메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 76, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 95-103

Leishmania major-mediated prevention of programmed cell death induction in infected macrophages is associated with the repression of mitochondrial release of cytochrome c

Author keywords

Apoptosis; Caspase activation; Intracellular parasite; Mitochondria; Ononuclear phagocyte

Indexed keywords

CASPASE; COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR 1; CYTOCHROME C; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; STAUROSPORINE;

EID: 3042782584     PISSN: 07415400     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1001877     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (66)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 0034641918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biochemistry of apoptosis
    • Hengartner, M. O. (2000) The biochemistry of apoptosis. Nature 407, 770-776.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.407 , pp. 770-776
    • Hengartner, M.O.1
  • 2
    • 0030947095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Programmed cell death in animal development
    • Jacobson, M. D., Weil, M., Raff, M. C. (1997) Programmed cell death in animal development. Cell 88, 347-354.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.88 , pp. 347-354
    • Jacobson, M.D.1    Weil, M.2    Raff, M.C.3
  • 3
    • 0034641980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in development
    • Meier, P., Finch, A., Evan, G. (2000) Apoptosis in development. Nature 407, 796-801.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.407 , pp. 796-801
    • Meier, P.1    Finch, A.2    Evan, G.3
  • 4
    • 0028326952 scopus 로고
    • An evolutionary perspective on apoptosis
    • Vaux, D. L., Haecker, G., Strasser, A. (1994) An evolutionary perspective on apoptosis. Cell 76, 777-779.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.76 , pp. 777-779
    • Vaux, D.L.1    Haecker, G.2    Strasser, A.3
  • 5
    • 0033593572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell death in development
    • Vaux, D. L., Korsmeyer, S. J. (1999) Cell death in development. Cell 96, 245-254.
    • (1999) Cell , vol.96 , pp. 245-254
    • Vaux, D.L.1    Korsmeyer, S.J.2
  • 7
    • 0036311492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the origin, evolution, and nature of programmed cell death: A timeline of four billion years
    • Ameisen, J. C. (2002) On the origin, evolution, and nature of programmed cell death: a timeline of four billion years. Cell Death Differ. 9, 367-393.
    • (2002) Cell Death Differ. , vol.9 , pp. 367-393
    • Ameisen, J.C.1
  • 8
    • 0027940172 scopus 로고
    • Programmed cell death: A fundamental protective response to pathogens
    • Williams, G. T. (1994) Programmed cell death: a fundamental protective response to pathogens. Trends Microbiol. 2, 463-464.
    • (1994) Trends Microbiol. , vol.2 , pp. 463-464
    • Williams, G.T.1
  • 9
    • 0028337519 scopus 로고
    • Programmed cell death in plants: A pathogen-triggered response activated coordinately with multiple defense functions
    • Greenberg, J. T., Guo, A., Klessig, D. F., Ausubel, F. M. (1994) Programmed cell death in plants: a pathogen-triggered response activated coordinately with multiple defense functions. Cell 77, 551-563.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.77 , pp. 551-563
    • Greenberg, J.T.1    Guo, A.2    Klessig, D.F.3    Ausubel, F.M.4
  • 10
    • 0029909597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Programmed cell death: A way of life for plants
    • Greenberg, J. T. (1996) Programmed cell death: a way of life for plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 12094-12097.
    • (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.93 , pp. 12094-12097
    • Greenberg, J.T.1
  • 11
    • 0030774875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The iap genes: Unique arbitrators of cell death
    • Clem, R. J., Duckett, C. S. (1997) The iap genes: unique arbitrators of cell death. Trends Cell Biol. 7, 337-339.
    • (1997) Trends Cell Biol. , vol.7 , pp. 337-339
    • Clem, R.J.1    Duckett, C.S.2
  • 12
    • 0030219960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral inhibition of apoptosis
    • Gillet, G., Brun, G. (1996) Viral inhibition of apoptosis. Trends Microbiol. 4, 312-317.
