Atmospheric organic and bio-aerosols as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN): A review

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 40, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 795-820

  Sun, Jiming ^a   Ariya, Parisa A ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

(bio) chemical reaction; CCN ability of pure OC; Organic cloud condensation nuclei; Sources of organic CCN

Indexed keywords

CLOUDS; CONDENSATION; CONTACT ANGLE; HEALTH RISKS; MORPHOLOGY; SURFACE TENSION; TOXICITY;

(BIO) CHEMICAL REACTION; CCN ABILITY OF PURE OC; ORGANIC CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI (CCN); SOURCES OF ORGANIC CCN;

ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS;

ADIPIC ACID; CARBOXYLIC ACID; DICARBOXYLIC ACID; FATTY ACID; GLUTARIC ACID; MALIC ACID; MALONIC ACID; ORGANIC COMPOUND; OXALIC ACID; PHTHALIC ACID; SUCCINIC ACID;

AEROSOL; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEUS; MICROORGANISM; ORGANIC COMPOUND;

AEROSOL; AIR POLLUTION; AIRBORNE PARTICLE; BACTERIUM; BIOSPHERE; CHEMICAL REACTION; CLIMATE CHANGE; CONTACT ANGLE; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; HUMIC SUBSTANCE; MORPHOLOGY; ORGANIC POLLUTION; OXIDATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SOLUBILITY; SOOT; SURFACE TENSION; SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER; THEORY; VOLATILIZATION; WETTABILITY;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

EID: 29944445558     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.05.052     Document Type: Review

References (223)

1. K. Acker, S. Mertes, D. Moller, W. Wieprecht, R. Auel, and D. Kalasz Case study of cloud physical and chemical processes in low clouds at Mt. Brocken Atmospheric Research 64 2002 41 51
2. E. Alvarez, G. Vazquez, M. Sanchez_Vilas, B. Sanjurjo, and J.M. Navaza Surface tension of organic acids+water binary mixtures from 20°C to 50°C Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 42 1997 957 960
3. Y. Andersson-Sköld, and D. Simpson Secondary organic aerosol formation in Northern Europe: a model study Journal of Geophysical Research 106 2001 7357 7374
4. M.O. Andreae, E.V. Browell, M. Garstang, G.L. Gregory, R.C. Harriss, G.F. Hill, D.J. Jacob, M.C. Pereira, and G.W. Sachse Biomass-burning emissions and associated haze layers over Amazonia Journal of Geophysical Research 93 1988 1509 1527
5. M.O. Andreae, R.W. Talbot, T.W. Andreae, and R.C. Harriss Formic and acetic acids over the central Amazon region, Brazil. 1. Dry season Journal of Geophysical Research 93 1988 1616 1624
6. E. Andrews, S.M. Kreidenweis, J.E. Penner, and S.M. Larson Potential origin of organic cloud condensation nuclei observed at marine site Journal of Geophysical Research 102 1997 21997 22012
7. P.A. Ariya, and M. Amyot Bioaerosols: impact on physics and chemistry of the atmosphere Atmospheric Environment 38 2004 1231 1233
8. P.A. Ariya, O. Nepotchatykh, O. Ignatova, and M. Amyot Microbiological degradation of atmospheric organic compounds Geophysical Research Letters 29 2002 34/1 34/4
9. P. Artaxo, and H.-C. Hansson Size distribution of biogenic aerosol particles from the Amazon Basin Atmospheric Environment 29 1995 393 402
10. B.T. Asad, Mmereki, and D.J. Donaldson Enhanced uptake of water by oxidatively processed oleic acid Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics A. Discussions 4 2004 4019 4038
11. H. Bauer, A. Kasper-Giebl, M. Loflund, H. Giebl, R. Hitzenberger, F. Zibuschka, and H. Puxbaum The contribution of bacteria and fungal spores to the organic carbon content of cloud water, precipitation and aerosols Atmospheric Research 64 2002 109 119
12. H. Bauer, H. Giebl, R. Hitzenberger, A. Kasper-Giebl, G. Reischl, F. Zibuschka, and H. Puxbaum Airborne bacteria as cloudcondensation nuclei Journal of Geophysical Research 108 2003 AAC2/1 AAC2/5
13. E.K. Bigg Discrepancy between observation and prediction of concentrations of cloud concentration nuclei Atmospheric Research 20 1986 81 86
