메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 91, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 154-170

Discrepancies between explicit and implicit self-concepts: Consequences for information processing

Author keywords

Attitude change; Discrepancy; Explicit implicit; Persuasion; Self

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; AWARENESS; CONTROL; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; HUMAN; MOTIVATION; PERSONAL CONSTRUCT THEORY; PERSONALITY TEST; PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SELF CONCEPT; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; STUDENT;

EID: 33746353698     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.91.1.154     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (189)

References (117)
  • 2
    • 0002194274 scopus 로고
    • Symbolic psycho-logic: A model of attitudinal cognition
    • Abelson, R. P., & Rosenberg, M. J. (1958). Symbolic psycho-logic: A model of attitudinal cognition. Behavioral Science, 3, 1-13.
    • (1958) Behavioral Science , vol.3 , pp. 1-13
    • Abelson, R.P.1    Rosenberg, M.J.2
  • 4
    • 77956808301 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive dissonance: A current perspective
    • L. Bercowitz (Ed.). New York: Academic Press
    • Aronson, E. (1969). Cognitive dissonance: A current perspective. In L. Bercowitz (Ed.). Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 1-34). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1969) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.4 , pp. 1-34
    • Aronson, E.1
  • 5
    • 0023409003 scopus 로고
    • Videotape reconstruction of emotions and cognitions related to shyness
    • Asendorpf, J. B. (1987). Videotape reconstruction of emotions and cognitions related to shyness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 542-549.
    • (1987) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.53 , pp. 542-549
    • Asendorpf, J.B.1
  • 6
    • 0037576131 scopus 로고
    • Shyness as a final common pathway for two different kinds of inhibition
    • Asendorpf, J. B. (1989). Shyness as a final common pathway for two different kinds of inhibition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 481-492.
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.57 , pp. 481-492
    • Asendorpf, J.B.1
  • 7
    • 0002447478 scopus 로고
    • The expression of shyness and embarrassment
    • W. R. Crozier (Ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Asendorpf, J. B. (1990). The expression of shyness and embarrassment. In W. R. Crozier (Ed.), Shyness and embarrassment: Perspectives from social psychology (pp. 87-118). New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1990) Shyness and Embarrassment: Perspectives from Social Psychology , pp. 87-118
    • Asendorpf, J.B.1
  • 8
    • 0036688962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double dissociation between implicit and explicit personality self-concept: The case of shy behavior
    • Asendorpf, J. B., Banse, R., & Mücke, D. (2002). Double dissociation between implicit and explicit personality self-concept: The case of shy behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 380-393.
    • (2002) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.83 , pp. 380-393
    • Asendorpf, J.B.1    Banse, R.2    Mücke, D.3
  • 9
    • 0031279159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of social context and defensiveness on the physiological responses of repressive copers
    • Barger, S. D., Kircher, J. C., & Croyle, R. T. (1997). The effects of social context and defensiveness on the physiological responses of repressive copers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1118-1128.
    • (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.73 , pp. 1118-1128
    • Barger, S.D.1    Kircher, J.C.2    Croyle, R.T.3
  • 11
    • 0016286062 scopus 로고
    • On predicting some of the people some of the time: The search for cross-situational consistencies in behavior
    • Bem, D. J., & Allen, A. (1974). On predicting some of the people some of the time: The search for cross-situational consistencies in behavior. Psychological Review, 81, 506-520.
    • (1974) Psychological Review , vol.81 , pp. 506-520
    • Bem, D.J.1    Allen, A.2
  • 12
    • 4744359101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of personality on cognitive, behavioral, and affective political processes: The effects of need to evaluate
    • Bizer, G. Y., Krosnick, J. A., Holbrook, A. L., Petty, R. E., Wheeler, S. C., & Rucker, D. D. (2004). The impact of personality on cognitive, behavioral, and affective political processes: The effects of need to evaluate. Journal of Personality, 72, 995-1027.
    • (2004) Journal of Personality , vol.72 , pp. 995-1027
    • Bizer, G.Y.1    Krosnick, J.A.2    Holbrook, A.L.3    Petty, R.E.4    Wheeler, S.C.5    Rucker, D.D.6
  • 14
    • 84965879126 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in objective and projective dependency tests: A meta-analytic review
    • Bornstein, R. F. (1995). Sex differences in objective and projective dependency tests: A meta-analytic review. Assessment, 2, 319-331.