    • (1996) Trends Microbiol. , vol.4 , pp. 312-317
    • Gillet, G.1    Brun, G.2
  • 13
    • 0035160262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis subversion: HIV-Nef provides both armor and sword
    • Ameisen, J. C. (2001) Apoptosis subversion: HIV-Nef provides both armor and sword. Nat. Med. 7, 1181-1182.
    • (2001) Nat. Med. , vol.7 , pp. 1181-1182
    • Ameisen, J.C.1
  • 14
    • 0034192298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M11L: A novel mitochondria-localized protein of myxoma virus that blocks apoptosis of infected leukocytes
    • Everett, H., Barry, M., Lee, S. F., Sun, X., Graham, K., Stone, J., Bleackley, R. C., McFadden, G. (2000) M11L: a novel mitochondria-localized protein of myxoma virus that blocks apoptosis of infected leukocytes. J. Exp. Med. 191, 1487-1498.
    • (2000) J. Exp. Med. , vol.191 , pp. 1487-1498
    • Everett, H.1    Barry, M.2    Lee, S.F.3    Sun, X.4    Graham, K.5    Stone, J.6    Bleackley, R.C.7    McFadden, G.8
  • 15
    • 0031041172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of apoptosis by viral gene products
    • Teodoro, J. G., Branton, P. E. (1997) Regulation of apoptosis by viral gene products. J. Virol. 71, 1739-1746.
    • (1997) J. Virol. , vol.71 , pp. 1739-1746
    • Teodoro, J.G.1    Branton, P.E.2
  • 16
    • 0034651738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains evade apoptosis of infected alveolar macrophages
    • Keane, J., Remold, H. G., Kornfeld, H. (2000) Virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains evade apoptosis of infected alveolar macrophages. J. Immunol. 164, 2016-2020.
    • (2000) J. Immunol. , vol.164 , pp. 2016-2020
    • Keane, J.1    Remold, H.G.2    Kornfeld, H.3
  • 17
    • 0030868515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette Guerin infection prevents apoptosis of resting human monocytes
    • Kremer, L., Estaquier, J., Brandt, E., Ameisen, J. C., Locht, C. (1997) Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette Guerin infection prevents apoptosis of resting human monocytes. Eur. J. Immunol. 27, 2450-2456.
    • (1997) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.27 , pp. 2450-2456
    • Kremer, L.1    Estaquier, J.2    Brandt, E.3    Ameisen, J.C.4    Locht, C.5
  • 18
    • 0034255514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neisseria meningitidis porin PorB interacts with mitochondria and protects cells from apoptosis
    • Massari, P., Ho, Y., Wetzler, L. M. (2000) Neisseria meningitidis porin PorB interacts with mitochondria and protects cells from apoptosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 9070-9075.
    • (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , pp. 9070-9075
    • Massari, P.1    Ho, Y.2    Wetzler, L.M.3
  • 19
    • 0032536526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of apoptosis in chlamydia-infected cells: Blockade of mitochondrial cytochrome c release and caspase activation
    • Fan, T., Lu, H., Hu, H., Shi, L., McClarty, G. A., Nance, D. M., Greenberg, A. H., Zhong, G. (1998) Inhibition of apoptosis in chlamydia-infected cells: blockade of mitochondrial cytochrome c release and caspase activation. J. Exp. Med. 187, 487-496.
    • (1998) J. Exp. Med. , vol.187 , pp. 487-496
    • Fan, T.1    Lu, H.2    Hu, H.3    Shi, L.4    McClarty, G.A.5    Nance, D.M.6    Greenberg, A.H.7    Zhong, G.8
  • 20
    • 0034658622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlamydia pneumoniae inhibits apoptosis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells through induction of IL-10
    • Geng, Y., Shane, R. B., Berencsi, K., Gonezol, E., Zaki, M. H., Margolis, D. J., Trinchieri, G., Rook, A. H. (2000) Chlamydia pneumoniae inhibits apoptosis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells through induction of IL-10. J. Immunol. 164, 5522-5529.
