Genetically altered animal models in the kallikrein-kinin system

Biological Chemistry

Volumn 387, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 119-126

  Pesquero, João B ^a   Bader, Michael ^b  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

^b MAX DELBRÜCK CENTER FOR MOLECULAR MEDICINE   (Germany)

Author keywords

Bradykinin; Kinin receptor; Kininase; Kininogen; Knockout animals; Transgenic animals

Indexed keywords

KALLIKREIN; KININ; KININ B1 RECEPTOR; KININ B2 RECEPTOR; KININOGEN; RECEPTOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CONFERENCE PAPER; ENZYME DEGRADATION; GENE MUTATION; INFLAMMATION; KALLIKREIN KININ SYSTEM; MOUSE STRAIN; NONHUMAN; PAIN; PATHOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; TRANSGENIC ANIMAL;

ANIMALS; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; KALLIKREIN-KININ SYSTEM; KININOGENS; MICE; RATS;

ANIMALIA; RATTUS NORVEGICUS;

EID: 32344447153     PISSN: 14316730     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/BC.2006.017     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (98)

1. Alenina, N., Baltatu, O., and Bader, M. (2006). Brain renin-angiotensin system - focus on transgenic animal models. In: Molecular Mechanisms in Hypertension (London, UK: Taylor and Francis Medical Books), in press.
2. Alfie, M.E., Yang, X.P., Hess, F., and Carretero, O.A. (1996). Salt-sensitive hypertension in bradykinin B2 receptor knockout mice. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 224, 625-630.
3. Araujo, R.C., Kettritz, R., Fichtner, I., Paiva, A.C., Pesquero, J.B., and Bader, M. (2001). Altered neutrophil homeostasis in kinin B1 receptor-deficient mice. Biol. Chem. 382, 91-95.
4. Araujo, R.C., Mori, M.A., Merino, V.F., Bascands, J.-L., Schanstra, J.P., Pesquero, J.L., Zollner, R.L., Villela, C.A., Paiva, A.C.M., Bader, M., and Pesquero, J.B. (2005). Hypoinsulinemia and pancreatic islet dysfunction in kinin B1 receptor deficient mice. In: The XVIth Scientific Meeting of the Inter-American Society of Hypertension, Cancun, Mexico, April 17-21, 2005.
5. Azizi, M., Boutouyrie, P., Bissery, A., Agharazii, M., Verbeke, F., Stern, N., Bura-Riviere, A., Laurent, S., Alhenc-Gelas, F., and Jeunemaitre, X. (2005). Arterial and renal consequences of partial genetic deficiency in tissue kallikrein activity in humans. J. Clin. Invest. 115, 780-787.
6. Barbara, G., De Giorgio, R., Stanghellini, V., Corinaldesi, R., Cremon, C., Gerard, N., Gerard, C., Grady, E.F., Bunnett, N.W., Blennerhassett, P.A., and Collins, S.M. (2003). Neutral endopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.11) downregulates the onset of intestinal inflammation in the nematode infected mouse. Gut 52, 1457-1464.
7. Bergaya, S., Meneton, P., Bloch-Faure, M., Mathieu, E., Alhenc-Gelas, F., Levy, B.I., and Boulanger, C.M. (2001). Decreased flow-dependent dilation in carotid arteries of tissue kallikrein-knockout mice. Circ. Res. 88, 593-599.
8. Bergaya, S., Matrougui, K., Meneton, P., Henrion, D., and Boulanger, C.M. (2004). Role of tissue kallikrein in response to flow in mouse resistance arteries. J. Hypertens. 22, 745-750.
9. Bhoola, K.D., Figueroa, C.D., and Worthy, K. (1992). Bioregulation of kinins: kallikreins, kininogens, and kininases. Pharmacol. Rev. 44, 1-80.
10. Borkowski, J.A., Ransom, R.W., Seabrook, G.R., Trumbauer, M., Chen, H., Hill, R.G., Strader, C.D., and Hess, J.F. (1995). Targeted disruption of a B2 bradykinin receptor gene in mice eliminates bradykinin action in smooth muscle and neurons. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 13706-13710.
