메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 12, 2006, Pages 5225-5246

Radiative forcing by aerosols as derived from the AeroCom present-day and pre-industrial simulations

(23)  Schulz, M a   Textor, C a   Kinne, S b   Balkanski, Y a   Bauer, S c   Berntsen, T d   Berglen, T d   Boucher, O e,k   Dentener, F f   Guibert, S a   Isaksen, I S A d   Iversen, T d   Koch, D c   Kirkevag A d   Liu, X g,l   Montanaro, V h   Myhre, G d   Penner, J E g   Pitari, G h   Reddy, S i   more..


Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; ALBEDO; ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; ATMOSPHERIC FORCING; CLEAR SKY; CLOUD COVER; ENERGY BUDGET; RADIATIVE FORCING; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SIMULATION;

EID: 33746891396     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-6-5225-2006     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (508)

References (69)
  • 1
    • 0035045898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General circulation model assessment of direct radiative forcing by the sulphate-nitrate-ammonium-water inorganic aerosol system
    • Adams, P. J., Seinfeld, J. H., Koch, D., Mickley, L., and Jacob, D.: General circulation model assessment of direct radiative forcing by the sulphate-nitrate-ammonium-water inorganic aerosol system, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106(D1), 1097-1111, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res.-atmos. , vol.106 , Issue.D1 , pp. 1097-1111
    • Adams, P.J.1    Seinfeld, J.H.2    Koch, D.3    Mickley, L.4    Jacob, D.5
  • 3
    • 33751183776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reevaluation of mineral aerosol radiative forcings suggests a better agreement with satellite and AERONET data
    • Balkanski, Y., Schulz, M., Claquin, T., and Guibert, S.: Reevaluation of mineral aerosol radiative forcings suggests a better agreement with satellite and AERONET data, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.,6, 8383-8419, 2006.
    • (2006) Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. , vol.6 , pp. 8383-8419
    • Balkanski, Y.1    Schulz, M.2    Claquin, T.3    Guibert, S.4
  • 4
    • 27144469949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of heterogeneous sulphate formation at mineral dust surfaces on aerosol loads and radiative forcing in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model
    • doi:10.1029/2005JD005870
    • Bauer S. E. and Koch, D.: Impact of heterogeneous sulphate formation at mineral dust surfaces on aerosol loads and radiative forcing in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D17202, doi:10.1029/2005JD005870, 2005.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.110
    • Bauer, S.E.1    Koch, D.2
  • 6
    • 29244491714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global estimate of aerosol direct radiative forcing from satellite measurements
    • Bellouin, N., Boucher, O., Haywood, J., and Reddy, M. S.: Global estimate of aerosol direct radiative forcing from satellite measurements, Nature, 438(7071), 1138-1141, 2005.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.438 , Issue.7071 , pp. 1138-1141
    • Bellouin, N.1    Boucher, O.2    Haywood, J.3    Reddy, M.S.4
  • 7
    • 10644266088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global model of the coupled sulfur/oxidant chemistry in the troposphere: The sulfur cycle
    • doi:10.1029/2003JD003948
    • Berglen, T. F., Berntsen, T. K., Isaksen, I. S. A., and Sundet, J. K.: A global model of the coupled sulfur/oxidant chemistry in the troposphere: The sulfur cycle, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D19310, doi:10.1029/2003JD003948, 2004.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109
    • Berglen, T.F.1    Berntsen, T.K.2    Isaksen, I.S.A.3    Sundet, J.K.4
  • 8
    • 85041138775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A technology-based global inventory of black and organic carbon emissions from combustion
    • doi:10.1029/2003JD003697
    • Bond, T. C., Streets, D. G., Yarber, K. F., Nelson, S. M., Woo, J., and Klimont, Z.: A technology-based global inventory of black and organic carbon emissions from combustion, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D14203, doi:10.1029/ 2003JD003697, 2004.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109
    • Bond, T.C.1    Streets, D.G.2    Yarber, K.F.3    Nelson, S.M.4    Woo, J.5    Klimont, Z.6
  • 9
    • 0036558495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History of sulphate aerosol radiative forcings
    • Boucher, O. and Pham, M.: History of sulphate aerosol radiative forcings, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(9), 22-25, 2002.