14. M. Bilde, and B. Svenningsson CCN activation of slightly organics: the importance of small amounts of inorganic salt and particle phase Tellus 56B 2004 128 134
15. T.C. Bond, D.G. Streets, K.F. Yarber, S.M. Nelson, J.H. Woo, and Z. Klimont A technology-based global inventory of black and organic carbon emissions from combustion Journal of Geophysical Research 109 2004 D14203 10.1029/2003JD003967
16. 3, and the influence of water vapour: particle size distribution studies Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2 2002 183 196
17. B. Brantner, H. Fierlinger, H. Puxbaum, and A. Berner Cloudwater chemistry in the subcooled droplet regime at Mount Sonnblick (3.106 m A.S.L., Salzburg, Austria) Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 74 1994 363 384
18. K. Broekhuizen, P.P. Kumar, and J.P.D. Abbatt Partially soluble organics as cloud condensation nuclei: role of trace soluble and surface active species Geophysical Research Letters 31 L01 2004 107 10.1029/2003GL018203
19. K.E. Broekhuizen, T. Thornberry, P.P. Kumar, and J.P.D. Abbatt Formation of cloud condensation nuclei by oxidative processing: Unsaturated fatty acids Journal of Geophysical Research 109 2004 D24206
20. S.H. Cadle, and P.J. Groblicki An evaluation of methods for the determination of oranic and elemental carbon in particulate samples G.T. Wolff R.L. Klimisch Particulate Carbon-Atmospheric Life Cycle 1982 Plenum New York 89 109
21. A. Calogirou, B.R. Larsen, and D. Kotzias Gas-phase terpene oxidation products: a review Atmospheric Environment 33 1999 1423 1439
22. F. Cavalli, M.C. Facchini, S. Decesari, M. Mircea, L. Emblico, S. Fuzzi, D. Ceburnis, Y.J. Yoon, C.D. O'Dowd, J.-P. Putaud, and A. Dell'Acqua Advances in characterization of size-resolved organic matter in marine aerosol over the North Atlantic Journal of Geophysical Research 109 2004 D24215 10.1029/2004JD005137
23. K. Chapin Clinical microscopy Manual of Clinical Microbiology sixth ed 1995 American Society for Microbiology Washington, DC 33 51
24. R.J. Charlson, J.E. Lovelock, M.O. Andrea, and S.G. Warren Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulfur, cloud albedo and climate Nature 326 1987 655 661
25. R.J. Charlson, J.H. Seinfeld, A. Nenes, M. Kulmala, A. Laaksonen, and M.C. Facchini Reshaping the theory of cloud formation Science 292 2001 2025 2026
26. A.R. Chughtai, J.A. Jassim, J.H. Peterson, D.H. Stedman, and D.M. Smith Spectroscopic and solubility characteristics of oxidized soots Aerosol Science and Technology 15 1991 112 126
27. A.R. Chughtai, M.E. Brooks, and D.M. Smith Hydration of black carbon Journal of Geophysic al Research 101 1996 19505 19514
28. A.R. Chughtai, N.J. Miller, D.M. Smith, and J.R. Pitts Carbonaceous particle hydration III Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 34 1999 259 279
29. S.H. Chung, and J.H. Seinfeld Global distribution and climate forcing of carbonaceous aerosols Journal of Geophysical Research 107 D19 2002 4407 10.1029/2001JD001397
30. P. Chylek, and J.G.D. Wong Erroneous use of the modified Kohler equation in cloud and aerosol physics applications Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 55 1998 1473 1477
31. J.L. Collett Jr., K.J. Hoag, D.E. Sherman, A. Bator, and L.W. Richards Spatial and temporal variations in San Joaquin Valley fog chemistry Atmospheric Environment 33 1999 129 140
32. C.E. Corrigan, and T. Novakov Cloud condensation nucleus activity of organic compounds: a laboratory study Atmospheric Environment 33 1999 2661 2668
33. V. Cote, and P.A. Ariya Kinetics and product study of microbiological degradation of selected organic compounds with airborne fungi Environmental Microbiology 2004 submitted for publication
34. V. Cote, and P.A. Ariya Identification of bioaerosols, and chemical tranformation of organic compounds induced by airborne taxa Environmental Microbiology 2004 submitted for publication