    • (1995) Assessment , vol.2 , pp. 319-331
    • Bornstein, R.F.1
  • 15
    • 7244252614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-enhancement tendencies among people with high self-esteem: The moderating role of implicit self-esteem
    • Bosson, J. K., Brown, R. P., Zeigler-Hill, V., & Swann, W. B., Jr. (2003). Self-enhancement tendencies among people with high self-esteem: The moderating role of implicit self-esteem. Self and Identity, 2, 169-187.
    • (2003) Self and Identity , vol.2 , pp. 169-187
    • Bosson, J.K.1    Brown, R.P.2    Zeigler-Hill, V.3    Swann Jr., W.B.4
  • 16
    • 0034305304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stalking the perfect measure of implicit self-esteem: The blind men and the elephant revisited?
    • Bosson, J. K., Swann, W. B., Jr., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2000). Stalking the perfect measure of implicit self-esteem: The blind men and the elephant revisited? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 631-643.
    • (2000) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.79 , pp. 631-643
    • Bosson, J.K.1    Swann Jr., W.B.2    Pennebaker, J.W.3
  • 19
    • 33746374502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in persuasion
    • D. Albarracín, B. T. Johnson, & M. P. Zanna (Eds.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Briñol, P., & Petty, R. E. (2005). Individual differences in persuasion. In D. Albarracín, B. T. Johnson, & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), The handbook of attitudes and attitude change (pp. 575-615). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (2005) The Handbook of Attitudes and Attitude Change , pp. 575-615
    • Briñol, P.1    Petty, R.E.2
  • 20
    • 84858919100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (May). Paper presented at the Attitudinal Incongruence and Information Processing Symposium, University of Amsterdam. Amsterdam, the Netherlands
    • Briñol, P., Petty, R. E., & Wheeler, S. C. (2003, May). Implicit ambivalence: Implications for attitude change. Paper presented at the Attitudinal Incongruence and Information Processing Symposium, University of Amsterdam. Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
    • (2003) Implicit Ambivalence: Implications for Attitude Change
    • Briñol, P.1    Petty, R.E.2    Wheeler, S.C.3
  • 21
    • 84909092753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in resistance to persuasion: The role of beliefs and metabeliefs
    • E. S. Knowles & J. A. Linn (Eds.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Briñol, P., Rucker, D., Tormala, Z. L., & Petty, R. E. (2004). Individual differences in resistance to persuasion: The role of beliefs and metabeliefs. In E. S. Knowles & J. A. Linn (Eds.), Resistance and persuasion (pp. 83-1.04). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (2004) Resistance and Persuasion
    • Briñol, P.1    Rucker, D.2    Tormala, Z.L.3    Petty, R.E.4
  • 22
    • 21744443038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond bipolar conceptualizations and measures: The case of attitudes and evaluative space
    • Cacioppo, J. T., Gardner, W. L., & Bernlson, G. G. (1997). Beyond bipolar conceptualizations and measures: The case of attitudes and evaluative space. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 1, 3-25.
    • (1997) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.1 , pp. 3-25
    • Cacioppo, J.T.1    Gardner, W.L.2    Bernlson, G.G.3
  • 24
    • 0022568465 scopus 로고
    • Trait memory and behavior memory: The effects of alternative pathways on impression judgment response times
    • Carlston, D. E., & Skowronski, J. J. (1986). Trait memory and behavior memory: The effects of alternative pathways on impression judgment response times. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 5-13.
    • (1986) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.50 , pp. 5-13
    • Carlston, D.E.1    Skowronski, J.J.2
  • 25
    • 30444453389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impulse and constraint: Some perspectives from personality psychology, convergence with theory in other areas, and potential for integration
    • Carver, C. S. (2005). Impulse and constraint: Some perspectives from personality psychology, convergence with theory in other areas, and potential for integration. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9, 312-333.
    • (2005) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.9 , pp. 312-333
    • Carver, C.S.1
  • 26
    • 0002953985 scopus 로고
    • Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view
    • Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1990). Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view. Psychological Review, 97, 19-35.
    • (1990) Psychological Review , vol.97 , pp. 19-35
    • Carver, C.S.1    Scheier, M.F.2
  • 29
    • 0001606524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit and explicit attitudes: Examination of the relationship between measures of intergroup bias
    • R. Brown & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.). Oxford, England: Blackwell
    • Dovidio, J. F., Kawakami, K., & Beach, K. (2001). Implicit and explicit attitudes: Examination of the relationship between measures of intergroup bias. In R. Brown & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Vol. 4. Intergroup relations (pp. 175-197). Oxford, England: Blackwell.
