Immediately loaded implants supporting fixed prostheses in the edentulous maxilla: a preliminary clinical and radiologic report. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 20: 399-405.
7. Bluhm, R. (2005) From hierarchy to network: a richer view of evidence for evidence-based medicine. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 48: 535-547.
8. Calandriello, R. & Tomatis, M. (2005) Simplified treatment of the atrophic posterior maxilla via immediate/early function and tilted implants: a prospective 1-year clinical study. Clinical Implant Dentistry & Related Research 7 (Suppl. 1): S1-S12.
9. Cannizzaro, G. & Leone, M. (2003) Restoration of partially edentulous patients using dental implants with a microtextured surface: a prospective comparison of delayed and immediate full occlusal loading. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 18: 512-522.
10. Castellon, P., Block, M.S, Smith, M.B. & Finger, I.M. (2004) Immediate loading of the edentulous mandible: delivery of the fnal restoration or a provisional restoration - which method to use? International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 62 (Suppl. 2): 30-40.
11. Chaushu, G., Chaushu, S., Tzohar, A. & Dayan, D. (2001) Immediate loading of single-tooth implants: immediate versus non-immediate implantation. A clinical report. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 16: 167-171.
12. Chiapasco, M. (2004) Early and immediate restoration and loading of implants in completely edentulous patients. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 19 (Suppl.): 76-91.
13. Chiapasco, M., Abati, S., Romeo, E. & Vogel, G. (2001) Implant-retained mandibular ovendentures with Brånemark System MKII implants: a prospective comparative study between delayed and immediate loading. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 16: 537-546.
14. Chiapasco, M. & Gatti, C. (2003) Implant-retained mandibular oveidentures with immediate loading: a 3- to 8-year prospective study on 328 implants. Clinical Implant Deatistiy & Related Research 5: 29-38.
15. Chow, J., Hui, E., Liu, J., Li, D., Wat, P., Li, W., Yau, Y.K. & Law, H. (2001) The Hong Kong Bridge Protocol. Immediate loading of mandibular Brånemark fixtures using a fixed provisional prosthesis: preliminary results. Clinical Implant Dentistry & Related Research 3: 166-174.
16. Cochran, D.L., Morton, D. & Weber, H.P. (2004) Consensus statements and recommended clinical procedures regarding loading protocols for endosseous dental implants. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 19 (Suppl.): 109-113.
17. Cooper, L., De Kok, I.J., Reside, G.J., Pungpapong, P. & Rojas-Vizcaya, F. (2005) Immediate fixed restoration of the edentulous maxilla after implant placement. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 63 (9 Suppl. 2): 97-110.
18. Cornelini, R., Cangini, F., Covani, U., Barone, A. & Buser, D. (2004) Immediate restoration of single-tooth implants in mandibular molar sites: a 12-month preliminary report. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 19: 855-860.
19. Degidi, M. & Piattelli, A. (2003) Immediate functional and non-functional loading of dental implants: a 2- to 60-month follow-up study of 646 titanium implants Journal of Periodontology 74: 225-241.
20. Degidi, M. & Piattelli, A. (2005) 7-year follow-up of 93 immediately loaded titanium dental implants. Journal of Oral Implantology 31: 25-31.
21. Ericsson, I., Nilson, H., Lindh, T., Nilner, K. & Randow, K. (2000) Immediate functional loading of Brånemark single tooth implants. An 18 months' clinical pilot follow-up study. Clinical Oral Implants Research 11: 26-33.
22. Esposito, M., Worthington, H.V., Thomsen, P. & Coulthard, P. (2004) Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different times for loading dental implants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3): CD003878.
23. Ganeles, J. & Wismeijer, D. (2004) Early and immediately restored and loaded dental implants for single-tooth and partial-arch applications. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 19 (Suppl.): 92-102.
24. Gapski, R., Wang, H.L., Mascarenhas, P. & Lang, N.P. (2003) Critical review of immediate implant loading. Clinical Oral Implants Research 14: 515-527.
