Proteases in eye development and disease

Birth Defects Research Part C - Embryo Today: Reviews

Volumn 78, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 90-105

  Wride, Michael A ^a   Geatrell, Jenny ^a   Guggenheim, Jeremy A ^a  

^a CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADAM PROTEIN; BETA SECRETASE; CALPAIN; CASPASE; DISINTEGRIN; GAMMA SECRETASE; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE; METALLOPROTEINASE; PROTEINASE; THROMBOSPONDIN; TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR; UBIQUITIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

APOPTOSIS; BLINDNESS; CATARACT; CELL FUNCTION; CELL ORGANELLE; CORNEA DISEASE; DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY; ENZYME ACTIVITY; EYE DEVELOPMENT; EYE DISEASE; GLAUCOMA; HUMAN; LENS DISEASE; LENS FIBER; MYOPIA; NONHUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN MOTIF; RETINA DEGENERATION; RETINA DEVELOPMENT; REVIEW; SCLERA DISEASE; TRABECULAR MESHWORK; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; VISUAL SYSTEM FUNCTION;

ANIMALS; EYE; EYE DISEASES; HUMANS; ORGANOGENESIS; PEPTIDE HYDROLASES;

EID: 33646561516     PISSN: 1542975X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.20063     Document Type: Review

References (138)

1. Aihara M, Lindsey JD, Weinreb RN. 2003. Ocular hypertension in mice with a targeted type I collagen mutation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44:1581-1585.
2. Alexander JP, Acott TS. 2001. Involvement of protein kinase C in TNFalpha regulation of trabecular matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 42:2831-2838.
3. Alexander JP, Acott TS. 2003. Involvement of the Erk-MAP kinase pathway in TNFalpha regulation of trabecular matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44:164-169.
4. Andersson M, Sjostrand J, Petersen A, et al. 2000. Caspase and proteasome activity during staurosporin-induced apoptosis in lens epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 41:2623-2632.
5. Andersson M, Honarvar A, Sjostrand J, et al. 2003. Decreased caspase-3 activity in human lens epithelium from posterior subcapsular cataracts. Exp Eye Res 76:175-182.
6. Azuma M, Anderson RS, Sameshima S, et al. 1992. Calpain in rat cornea. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 33:2476-2482.
7. Azuma M, Fukiage C, Higashine M, et al. 2000. Identification and characterization of a retina-specific calpain (Rt88) from rat. Curr Eye Res 21:710-720.
8. Azuma M, Tamada Y, Kanaami S et al. 2003. Differential influence of proteolysis by calpain 2 and Lp82 on in vitro precipitation of mouse lens crystallins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 307: 558-563.
9. Azuma M, Sakamoto-Mizutani K, Nakajima T, et al. 2004. Involvement of calpain isoforms in retinal degeneration in WBN/Kob rats. Comp Med 54: 533-542.
10. Baruch A, Greenbaum D, Levy ET, et al. 2001. Defining a link between gap junction communication, proteolysis, and cataract formation. J Biol Chem 276: 28999-29006.
11. Bassnett S, Beebe DC. 1992. Coincident loss of mitochondria and nuclei during lens fiber cell-differentiation. Dev Dyn 194:85-93.
12. Bassnett S, Mataic D. 1997. Chromatin degradation in differentiating fiber cells of the eye lens. J Cell Biol 137:37-49.
13. Bassnett S. 2002. Lens organelle degradation. Exp Eye Res 74:1-6.
14. Bernardos RL, Lentz SI, Wolfe MS, Raymond PA. 2005. Notch-Delta signaling is required for spatial patterning and Mullerglia differentiation in the zebrafish retina. Dev Biol 278:381-395.
15. Biswas S, Harris F, Dennison S, Singh J, Phoenix DA. 2004a. Calpains: targets of cataract prevention? Trends Mol Med 10:78-84.
16. Biswas S, Harris F, Singh J, Phoenix D. 2004b. Role of calpains in diabetes mellitus-induced cataractogenesis: a mini review. Mol Cell Biochem 261:151-159.
17. Biswas S, Harris F, Singh J, Phoenix DA. 2004c. The in vitro retardation of porcine cataractogenesis by the calpain inhibitor, SJA6017. Mol Cell Biochem 261:169-173.