    • (2001) Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology: Vol. 4. Intergroup Relations , vol.4 , pp. 175-197
    • Dovidio, J.F.1    Kawakami, K.2    Beach, K.3
  • 30
    • 0029299739 scopus 로고
    • Emotional conflict and well-being: Relation to perceived availability, daily utilization, and observer reports of social support
    • Emmons, R. A., & Colby, P. M. (1995). Emotional conflict and well-being: Relation to perceived availability, daily utilization, and observer reports of social support. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 947-959.
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.68 , pp. 947-959
    • Emmons, R.A.1    Colby, P.M.2
  • 31
    • 0015618473 scopus 로고
    • The self-concept revisited: Or a theory of a theory
    • Epstein, S. (1973). The self-concept revisited: Or a theory of a theory. American Psychologist, 28, 404-416.
    • (1973) American Psychologist , vol.28 , pp. 404-416
    • Epstein, S.1
  • 32
    • 0242305779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive-experiential self-theory of personality
    • T. Millon & M. J. Lerner (Eds.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley
    • Epstein, S. (2003). Cognitive-Experiential Self-Theory of personality. In T. Millon & M. J. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of psychology (Vol. 5, pp. 159-184). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
    • (2003) Handbook of Psychology , vol.5 , pp. 159-184
    • Epstein, S.1
  • 33
    • 0001954092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit self-esteem
    • D. Abrams & M. A. Hogg (Eds.). Oxford, England: Blackwell
    • Farnham, S. D., Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1999). Implicit self-esteem. In D. Abrams & M. A. Hogg (Eds.). Social identity and social cognition (pp. 230-248). Oxford, England: Blackwell.
    • (1999) Social Identity and Social Cognition , pp. 230-248
    • Farnham, S.D.1    Greenwald, A.G.2    Banaji, M.R.3
  • 34
    • 0029448299 scopus 로고
    • Variability in automatic activation as an unobtrusive measure of racial attitudes: A bona fide pipeline?
    • Fazio, R. H., Jackson, J. R., Dunton, B. C., & Williams, C. J. (1995). Variability in automatic activation as an unobtrusive measure of racial attitudes: A bona fide pipeline? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 1013-1027.
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.69 , pp. 1013-1027
    • Fazio, R.H.1    Jackson, J.R.2    Dunton, B.C.3    Williams, C.J.4
  • 35
    • 0013107307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit measures in social cognition research: Their meaning and uses
    • Fazio, R. H., & Olson, M. (2003). Implicit measures in social cognition research: Their meaning and uses. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 297-327.
    • (2003) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.54 , pp. 297-327
    • Fazio, R.H.1    Olson, M.2
  • 36
    • 4644234910 scopus 로고
    • A theory of social comparison processes
    • Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7, 117-140.
    • (1954) Human Relations , vol.7 , pp. 117-140
    • Festinger, L.1
  • 38
    • 33748124141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associative and prepositional processes in evaluation: An integrative review of implicit and explicit attitude change
    • in press
    • Gawronski, B., & Bodenhausen, G. V. (in press). Associative and prepositional processes in evaluation: An integrative review of implicit and explicit attitude change. Psychological Bulletin.
    • Psychological Bulletin
    • Gawronski, B.1    Bodenhausen, G.V.2
  • 39
    • 1842439348 scopus 로고
    • Conflict or dissonance: A reinterpretation of counterattitudinal essay writing
    • Gilmore, R. F. (1982). Conflict or dissonance: A reinterpretation of counterattitudinal essay writing. Dissertation Abstracts International, 43, 1659.
    • (1982) Dissertation Abstracts International , vol.43 , pp. 1659
    • Gilmore, R.F.1
  • 40
    • 0001968444 scopus 로고
    • Not all high (or low) self-esteem people are the same: Theory and research on stability of self-esteem
    • M. H. Kernis (Ed.). New York: Plenum Press
    • Greenier, K. D., Kernis, M. H., & Waschull, S. B. (1995). Not all high (or low) self-esteem people are the same: Theory and research on stability of self-esteem. In M. H. Kernis (Ed.), Efficacy, agency, and self-esteem (pp. 51-71). New York: Plenum Press.