25. Gatti, C. & Chiapasco, M. (2002) Immediate loading of Brånemark implants: a 24-month follow-up of a comparative prospective pilot study between mandibular overdentures supported by Conical transmucosal and standard MK II implants. Clinical Implant Dentistry a) Related Research 4: 190-199.
26. Gatti, C., Haefliger, W. & Chiapasco, M. (2000) Implant-retained mandibular overdentures with immediate loading: a prospective study of ITI implants. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 15: 383-388.
27. Glauser, R., Ruhstaller, P., Windisch, S., Zembic, A., Lundgren, A., Gottlow, J. & Hämmede, C.H. (2005) Immediate occlusal loading of Brånemark System TiUnite implants placed predominantly in soft bone: 4-year results of a prospective clinical study. Clinical Implant Dentistry & Related Research 7 (Suppl. 1): S52-S59.
28. Henry, P. & Rosenberg, I. (1994) Single-stage surgery for rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible: preliminary results. Practical Procedures in Aesthetic Dentistry 6: 15-22.
29. Henry, P.J., van Steenberghe, D., Blomback, U., Polizzi, G., Rosenberg, R., Urgell, J.P. & Wendelhag, I. (2003) Prospective multicenter study on immediate rehabilitation of edentulous lower jaws according to the Brånemark Novum protocol. Clinical Implant Dentistry & Related Research 5: 137-142.
30. Hui, E., Chow, J., Li, D., Liu, J., Wat, P. & Law, H. (2001) Immediate provisional for single-tooth implant replacement with Brånemark system: preliminary report. Clinical Implant Dentistry & Related Research 3: 79-86.
31. Ibanez, J.C. & Jalbout, Z.N. (2002) Immediate loading of Osseotite implants: two-year results. Implant Dentistry 11: 128-136.
32. Ibanez, J.C., Tahhan, M.J., Zamar, J.A., Menendez, A.B., Juaneda, A.M., Zamar, N.J. & Monqaut, J.L. (2005) Immediate osslusal loading of double acid-etched surface titanium implants in 41 consecutive full-arch cases in the mandible and maxilla: 6- to 74-month results. Journal of Periodontology 76: 1972-1981.
33. Ioannidou, E. & Doufexi, A. (2005) Does loading time affect implant survival. A meta-analysis of 1,266 implants. Journal of Periodontology 76: 1252-1258.
34. Jaffin, R.A., Kumar, A. & Berman, C.L. (2004) Immediate loading of dental implants in the completely edentulous maxilla: a clinical report, International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 19: 721-730.
35. Kan, J.Y., Rungcharassaeng, K. & Lozada, J. (2003) Immediate placement and provisionalization of maxillary anterior single implants: 1-year prospective study. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 18: 31-39.
36. Lazzara, R.J., Testori, T., Meltzer, A., Misch, C., Porter, S., del Castillo, R. & Goene, R.J. (2004) Immediate Occlusal Loading (IOL) of dental implants: predictable results through DIEM guidelines. Practical Procedures in Aesthetic Dentistry 16: 3-15.
37. Ledermann, P.D. (1979) Stegprothetische Versorgung des zahnlosen Unterkiefers mit Hilfe von plasmabeschichteten Titanschraubenimplantaten. Deutsche Zabnäzztliche Zeitschrift 34: 3-7.
38. Ledermann, P.D., Schenk, R. & Buser, D. (1999) Long-lasting osseointegration of immediately loaded bar-connected TPS screws after 12 years of function: a histologic case report of a 95-year-old patient. International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry 18: 553-556.
39. Lekholm, U. (2003) Immediate/early loading of oral implants in compromised patients. Periodontology 2000 33: 194-203.
40. Lorenzoni, M., Pertl, C., Zhang, K., Wimmer, G. & Wegscheider, W.A. (2003) Immediate loading of single-tooth implants in the anterior maxilla. Preliminary results after one year. Clinical Oral Implants Research 14: 180-187.
41. Maniatopoulos, C., Pilliar, R.M., & Smith, D.C. (1986) Threaded versus porous-surfaced designs for implant stabilization in bone-endodontic implant model. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 20: 1309-1333.