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.29 , Issue.9 , pp. 22-25
    • Boucher, O.1    Pham, M.2
  • 11
    • 36448982496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global distribution and climate forcing of carbonaceous aerosols
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD001397
    • Chung, S. H. and Seinfeld, J. H.: Global distribution and climate forcing of carbonaceous aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D19), 4407, doi:10.1029/2001JD001397, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , Issue.D19 , pp. 4407
    • Chung, S.H.1    Seinfeld, J.H.2
  • 13
    • 13244267363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saharan dust events at the Jungfraujoch: Detection by wavelength dependence of the single scattering albedo and first climatology analysis
    • Coen, M. C., Weingartner, E., Schaub, D., Hueglin, C., Corrigan, C., Henning, S., Schwikowski, M., and Baltensperger, U.: Saharan dust events at the Jungfraujoch: detection by wavelength dependence of the single scattering albedo and first climatology analysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2465-2480, 2004, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/4/2465/2004/.
    • (2004) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.4 , pp. 2465-2480
    • Coen, M.C.1    Weingartner, E.2    Schaub, D.3    Hueglin, C.4    Corrigan, C.5    Henning, S.6    Schwikowski, M.7    Baltensperger, U.8
  • 14
    • 0033610132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Construction of a 1°×1° fossil fuel emission data set for carbonaceous aerosol and implementation and radiative impact in the ECHAM4 model
    • Cooke, W. F., Liousse, C., Cachier, H., and Feichter, J.: Construction of a 1°×1° fossil fuel emission data set for carbonaceous aerosol and implementation and radiative impact in the ECHAM4 model, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 22 137-22 162, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104
    • Cooke, W.F.1    Liousse, C.2    Cachier, H.3    Feichter, J.4
  • 19
    • 0034548018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of the direct and indirect radiative forcing due to tropospheric aerosols: A review
    • Haywood, J. and Boucher, O.: Estimates of the direct and indirect radiative forcing due to tropospheric aerosols: A review, Rev. Geophys., 38, 513-543, 2000.
    • (2000) Rev. Geophys. , vol.38 , pp. 513-543
    • Haywood, J.1    Boucher, O.2
  • 20
    • 0742321575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiative properties and direct radiative effect of Saharan dust measured by the C-130 aircraft during SHADE: 1. Solar spectrum
    • doi:10.1029/2002JD002687
    • Haywood, J., Francis, P., Osborne, S., Glew, M., Loeb, N., Highwood, E., Tanre, D., Myhre, G., Formenti, P., and Hirst, E.: Radiative properties and direct radiative effect of Saharan dust measured by the C-130 aircraft during SHADE: 1. Solar spectrum, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8577, doi:10.1029/2002JD002687, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 8577
    • Haywood, J.1    Francis, P.2    Osborne, S.3    Glew, M.4    Loeb, N.5    Highwood, E.6    Tanre, D.7    Myhre, G.8    Formenti, P.9    Hirst, E.10
  • 21
    • 1342290967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of ACE-Asia: Strategies for quantifying the relationships between Asian aerosols and their climatic impacts
    • Huebert, B. J., Bates, T., Russell, P. B., Shi, O., Kim, Y. J., Kawamura, K., Carmichael, G., and Nakajima, T.: An overview of ACE-Asia: Strategies for quantifying the relationships between Asian aerosols and their climatic impacts, J. Geophys. Res., 108, ACE 1-1-ACE 1-20, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108
    • Huebert, B.J.1    Bates, T.2    Russell, P.B.3    Shi, O.4    Kim, Y.J.5    Kawamura, K.6    Carmichael, G.7    Nakajima, T.8
  • 22
    • 0000123808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change 2001: The scientific basis
    • IPCC: edited by: Houghton, J. T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D. J., Noguer, M., van der Linden, P. J., Dai, X., Maskell, K., and Johnson, C. A., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
    • IPCC: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), edited by: Houghton, J. T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D. J., Noguer, M., van der Linden, P. J., Dai, X., Maskell, K., and Johnson, C. A., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 881 pp., 2001.