    • (1995) Efficacy, Agency, and Self-esteem , pp. 51-71
    • Greenier, K.D.1    Kernis, M.H.2    Waschull, S.B.3
  • 41
    • 0029202423 scopus 로고
    • Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes
    • Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. (1995). Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review, 102, 4-27.
    • (1995) Psychological Review , vol.102 , pp. 4-27
    • Greenwald, A.G.1    Banaji, M.2
  • 43
    • 0034575870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using the Implicit Association Test to measure self-esteem and self-concept
    • Greenwald, A. G., & Farnham, S. D. (2000). Using the Implicit Association Test to measure self-esteem and self-concept. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 1022-1038.
    • (2000) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.79 , pp. 1022-1038
    • Greenwald, A.G.1    Farnham, S.D.2
  • 45
  • 46
    • 0035498092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambivalence, conflict, and decision making: Attitudes and feelings in Germany towards NATO's military intervention in the Kosovo war
    • Hänze, M. (2001). Ambivalence, conflict, and decision making: Attitudes and feelings in Germany towards NATO's military intervention in the Kosovo war. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 693-706.
    • (2001) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.31 , pp. 693-706
    • Hänze, M.1
  • 47
  • 50
    • 0034970570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A time course analysis of the affective priming effect
    • Hermans, D., De Houwer, J., & Eelen, P. (2001). A time course analysis of the affective priming effect. Cognition and Emotion, 15, 143-165.
    • (2001) Cognition and Emotion , vol.15 , pp. 143-165
    • Hermans, D.1    De Houwer, J.2    Eelen, P.3
  • 52
    • 0033448793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two roads to positive regard: Implicit and explicit self-evaluation and culture
    • Hetts, J. J., Sakuma, M., & Pelham, B. W. (1999). Two roads to positive regard: Implicit and explicit self-evaluation and culture. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 512-559.
    • (1999) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.35 , pp. 512-559
    • Hetts, J.J.1    Sakuma, M.2    Pelham, B.W.3
  • 53
    • 0023372995 scopus 로고
    • Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect
    • Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94, 319-340.
    • (1987) Psychological Review , vol.94 , pp. 319-340
    • Higgins, E.T.1
  • 54
    • 0035438201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of attitudinal ambivalence in susceptibility to consensus informative
    • Hodson, G., Maio, G. R., & Esses, V. M. (2001). The role of attitudinal ambivalence in susceptibility to consensus informative. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 23, 197-205.
    • (2001) Basic and Applied Social Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 197-205
    • Hodson, G.1    Maio, G.R.2    Esses, V.M.3
  • 57
    • 0031081941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of attitudinal ambivalence on information processing and attitude-intention consistency
    • Jonas, K., Diehl, M., &. Bromer, P. (1997). Effects of attitudinal ambivalence on information processing and attitude-intention consistency. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 33, 190-210.
    • (1997) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 190-210
    • Jonas, K.1    Diehl, M.2    Bromer, P.3
  • 60
    • 0002735747 scopus 로고
    • On the ambivalence-indifference problem in attitude theory and measurement: A suggested modification of the semantic differential technique
    • Kaplan, K. J. (1972). On the ambivalence-indifference problem in attitude theory and measurement: A suggested modification of the semantic differential technique. Psychological Bulletin, 77, 361-372.
    • (1972) Psychological Bulletin , vol.77 , pp. 361-372
    • Kaplan, K.J.1
  • 61
    • 0346991628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring self-esteem using the Implicit Association Test: The role of the other
    • Karpinski, A. (2004). Measuring self-esteem using the Implicit Association Test: The role of the other. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 22-34.
    • (2004) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.30 , pp. 22-34
    • Karpinski, A.1
  • 62
    • 0002764019 scopus 로고
    • Racial ambivalence, value duality, and behavior
    • J. F. Dovidio & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.). New York: Academic Press
    • Katz, I., Wackenhut, J., & Hass, R. G. (1986). Racial ambivalence, value duality, and behavior. In J. F. Dovidio & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination, and racism (pp. 35-59). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1986) Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism , pp. 35-59
    • Katz, I.1    Wackenhut, J.2    Hass, R.G.3
  • 63
    • 1142289845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit/explicit motive discrepancies and volitional depletion among managers
    • Kehr, H. M. (2004). Implicit/explicit motive discrepancies and volitional depletion among managers. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 315-327.