18. Biswas S, Harris F, Dennison S, et al. 2005.Calpains: enzymes of vision? Med Sci Monit 11:RA301-RA310.
19. Borras T. 2003. Gene expression in the trabecular meshwork and the influence of intraocular pressure. Prog Retin Eye Res 22:435-463.
20. Bradley JM, Kelley MJ, Zhu X, et al. 2001. Effects of mechanical stretching on trabecular matrix metalloproteinases. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 42:1505-1513.
21. Caballero M, Liton PB, Epstein DL, Gonzalez P. 2003. Proteasome inhibition by chronic oxidative stress in human trabecular meshwork cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 308:346-352.
22. Cai DH, Brauer PR. 2002. Synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor decreases early cardiac neural crest migration in chicken embryos. Dev Dyn 224:441-449.
23. Churchill GC, Louis CF. 2002. Ca(2+) regulation in differentiating lens cells in culture. Exp Eye Res 75:77-85.
24. Colige A, Sieron AL, Li SW, et al. 1999. Human Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VIIC and bovine dermatosparaxis are caused by mutations in the procollagen IN-proteinase gene. Am J Hum Genet 65:308-317.
25. Collinge JE, Simirskii VN, Duncan MK. 2005. Expression of tissue plasminogen activator during eye development. Exp Eye Res 81:90-96.
26. Dagoneau N, Benoist-Lasselin C, Huber C, et al. 2004. ADAMTS10 mutations in autosomal recessive Weill-Marchesani syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 75:801-806.
27. Dahm R. 1999. Lens fiber cell differentiation-a link with apoptosis? Ophthalmic Res 31:163-183.
28. Daniels JT, Geerling G, Alexander RA, et al. 2003. Temporal and spatial expression of matrix metalloproteinases during wound healing of human corneal tissue. Exp Eye Res 77:653-664.
29. DiGirolamo N, Lloyd A, McCluskey P, et al. 1997. Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases in vivo in scleritis tissue and in vitro in cultured human scleral fibroblasts. Am J Pathol 150: 653-666.
30. Donovan M, Cotter TG. 2002. Caspase-independent photoreceptor apoptosis in vivo and differential expression of apoptotic protease activating factor-1 and caspase-3 during retinal development. Cell Death Differ 9:1220-1231.
31. Doonan F, Cotter TG. 2004. Apoptosis: a potential therapeutic target for retinal degenerations. Curr Neurovasc Res 1:41-53.
32. Doonan F, Donovan M, Cotter TG. 2003. Caspase-independent photoreceptor apoptosis in mouse models of retinal degeneration. J Neurosci. 23:5723-31.
33. Doonan F, Donovan M, Cotter TG. 2005. Activation of multiple pathways during photoreceptor apoptosis in the rd mouse. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46: 3530-3538.
34. Farrar GJ, Kenna PF, Humphries P. 2002. On the genetics of retinitis pigmentosa and on mutation-independent approaches to therapeutic intervention. EMBO J 21:857-864.
35. Fitch JM, Kidder JM, Linsenmayer TF. 2005. Cellular invasion of the chicken corneal stroma during development: regulation by multiple matrix metalloproteases and the lens. Dev Dyn 232: 106-118.
36. Fleenor DL, Pang IH, Clark AF. 2003. Involvement of AP-1 in interleukin-1alpha-stimulated MMP-3 expression in human trabecular meshwork cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44:3494-3501.
37. Foley JD, Rosenbaum H, Griep AE. 2004. Temporal regulation of VEID-7-amino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin cleavage activity and caspase-6 correlates with organelle loss during lens development. J Biol Chem 279:32142-32150.
38. Foster A, Resnikoff S. 2005. The impact of Vision 2020 on global blindness. Eye 19:1133-1135.
39. Franco SJ, Huttenlocher A. 2005. Regulating cell migration: calpains make the cut. J Cell Sci 118(Pt 17):3829-3838.
40. Fuchshofer R, Welge-Lussen U, Lutjen-Drecoll E. 2003. The effect of TGF-beta2 on human trabecular meshwork extracellular proteolytic system. Exp Eye Res 77:757-765.
41. Gao J, Sun X, Martinez-Wittinghan FJ, et al. 2004. Connections between connexins, calcium, and cataracts in the lens. J Gen Physiol 124:289-300.