11. Boyce, S., Rupniak, N.M., Carlson, E.J., Webb, J., Borkowski, J.A., Hess, J.F., Strader, C.D., and Hill, R.G. (1996). Nociception and inflammatory hyperalgesia in B2 bradykinin receptor knockout mice. Immunopharmacology 33, 333-335.
12. Brull, D., Dhamrait, S., Myerson, S., Erdmann, J., Woods, D., World, M., Pennell, D., Humphries, S., Regitz-Zagrosek, V., and Montgomery, H. (2001). Bradykinin B2BKR receptor polymorphism and left-ventricular growth response. Lancet 358, 1155-1156.
13. Cardoso, C.C., Garrett, T., Cayla, C., Meneton, P., Pesquero, J.B., and Bader, M. (2004). Structure and expression of two kininogen genes in mice. Biol. Chem. 385, 295-301.
14. Carpenter, C., Honkanen, A.A., Mashimo, H., Goss, K.A., Huang, P., Fishman, M.C., Asaad, M., Dorso, C.R., and Cheung, H. (1996). Renal abnormalities in mutant mice. Nature 380, 292.
15. Cervenka, L., Harrison-Bernard, L.M., Dipp, S., Primrose, G., Imig, J.D., and El-Dahr, S.S. (1999). Early onset salt-sensitive hypertension in bradykinin B2 receptor null mice. Hypertension 34, 176-180.
16. Cervenka, L., Vaneckova, I., Maly, J., Horacek, V., and El Dahr, S.S. (2003). Genetic inactivation of the B2 receptor in mice worsens two-kidney, one-clip hypertension: role of NO and the AT2 receptor. J. Hypertens. 21, 1531-1538.
17. Chao, J. and Chao, L. (1996). Functional analysis of human tissue kallikrein in transgenic mouse models. Hypertension 27, 491-494.
18. Ciechanowicz, A., Bader, M., Wagner, J., and Ganten, D. (1993). Extra-hepatic transcription of plasma prekallikrein gene in human and rat tissues. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 197, 1370-1376.
19. Colman, R.W., Pixley, R.A., Najamunnisa, S., Yan, W., Wang, J., Mazar, A., and McCrae, K.R. (1997). Binding of high molecular weight kininogen to human endothelial cells is mediated via a site within domains 2 and 3 of the urokinase receptor. J. Clin. Invest. 100, 1481-1487.
20. Colman, R.W., White, J.V., Scovell, S., Stadnicki, A., and Sartor, R.B. (1999). Kininogens are antithrombotic proteins in vivo. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 19, 2245-2250.
21. Crackower, M.A., Sarao, R., Oudit, G.Y., Yagil, C., Kozieradzki, I., Scanga, S.E., Oliveira-dos-Santos, A.J., da Costa, J., Zhang, L., Pei, Y., et al. (2002). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is an essential regulator of heart function. Nature 417, 822-828.
22. Damas, J. (1996). The brown Norway rat and the kinin system. Peptides 17, 859-872.
23. Day, A.L., Wick, E., Jordan, T.H., Jaffray, C.E., Bunnett, N.W., Grady, E.F., and Kirkwood, K.S. (2005). Neutral endopeptidase determines the severity of pancreatitis-associated lung injury. J. Surg. Res. 128, 21-27.
24. Donoghue, M., Wakimoto, H., Maguire, C.T., Acton, S., Hales, P., Stagliano, N., Fairchild-Huntress, V., Xu, J., Lorenz, J.N., Kadambi, V., et al. (2003). Heart block, ventricular tachycardia, and sudden death in ACE2 transgenic mice with down-regulated connexins. J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 35, 1043-1053.
25. 2 receptor of bradykinin in insulin sensitivity. Hypertension 38, 1355-1360.