    • (2000) J. Immunol. , vol.164 , pp. 5522-5529
    • Geng, Y.1    Shane, R.B.2    Berencsi, K.3    Gonezol, E.4    Zaki, M.H.5    Margolis, D.J.6    Trinchieri, G.7    Rook, A.H.8
  • 22
    • 0028294578 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular infection by Leishmania donovani inhibits macrophage apoptosis
    • Moore, K. J., Matlashewski, G. (1994) Intracellular infection by Leishmania donovani inhibits macrophage apoptosis. J. Immunol. 152, 2930-2937.
    • (1994) J. Immunol. , vol.152 , pp. 2930-2937
    • Moore, K.J.1    Matlashewski, G.2
  • 23
    • 0032519416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxoplasma gondii-infected cells are resistant to multiple inducers of apoptosis
    • Nash, P. B., Purner, M. B., Leon, R. P., Clarke, P., Duke, R. C., Curiel, T. J. (1998) Toxoplasma gondii-infected cells are resistant to multiple inducers of apoptosis. J. Immunol. 160, 1824-1830.
    • (1998) J. Immunol. , vol.160 , pp. 1824-1830
    • Nash, P.B.1    Purner, M.B.2    Leon, R.P.3    Clarke, P.4    Duke, R.C.5    Curiel, T.J.6
  • 24
    • 0032964999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasion by Toxoplasma gondii protects human-derived HL-60 cells from actinomycin D-induced apoptosis
    • Goebel, S., Lǔder, C. G., Gross, U. (1999) Invasion by Toxoplasma gondii protects human-derived HL-60 cells from actinomycin D-induced apoptosis. Med. Microbiol. Immunol. (Berl.) 187, 221-226.
    • (1999) Med. Microbiol. Immunol. (Berl.) , vol.187 , pp. 221-226
    • Goebel, S.1    Lǔder, C.G.2    Gross, U.3
  • 25
    • 0032222470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxoplasma gondii inhibits the in vitro induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells
    • Goebel, S., Luder, C. G., Lugert, R., Bohne, W., Gross, U. (1998) Toxoplasma gondii inhibits the in vitro induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells. Tokai J. Exp. Clin. Med. 23, 351-356.
    • (1998) Tokai J. Exp. Clin. Med. , vol.23 , pp. 351-356
    • Goebel, S.1    Luder, C.G.2    Lugert, R.3    Bohne, W.4    Gross, U.5
  • 26
    • 0028943734 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of disease
    • Thompson, C. B. (1995) Apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of disease. Science 267, 1456-1462.
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 1456-1462
    • Thompson, C.B.1
  • 27
    • 0028670370 scopus 로고
    • From AIDS to parasite infection: Pathogen-mediated subversion of programmed cell death as a mechanism for immune dysregulation
    • Ameisen, J. C., Estaquier, J., Idziorek, T. (1994) From AIDS to parasite infection: pathogen-mediated subversion of programmed cell death as a mechanism for immune dysregulation. Immunol. Rev. 142, 9-51.
    • (1994) Immunol. Rev. , vol.142 , pp. 9-51
    • Ameisen, J.C.1    Estaquier, J.2    Idziorek, T.3
  • 28
    • 0027374664 scopus 로고
    • Bordetella pertussis induces apoptosis in macrophages: Role of adenylate cyclase-hemolysin
    • Khelef, N., Zychlinsky, A., Guiso, N. (1993) Bordetella pertussis induces apoptosis in macrophages: role of adenylate cyclase-hemolysin. Infect. Immun. 61, 4064-4071.