    • (2001) Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
  • 23
    • 36448992308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A scheme for process-tagged SO4 and BC aerosols in NCAR CCM3: Validation and sensitivity to cloud processes
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD000885
    • Iversen, T. and Seland, O.: A scheme for process-tagged SO4 and BC aerosols in NCAR CCM3: Validation and sensitivity to cloud processes, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D24), 4751, doi:10.1029/2001JD000885, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , Issue.D24 , pp. 4751
    • Iversen, T.1    Seland, O.2
  • 24
    • 0035053073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global direct radiative forcing due to multicomponent anthropogenic and natural aerosols
    • Jacobson, M. Z.: Global direct radiative forcing due to multicomponent anthropogenic and natural aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106(D2), 1551-1568, 2001a.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res.-atmos. , vol.106 , Issue.D2 , pp. 1551-1568
    • Jacobson, M.Z.1
  • 25
    • 0035825677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of black carbon in atmospheric aerosols
    • Jacobson, M. Z.: Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of black carbon in atmospheric aerosols, Nature, 409, 695-697, 2001b.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.409 , pp. 695-697
    • Jacobson, M.Z.1
  • 26
    • 17644411455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: A review
    • Kanakidou, M., Seinfeld, J. H., Pandis, S. N., et al.: Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, 2005, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/1053/2005/.
    • (2005) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.5 , pp. 1053-1123
    • Kanakidou, M.1    Seinfeld, J.H.2    Pandis, S.N.3
  • 28
    • 0035870395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absorption of sunlight by dust as inferred from satellite and ground-based remote sensing
    • Kaufman, Y. J., Tam, D., Dubovik, O., Karnieli, A., and Remer, L. A.: Absorption of sunlight by dust as inferred from satellite and ground-based remote sensing, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1479-1482, 2001.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , pp. 1479-1482
    • Kaufman, Y.J.1    Tam, D.2    Dubovik, O.3    Karnieli, A.4    Remer, L.A.5
  • 29
    • 0033792612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiative forcing due to sulphate aerosols from simulations with the national center for atmospheric research community climate model, version 3
    • Kiehl, J. T., Schneider, T. L., Rasch, P. J., Barth, M. C., and Wong, J.: Radiative forcing due to sulphate aerosols from simulations with the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model, Version 3, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105(D1), 1441-1457, 2000.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res.-atmos. , vol.105 , Issue.D1 , pp. 1441-1457
    • Kiehl, J.T.1    Schneider, T.L.2    Rasch, P.J.3    Barth, M.C.4    Wong, J.5
  • 31
    • 36448964207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global direct radiative forcing by process-parameterized aerosol optical properties
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD000886
    • Kirkevag, A. and Iversen, T.: Global direct radiative forcing by process-parameterized aerosol optical properties, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107(D20), 4433, doi:10.1029/2001JD000886, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res.-atmos. , vol.107 , Issue.D20 , pp. 4433
    • Kirkevag, A.1    Iversen, T.2
  • 32
    • 71149111956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revised schemes for optical parameters and cloud condensation nuclei in CCM-Oslo
    • Section for Meteorology and Oceanography, Department of Geosciences, Oslo, Norway
    • Kirkevåg, A., Iversen, T., Seland, O., and Kristjansson, J. E.: Revised schemes for optical parameters and cloud condensation nuclei in CCM-Oslo, Institute Report Series No. 128, Section for Meteorology and Oceanography, Department of Geosciences, Oslo, Norway, 2005.