26. El Dahr, S.S., Harrison-Bernard, L.M., Dipp, S., Yosipiv, I.V., and Meleg-Smith, S. (2000). Bradykinin B2 null mice are prone to renal dysplasia: gene-environment interactions in kidney development. Physiol. Genomics 3, 121-131.
27. Emanueli, C. and Madeddu, P. (2001). Targeting kinin receptors for the treatment of tissue ischaemia. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 22, 478-484.
28. Emanueli, C., Fink, E., Milia, A.F., Salis, M.B., Conti, M., Demontis, M.P., and Madeddu, P. (1998). Enhanced blood pressure sensitivity to deoxycorticosterone in mice with disruption of bradykinin B2 receptor gene. Hypertension 31, 1278-1283.
29. Emanueli, C., Salis, M.B., Stacca, T., Pintus, G., Kirchmayr, R., Isner, J.M., Pinna, A., Gaspa, L., Regoli, D., Cayla, C., Pesquero, J.B., Bader, M., and Madeddu, P. (2002). Targeting kinin B1 receptor for therapeutic angiogenesis. Circulation 105, 360-366.
30. Esther, C.R. Jr., Howard, T.E., Marino, E.M., Goddard, J.M., Capecchi, M.R., and Bernstein, K.E. (1996). Mice lacking angiotensin-converting enzyme have low blood pressure, renal pathology, and reduced male fertility. Lab. Invest. 74, 953-965.
31. 2 receptor knockout mice. Neuropharmacology 41, 1006-1012.
32. Ferreira, J., Campos, M.M., Araujo, R.C., Bader, M., Pesquero, J.B., and Calixto, J.B. (2002). The use of kinin B1 and B2 receptor knockout mice and selective antagonists to characterize the nociceptive responses caused by kinins at the spinal level. Neuropharmacology 43, 1188-1197.
33. Ferreira, J., Beirith, A., Mori, M.A.S., Araujo, R.C., Bader, M., Pesquero, J.B., and Calixto, J.B. (2005). Reduced nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain in kinin B1 receptor knockout mice. J. Neurosci. 25, 2405-2412.
34. Fischer, H.S., Zernig, G., Hauser, K.F., Gerard, C., Hersh, L.B., and Saria, A. (2002). Neutral endopeptidase knockout induces hyperalgesia in a model of visceral pain, an effect related to bradykinin and nitric oxide. J. Mol. Neurosci. 18, 129-134.
35. Fox, A., Kaur, S., Li, B., Panesar, M., Saha, U., Davis, C., Dragoni, I., Colley, S., Ritchie, T., Bevan, S., et al. (2005). Antihyperalgesic activity of a novel nonpeptide bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist in transgenic mice expressing the human B1 receptor. Br. J. Pharmacol. 144, 889-899.
36. Fu, Y., Katsuya, T., Matsuo, A., Yamamoto, K., Akasaka, H., Takami, Y., Iwashima, Y., Sugimoto, K., Ishikawa, K., Ohishi, M., Rakugi, H., and Ogihara, T. (2004). Relationship of bradykinin B2 receptor gene polymorphism with essential hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Hypertens. Res. 27, 933-938.
37. 1 receptor-deficient mice. Regul. Pept. 127, 245-248.
38. Griol-Charhbili, V., Messadi-Laribi, E., Bascands, J.L., Heudes, D., Meneton, P., Giudicelli, J.F., Alhenc-Gelas, F., and Richer, C. (2005). Role of tissue kallikrein in the cardioprotective effects of ischemic and pharmacological preconditioning in myocardial ischemia. FASEB J. 19, 1172-1174.
39. -/- CRD mice. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 285, R782-R790.
40. Hayashi, I., Oh-ishi, S., Kato, H., Enjyoji, K., Iwanaga, S., and Nakano, T. (1985). Identification of T-kininogen in high and low molecular weight kininogens deficient rat (brown Norway Katholiek strain). Thromb. Res. 39, 313-321.