42. Misch, C.E., Hahn, J., Judy, K.W., Lemons, J.E., Linkow, L.I., Lozada, J.L., Mills, E., Misch, C.M., Salama, H., Sharawy, M., Testori, T. & Wang, H.L. (2004a) Immediate function consensus conference, workshop guidelines on immediate loading in implant dentistry. November 7, 2003. Journal of Oral Implantology 30: 283-288.
43. Misch, C.E., Wang, H.L., Misch, C.M., Sharawy, M., Lemons, J. & Judy, K.W. (2004b) Rationale for the application of immediate load in implant dentistry: part II. Implant Dentistry 13: 310-321.
44. Morton, D., Jaffin, R. & Weber, H.P. (2004) Immediate restoration and loading of dental implants: clinical considerations and protocols. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 19 (Suppl.): 103-108.
45. Nikellis, I., Levi, A. & Nicolopoulos, C. (2004) Immediate loading of 190 endosseous dental implants: a prospective observational study of 40 patient treatments with up to 2-year data. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 19: 116-123.
46. Nkenke, E., Fenner, M., Vairaktaris, E.G., Neukam, F.W. & Radespiel-Troger, M. (2005a) Immediate versus delayed loading of dental implants in the maxillae of minipigs. Part II: histomorphometric analysis. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 20: 540-546.
47. Nkenke, E., Lehner, B., Fenner, M., Roman, F.S., Thams, U., Neukam, F.W. & Radespiel-Troger, M. (2005b) Immediate versus delayed loading of dental implants in the maxillae of minipigs: follow-up of implant stability and implant failures. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 20: 39-47.
48. Nkenke, E., Lehner, B., Weinzierl, K., Thams, U., Neugebauer, J., Steveling, H., Radespiel-Troger, M. & Neukam, F.W. (2003) Bone contact, growth, and density around immediately loaded implants in the mandible of mini pigs. Clinical Oral Implants Research 14: 312-321.
49. Östman, P.O., Hellman, M. & Sennerby, L. (2005) Direct implant loading in the edentulous maxilla using a bone density-adapted surgical protocol and primary implant stability criteria for inclusion. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 7 (Suppl 1): S60-S69.
50. Penarrocha, M., Uribe, R. & Balaguer, J. (2004) Immediate implants after extraction. A review of the current situation. Medicina Oral 9: 234-242.
51. Piattelli, A., Paolantonio, M., Corigliano, M. & Scarano, A. (1997) Immediate loading of titanium plasma-sprayed screw-shaped implants in man: a clinical and histological report of two cases. Journal of Periodontology 68: 591-597.
52. Pilliar, R.M., Lee, J.M. & Maniatopoulos, C. (1986) Observations on the effect of movement on bone ingrowth into porous-surfaced implants. Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research 208: 108-113.
53. Proussaefs, P., Kan, J., Lozada, J., Kleinman, A. & Famos, A. (2002) Effects of immediate loading with threaded hydroxyapatite-coated root-form implants on single premolar replacements: a preliminary report. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 17: 567-572.
54. Proussaefs, P. & Lozada, J. (2004) Immediate loading of hydroxyapatite-coated implants in the maxillary premolar area: three-year results of a pilot study. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 91: 228-233.
55. Rocci, A., Martignoni, M., Burgos, P.M. & Gottlow, J. (2003a) Histology of retrieved immediately and early loaded oxidized implants: light microscopic observations after 5 to 9 months of loading in the posterior mandible. Clinical Implant Dentistry & Related Research 5 (Suppl. 1): 88-98.
56. Rocci, A., Martignoni, M. & Gottlow, J. (2003b) Immediate loading of Brånemark System TiUnite and machined-surface implants in the posterior mandible: a randomized open-ended clinical trial. Clinical Implant Dentistry & Related Research 5 (Suppl. 1): 57-63.
57. Romanos, G.E. & Johansson, C.B. (2005) Immediate loading with complete implant-supported re storations in an edentulous heavy smoker: histologic and histomorphometric analyses. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 20: 282-290.