    • (2005) Institute Report Series No. 128
    • Kirkevåg, A.1    Iversen, T.2    Seland, O.3    Kristjansson, J.E.4
  • 33
    • 0034778067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transport and direct radiative forcing of carbonaceous and sulphate aerosols in the GISS GCM
    • Koch, D.: Transport and direct radiative forcing of carbonaceous and sulphate aerosols in the GISS GCM, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106(D17), 20311-20332, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res.-atmos. , vol.106 , Issue.D17 , pp. 20311-20332
    • Koch, D.1
  • 34
    • 33646418381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulfur, sea salt and radionuclide aerosols in GISS, ModelE
    • doi:10.1029/2004JD005550
    • Koch, D., Schmidt, G. A., and Field, C.: Sulfur, sea salt and radionuclide aerosols in GISS, ModelE, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D06206, doi:10.1029/2004JD005550, 2006.
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.111
    • Koch, D.1    Schmidt, G.A.2    Field, C.3
  • 35
    • 7044269659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global radiative forcing of coupled tropospheric ozone and aerosols in a unified general circulation model
    • doi:10.1029/2003JD004456
    • Liao, H., Seinfeld, J. H., Adams, P. J., and Mickley, L. J.: Global radiative forcing of coupled tropospheric ozone and aerosols in a unified general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109(D16), D16207, doi:10.1029/2003JD004456, 2004.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res.-atmos. , vol.109 , Issue.D16
    • Liao, H.1    Seinfeld, J.H.2    Adams, P.J.3    Mickley, L.J.4
  • 36
    • 27744539077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global impacts of gas-phase chemistry-aerosol interactions on direct radiative forcing by anthropogenic aerosols and ozone
    • doi: 10.1029/2005JD005907
    • Liao, H. and Seinfeld, J.: Global impacts of gas-phase chemistry-aerosol interactions on direct radiative forcing by anthropogenic aerosols and ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 110(D18), D18208, doi: 10.1029/2005JD005907, 2005.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.110 , Issue.D18
    • Liao, H.1    Seinfeld, J.2
  • 37
    • 18544400972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can aerosols spin down the water cycle in a warmer and moister world?
    • doi:10.1029/2003GL019060
    • Liepert, B. G., Feichter, J., Lohmann, U., and Roeckner, E.: Can aerosols spin down the water cycle in a warmer and moister world?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31(6), L06207, doi:10.1029/2003GL019060, 2004.
    • (2004) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.31 , Issue.6
    • Liepert, B.G.1    Feichter, J.2    Lohmann, U.3    Roeckner, E.4
  • 38
  • 39
    • 27744484505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global simulation of aerosol dynamics: Model description, evaluation, and interactions between sulphate and nonsulphate aerosols
    • doi: 10.1029/2004JD005674
    • Liu, X., Penner, J. E., and Herzog, M.: Global simulation of aerosol dynamics: Model description, evaluation, and interactions between sulphate and nonsulphate aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 110(D18), D18206, doi: 10.1029/2004JD005674, 2005.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.110 , Issue.D18
    • Liu, X.1    Penner, J.E.2    Herzog, M.3
  • 40
    • 17044456340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Mt. Pinatubo H2SO4/H2O aerosol on ice nucleation in the upper troposphere using a global chemistry and transport model (IMPACT)
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD000455
    • Liu, X. and Penner, J. E.: Effect of Mt. Pinatubo H2SO4/H2O aerosol on ice nucleation in the upper troposphere using a global chemistry and transport model (IMPACT), J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4141, doi:10.1029/2001JD000455, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , pp. 4141
    • Liu, X.1    Penner, J.E.2
  • 41
    • 14544307872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comment on Tegen et al. 2004, on the "Relative importance of climate and land use in determining present and future global soil dust emissions"
    • doi:10.1029/2004GL021272
    • Mahowald, N. M., Rivera, G. C., and Luo, C.: Comment on Tegen et al. 2004, on the "Relative importance of climate and land use in determining present and future global soil dust emissions", Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L24105, doi:10.1029/2004GL021272, 2004.