42. Gariano RF, Hu D, Helms J. 2006. Expression of angiogenesis-related genes during retinal development. Gene Expr Patterns 6:187-192.
43. Gaton DD, Sagara T, Lindsey JD, Weinreb RN. 1999. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 localization in the normal human uveoscleral outflow pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 40:363-369.
44. Giebel SJ, Menicucci G, McGuire PG, Das A. 2005. Matrix metalloproteinases in early diabetic retinopathy and their role in alteration of the blood-retinal barrier. Lab Invest 85:597-607.
45. Girao H, Pereira P, Taylor A, Shang F. 2005. Subcellular redistribution of components of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway during lens differentiation and maturation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46:1386-1392.
46. Gomez-Vicente V, Donovan M, Cotter TG. 2005. Multiple death pathways in retina-derived 661W cells following growth factor deprivation: crosstalk between caspases and calpains. Cell Death Differ 12:796-804.
47. Guggenheim JA, McBrien NA. 1996. Form-deprivation myopia induces activation of scleral matrix metalloproteinase-2 in tree shrew. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 37:1380-1395.
48. Harwood SM, Yaqoob MM, Allen DA. 2005. Caspase and calpain function in cell death: bridging the gap between apoptosis and necrosis. Ann Clin Biochem 42(Pt 6):415-431.
49. Hehr CL, Hocking JC, McFarlane S. 2005. Matrix metalloproteinases are required for retinal ganglion cell axon guidance at select decision points. Development 132:3371-3379.
50. Hosler MR, Wang-Su ST, Wagner BJ. 2003. Targeted disruption of specific steps of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway by oxidation in lens epithelial cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 35:685-697.
51. Huovila AP, Turner AJ, Pelto-Huikko M, et al. 2005. Shedding light on ADAM metalloproteinases. Trends Biochem Sci 30:413-422.
52. Inomata M, Hayashi M, Ito Y, Matsubara Y, et al. 2002. Comparison of Lp82- and m-calpain-mediated proteolysis during cataractogenesis in Shumiya cataract rat (SCR). Curr Eye Res 25:207-213.
53. Ishizaki Y, Jacobson MD, Raff MC. 1998. A role for caspases in lens fiber differentiation. J Cell Biol 140:153-158.
54. John M, Jaworski C, Chen Z, et al. 2004. Matrix metalloproteinases are down-regulated in rat lenses exposed to oxidative stress. Exp Eye Res 79:839-846.
55. Kamei M, Estafanous M, Lewis H. 2000. Tissue plasminogen activator in the treatment of vitreoretinal diseases. Semin Ophthalmol 15:44-50.
56. Kim JW, Lindsey JD, Wang N, Weinreb RN. 2001. Increased human scleral permeability with prostaglandin exposure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 42:1514-1521.
57. Knäuper V, Murphy G. 1998. Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases and cell surface-associated activation cascades for matrix metalloproteinases. In: Parks WC, Mecham RP, editors. Matrix metalloproteinases. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 199-218.
58. Kurpakus-Wheater M, Sexton R, McDermott ML, et al. 2003. Caspase-9 activation in hypoxic human corneal epithelial cells. Apoptosis 8:681-688.
59. Lambert V, Munaut C, Jost M, et al. 2002. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 contributes to choroidal neovascularization. Am J Pathol 161:1247-1253.
60. Lambert V, Wielockx B, Munaut C, et al. 2003. MMP-2 and MMP-9 synergize in promoting choroidal neovascularization. FASEB J 17:2290-2292.
61. Lang RA. 2004. Pathways regulating lens induction in the mouse. Int J Dev Biol 48:783-791.
62. Launay S, Hermine O, Fontenay M, et al. 2005. Vital functions for lethal caspases. Oncogene 24:5137-5148.
63. Lee A, Morrow JS, Fowler VM. 2001. Caspase remodeling of the spectrin membrane skeleton during lens development and aging. J Biol Chem 276: 20735-20742.
64. Li DW, Xiang H, Mao YW, et al. 2001. Caspase-3 is actively involved in okadaic acid-induced lens epithelial cell apoptosis. Exp Cell Res 266:279-291.
65. Li G, Percontino L, Sun Q, et al. 2003. Beta-amyloid secretases and beta-amloid degrading enzyme expression in lens. Mol Vis 9:179-183.