41. Hayashi, I., Hoshiko, S., Makabe, O., and Oh-ishi, S. (1993). A point mutation of alanine 163 to threonine is responsible for the defective secretion of high molecular weight kininogen by the liver of brown Norway Katholiek rats. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 17219-17224.
42. Hellal, F., Pruneau, D., Palmier, B., Faye, P., Croci, N., Plotkine, M., and Marchand-Verrecchia, C. (2003). Detrimental role of bradykinin B2 receptor in a murine model of diffuse brain injury. J. Neurotrauma 20, 841-851.
43. Hess, J.F., Ransom, R.W., Zeng, Z., Chang, R.S., Hey, P.J., Warren, L., Harrell, C.M., Murphy, K.L., Chen, T.B., Miller, P.J., et al. (2004). Generation and characterization of a human bradykinin receptor B1 transgenic rat as a pharmacodynamic model. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 310, 488-497.
44. Hilgers, R.H., Bergaya, S., Schiffers, P.M., Meneton, P., Boulanger, C.M., Henrion, D., Levy, B.I., and De Mey, J.G. (2003). Uterine artery structural and functional changes during pregnancy in tissue kallikrein-deficient mice. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 23, 1826-1832.
45. Ikeda, Y., Hayashi, I., Kamoshita, E., Yamazaki, A., Endo, H., Ishihara, K., Yamashina, S., Tsutsumi, Y., Matsubara, H., and Majima, M. (2004). Host stromal bradykinin B2 receptor signaling facilitates tumor-associated angiogenesis and tumor growth. Cancer Res. 64, 5178-5185.
46. Imig, J.D., Zhao, X., Orengo, S.R., Dipp, S., and El Dahr, S.S. (2003). The bradykinin B2 receptor is required for full expression of renal COX-2 and renin. Peptides 24, 1141-1147.
47. Isordia-Salas, I., Pixley, R.A., Li, F., Sainz, I., Sartor, R.B., Adam, A., and Colman, R.W. (2002). Kininogen deficiency modulates chronic intestinal inflammation in genetically susceptible rats. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 283, G180-G186.
48. Kakoki, M., Takahashi, N., Jennette, J.C., and Smithies, O. (2004). Diabetic nephropathy is markedly enhanced in mice lacking the bradykinin B2 receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 13302-13305.
49. Kaplan, A.P., Joseph, K., and Silverberg, M. (2002). Pathways for bradykinin formation and inflammatory disease. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 109, 195-209.
50. Kaschina, E., Stoll, M., Sommerfeld, M., Steckelings, U.M., Kreutz, R., and Unger, T. (2004). Genetic kininogen deficiency contributes to aortic aneurysm formation but not to atherosclerosis. Physiol. Genomics 19, 41-49.
51. Katada, J. and Majima, M. (2002). AT(2) receptor-dependent vasodilation is mediated by activation of vascular kinin generation under flow conditions. Br. J. Pharmacol. 136, 484-491.
52. Kitamura, N., Ohkubo, H., and Nakanishi, S. (1987). Molecular biology of the angiotensinogen and kininogen genes. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 10 (Suppl. 7), 49-53.
53. Krege, J.H., John, S.W., Langenbach, L.L., Hodgin, J.B., Hagaman, J.R., Bachman, E.S., Jennette, J.C., O'Brien, D.A., and Smithies, O. (1995). Male-female differences in fertility and blood pressure in ACE- deficient mice. Nature 375, 146-148.
54. Leeb-Lundberg, L.M., Marceau, F., Müller-Esterl, W., Pettibone, D.J., and Zuraw, B.L. (2005). International union of pharmacology. XLV. Classification of the kinin receptor family: from molecular mechanisms to pathophysiological consequences. Pharmacol. Rev. 57, 27-77.
55. Liu, Y.H., Yang, X.P., Mehta, D., Bulagannawar, M., Scicli, G.M., and Carretero, O.A. (2000). Role of kinins in chronic heart failure and in the therapeutic effect of ACE inhibitors in kininogen-deficient rats. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 278, H507-H514.