    • (2004) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.31
    • Mahowald, N.M.1    Rivera, G.C.2    Luo, C.3
  • 42
    • 0347478128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A less dusty future'?
    • doi:10.1029/2003GL017880
    • Mahowald, N. M. and Luo, C.: A less dusty future'?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(17), 1903, doi:10.1029/2003GL017880, 2003.
    • (2003) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.30 , Issue.17 , pp. 1903
    • Mahowald, N.M.1    Luo, C.2
  • 43
    • 3242705701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the physical state of tropospheric ammonium-sulphate-nitrate particles on global aerosol direct radiative forcing
    • Martin, S. T., Hung, H. M., Park, R. J., Jacob, D. J., Spurr, R. J. D., Chance, K. V., and Chin, M.: Effects of the physical state of tropospheric ammonium-sulphate-nitrate particles on global aerosol direct radiative forcing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 183-214, 2004, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/4/183/2004/ .
    • (2004) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.4 , pp. 183-214
    • Martin, S.T.1    Hung, H.M.2    Park, R.J.3    Jacob, D.J.4    Spurr, R.J.D.5    Chance, K.V.6    Chin, M.7
  • 44
    • 0037183904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate effects of black carbon aerosols in China and India
    • Menon, S., Hansen, J., Nazarenko, L., and Luo, Y. F.: Climate effects of black carbon aerosols in China and India, Science, 297(5590), 2250-2253, 2002.
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , Issue.5590 , pp. 2250-2253
    • Menon, S.1    Hansen, J.2    Nazarenko, L.3    Luo, Y.F.4
  • 45
    • 28844435451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct radiative forcing of anthropogenic organic aerosol
    • doi:10.1029/2004JD00553
    • Ming, Y., Ramaswamy, V., Ginoux, P. A., and Horowitz, L. W.: Direct Radiative Forcing of Anthropogenic Organic Aerosol, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D20208, doi:10.1029/2004JD00553, 2005.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.110
    • Ming, Y.1    Ramaswamy, V.2    Ginoux, P.A.3    Horowitz, L.W.4
  • 46
    • 18344400130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of the control of summer atmospheric transport of African dust over the Atlantic by Sahel sources from TOMS satellites (1979-2000)
    • doi:10.1029/2003GL018931
    • Moulin, C. and Chiapello, I.: Evidence of the control of summer atmospheric transport of African dust over the Atlantic by Sahel sources from TOMS satellites (1979-2000), Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L02107, doi:10.1029/2003GL018931, 2004.
    • (2004) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.31
    • Moulin, C.1    Chiapello, I.2
  • 47
    • 0742304848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the solar radiative impact of aerosols from biomass burning during the Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI-2000) experiment
    • doi:10.1029/2002JD002313
    • Myhre, G., Berntsen, T. K., Haywood, J. M., Sundet, J. K., Holben, B. N., Johnsrud, M., and Stordal, F.: Modelling the solar radiative impact of aerosols from biomass burning during the Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI-2000) experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8501, doi:10.1029/2002JD002313, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 8501
    • Myhre, G.1    Berntsen, T.K.2    Haywood, J.M.3    Sundet, J.K.4    Holben, B.N.5    Johnsrud, M.6    Stordal, F.7
  • 48
    • 1942516816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainties in the radiative forcing due to sulphate aerosols
    • Myhre, G., Stordal, F., Berglen, T. F., Sundet, J. K., and Isaksen, I. S. A.: Uncertainties in the radiative forcing due to sulphate aerosols, J. Atmos. Sci., 61(5), 485-498, 2004.
