Transport and direct radiative forcing of carbonaceous and sulfate aerosols in the GISS GCM

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 106, Issue D17, 2001, Pages 20311-20332

  Koch, Dorothy ^a  

^a Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; RADIATIVE FORCING; SULFATE;

EID: 0034778067     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2001JD900038     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Bodhaine, B. A., Aerosol absorption measurements at Barrow, Mauna Loa and the south pole, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 8967-8975, 1995.
2. Blake, D. F., and K. Kato, Latitudinal distribution of black carbon soot in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 7195-7202, 1995.
3. Cachier, H., M.-P. Brémond, and P. Buat-Ménard, Thermal separation of soot carbon, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 10, 358-364, 1989.
4. Cadle, S. H., and J. M. Dasch, Wintertime concentrations and sinks of atmospheric particulate carbon at a rural location in northern Michigan, Atmos. Environ., 22, 1373-1381, 1988.
5. Castro, L. M., C. A. Pio, R. M. Harrison, and D. J. T. Smith, Carbonaceous aerosols in urban and rural European atmospheres: Estimation of secondary organic carbon concentrations, Atmos. Environ., 31, 2771-2781, 1999.
6. 2.5 compositions in California's San Joaquin Valley, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 18, 105-128, 1993.
7. 10 aerosol in the southern California air quality study, Atmos. Environ., 28, 2061-2080, 1994.
8. Cooke, W. F., and J. J. N. Wilson, A global black carbon model, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19,395-19,409, 1996.
9. Cooke, W. F., C. Liousse, H. Cachier, and J. Feichter, Construction of a 1° × 1° fossil fuel emission data set for carbonaceous aerosol and implementation and radiative impact in the ECHAM4 model, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 22,137-22,162, 1999.
10. Davidson, C. I., S.-F. Lin, J. F. Osborn, M. R. Pandey, R. A. Rasmussen, and M. A. K. Khalil, Indoor and outdoor air pollution in the Himalayas, Environ. Sci. Technol., 20, 2271-2275, 1988.
11. Dzubay, T. G., R. K. Stevens, and P. L. Haagenson, Composition and origins of aerosol at a forested mountain in Soviet Georgia, Environ. Sci. Technol., 18, 873-883, 1984.
12. Guenther, A., et al., A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 8873-8892, 1995.
13. Hansen, J., D. Johnson, A. Lacis, S. Lebedeff, P. Lee, D. Rind, and G. Russel, Climate impact of of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide, Science, 213, 957-966, 1980.
14. Hansen, J., G. Russell, D. Rind, P. Stone, A. Lacis, S. Lebedeff, R. Ruedy, and L. Travis, Efficient three-dimensional global models for climate studies: Models I and II, Mon. Weather Rev., 111, 609-662, 1983.
15. Haywood, J., and V. Ramaswamy, Global sensitivity studies of the direct radiative forcing due to anthropogenic sulfate and black carbon aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 6043-6058, 1998.
16. Haywood, J. M., D. L. Roberts, A. Slingo, J. M. Edwards, and K. P. Shine, General circulation model calculations of teh direct radiative, forcing by anthropogenic sulfate and fossil-fuel soot aerosol, J. Clim., 10, 1562-1577, 1997.
17. Heintzenberg, J., and E. Mészáros, Elemental carbon, sulfur and metals in aerosol samples at a Hungarian regional air pollution station, Idojaras, 89, 313-319, 1985.
18. Heintzenberg, J., K. Müller, W. Birmili, G. Spindler, and A Wiedensohler, Mass-related aerosol properties over the Leipzig basin, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 13,125-13,135, 1998.
19. Hobbs, P. V., An overview of the University of Washington airborne measurements and results from the Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational Experiment (TARFOX), J. Geophys. Res., 104, 2233-2238, 1999.
20. Hoffman, E. J. and R. A. Duce, The organic carbon content of marine aerosol collected on Bermuda, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 4474-4477, 1974.
21. Hoffman, E. J. and R. A. Duce, Organic carbon in marine atmospheric particulate material: Concentrations and particle size distribution, Geophys. Res. Lett., 4, 449-452, 1977.
22. Jacobson, M. Z., A physically-based treatment of elemental carbon optics: Implications for global direct forcing of aerosols, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 217-220, 2000.
23. Kettle, A. J., et al., A global database of sea surface dimethylsulfide (DMS) measurements and a procedure to predict sea surface DMS as a function of latitude, longitude and month, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 13, 394-444, 1999.