    • (1993) Infect. Immun. , vol.61 , pp. 4064-4071
    • Khelef, N.1    Zychlinsky, A.2    Guiso, N.3
  • 29
    • 0033563093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNF-α and IL-10 modulate the induction of apoptosis by virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis in murine macrophages
    • Rojas, M., Olivier, M., Gros, P., Barrera, L. F., Garcia, L. F. (1999) TNF-α and IL-10 modulate the induction of apoptosis by virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis in murine macrophages. J. Immunol. 162, 6122-6131.
    • (1999) J. Immunol. , vol.162 , pp. 6122-6131
    • Rojas, M.1    Olivier, M.2    Gros, P.3    Barrera, L.F.4    Garcia, L.F.5
  • 30
    • 0030070367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Listeria monocytogenes induces apoptosis of infected hepatocytes
    • Rogers, H. W., Callery, M. P., Deck, B., Unanue, E. R. (1996) Listeria monocytogenes induces apoptosis of infected hepatocytes. J. Immunol. 156, 679-684.
    • (1996) J. Immunol. , vol.156 , pp. 679-684
    • Rogers, H.W.1    Callery, M.P.2    Deck, B.3    Unanue, E.R.4
  • 32
    • 0026635783 scopus 로고
    • Shigella flexneri induces apoptosis in infected macrophages
    • Zychlinsky, A., Prevost, M. C., Sansonetti, P. J. (1992) Shigella flexneri induces apoptosis in infected macrophages. Nature 358, 167-169.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.358 , pp. 167-169
    • Zychlinsky, A.1    Prevost, M.C.2    Sansonetti, P.J.3
  • 34
    • 0025818157 scopus 로고
    • Helper T-cell subsets in mouse leishmaniasis: Induction, expansion and effector function
    • Locksley, R. M., Scott, P. (1991) Helper T-cell subsets in mouse leishmaniasis: induction, expansion and effector function. Immunol. Today 12, A58-A61.
    • (1991) Immunol. Today , vol.12
    • Locksley, R.M.1    Scott, P.2
  • 35
    • 0002235650 scopus 로고
    • Macrophages as destructive cells in host defense
    • (Gallin, J. I. Goldstein, I. M., Snyderman, R., eds.) Raven Press, New York, NY
    • Adams, D. O., Hamilton, T. A. (1992) Macrophages as destructive cells in host defense. In Inflammation: Basic Principles in Clinical Correlates, 2nd ed. (Gallin, J. I. Goldstein, I. M., Snyderman, R., eds.) Raven Press, New York, NY, 637-662.
    • (1992) Inflammation: Basic Principles in Clinical Correlates, 2nd Ed. , pp. 637-662
    • Adams, D.O.1    Hamilton, T.A.2
  • 36
    • 0034630317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptotic DNA fragmentation
    • Nagata, S. (2000) Apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Exp. Cell Res. 256, 12-18.
    • (2000) Exp. Cell Res. , vol.256 , pp. 12-18
    • Nagata, S.1
  • 37
    • 0029847368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional diversity of helper T lymphocytes
    • Abbas, A. K., Murphy, K. M., Sher, A. (1996) Functional diversity of helper T lymphocytes. Nature 383, 787-793.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.383 , pp. 787-793
    • Abbas, A.K.1    Murphy, K.M.2    Sher, A.3
  • 39
    • 0034161360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leishmania donovani infection of bone marrow stromal macrophages selectively enhances myelopoiesis, by a mechanism involving GM-CSF and TNF-α
    • Cotterell, S. E. J., Engwerda, C. R., Kaye, M. (2000) Leishmania donovani infection of bone marrow stromal macrophages selectively enhances myelopoiesis, by a mechanism involving GM-CSF and TNF-α. Blood 95, 1642-1651.