    • (2004) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.61 , Issue.5 , pp. 485-498
    • Myhre, G.1    Stordal, F.2    Berglen, T.F.3    Sundet, J.K.4    Isaksen, I.S.A.5
  • 49
    • 0036328636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of future climate and emissions changes on stratospheric aerosols and ozone
    • Pitari, G., Mancini, E., Rizi, V., and Shindell, D. T.: Impact of future climate and emissions changes on stratospheric aerosols and ozone, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 414-440, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.59 , pp. 414-440
    • Pitari, G.1    Mancini, E.2    Rizi, V.3    Shindell, D.T.4
  • 52
    • 5444253144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of the global cycle of carbonaceous aerosols in the LMDZT general circulation model
    • doi: 10.1029/2003JD004048
    • Reddy, M. S. and Boucher, O.: A study of the global cycle of carbonaceous aerosols in the LMDZT general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 109(D14), D14202, doi: 10.1029/2003JD004048, 2004.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109 , Issue.D14
    • Reddy, M.S.1    Boucher, O.2
  • 53
    • 21444437464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosol optical depths and direct radiative perturbations by species and source type
    • doi:10.1029/2004GL021743
    • Reddy, M. S., Boucher, O., Balkanski, Y., and Schulz, M.: Aerosol optical depths and direct radiative perturbations by species and source type, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L12803, doi:10.1029/2004GL021743, 2005a.
    • (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.32
    • Reddy, M.S.1    Boucher, O.2    Balkanski, Y.3    Schulz, M.4
  • 54
    • 21444459750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of global multicomponent aerosol optical depth and direct radiative perturbation in the Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique general circulation model
    • doi:10.1029/2004JD004757
    • Reddy, M. S., Boucher, O., Bellouin, N., Schulz, M., Balkanski, Y., Dufresne, J. L., and Pham, M.: Estimates of global multicomponent aerosol optical depth and direct radiative perturbation in the Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110(D10), D10S16, doi:10.1029/2004JD004757, 2005b.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res.-atmos. , vol.110 , Issue.D10
    • Reddy, M.S.1    Boucher, O.2    Bellouin, N.3    Schulz, M.4    Balkanski, Y.5    Dufresne, J.L.6    Pham, M.7
  • 55
    • 0034016254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biogenic and pyrogenic emissions from Africa and their Impact on the global atmosphere
    • Scholes, M. and Andreae, M. O.: Biogenic and Pyrogenic Emissions from Africa and their Impact on the Global Atmosphere, Ambio, 29, 23-29, 2000.
    • (2000) Ambio , vol.29 , pp. 23-29
    • Scholes, M.1    Andreae, M.O.2
  • 56
    • 0035912292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global dimming: A review of the evi dence for a widespread and significant reduction in global radiation with discussion of its probable causes and possible agricultural consequences
    • Stanhill, G. and Cohen, S.: Global dimming: a review of the evi dence for a widespread and significant reduction in global radiation with discussion of its probable causes and possible agricultural consequences, Agric. Forest Meteorol., 107(4), 255-278, 2001.
    • (2001) Agric. Forest Meteorol. , vol.107 , Issue.4 , pp. 255-278
    • Stanhill, G.1    Cohen, S.2
  • 58
    • 33751198307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of nonabsorbing anthropogenic aerosols on clearsky atmospheric absorption
    • doi:10.1029/2006JD007147
    • Stier, P., Seinfeld, J. H., Kinne, S., Feichter, J., and Boucher, O.: Impact of nonabsorbing anthropogenic aerosols on clearsky atmospheric absorption, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D18201, doi:10.1029/2006JD007147, 2006.