56. Lu, B., Gerard, N.P., Kolakowski, L.F. Jr., Bozza, M., Zurakowski, D., Finco, O., Carroll, M.C., and Gerard, C. (1995). Neutral endopeptidase modulation of septic shock. J. Exp. Med. 181, 2271-2275.
57. Lu, B., Figini, M., Emanueli, C., Geppetti, P., Grady, E.F., Gerard, N.P., Ansell, J., Payan, D.G., Gerard, C., and Bunnett, N. (1997). The control of microvascular permeability and blood pressure by neutral endopeptidase. Nat. Med. 3, 904-907.
58. Madeddu, P., Varoni, M.V., Palomba, D., Emanueli, C., Demontis, M.P., Glorioso, N., Dessi Fulgheri, P., Sarzani, R., and Anania, V. (1997). Cardiovascular phenotype of a mouse strain with disruption of bradykinin B2-receptor gene. Circulation 96, 3570-3578.
59. Maestri, R., Milia, A.F., Salis, M.B., Graiani, G., Lagrasta, C., Monica, M., Corradi, D., Emanueli, C., and Madeddu, P. (2003). Cardiac hypertrophy and microvascular deficit in kinin B2 receptor knockout mice. Hypertension 41, 1151-1155.
60. Majima, M., Yoshida, O., Muto, T., Mizogami, S., Kuribayashi, Y., Katori, M., and Oh-ishi, S. (1993). High sensitivity to salt in kininogen-deficient brown Norway Katholiek rats. Hypertension 22, 705-714.
61. Majima, M., Mizogami, S., Kuribayashi, Y., Katori, M., and Ohishi, S. (1994). Hypertension induced by a nonpressor dose of angiotensin II in kininogen-deficient rats. Hypertension 24, 111-119.
62. Maltais, I., Bachvarova, M., Maheux, P., Perron, P., Marceau, F., and Bachvarov, D. (2002). Bradykinin B2 receptor gene polymorphism is associated with altered urinary albumin/creatinine values in diabetic patients. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 80, 323-327.
63. Meneton, P., Bloch-Faure, M., Hagege, A.A., Ruetten, H., Huang, W., Bergaya, S., Ceiler, D., Gehring, D., Martins, I., Salmon, G., et al. (2001). Cardiovascular abnormalities with normal blood pressure in tissue kallikrein-deficient mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 2634-2639.
64. 2 receptor. Hypertension 37, 1473-1479.
65. Mori, M.A., Araujo, R.C., Merino, V.F., Reis, F.G., Navarro, A., Bascands, J.L., Schanstra, J.P., Even, P.C., Pesquero, J.L., Paiva, A.C.M., et al. (2005) Protection against high fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes in kinin B1 receptor deficient mice. In: Fourth International Symposium on Obesity and Hypertension, Berlin, Germany, October 27-29, 2005.
66. Ni, A., Yin, H., Agata, J., Yang, Z., Chao, L., and Chao, J. (2003). Overexpression of kinin B1 receptors induces hypertensive response to des-Arg9-bradykinin and susceptibility to inflammation. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 219-225.
67. Pauer, H.U., Renne, T., Hemmerlein, B., Legler, T., Fritzlar, S., Adham, I., Muller-Esterl, W., Emons, G., Sancken, U., Engel, W., and Burfeind, P. (2004). Targeted deletion of murine coagulation factor XII gene-a model for contact phase activation in vivo. Thromb. Haemost. 92, 503-508.
68. Pesquero, J.B. and Bader, M. (1998). Molecular biology of the kallikrein-kinin system: from structure to function. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 31, 1197-1203.
69. Pesquero, J.B., Pesquero, J.L., Oliveira, S.M., Roscher, A.A., Metzger, R., Ganten, D., and Bader, M. (1996). Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a mouse bradykinin B1 receptor gene. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 220, 219-225.