66. Lim JM, Lee JH, Wee WR, Joo CK. 2002. Downregulated expression of ADAM9 in anterior polar cataracts. J Cataract Refract Surg 28:697-702.
67. Liu Q, Shang F, Guo W, et al. 2004. Regulation of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway in human lens epithelial cells during the cell cycle. Exp Eye Res 78: 197-205.
68. Lyu J, Joo CK. 2005. Wnt-7a up-regulates matrix metalloproteinase-12 expression and promotes cell proliferation in corneal epithelial cells during wound healing. J Biol Chem 280:21653-21660.
69. Ma H, Shih M, Fukiage C, et al. 2000. Influence of specific regions in Lp82 calpain on protein stability, activity, and localization within lens. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 41:4232-4239.
70. Ma H, Fukiage C, Kim YH, et al. 2001. Characterization and expression of calpain 10. A novel ubiquitous calpain with nuclear localization. J Biol Chem 276: 28525-28531.
71. McBrien NA, Gentle A. 2003. Role of the sciera in the development and pathological complications of myopia. Prog Retin Eye Res 22:307-338.
72. Morozov V, Wawrousek EF. 2006. Caspase-dependent secondary lens fiber cell disintegration in {alpha}A-/ {alpha}B-crystallin double-knockout mice. Development 133:813-821.
73. Mulholland B, Tuft SJ, Khaw PT. 2005. Matrix metalloproteinase distribution during early corneal wound healing. Eye 19:584-588.
74. Nakajima T, Fukiage C, Azuma M, et al. 2001. Different expression patterns for ubiquitous calpains and Capn3 splice variants in monkey ocular tissues. Biochim Biophys Acta 1519:55-64.
75. Nakamura M, Miyashita H, Yamaguchi M, et al. 2003a. Novel 6-hydroxy-3-morpholinones as cornea permeable calpain inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 11:5449-5460.
76. Nakamura M, Yamaguchi M, Sakai O, Inoue J. 2003b. Exploration of cornea permeable calpain inhibitors as anti-cataract agents. Bioorg Med Chem 11: 1371-1379.
77. Pang IH, Fleenor DL, Hellberg PE, et al. 2003a. Aqueous outflow-enhancing effect of tert-butylhydroquinone: involvement of AP-1 activation and MMP-3 expression. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44:3502-3510.
78. Pang IH, Hellberg PE, Fleenor DL, et al. 2003b. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in human trabecular meshwork cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44:3485-3493.
79. Pereira P, Shang F, Hobbs M, et al. 2003. Lens fibers have a fully functional ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Exp Eye Res 76:623-631.
80. Persson H, Kawashima S, Karlsson JO. 1993. Immunohistochemical localization of calpains and calpastatin in the rabbit eye. Brain Res 611:272-278.
81. Petersen A, Zetterberg M, Sjostrand J, Karlsson JO. 2004. A new model for assessing proteolysis in the intact mouse lens in organ culture. Ophthalmic Res 36:25-30.
82. Rada JA, Nickla DL, Troilo D. 2000. Decreased proteoglycan synthesis associated with form deprivation myopia in mature primate eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 41(8):2050-2058.
83. Reed NA, Castellini MA, Ma H, et al. 2003. Protein expression patterns for ubiquitous and tissue specific calpains in the developing mouse lens. Exp Eye Res 76:433-443.
84. Reinhardt DP, Ono RN, Notbohm H, et al. 2000. Mutations in calcium-binding epidermal growth factor modules render fibrillin-1 susceptible to proteolysis. A potential disease-causing mechanism in Marfan syndrome. J Biol Chem 275:12339-12345.
85. Robertson LJ, Morton JD, Yamaguchi M, et al. 2005. Calpain may contribute to hereditary cataract formation in sheep. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46:4634-4640.
86. Rodrigues M, Font RL. 1989. Neural crest origin of human trabecular meshwork and its implications for the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 108: 469-470.
87. Ruotolo R, Grassi F, Percudani R, et al. 2003. Gene expression profiling in human age-related nuclear cataract. Mol Vis 9:538-548.
88. Sachdev NH, Di Girolamo N, Nolan TM, et al. 2004. Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases in the human lens: implications for cortical cataract formation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45:4075-4082.