35. C.N. Cruz, and S.N. Pandis A study of the ability of pure secondary organic aerosol to act as cloud condensation nuclei Atmospheric Environment 33 1997 2661 2668
36. C.N. Cruz, and S.N. Pandis The effect of organic coatings on the cloud condensation nuclei activation of inorganic atmospheric aerosol Journal of Geophysical Research 103 1998 13,111 13,123
37. G.A. Dawson, J.C. Farmer, and J.L. Moyers Formic and acetic acids in the atmosphere of the southwest USA Geophysical Research Letters 7 1980 725 728
38. S. Decesari, M.C. Facchini, E. Matta, M. Mircea, S. Fuzzi, A.R. Chughtai, and D.M. Smith Water soluble organic compounds formed by oxidation of soot Atmospheric Environment 36 2002 1827 1832
39. E. Demou, H. Visram, D.J. Donaldson, and P.A. Makar Uptake of water by organic films: the dependence on the film oxidation state Atmospheric Environment 37 2003 3529 3537
40. F. Desalmand, R. Serpolay, and J. Podzimek Some specific features of the aerosol particle concentrations during the dry season and during a bushfire event in West Africa Atmospheric Environment 19 1985 1535 1543
41. G.J. Doyle Self-nucleation in the sulfuric acid-water system Journal of Chemical Physics 35 1961 795 799
42. Y. Dubowski, J. Vieceli, D.J. Tobias, A. Gomez, A. Lin, S.A. Nizkorodov, T.M. McIntire, and B.J. Finlayson-Pitts Interaction of gas-phase ozone at 296 K with unsaturated self-assembled monolayers: a new look at an old system Journal of Physical Chemistry A 108 2004 10473 10485
43. E. Egeman, N. Nirmalakhandan, and C. Trevizo Predicting surface tension of liquid organic solvents Environmental Science and Technology 34 2000 2596 2600
44. G.B. Ellison, A.F. Tuck, and V. Vaida Atmospheric processing of organic aerosols Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres 104 1999 11633 11641
45. M.C. Facchini, S. Fuzzi, S. Zappoli, A. Andracchio, A. Gelencsér, G. Kiss, Z. Krivácsy, E. Mészáros, H-C. Hansson, T. Alsberg, and Y. Zebühr Partitioning of the organic aerosol component between fog droplets and interstitial air Journal of Geophysical Research 104 1999 26,821 26,832
46. M.C. Facchini, M. Mircea, S. Fuzzi, and R. Charlson Cloud albedo enhancement by surface-active organic solutes in growing droplets Nature 401 1999 257 259
47. M.C. Facchini, S. Decesari, M. Mircea, S. Fuzzi, and G. Loglio Surface tension of atmospheric wet aerosol and cloud/fog droplets in relation to their organic carbon content and chemical composition Atmospheric Environment 34 2000 4853 4857
48. A.H. Falkovich, E.R. Graber, G. Schkolnik, Y. Rudich, W. Maenhaut, and P. Artaxo Low molecular weight organic acids in aerosol particles from Rondônia, Brazil, during the biomass-burning, transition and wet periods Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 4 2004 6867 6907
49. C. Fan, P. Lioy, C. Weschler, N. Fiedler, H. Kipen, and J. Zhang Ozone-initiated reactions with mixtures of volatile organic compounds under simulated indoor conditions Environmental Science and Technology 37 2003 1811 1821
50. J.W. Fitzgerald, and W.A. Hoppel Equilibrium size of atmospheric aerosol particles as a function of relative humidity: calculations based on measured aerosol properties L.H. Ruhnke A. Deepak Hygroscopic Aerosols 1984 Deepak Publishing Hampton, VA
51. N.H. Fletcher The Physics of Rain Clouds 1962 Cambridge, University Press Cambridge
52. G.D. Franc, and P.J. DeMott Cloud activation of airborne Erwinia carotovora cells Journal of Applied Meteorology 37 1998 1293 1300
53. S. Fuzzi, P. Mandrioli, and A. Perfetto Short communication: fog droplets - an atmospheric source of secondary biological aerosol particles Atmospheric Environment 31 1997 287 290
54. S. Gao, D.A. Hegg, P.V. Hobbs, T.W. Kirchstetter, B.I. Magi, and M. Sadilek Water-soluble organic components in aerosols associated with savanna fires in southern Africa: identification, evolution, and distribution Journal of Geophysical Research 108 D13 2003 8491 10.1029/2002JD002324