70. Pesquero, J.B., Araujo, R.C., Heppenstall, P.A., Stucky, C.L., Silva, J.A. Jr., Walther, T., Oliveira, S.M., Pesquero, J.L., Paiva, A.C., Calixto, J.B., Lewin, G.R., and Bader, M. (2000). Hypoalgesia and altered inflammatory responses in mice lacking kinin B1 receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 8140-8145.
71. Pinto, Y.M., Bader, M., Pesquero, J.B., Tschöpe, C., Scholtens, E., van Gilst, W.H., and Buikema, H. (2000). Increased kallikrein expression protects against cardiac ischemia. FASEB J. 14, 1861-1863.
72. Renne, T., Pozgajova, M., Gruner, S., Schuh, K., Pauer, H.U., Burfeind, P., Gailani, D., and Nieswandt, B. (2005). Defective thrombus formation in mice lacking coagulation factor XII. J. Exp. Med. 202, 271-281.
73. Rhaleb, N.E., Yang, X.P., Nanba, M., Shesely, E.G., and Carretero, O.A. (2001). Effect of chronic blockade of the kallikrein-kinin system on the development of hypertension in rats. Hypertension 37, 121-128.
74. Ribeiro, J.M., Santos, R.A., Pesquero, J.B., Bader, M., and Krieger, E.M. (2005). Autonomic control in rats with overactivity of tissue renin-angiotensin or kallikrein-kinin system. Regul. Pept. 129, 155-159.
75. Rupniak, N.M., Boyce, S., Webb, J.K., Williams, A.R., Carlson, E.J., Hill, R.G., Borkowski, J.A., and Hess, J.F. (1997). Effects of the bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist des-Arg9[Leu8] bradykinin and genetic disruption of the B2 receptor on nociception in rats and mice. Pain 71, 89-97.
76. Sainz, I.M., Isordia-Salas, I., Castaneda, J.L., Agelan, A., Liu, B., DeLa Cadena, R.A., Pixley, R.A., Adam, A., Sartor, R.B., and Colman, R.W. (2005). Modulation of inflammation by kininogen deficiency in a rat model of inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 52, 2549-2552.
77. 2 transgenic knockout mice. Br. J. Pharmacol. 129, 1732-1738.
78. Saria, A., Hauser, K.F., Traurig, H.H., Turbek, C.S., Hersh, L., and Gerard, C. (1997). Opioid-related changes in nociceptive threshold and in tissue levels of enkephalins after target disruption of the gene for neutral endopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.11) in mice. Neurosci. Lett. 234, 27-30.
79. Schanstra, J.P., Neau, E., Drogoz, P., Arevalo Gomez, M.A., Lopez Novoa, J.M., Calise, C., Pecher, C., Bader, M., Girolami, J.-P., and Bascands, J.-L. (2002). In vivo bradykinin B2-receptor activation reduces renal fibrosis. J. Clin. Invest. 110, 371-379.
80. Schanstra, J.P., Duchene, J., Praddaude, F., Bruneval, P., Tack, I., Chevalier, J., Girolami, J.P., and Bascands, J.L. (2003). Decreased renal NO excretion and reduced glomerular tuft area in mice lacking the bradykinin B2 receptor. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 284, H1904-H1908.
81. Shariat-Madar, Z., Mahdi, F., and Schmaier, A.H. (2002). Identification and characterization of prolylcarboxypeptidase as an endothelial cell prekallikrein activator. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 17962-17969.
82. Siems, W., Maul, B., Krause, W., Gerard, C., Hauser, K.F., Hersh, L.B., Fischer, H.S., Zernig, G., and Saria, A. (2000). Neutral endopeptidase and alcohol consumption, experiments in neutral endopeptidase-deficient mice. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 397, 327-334.
83. Silva, J.A. Jr., Araujo, R.C., Baltatu, O., Oliveira, S.M., Tschöpe, C., Fink, E., Hoffmann, S., Plehm, R., Chai, K.X., Chao, L., et al. (2000). Reduced cardiac hypertrophy and altered blood pressure control in transgenic rats with the human tissue kallikrein gene. FASEB J. 14, 1858-1860.