    • (2000) Blood , vol.95 , pp. 1642-1651
    • Cotterell, S.E.J.1    Engwerda, C.R.2    Kaye, M.3
  • 42
    • 0026504147 scopus 로고
    • Social controls on cell survival and cell death
    • Raff, M. C. (1992) Social controls on cell survival and cell death. Nature 356, 397-400.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.356 , pp. 397-400
    • Raff, M.C.1
  • 43
    • 0026708718 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of immunity to parasites by T cells and T cell-derived cytokines
    • Sher, A., Coffman, R. L. (1992) Regulation of immunity to parasites by T cells and T cell-derived cytokines. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 10, 385-409.
    • (1992) Annu. Rev. Immunol. , vol.10 , pp. 385-409
    • Sher, A.1    Coffman, R.L.2
  • 44
    • 0030808953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for T-helper type-1 and type-2 cytokines in the regulation of human monocyte apoptosis
    • Estaquier, J., Ameisen, J. C. (1997) A role for T-helper type-1 and type-2 cytokines in the regulation of human monocyte apoptosis. Blood 90, 1618-1625.
    • (1997) Blood , vol.90 , pp. 1618-1625
    • Estaquier, J.1    Ameisen, J.C.2
  • 45
    • 0026012078 scopus 로고
    • Lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-1 β prevent programmed cell death (apoptosis) in human peripheral blood monocytes
    • Mangan, D. F., Welch, G. R., Wahl, S. M. (1991) Lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-1 β prevent programmed cell death (apoptosis) in human peripheral blood monocytes. J. Immunol. 146, 1541-1546.
    • (1991) J. Immunol. , vol.146 , pp. 1541-1546
    • Mangan, D.F.1    Welch, G.R.2    Wahl, S.M.3
  • 46
    • 0033835065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fas engagement accelerates liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy
    • Desbarats, J., Newell, M. K. (2000) Fas engagement accelerates liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Nat. Med. 6, 920-923.
    • (2000) Nat. Med. , vol.6 , pp. 920-923
    • Desbarats, J.1    Newell, M.K.2
  • 47
    • 0034641898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD95's deadly mission in the immune system
    • Krammer, P. H. (2000) CD95's deadly mission in the immune system. Nature 407, 789-795.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.407 , pp. 789-795
    • Krammer, P.H.1
  • 48
    • 0030892234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis by death factor
    • Nagata, S. (1997) Apoptosis by death factor. Cell 88, 355-365.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.88 , pp. 355-365
    • Nagata, S.1
  • 51
    • 0032575752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondria and apoptosis
    • Green, D. R., Reed, J. C. (1998) Mitochondria and apoptosis. Science 281, 1309-1312.
    • (1998) Science , vol.281 , pp. 1309-1312
    • Green, D.R.1    Reed, J.C.2
  • 52
    • 0034616946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptotic pathways: Paper wraps stone blunts scissors
    • Green, D. R. (2000) Apoptotic pathways: paper wraps stone blunts scissors. Cell 102, 1-4.
    • (2000) Cell , vol.102 , pp. 1-4
    • Green, D.R.1
  • 55
    • 0033596980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An APAF-1.cytochrome c multimeric complex is a functional apoptosome that activates procaspase-9
    • Zou, H., Li, Y., Liu, X., Wang, X. (1999) An APAF-1.cytochrome c multimeric complex is a functional apoptosome that activates procaspase-9. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 11549-11556.
    • (1999) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.274 , pp. 11549-11556
    • Zou, H.1    Li, Y.2    Liu, X.3    Wang, X.4
  • 56
    • 0032575750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caspases: Enemies within
    • Thornberry, N. A., Lazebnik, Y. (1998) Caspases: enemies within. Science 281, 1312-1316.
    • (1998) Science , vol.281 , pp. 1312-1316
    • Thornberry, N.A.1    Lazebnik, Y.2
  • 57
    • 0033179760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BCL-2 family members and the mitochondria in apoptosis
    • Gross, A., McDonnell, J. M., Korsmeyer, S. J. (1999) BCL-2 family members and the mitochondria in apoptosis. Genes Dev. 13, 1899-1911.