58. Romanos, G.E., Toh, C.G., Siar, C.H., Swaminathan, D., Ong, A.H., Donath, K., Yaacob, H. & Nentwig, G.H. (2001) Peri-implant bone reactions to immediately loaded implants. An experimental study in monkeys. Journal of Periodontology 72: 506-511.
59. Romeo, E., Chiapasco, M., Lazza, A., Casentini, P., Ghisolfi, M., Iorio, M. & Vogel, G. (2002) Implant-retained mandibular overdentures with ITI implants. Clinical Oral Implants Research 13: 495-501.
60. Rungcharassaeng, K., Lozada, J.L., Kan, J.Y., Kim, J.S., Campagni, W.V. & Munoz, C.A. (2002) Peri-implant tissue response of immediately loaded, threaded, HA-coated implants: 1-year results. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 87: 173-181.
61. Siar, C.H., Toh, C.G., Swaminathan, D., Ong, A.H., Yaacob, H. & Nentwig, G. H. (2003) Peri-implant soft tissue integration of immediately loaded implants in the posterior macaque mandible: a histomorphometric study. Journal of Periodontology 74: 571-578.
62. Stricker, A., Gutwald, R., Schmelzeisen, R. & Gellrich, N.G. (2004) Immediate loading of 2 interforaminal dental implants supporting an overdenture: clinical and radiographic results after 24 months. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 19: 868-872.
63. Szmukler-Moncler, S., Piattelli, A., Favero, G.A. & Duhruille, J.H. (2000) Considerations preliminary to the application of early and immediate loading protocols in dental implantology. Clinical Oral Implants Research 11: 12-25.
64. Szmukler-Moncler, S., Salama, H., Reingewirtz, Y. & Duhruille, J.H. (1998) Timing of loading and effect of micromotion on bone-dental implant interface: review of experimental literature. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 43: 192-203.
65. Testori, T., Bianchi, F., Del Fabbro, M., Szmukler-Moncler, S., Francetti, L. & Weinstein, R.L. (2003) Immediate non-ocdusal loading versus early loading in partially edentulous patients. Practical Procedures in Aesthetic Dentistry 15: 787-794.
66. Testori, T., Del Fabhro, M., Galli, F., Francetti, L., Taschieri, S. & Weinstein, R. (2004a) Immediate occlusal loading the same day or the day after implant placement: comparison of 2 different time frames in totally edentulous lower jaws. Journal of Oral Implantology 30: 307-313.
67. Testori, T., Meltzer, A., Del Fabbro, M., Zuffetti, F., Troiano, M., Francetti, L. & Weinstein, R.L. (2004b) Immediate occlusal loading of Osseotite implants in the lower edentulous jaw. A multi-center prospective study. Clinical Oral Implants Research 15: 278-284.
68. Uribe, R., Penarrocha, M., Balaguer, J. & Fulgueiras, N. (2005) Immediate loading in oral implants. Present situation. Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirurga Bucal 10 (Suppl. 2): E143-E153.
69. van Steenberghe, D., Glauser, R., Blomback, U., Andersson, M., Schutyser, F., Pettersson, A. & Wendelhag, I. (2005) A computed tomographic scan-derived customized surgical template and fixed prosthesis for Hapless surgery and immediate loading of implants in fully edentulous maxillae: a prospective multicenter study. Clinical Implant Dentistry & Related Research 7 (Suppl. 1): S111-S120.
70. van Steenbeighe, D., Molly, L., Jacobs, R., Vandekerckhove, B., Quirynen, M. & Naert, I. (2004) The immediate rehabilitation by means of a ready-made final fixed pmsthesis in the edentulous mandible: a 1-year follow-up study on 50 consecutive patients. Clinical Oral Implants Research 15: 360-365.
71. Wöhrle, P.S. (1998) Single-tooth replacement in the aesthetic zone with immediate provisionalization: fourteen consecutive case reports. Practical Periodontics and Aesthetic Dentistry 10: 1107-1114.