55. H. Giebl, A. Berner, G. Reischl, H. Puxbaum, A. Kasper-Giebl, and R. Hitzenberger CCN activation of oxalic and malonic acid test aerosols with the University of Vienna cloud condensation nuclei counter Aerosol Science 33 2002 1623 1634
56. P.S. Gill, T.E. Graedel, and C.J. Weschler Organic films on atmospheric aerosol particles, fog droplets, cloud droplets raindrops, and snowflakes Review of Geophysics and Space Physics 21 1983 903 920
57. M. Glasius, M. Lahaniati, A. Calogirou, D. Di Bella, N.R. Jensen, J. Hjorth, D. Kotzias, and B.R. Larsen Carboxylic acids in secondary aerosols from oxidation of cyclic monoterpenes by ozone Environmental Science and Technology 34 2000 1001 1010
58. B. Gorbunov, and R. Hamilton Water nucleation on aerosol particles containing both soluble and insoluble substances Journal of Aerosol Sciences 28 1997 239 248
59. B. Gorbunov, R. Hamilton, N. Clegg, and R. Toumi Water nucleation on aerosol particles containing both organic and soluble inorganic substances Atmospheric Research 47 1998 271 283
60. T.E. Graedel, D.T. Hawkins, and L.D. Claxton Atmospheric Chemical Compounds: Sources, Occurrence and Bioassay 1986 Academic Press Orlando, FL
61. R.J. Griffin, D. Dabdub, and J.H. Seinfeld Estimate of global atmospheric organic aerosol from oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbons Geophysical Research Letters 26 1999 2721 2724
62. D. Grosjean, E.L.I. Williams, and J.H. Seinfeld Atmospheric oxidation of selected terpenes and related carbonyls: gas-phase carbonyl products Environmental Science and Technology 26 1992 1526 1533
63. D. Grosjean, E.L.I. Williams, E. Grosjean, J.M. Andino, and J.H. Seinfeld Atmospheric oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbons: reaction of ozone with β-pinene, d-limonene and trans-caryophyllene Environmental Science and Technology 27 1993 2754 2758
64. G. Hanel The properties of atmospheric aerosol particles as functions of the relative humidity at thermodynamic equilibrium with the surrounding moist air Advanced Geophysics 19 1976 73 188
65. N. Havers, P. Burba, J. Lambert, and D. Klockow Spectroscopic characterization of humic-like substances in airborne particulate matter Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 29 1998 45 54
66. D.A. Hegg, P.V. Hobbs, R.J. Ferek, and A.P. Waggoner Measurements of some aerosol properties relevant to radiative forcing on the East Coast of the United States Journal of Applied Meteorology 34 1995 2306 2315
67. D.A. Hegg, S. Gao, and H. Jonsson Measurements of selected dicarboxylic acids in marine cloud water Atmospheric Research 62 2002 1 10
68. J. Heintzenberg Fine particles in the global troposphere: a review Tellus 41B 1989 149 160
69. P. Herckes, M.P. Hannigan, L. Trenary, T. Lee, and J.L. Collett Jr. Organic compounds in radiation fogs in Davis (California) Atmospheric Research 64 2002 99 108
70. L.J. Herlihy, J.N. Galloway, and A.L. Mills Bacterial utilization of formic and acetic acid in the rainwater Atmospheric Environment 21 1987 2397 2402
71. R. Hitzenberger, A. Berner, H. Giebl, R. Kromp, S. Larson, A. Rouc, S.M. Koch, and H. Puxbaum Contribution of carbonaceous material to cloud condensation nuclei concentrations in European background (Mt. Sonnblick) and urban (Vienna) aerosols Atmospheric Environment 33 1999 2647 2659
72. P.V. Hobbs, H. Harrison, and E. Robinson Atmospheric effects of pollutants Science 183 1974 909 915
73. Hoffmann, T. (Ed.), 2001. Final Report of the 5th Framework Programme of the EU project OSOA (Origin and Formation of Secondary Organic Aerosol), contract EVK2-CT-1999-00016, available via the ftp:http://www.isasdortmund.de/ 2002/e/sta_/ho_mann/osoa/index.htmlhtml
74. J.G. Holt N.R. Krieg P.H.A. Sneath J.T. Staley S.T. Williams Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology nineth ed 1994 Williams and Wilkins Baltimore 527 558