24. Koch, D., D. Jacob, I. Tegen, D. Rind, and M. Chin, Tropospheric sulfur simulation and sulfate direct radiative forcing in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 23,799-23,822, 1999.
25. Lacis, A. A., and J. E. Hansen, Parameterization for the absorption of solar radiation in the Earth's atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 118-133, 1974.
26. Liousse, C., H. Cachier, and S. G. Jennings, Optical and thermal measurements of black carbon aerosol content in different environments: Variation of the specific attenuation cross section, τ, Atmos. Environ., 27A, 1203-1211, 1993.
27. Liousse, C., J. E. Penner, C. Chuang, J. J. Walton, H. Eddieman, and H. Cachier, A global three-dimensional model study of carbonaceous aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19,411-19,432, 1996.
28. Malm, W. C., J. F. Sisler, D. Huffman, R. A. Eldred, and T. A. Cahill, Spatial and seasonal trends in particle concentration and optical extinction in the United States, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1347-1370, 1994.
29. Molnár, A., E. Mészáros, H. C. Hansson, H. Karlsson, A. Gelencsér, G. Kiss, and Z. Krivácsy, The importance of organic and elemental carbon in the fine atmospheric aerosol particles, Atmos. Environ., 33, 2745-2750, 1999.
30. Myre, G., F. Stordal, K. Restad, and I. S. A. Isaksen, Estimation of the direct radiative forcing due to sulfate and soot aerosols, Tellus, Ser. B, 50, 463-477, 1998.
31. Nakicenovic, N., et al., Emissions scenarios, A Special Report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 599 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 2000.
32. Novakov, T., D. A. Hegg, and P. V. Hobbs, Airborne measurements of carbonaceous aerosols on the East Coast of the United States, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 30,023-30,030, 1997.
33. Nyeki, S., U. Baltensperger, I. Colbeck, D. T. Jost, E. Weingartner, and H. W. Gäggeler, The Jungfraujoch high-alpine research station (3454 m) as a background continental site for the measurement of aerosol parameters, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 6097-6107, 1998.
34. Ohta, S., and T. Okita, Measurements of particulate carbon in urban and marine air in Japanese areas, Atmos. Environ., 18, 2439-2445, 1984.
35. Ohta, S., and T. Okita, A chemical characterization of atmospheric aerosol in Sapporo, Atmos. Environ., 24A, 815-822, 1990.
36. Penner, J. E., H. Eddleman, and T. Novakov, Towards the development of a global inventory of black carbon emissions, Atmos. Environ., 27A, 1277-1295, 1993.
37. Penner, J. E., C. C. Chuang, and K. Grant, Climate forcing by carbonaceous and sulfate aerosols, Clim. Dyn., 14, 839-851, 1998.
38. Pueschel, R. F., D. F. Blake, K. G. Snetsinger, A. D. A. Hansen, S. Verma, and K. Kato, Black carbon (soot) aerosol in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1659-1662, 1992.
39. Pio, C. A., L. M. Castro, M. A. Cerqueira, I. M. Santos, F. Belchior, and M. L. Salgueiro, Source assessment of particulate air pollutants measured at the southwest European coast, Atmos. Environ., 30, 3309-3320, 1996.
40. Rind, D., and J. Lerner, The use of on-line tracers as a diagnostic tool in GCM model development, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 12,667-12,683, 1996.
41. Saxena, P., and L. M. Hildemann, Water soluble organics in atmospheric particles: A critical review of the literature and applications of thermodynamics to identify candidate compounds, J. Atmos. Chem., 24, 57-109, 1996.
42. Smith, D. J. T., R. M. Harrison, L. Luhana, C. A. Pio, L. M. Castro, M. N. Tario, S. Hayat, and T. Quraishi, Concentrations of particulate airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals collected in Lahore, Pakistan, Atmos. Environ., 30, 4031-4040, 1996.
43. Tegen, I., D. Koch, A. A. Lacis, and M. Sato, Towards a global aerosol climatology: Preliminary trends in tropospheric aerosol amounts and corresponding impact on radiative forcing between 1950 and 1990, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 26,971-26,990, 2000.
44. Valaoras, G., J. J. Huntzicker, and W. H. White, On the contribution of motor vehicles to the Athenian "nephos": An application of factor signatures, Atmos. Environ., 22, 965-971, 1988.
45. Viisanen, Y., J. Hatakka, S. Ahonen, and M. Kulmala, Measurement of particulate carbon in atmospheric aerosol in Helsinki, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 10, 224-229, 1989.
46. Wolff, E. W., and H. Cachier, Concentrations and seasonal cycle of black carbon in aerosol at a coastal Antarctic station, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 11,033-11,041, 1998.
47. x and aerosol species on Bermuda, Atmos. Environ., 20, 1229-1239, 1986.