    • (1999) Genes Dev. , vol.13 , pp. 1899-1911
    • Gross, A.1    McDonnell, J.M.2    Korsmeyer, S.J.3
  • 58
    • 0034459567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrophages-require constitutive NF-κB activation to maintain A1 expression and mitochondrial homeostasis
    • Pagliari, L. J., Perlman, H., Liu, H., Pope, R. M. (2000) Macrophages-require constitutive NF-κB activation to maintain A1 expression and mitochondrial homeostasis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 8855-8865.
    • (2000) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 8855-8865
    • Pagliari, L.J.1    Perlman, H.2    Liu, H.3    Pope, R.M.4
  • 59
    • 0034674551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AI functions at the mitochondria to delay endothelial apoptosis in response to tumor necrosis factor
    • Duriez, P. J., Wong, F., Dorovini-Zis, K., Shahidi, R., Karsan, A. (2000) AI functions at the mitochondria to delay endothelial apoptosis in response to tumor necrosis factor. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 18099-18107.
    • (2000) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.275 , pp. 18099-18107
    • Duriez, P.J.1    Wong, F.2    Dorovini-Zis, K.3    Shahidi, R.4    Karsan, A.5
  • 60
    • 0033571108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The antiinflammatory sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide inhibits NF-K B by targeting the I-K B kinase complex
    • Hehner, S. P., Hofmann, T. G., Droge, W., Schmitz, M. L. (1999) The antiinflammatory sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide inhibits NF-K B by targeting the I-K B kinase complex. J. Immunol. 163, 5617-5623.
    • (1999) J. Immunol. , vol.163 , pp. 5617-5623
    • Hehner, S.P.1    Hofmann, T.G.2    Droge, W.3    Schmitz, M.L.4
  • 61
    • 0028244816 scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor: A pleiotropic cytokine and therapeutic target
    • Tracey, K. J., Cerami, A. (1994) Tumor necrosis factor: a pleiotropic cytokine and therapeutic target. Annu. Rev. Med. 45, 491-503.
    • (1994) Annu. Rev. Med. , vol.45 , pp. 491-503
    • Tracey, K.J.1    Cerami, A.2
  • 62
    • 0025849761 scopus 로고
    • Leishmania donovani lipophosphoglycan selectively inhibits signal transduction in macrophages
    • Descoteaux, A., Turco, S. J., Sacks, D. L., Matlashewski, G. (1991) Leishmania donovani lipophosphoglycan selectively inhibits signal transduction in macrophages. J. Immunol. 146, 2747-2753.
    • (1991) J. Immunol. , vol.146 , pp. 2747-2753
    • Descoteaux, A.1    Turco, S.J.2    Sacks, D.L.3    Matlashewski, G.4
  • 63
    • 0035895540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptotic molecular machine: Vastly increased complexity in vertebrates revealed by genome comparisons
    • Aravind, L., Dixit, V. M., Koonin, E. V. (2001) Apoptotic molecular machine: vastly increased complexity in vertebrates revealed by genome comparisons. Science 291, 1279-1284.
    • (2001) Science , vol.291 , pp. 1279-1284
    • Aravind, L.1    Dixit, V.M.2    Koonin, E.V.3
  • 65
    • 0037100438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophil granulocytes by the intracellular parasite Leishmania major
    • Aga, E., Kaschinski, D. M., Zandbergen, G. V., Laufs, H., Hansen, B., Muller, K., Solbach, W., Laskay, T. (2002) Inhibition of the spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophil granulocytes by the intracellular parasite Leishmania major. J. Immunol. 169, 898-905.
    • (2002) J. Immunol. , vol.169 , pp. 898-905
    • Aga, E.1    Kaschinski, D.M.2    Zandbergen, G.V.3    Laufs, H.4    Hansen, B.5    Muller, K.6    Solbach, W.7    Laskay, T.8


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.