84. Souza, D.G., Lomez, E.S.L., Pinho, V., Pesquero, J.B., Bader, M., Pesquero, J.L., and Teixeira, M.M. (2004). Role of bradykinin B2 and B1 receptors in the local, remote, and systemic inflammatory responses that follow intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury. J. Immunol. 172, 2542-2548.
85. Sturiale, S., Barbara, G., Qiu, B., Figini, M., Geppetti, P., Gerard, N., Gerard, C., Grady, E.F., Bunnett, N.W., and Collins, S.M. (1999). Neutral endopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.11) terminates colitis by degrading substance P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 11653-11658.
86. Todorov, A.D., Andrade, D., Pesquero, J.B., Araujo, R.C., Bader, M., Stewart, J., Gera, L., Müller-Esterl, W., Morandi, V., Coeli, R., et al. (2003). Trypanosoma cruzi induces edematogenic responses in mice and invades cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells in vitro by activating distinct kinin-receptor (B1/B2) subtypes. FASEB J. 17, 73-75.
87. Trabold, F., Pons, S., Hagege, A.A., Bloch-Faure, M., Alhenc-Gelas, F., Giudicelli, J.F., Richer-Giudicelli, C., and Meneton, P. (2002). Cardiovascular phenotypes of kinin B2 receptor-and tissue kallikrein-deficient mice. Hypertension 40, 90-95.
88. 2+ transport in diabetic heart of transgenic rats expressing the human kallikrein-1 gene. FASEB J. 18, 1967-1969.
89. Tschöpe, C., Walther, T., Königer, J., Spillmann, F., Westermann, D., Escher, F., Pauschinger, M., Pesquero, J.B., Bader, M., Schultheiss, H.P., and Noutsias, M. (2004b). Prevention of cardiac fibrosis and left ventricular dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats by transgenic expression of the human tissue kallikrein gene. FASEB J. 18, 828-835.
90. Tschöpe, C., Walther, T., Escher, F., Spillmann, F., Du, J., Altmann, C., Schimke, I., Bader, M., Sanchez-Ferrer, C.F., Schultheiss, H.P., and Noutsias, M. (2005). Transgenic activation of the kallikrein-kinin system inhibits intramyocardial inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy. FASEB J. 19, 2057-2059.
91. Ueno, A. and Oh-ishi, S. (2003). Roles for the kallikrein-kinin system in inflammatory exudation and pain: lessons from studies on kininogen-deficient rats. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 93, 1-20.
92. Vickers, C., Hales, P., Kaushik, V., Dick, L., Gavin, J., Tang, J., Godbout, K., Parsons, T., Baronas, E., Hsieh, F., et al. (2002). Hydrolysis of biological peptides by human angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 14838-14843.
93. 2 receptor transgenic mice. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 278, F484-F491.
94. Wang, D.Z., Chao, L., and Chao, J. (1997). Hypotension in transgenic mice overexpressing human bradykinin B2 receptor. Hypertension 29, 488-493.
95. Wang, J., Xiong, W., Yang, Z., Davis, T., Dewey, M.J., Chao, J., and Chao, L. (1994). Human tissue kallikrein induces hypotension in transgenic mice. Hypertension 23, 236-243.
96. Xiao, H.D., Fuchs, S., Cole, J.M., Disher, K.M., Sutliff, R.L., and Bernstein, K.E. (2003). Role of bradykinin in angiotensin-converting enzyme knockout mice. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 284, H1969-H1977.
97. Yang, X.P., Liu, Y.H., Scicli, G.M., Webb, C.R., and Carretero, O.A. (1997). Role of kinins in the cardioprotective effect of preconditioning: study of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in B2 kinin receptor knockout mice and kininogen-deficient rats. Hypertension 30, 735-740.
98. Yu, H., Song, Q., Freedman, B.I., Chao, J., Chao, L., Rich, S.S., and Bowden, D.W. (2002). Association of the tissue kallikrein gene promoter with ESRD and hypertension. Kidney Int. 61, 1030-1039.