    • (2004) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.30 , pp. 315-327
    • Kehr, H.M.1
  • 64
    • 77957087409 scopus 로고
    • The interactive roles of stability and level of self-esteem: Research and theory
    • M. P. Zanna (Ed.). San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • Kernis, M. H., & Waschull, S. B. (1995). The interactive roles of stability and level of self-esteem: Research and theory. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 27, pp. 93-141). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (1995) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 93-141
    • Kernis, M.H.1    Waschull, S.B.2
  • 65
    • 0141798568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explicit self-criticism and implicit self-regard: Evaluating self and friend in two cultures
    • Kitayama, S., & Uchida, Y. (2003). Explicit self-criticism and implicit self-regard: Evaluating self and friend in two cultures. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 476-482.
    • (2003) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.39 , pp. 476-482
    • Kitayama, S.1    Uchida, Y.2
  • 68
    • 0033631234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intuition: A social cognitive neuroscience approach
    • Lieberman, M. D. (2000). Intuition: A social cognitive neuroscience approach. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 109-137.
    • (2000) Psychological Bulletin , vol.126 , pp. 109-137
    • Lieberman, M.D.1
  • 69
    • 0024673262 scopus 로고
    • The eyewitness suggestibility effect and memory for source
    • Lindsay, D. S., & Johnson, M. K. (1989). The eyewitness suggestibility effect and memory for source. Memory & Cognition, 17, 349-358.
    • (1989) Memory & Cognition , vol.17 , pp. 349-358
    • Lindsay, D.S.1    Johnson, M.K.2
  • 70
    • 0030274344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambivalence and persuasion: The processing of messages about immigrant groups
    • Maio, G. R., Bell, D. E., & Esses, V. M. (1996). Ambivalence and persuasion: The processing of messages about immigrant groups. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 32, 513-536.
    • (1996) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.32 , pp. 513-536
    • Maio, G.R.1    Bell, D.E.2    Esses, V.M.3
  • 71
    • 0005218296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maio, G. R., & Olson, J. M. (Eds.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Maio, G. R., & Olson, J. M. (Eds.). (2000). Why we evaluate: Functions of attitudes. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (2000) Why We Evaluate: Functions of Attitudes
  • 72
    • 0000611370 scopus 로고
    • How motives, skills, and values determine what people do
    • McClelland, D. C. (1985). How motives, skills, and values determine what people do. American Psychologist, 40, 812-825.
    • (1985) American Psychologist , vol.40 , pp. 812-825
    • McClelland, D.C.1
  • 73
    • 0000982948 scopus 로고
    • Openness to experience
    • R. Hogan & W. H. Jones (Eds.). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press
    • McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (1985). Openness to experience. In R. Hogan & W. H. Jones (Eds.), Perspectives in personality (Vol. 1, pp. 145-172). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
    • (1985) Perspectives in Personality , vol.1 , pp. 145-172
    • McCrae, R.R.1    Costa Jr., P.T.2
  • 74
    • 0002153662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conceptions and correlates of openness to experience
    • R. Hogan, J. Johnson, & S. Briggs (Eds.). New York: Academic Press
    • McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (1997). Conceptions and correlates of openness to experience. In R. Hogan, J. Johnson, & S. Briggs (Eds.), Handbook of personality psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 825-847). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1997) Handbook of Personality Psychology , vol.1 , pp. 825-847
    • McCrae, R.R.1    Costa Jr., P.T.2
  • 77
    • 0032616346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A hot/cool-system analysis of delay of gratification: Dynamics of willpower
    • Metcalfe, J., & Mischel, W. (1999). A hot/cool-system analysis of delay of gratification: Dynamics of willpower. Psychological Review, 106, 3-19.
    • (1999) Psychological Review , vol.106 , pp. 3-19
    • Metcalfe, J.1    Mischel, W.2
  • 78
    • 0042264975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison processes in social judgment: Mechanisms and consequences
    • Mussweiler, T. (2003). Comparison processes in social judgment: Mechanisms and consequences. Psychological Review, 110, 472-489.