89. Samolov B, Steen B, Seregard S, et al. 2005. Delayed inflammation- associated corneal neovascularization in MMP-2-deficient mice. Exp Eye Res 80:159-166.
90. Sanders EJ, Parker E. 2002. The role of mitochondria, cytochrome c and caspase-9 in embryonic lens fiber cell denucleation. J Anat 201:121-135.
91. Sanderson J, Marcantonio JM, Duncan G. 2000. A human lens model of cortical cataract: Ca2+-induced protein loss, vimentin cleavage and opacification. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 41:2255-2261.
92. Sanvicens N, Gomez-Vicente V, Masip I, et al. 2004. Oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in retinal photoreceptor cells is mediated by calpains and caspases and blocked by the oxygen radical scavenger CR-6. J Biol Chem 279:39268-39278.
93. Sarman S, van der Ploeg I, Seregard S, Kvanta A. 2005. Retinal vascular development and pathologic retinal angiogenesis are not impaired in matrix metalloproteinase-2 deficient mice. Curr Eye Res 30:259-267.
94. Seomun Y, Kim J, Lee EH, Joo CK. 2001. Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 mediates phenotypic transformation of lens epithelial cells. Biochem J 358(Pt 1):41-48.
95. Shang F, Taylor A. 2004. Function of the ubiquitin proteolytic pathway in the eye. Exp Eye Res 78:1-14.
96. Shang F, Gong X, Palmer HJ, et al. 1997. Age-related decline in ubiquitin conjugation in response to oxidative stress in the lens. Exp Eye Res 64:21-30.
97. Shang F, Gong X, McAvoy JW, et al. 1999. Ubiquitin-dependent pathway is up-regulated in differentiating lens cells. Exp Eye Res 68:179-192.
98. Shang F, Nowell TR Jr, Taylor A. 2001. Removal of oxidatively damaged proteins from lens cells by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Exp Eye Res 73: 229-238.
99. Shearer TR, Azuma M, David LL, et al. 1990. Calpain and calpastatin in rabbit corneal epithelium. Curr Eye Res 9:39-44.
100. Shih M, Ma H, Nakajima E, et al. 2006. Biochemical properties of lens-specific calpain Lp85. Exp Eye Res 82:146-152.
101. Shimmura S, Tadano K, Tsubota K. 2004. UV dose-dependent caspase activation in a corneal epithelial cell line. Curr Eye Res 28:85-92.
102. Shoshani Y, Pe'er J, Doviner V, et al. 2005. Increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases in pseudophakic corneal edema. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46: 1940-1947.
103. Siegwart JT Jr, Norton TT. 2005. Selective regulation of MMP and TIMP mRNA levels in tree shrew sciera during minus lens compensation and recovery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46:3484-3492.
104. Silver SJ, Rebay I. 2005. Signaling circuitries in development: insights from the retinal determination gene network. Development 132:3-13.
105. Sivak JM, Fini ME. 2002. MMPs in the eye: emerging roles for matrix metalloproteinases in ocular physiology. Prog Retin Eye Res 21:1-14.
106. Smine A, Plantner JJ. 1997. Membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase in human ocular tissues. Curr Eye Res 16: 925-929.
107. Stiuso P, Libondi T, Facchiano AM, et al. 2002. Alteration in the ubiquitin structure and function in the human lens: a possible mechanism of senile cataractogenesis. FEBS Lett 531:162-167.
108. Summers Rada JA, Shelton S, Norton TT. 2005. The sclera and myopia. Exp Eye Res 30:30.
109. Tamiya S, Wormstone IM, Marcantonio JM, et al. 2000. Induction of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 following stress to the lens. Exp Eye Res 71:591-597.
110. Tripathi BJ, Tripathi RC. 1989. Neural crest origin of human trabecular meshwork and its implications for the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 107:583-590.
111. Tripathi BJ, Tripathi RC, Chen J, et al. 2004. Trabecular cell expression of fibronectin and MMP-3 is modulated by aqueous humor growth factors. Exp Eye Res 78:653-660.
112. Tuohy G, Millington-Ward S, Kenna PF, et al. 2002. Sensitivity of photoreceptor-derived cell line (661W) to baculoviral p35, Z-VAD.FMK, and Fas-associated death domain. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 43:3583-3589.