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.111
    • Stier, P.1    Seinfeld, J.H.2    Kinne, S.3    Feichter, J.4    Boucher, O.5
  • 59
    • 33748802514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emission-induced nonlinearities in the global aerosol system: Results from the ECHAM5-HAM aerosol-climate model
    • doi:10.1175/JCLI3772
    • Stier, P., Feichter, J., Kloster, S., Vignati, E., and Wilson, J.: Emission-Induced Nonlinearities in the Global Aerosol System: Results from the ECHAM5-HAM Aerosol-Climate Model, J. Climate, 19, 3845-3862, doi:10.1175/JCLI3772, 2006.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 3845-3862
    • Stier, P.1    Feichter, J.2    Kloster, S.3    Vignati, E.4    Wilson, J.5
  • 60
    • 0037082640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-scattering albedo and radiative forcing of various aerosol species with a global three-dimensional model
    • Takemura, T., Nakajima, T., Dubovik, O., Holben, B. N., and Kinne, S.: Single-scattering albedo and radiative forcing of various aerosol species with a global three-dimensional model, J. Climate, 15(4), 333-352, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 333-352
    • Takemura, T.1    Nakajima, T.2    Dubovik, O.3    Holben, B.N.4    Kinne, S.5
  • 61
    • 23044529419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of future aerosol distribution, radiative forcing, and long-range transport in East Asia
    • Takemura, T., Nakajima, T., Nozawa, T., and Aoki, K.: Simulation of future aerosol distribution, radiative forcing, and long-range transport in East Asia, J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan, 79(6), 1139-1155, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan , vol.79 , Issue.6 , pp. 1139-1155
    • Takemura, T.1    Nakajima, T.2    Nozawa, T.3    Aoki, K.4
  • 62
    • 16444367564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of climate response to aerosol direct and indirect effects with aerosol transport-radiation model
    • doi:10.1029/2004JD005029
    • Takemura, T., Nozawa, T., Emori, S., Nakajima, T. Y., and Nakajima, T.: Simulation of climate response to aerosol direct and indirect effects with aerosol transport-radiation model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D02202, doi:10.1029/2004JD005029, 2005.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res.-atmos. , vol.110
    • Takemura, T.1    Nozawa, T.2    Emori, S.3    Nakajima, T.Y.4    Nakajima, T.5
  • 63
    • 0029536205 scopus 로고
    • Contribution to the atmospheric mineral aerosol load from land surface modification
    • Tegen, I. and Fung, I.: Contribution to the atmospheric mineral aerosol load from land surface modification, J. Geophys. Res., 100,18707-18726, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 18707-18726
    • Tegen, I.1    Fung, I.2
  • 64
    • 2442568660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative importance of climate and land use in determining present and future global soil dust emission
    • doi:10.1029/2003GL019216
    • Tegen, I., Werner, M., Harrison, S. P., and Kohfeld, K. E.: Relative importance of climate and land use in determining present and future global soil dust emission. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L05105, doi:10.1029/2003GL019216, 2004.
    • (2004) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.31
    • Tegen, I.1    Werner, M.2    Harrison, S.P.3    Kohfeld, K.E.4
  • 66
  • 67
    • 2642575022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A modelling study on the climate impacts of black carbon aerosols
    • doi:10.1029/2003JD004084
    • Wang, C.: A modelling study on the climate impacts of black carbon aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109(D3), D03106, doi:10.1029/2003JD004084, 2004.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res.-atmos. , vol.109 , Issue.D3
    • Wang, C.1
  • 69
    • 28044449737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A normalized description of the direct effect of key aerosol types on solar radiation as estimated from aerosol robotic network aerosols and moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer albedos
    • doi: 10.1029/2005JD005909
    • Zhou, M., Yu, H., Dickinson, R. E., Dubovik, O., and Hoiben, B. N.: A normalized description of the direct effect of key aerosol types on solar radiation as estimated from Aerosol Robotic Network aerosols and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer albedos, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D19202, doi: 10.1029/2005JD005909, 2005.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.110
    • Zhou, M.1    Yu, H.2    Dickinson, R.E.3    Dubovik, O.4    Hoiben, B.N.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.