    • (2003) Psychological Review , vol.110 , pp. 472-489
    • Mussweiler, T.1
  • 79
    • 0002072019 scopus 로고
    • Interpersonal balance
    • R. Abelson et al. (Eds.). Chicago: Rand McNally
    • Newcomb, T. M. (1968). Interpersonal balance. In R. Abelson et al. (Eds.), Theories of cognitive consistency: A sourcebook (pp. 28-51). Chicago: Rand McNally.
    • (1968) Theories of Cognitive Consistency: A Sourcebook , pp. 28-51
    • Newcomb, T.M.1
  • 80
    • 0031138157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new look at defensive projection: Thought suppression, accessibility, and biased person perception
    • Newman, L. S., Duff, K. J., & Baumeister, R. F. (1997). A new look at defensive projection: Thought suppression, accessibility, and biased person perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 980-1001.
    • (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.72 , pp. 980-1001
    • Newman, L.S.1    Duff, K.J.2    Baumeister, R.F.3
  • 81
  • 82
    • 27644512459 scopus 로고
    • The principle of congruity in the prediction of attitude change
    • Osgood, C. E., & Tannenbaum, P. H. (1955). The principle of congruity in the prediction of attitude change. Psychological Review, 62, 42-55.
    • (1955) Psychological Review , vol.62 , pp. 42-55
    • Osgood, C.E.1    Tannenbaum, P.H.2
  • 83
    • 0017603781 scopus 로고
    • Independent effects of achievement behavior
    • Patten, R. L., & White, L. A. (1977). Independent effects of achievement behavior. Motivation and Emotion, 1, 39-59.
    • (1977) Motivation and Emotion , vol.1 , pp. 39-59
    • Patten, R.L.1    White, L.A.2
  • 85
    • 58149372982 scopus 로고
    • The effects of involvement on responses to argument quantity and quality: Central and peripheral routes to persuasion
    • Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1984). The effects of involvement on responses to argument quantity and quality: Central and peripheral routes to persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 69-81.
    • (1984) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.46 , pp. 69-81
    • Petty, R.E.1    Cacioppo, J.T.2
  • 87
    • 33746359124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Petty, R. E., Fazio, R. H., & Briñol, P. (Eds.), (in press). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Petty, R. E., Fazio, R. H., & Briñol, P. (Eds.), (in press). Attitudes: Insights from the new implicit measures. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • Attitudes: Insights from the New Implicit Measures
  • 90
    • 0000011696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitude change: Multiple roles for persuasion variables
    • D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.). New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Petty, R. E., & Wegener, D. T. (1998). Attitude change: Multiple roles for persuasion variables. In D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.). The handbook of social psychology (4th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 323-390). New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • (1998) The Handbook of Social Psychology (4th Ed.) , vol.1 , pp. 323-390
    • Petty, R.E.1    Wegener, D.T.2
  • 91
    • 0001072331 scopus 로고
    • Distraction can enhance or reduce yielding to propaganda: Thought disruption versus effort justification
    • Petty, R. E., Wells, G. L., & Brock, T. C. (1976). Distraction can enhance or reduce yielding to propaganda: Thought disruption versus effort justification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 874-884.
    • (1976) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.34 , pp. 874-884
    • Petty, R.E.1    Wells, G.L.2    Brock, T.C.3
  • 93
    • 0030240345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gradual threshold model of ambivalence: Relating the positive and negative bases of attitudes to subjective ambivalence
    • Priester, J. R., & Petty, R. E. (1996). The gradual threshold model of ambivalence: Relating the positive and negative bases of attitudes to subjective ambivalence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 431-449.
    • (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.71 , pp. 431-449
    • Priester, J.R.1    Petty, R.E.2
  • 94
    • 85047684010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extending the bases of subjective attitudinal ambivalence: Interpersonal and intrapersonal antecedents of evaluative tension
    • Priester, J. R., & Petty, R. E. (2001). Extending the bases of subjective attitudinal ambivalence: Interpersonal and intrapersonal antecedents of evaluative tension. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 19-34.
    • (2001) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.80 , pp. 19-34
    • Priester, J.R.1    Petty, R.E.2
  • 97
    • 0026901189 scopus 로고
    • On the orienting value of attitudes: Attitude accessibility as a determinant of an object's attraction of visual attention
    • Roskos-Ewoldsen, D. R., & Fazio, R. H. (1992). On the orienting value of attitudes: Attitude accessibility as a determinant of an object's attraction of visual attention. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 198-211.