75. H. Holzinger, A. Lee, U.K.T. Paw, and A.H. Goldstein Observations of oxidation products above a forest imply biogenic emissions of very reactive compounds Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 4 2004 5345 5365
76. M. Hori, S. Ohta, N. Murao, and S. Yamagata Concentrations of water soluble organic aerosols at Mt. Lemmon in Arizona Journal of Global Environmental Engineering 5 1990 11 25
77. M. Hori, O. Sachio, M. Naoto, and Y. Sadamu Activation capability of water soluble organic substances as CCN Aerosol Sciences 34 2003 419 448
78. P.H. Howard W.M. Meylan CRC Handbook of Physical Properties of Organic Chemicals 1997 CRC Press Boca Raton, FL
79. J.G. Hudson Cloud condensation nuclei Journal of Applied Meteorology 32 1992 596 607
80. H.-M. Hung, Y. Katrib, and S.T. Martin Products and mechanisms of the reaction of oleic acid with ozone and nitrate radical Journal of Physical Chemistry A, ASAP Article 2005
81. C.J. Hurst, R.L. Crawford, G.R. Knudsen, M.J. McInerney, and L.D. Stetzenbach Manual of Environmental Microbiology second ed 2002 ASM Press Washington, DC
82. L. Husain, and V.A. Dutkiewicz A long-term (1975-1988) study of atmospheric sulfate: regional contributions and concentration trends Atmospheric Environment 24 1990 1175 1187
83. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2001. Aerosols, their direct and indirect effects. In: Houghton, J.T. et al. (Eds.), Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 293pp.
84. Y. Ishizaka, and A.M. Adhikari Composition of cloud condensation nuclei Journal of Geophysical Research 108 2003 474 490
85. M.C. Jacobson, H.-C. Hansson, K.J. Noone, and R.J. Charlson Organic atmospheric aerosols: review and state of the science Reviews of Geophysics 38 2000 267 294
86. R. Jaenicke Abundance of cellular material and proteins in the atmosphere Science 308 2005 73
87. x/air in the presence of natural sunlight Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 43 2003 101 141
88. 3/air in the absence of light and α-pinene+β-pinene/NOx/air in the presence of natural sunlight Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 44 2003 259 297
89. M.E. Jenkin, D.E. Shallcross, and J.N. Harvey Development and application of a possible mechanism for the generation of cis-pinic acid from the ozonolysis of a- and b-pinene Atmospheric Environment 34 2000 2837 2848
90. F. Joos, and U. Baltensperger A field study on chemistry, S(IV) oxidation rates and vertical transport during fog conditions Atmospheric Environment 25A 1991 217 230
91. R.M. Kamens, M. Jang, C.J. Chien, and K. Leach Aerosol formation from the reaction of α-pinene and ozone using a gas-phase kinetics-aerosol partitioning model Environmental Science and Technology 33 1999 1430 1438
92. M. Kanakidou, J.H. Seinfeld, S.N. Pandis, I. Barnes, F.J. Dentener, M.C. Facchini, R. van Dingenen, B. Ervens, A. Nenes, C.J. Nielsen, E. Swietlicki, J.P. Putaud, Y. Balkanski, S. Fuzzi, J. Horth, G.K. Moortgat, R. Winterhalter, C.E.L. Myhre, K. Tsigaridis, E. Vignati, E.G. Stephanou, and J. Wilson Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 4 2004 5855 6024
93. Y. Katrib, S.T. Martin, H.M. Hung, Y. Rudich, H. Zhang, J. Slowik, P. Davidovits, J.T. Jayne, and D.R. Worsnop Products and mechanisms of ozone reactions with oleic acid for aerosol particles having core-shell morphologies Journal of Physical Chemistry, A 108 2004 6686 6695
94. L.G. Kavouras, N. Mihalopoulos, and E.G. Stephanou Formation of atmospheric particles from organic acids produced by forests Nature 395 1998 15
95. K. Kawamura, and K. Ikushima Seasonal changes in the distribution of dicarboxylic acids in the urban atmosphere Environmental Science and Technology 27 1993 2227 2233
96. K. Kawamura, and I.R. Kaplan Motor exhaust emission as a primary source for dicarboxylic acids in Los Angeles ambient air Environmental Science and Technology 21 1987 105 110