113. Varshavsky A. 2005. Regulated protein degradation. Trends Biochem Sci 30: 283-286.
114. Vecino E, Hernandez M, Garcia M. 2004. Cell death in the developing vertebrate retina. Int J Dev Biol 48:965-974.
115. Viteri G, Carrard G, Birlouez-Aragon I, et al. 2004. Age-dependent protein modifications and declining proteasome activity in the human lens. Arch Biochem Biophys 427:197-203.
116. Wasselius J, Wallin H, Abrahamson M, Ehinger B. 2003. Cathepsin B in the rat eye. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 241:934-942.
117. Wasselius J, Hakansson K, Abrahamson M, Ehinger B. 2004. Cystatin C in the anterior segment of rat and mouse eyes. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 82:68-75.
118. Watabe-Uchida M, Masuda A, Shimada N, et al. 2004. Novel metalloprotease-disintegrin, meltrin epsilon (ADAM35), expressed in epithelial tissues during chick embryogenesis. Dev Dyn 230: 557-568.
119. Weber GF, Menko AS. 2005. The canonical intrinsic mitochondrial death pathway has a non-apoptotic role in signaling lens cell differentiation. J Biol Chem 280:22135-22145.
120. Wei CJ, Xu X, Lo CW. 2004. Connexins and cell signaling in development and disease. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 20: 811-838.
121. Wheatley HM, Traboulsi EI, Flowers BE, et al. 1995. Immunohistochemical localization of fibrillin in human ocular-tissues-relevance to the Marfan-syndrome. Arch Ophthal 113:103-109.
122. Wong TT, Daniels JT, Crowston JG, Khaw PT. 2004. MMP inhibition prevents human lens epithelial cell migration and contraction of the lens capsule. Br J Ophthalmol 88:868-872.
123. Wormstone IM. 2002. Posterior capsule opacification: a cell biological perspective. Exp Eye Res 74:337-347.
124. Wormstone IM, Tamiya S, Anderson I, Duncan G. 2002. TGF-beta2-induced matrix modification and cell transdifferentiation in the human lens capsular bag. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 43: 2301-2308.
125. Wride MA. 1996. Cellular and molecular features of lens differentiation: a review of recent advances. Differentiation 61:77-93.
126. Wride MA, Sanders EJ. 1998. Nuclear degeneration in the developing lens and its regulation by TNF alpha. Exp Eye Res 66:371-383.
127. Wride MA, Parker E, Sanders EJ. 1999. Members of the bcl-2 and caspase families regulate nuclear degeneration during chick lens fiber differentiation. Dev Biol 213:142-156.
128. Wride MA. 2000. Minireview: apoptosis as seen through a lens. Apoptosis 5:203-209.
129. Wride MA, Mansergh FC, Adams S, et al. 2003. Expression profiling and gene discovery in the mouse lens. Mol Vis 9:360-396.
130. Yamamoto R, Yoneda S, Hara H. 2004. Neuroprotective effects of beta-secretase inhibitors against rat retinal ganglion cell death. Neurosci Lett 370:61-64.
131. Yamaoka A, Matsuo T, Shiraga F, Ohtsuki H. 2001. TIMP-1 production by human scleral fibroblast decreases in response to cyclic mechanical stretching. Ophthalmic Res 33:98-101.
132. Yin X, Gu S, Jiang JX. 2001a. The development-associated cleavage of lens connexin 45.6 by caspase-3-like protease is regulated by casein kinase II-mediated phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 276:34567-34572.
133. Yin X, Gu S, Jiang JX. 2001b. Regulation of lens connexin 45.6 by apoptotic protease, caspase-3. Cell Commun Adhes 8:373-376.
134. Young TL, Guo XD, King RA, et al. 2003. Identification of genes expressed in a human scierai cDNA library. Mol Vis 9:508-514.
135. Young TL, Scavello GS, Paluru PC, et al. 2004. Microarray analysis of gene expression in human donor sclera. Mol Vis 10:163-176.
136. Zandy AJ, Lakhani S, Zheng T, et al. 2005. Role of the executioner caspases during lens development. J Biol Chem 280: 30263-30272.
137. Zeiss CJ, Neal J, Johnson EA. 2004. Caspase-3 in postnatal retinal development and degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45:964-970.
138. Zhang X, Cheng M, Chintala SK. 2004. Kainic acid-mediated upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 promotes retinal degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45:2374-2383.