    • (1992) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.63 , pp. 198-211
    • Roskos-Ewoldsen, D.R.1    Fazio, R.H.2
  • 98
    • 77954025485 scopus 로고
    • Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical test in 20 countries
    • M. P. Zanna (Ed.). San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical test in 20 countries. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 24, pp. 1-65). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (1992) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 1-65
    • Schwartz, S.H.1
  • 99
    • 0000773350 scopus 로고
    • From simple associations to systematic reasoning: A connectionist representation of rules, variables, and dynamic bindings using temporal synchrony
    • Shastri, L., & Ajjanagadde, V. (1993). From simple associations to systematic reasoning: A connectionist representation of rules, variables, and dynamic bindings using temporal synchrony. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 16, 417-494.
    • (1993) Behavioral and Brain Sciences , vol.16 , pp. 417-494
    • Shastri, L.1    Ajjanagadde, V.2
  • 101
    • 77954557633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The empirical case for two forms of reasoning
    • Sloman, S. A., (1996). The empirical case for two forms of reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 3-22.
    • (1996) Psychological Bulletin , vol.119 , pp. 3-22
    • Sloman, S.A.1
  • 102
    • 0034342721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual process models in social and cognitive psychology: Conceptual integration and links to underlying memory systems
    • Smith, E. R., & DeCoster, J. (2000). Dual process models in social and cognitive psychology: Conceptual integration and links to underlying memory systems. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4, 108-131.
    • (2000) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.4 , pp. 108-131
    • Smith, E.R.1    DeCoster, J.2
  • 103
    • 84971179405 scopus 로고
    • On the proper treatment of connectionism
    • Smolensky, P. (1988). On the proper treatment of connectionism. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 11, 1-23.
    • (1988) Behavioral and Brain Sciences , vol.11 , pp. 1-23
    • Smolensky, P.1
  • 106
  • 108
    • 85047686372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Judgment under emotional certainty and uncertainty: The effects of specific emotions on information processing
    • Tiedens, L. Z., & Linton, S. (2001). Judgment under emotional certainty and uncertainty: The effects of specific emotions on information processing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 973-988.
    • (2001) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.81 , pp. 973-988
    • Tiedens, L.Z.1    Linton, S.2
  • 109
    • 0035541335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On-line versus memory-based processing: The role of "need to evaluate" in person perception
    • Tormala, Z. L., & Petty, R. E. (2001). On-line versus memory-based processing: The role of "need to evaluate" in person perception. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 1599-1612.
    • (2001) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.27 , pp. 1599-1612
    • Tormala, Z.L.1    Petty, R.E.2
  • 112
    • 0025603104 scopus 로고
    • Separating science from myth in subliminal psychodynamic activation
    • Weinberger, J., & Hardaway, R. (1990). Separating science from myth in subliminal psychodynamic activation. Clinical Psychology Review, 10, 727-756.
    • (1990) Clinical Psychology Review , vol.10 , pp. 727-756
    • Weinberger, J.1    Hardaway, R.2
  • 113
    • 0002924115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality structure: The return of the Big Five
    • R. Hogan, J. Johnson, & S. Briggs (Eds.). San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • Wiggins, J. S., & Trapnell, P. D. (1997). Personality structure: The return of the Big Five. In R. Hogan, J. Johnson, & S. Briggs (Eds.), Handbook of personality psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 737-765). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (1997) Handbook of Personality Psychology , vol.1 , pp. 737-765
    • Wiggins, J.S.1    Trapnell, P.D.2
  • 115
    • 0025042921 scopus 로고
    • New narcissism scales for the California Psychological Inventory and MMPI
    • Wing, P., & Gough, H. G. (1990). New narcissism scales for the California Psychological Inventory and MMPI. Journal of Personality Assessment, 54, 3-4.
    • (1990) Journal of Personality Assessment , vol.54 , pp. 3-4
    • Wing, P.1    Gough, H.G.2
  • 116
    • 0141438092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-certainty and self-esteem
    • T. J. Owens, S. Stryker, & N. Goodman (Eds.). Cambridge. England: Cambridge University Press
    • Wright, R. (2001). Self-certainty and self-esteem. In T. J. Owens, S. Stryker, & N. Goodman (Eds.), Extending self-esteem theory and research: Sociological and psychological currents (pp. 101-134). Cambridge. England: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2001) Extending Self-esteem Theory and Research: Sociological and Psychological Currents , pp. 101-134
    • Wright, R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.