97. K. Kawamura, H. Kasukabe, O. Yasui, and L.A. Barrie Production of dicarboxylic acids in the arctic atmosphere at polar sunrise Geophysical Research Letters 22 1995 1253 1256
98. K. Kawamura, R. Sempere, and Y. Imai Water soluble dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in Antarctic aerosols Journal of Geophyscal Research 101 1996 18,721 18,728
99. K. Kawamura, S. Steinberg, and I.R. Kaplan Concentrations of monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids and aldehydes in southern California wet precipitations: comparsion of urban and nonurban samples and compositional changes during scavenging Atmospheric Environment 30 1996 1035 1052
100. K. Kawamura, and K. Usukura Distributions of low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids in the north pacific aerosol samples Journal of Oceanography 49 1993 271 283
101. W.C. Keene, and J.N. Galloway The biogeochemical cycling of formic and acetic acids through the troposphere: an overview of current understanding Tellus 40B 1988 322 334
102. V.M. Kerminen Relative roles of secondary sulfate and organics in atmospheric cloud condensation nuclei production Journal of Geophyscal Research 106 2001 17,321 17,333
103. V.M. Kerminen, C. Ojanen, T. Pakkanen, R. Hillamo, M. Aurela, and J. Merilaien Low-molecular-weight dicarboxylic acids in an urban and rural atmosphere Journal of Aerosol Sciences 31 2000 349 362
104. V.G. Khamaganov, and R.A. Hites Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of ozone with isoprene, α- and β-pinene, and limonene as a function of temperature Journal of Physical Chemistry A 105 2001 815 822
105. H. Khwaja, S. Brudnoy, and L. Husain Chemical characterization of three summer cloud episodes at White-face Mountain Atmospheric Environment 31 1995 3357 3381
106. H.A. Khwaja Atmospheric concentrations of carboxylic acids and related compounds at a semiurban site Atmospheric Environment 29 1995 127 139
107. M.D. King, K.C. Thompson, and A.D. Ward Laser tweezers Raman study of optically trapped aerosol droplets of seawater and oleic acid reacting with ozone: implications for cloud-droplet properties Journal of the American Chemical Society (Communication) 126 2004 16,710 16,711
108. G. Kiss, B. Varga, A. Gelencser, Z. Krivancsy, A. Molnar, T. Alsberg, L. Persson, H-C. Hansson, and M.C. Facchini Characterisation of polar organic compounds in fog water Atmospheric Environment 35 2001 2193 2200
109. G. Kiss, B. Varga, I. Galambos, and I. Ganszky Characterization of water-soluble organic matter isolated from atmospheric fine aerosol Journal of Geophysical Research 107 2002 ICC1/1 ICC1/8
110. G. Kiss, E. Tombacz, B. Varga, T. Alsberg, and L. Persson Estimation of the average molecular weight of humic-like substances isolated from fine atmospheric aerosol Atmospheric Environment 37 2003 3783 3794
111. S. Koch, R. Winterhalter, E. Uherek, A. Kollo, P. Neeb, and G.K. Moortgat Formation of new particles in the gas-phase ozonolysis of monoterpenes Atmospheric Environment 34 2000 4031 4042
112. H. Kohler The nucleus in and the growth of hygroscopic droplets Transactions of the Faraday Society 32 1936 1152 1161
113. P. Konopka A reexamination of the derivation of the equilibrium supersaturation curve for soluble particles Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 53 1996 3157 3163
114. R. Kotzick, and R. Niessner The effects of aging processes on critical supersaturation ratios of ultrafine carbon aerosols Atmospheric Environment 33 1999 2669 2677
115. Z. Krivacsy, A. Gelencser, G. Kiss, E. Meszaros, A. Molnar, A. Hoffer, T. Meszaros, Zs. Sarvari, D. Temesi, B. Varga, U. Baltensperger, S. Nyeki, and E. Weingartner Study on the chemical character of water-soluble organic compounds in fine atmospheric aerosol at the Jungfraujoch Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 39 2001 235 259
116. Z. Krivacsy, G. Kiss, B. Varga, I. Galambos, Z. Sarvari, A. Gelencser, A. Molnar, S. Fuzzi, M.C. Facchini, S. Zappoli, A. Andracchio, T. Alsberg, H-C. Hansson, and L. Persson Study of humic-like substances in fog and interstitial aerosol by size-exclusion chromatography and capillary electrophoresis Atmospheric Environment 34 2000 4273 4281
117. P.P. Kumar, K. Broekhuizen, and J.P.D. Abbatt Organic acids as cloud condensation nuclei: Laboratory studies of highly soluble and insoluble species Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 3 2003 509 520
118. D. Kuroiwa Electron-microscope study of fog nuclei Journal of Meteorology 8 1951 157 159
119. A. Laaksonen, P. Korhone, M. Kumala, and R.J. Charlson Modifcation of the Kohler equation to include soluble trace gases and slightly soluble substances Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 55 1998 853 862
120. Bo.R. Larsen, D. Di Bella, M. Glasius, R. Winterhalter, N.R. Jensen, and J. Hjorth Gas-Phase OH oxidation of monoterpenes: gaseous and particulate products Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 38 2001 231 276
121. D.J. Lary, D.E. Shallcross, and R. Toumi Carbonaceous aerosols and their potential role in atmospheric chemistry Journal of Geophysical Research 104 1999 15,929 15,940
122. W.H. Lee, S.F. Lacobellis, and R.C.J. Somerville Cloud radiation forcings and feedbacks: general circulation model tests and observational validation Journal of Climate 10 1997 2479 2496
123. S. Leungsakul, M. Jaoui, and R.M. Kamens Mechanistic detail and modeling of d-limonene with ozone in a darkness Environmental Science and Technology 2004 submitted for publication
124. T.H. Li, B. turpin, H.C. Shields, and C. Weschler Indoor hydrogen peroxide derived from ozone/d-limonene reactions Environmental Science and Technology 36 2002 3295 3302
125. Z. Li, A.L. Williams, and M.J. Rood Influence of soluble surfactant properties on the activation of aerosol particles containing inorganic solute Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 55 1998 1855 1859
126. B. Lighthart, and B.T. Sharffer Bacterial flux from chaparral into the atmosphere in the mid-summer at a high desert location Atmospheric Environment 28 1994 1267 1274
127. A. Limbeck, and H. Puxbaum Organic acids in continental background aerosols Atmospheric Environment 33 1999 1847 1852
128. A. Limbeck, and H. Puxbaum Dependence of in-cloud scavenging of polar organic aerosol compounds on the water solubility Journal of Geophysical Research 105 2000 19,857 19,867
129. A. Limbeck, H. Puxbaum, L. Otter, and M.C. Scholes Semivolatile behavior of dicarboxylic acids and other polar organic species at a rural background site (Nylsvley, RSA) Atmospheric Research 35 2001 1853 1862
130. A. Limbeck, M. Kulmala, and H. Puxbaum Secondary organic aerosol formation in the atmosphere via heterogeneous reaction of gaseous isoprene on acidic particles Geophysical Research Letters 30 2003 ASC6/1 ASC6/4
131. J. Lindemann, and C.D. Upper Aerial dispersal of epiphytic bacteria over bean plants Applied Environmental Microbiology 50 1985 1229 1232
132. J. Lindemann, H.A. Constantinidou, W.R. Barchet, and C.D. Upper Plants as sources of airborne bacteria including ice nucleation active bacteria Applied Environmental Microbiology 44 1982 1059 1063
133. X. Liu, M. Mason, K. Krebs, and S. Leslie Full-scale chamber investigation and simulation of air freshener emissions in the presence of ozone Environmental Science and Technology 38 2004 2802 2812
134. M. Loflund, A. Kasper-Giebl, B. Schuster, H. Giebl, R. Hitzenberger, and H. Puxbaum Formic, acetic, oxalic, malonic and succinic acid concentrations and their contribution to organic carbon in cloud water Atmospheric Environment 35 2002 1553 1558
135. U. Lohmann, and G. Lesins Stronger constraints on the anthropogenic indirect aerosol effect Science 298 2002 1012 1016
136. Lohmann, U., Broekhuizen, K., Leaitch, R., Shantz, N., Abbatt, J., 2004. How efficient is cloud droplet formation of organic aerosols? Geophysical Research Letters 31, 10.1029/2003GL018999.
137. R.D.H. Low A generalized equation for the solution effect in droplet growth Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 26 1969 608 611
138. J. Ludwig, and O. Klemm Organic acids in different classes of atmospheric particulate material Tellus 40 1988 340 347
139. M.C. Maffia, and A.J.A. Meirelles Water activity and PH in aqueous polycarboxylic acid systems Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 46 2001 582 587
140. L.R. Maki, and K.J. Willoughby Bacteria as biogenic sources of freezing nuclei Journal of Applied Meteorology 17 1978 1049 1053
141. L.R. Maki, E.L. Galyan, M. Chang-Chien, and D. Caldwell Ice nucleation induced by Pseudomonas syringae Applied Microbiology 28 1974 456 459
142. P. Mandrioli, G.K. Puppi, N. Bagni, and F. Prodi Distribution of microorganisms in hailstones Nature 246 1973 416 417
143. P. Masclet, and V. Hoyau Speciation of particulate organic matter in arctic aerosols Journal of Aerosol Science 26 1995 S473
144. B.J. Mason The Physics of Clouds 1971 Oxford University Press London p. 671
145. K. Matsumoto, H. Tanaka, I. Nagao, and Y. Ishizaka Contribution of particulate sulfate and organic carbon to cloud condensation nuclei in the marine atmosphere Geophysical Research Letters 24 1997 655 658
146. O.L. Mayol-Bracero, P. Guyon, B. Graham, G. Roberts, M.O. Andreae, S. Decesari, M.C. Facchini, S. Fuzzi, and P. Artaxo Water-soluble organic compounds in biomass burning aerosols over Amazonia 2. Apportionment of the chemical composition and importance of the polyacidic fraction Journal of Geophysical Research 107 2002 LBA59/1 LBA9/15
147. Y. Ming, and L.M. Russell Predicted hygroscopic growth of sea salt particles Journal of Geophysical Research 106 2001 28259 28274
148. M. Mircea, M.C. Facchini, S. Decesari, S. Fuzzi, and R.J. Charlson The influence of the organic aerosol component on CCN supersaturation spectra for different aerosol types Tellus 54 2002 74 81
149. T. Moise, and Y. Rudich Reactive uptake of ozone by aerosol-associated unsaturated fatty acids: kinetics, mechanism, and products Journal of Physical Chemistry A 106 2002 6469 6476
150. M.J. Molina, A.V. Ivanov, S. Trakhtenberg, and L.T. Molina Atmospheric evolution of organic aerosol Geophysical Research Letters 31 2004 L22104 10.1029/2004GL020910
151. H. Mukai, and Y. Ambe Characterization of a humic acid-like brown substance in airborne particulate matter and tentative identification of its origin Atmospheric Environment 20 1986 813 819
152. D.M. Murphy, D.S. Thomson, and M.J. Mahoney In-situ measurements of organics, meteoritic material, mercury and other elements in aerosols at 5 and 19 km Science 282 1998 1664 1669
153. M. Narukawa, K. Kawamura, S.M. Li, and J.W. Bottenheim Dicarboxylic acids in the Arctic aerosols and snowpacks collected during ALERT 2000 Atmospheric Environment 36 2002 2491 2499
154. T. Novakov, and J.E. Penner Large contributions of organic aerosols to cloud-condensation nuclei concentrations Nature 365 1993 823 825
155. C.D. O'Dowd, M.C. Facchini, F. Cavalli, D. Ceburnis, M. Mircea, S. Decesari, S. Fuzzi, Y.J. Yoon, and J.-P. Putaud Biogenically driven organic contribution to marine aerosol Nature 431 2004 676 680
156. D.R. Oros, and B.R.T. Simoneit Identification and emission factors of molecular tracers in organic aerosols from biomass burning Part 1. Temperate climate conifers Applied Geochemistry 16 2001 1513 1544
157. B.C. Parker Rain as a source of vitamin B Nature 219 1968 617 618
158. M.T. Parsons, J. Mak, S.R. Lipetz, and A.K. Bertram Deliquescence of malonic, succinc, glutaric, and adipic acid particles Journal of Geophysical Research 109 2004 D06212 10.1029/2003JD004075
159. C. Peng, M.N. Chan, and C.k. Chan The hygroscopic properties of dicarboxylic and multifunctional acids: measurements and UNIFAC predictions Environmental Science Techonolog 35 2001 4495 4501
160. J.P. Penner J.T. Houghton Contribution of working group I to the third assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Climate Change, 2001. The Scientific Basis 2001 Cambridge University Press Cambridge 289 348
161. C.A. Pio, P.A. Silva, M.A. Cerqueira, and T.V. Nunes Diurnal and seasonal emissions of volatile organic compounds from cork oak (Quercus suber) trees Atmospheric Environment 39 2005 1817 1827
162. J. Plaza, L. Núñez, M. Pujadas, R. Pérez-Pastor, V. Bermejo, S. García-Alonso, and S. Elvira. Field monoterpene emission of Mediterranean oak (Quercus ilex) in the central Iberian Peninsula measured by enclosure and micrometeorological techniques: observation of drought stress effect Journal of Geophysical Research 110 2005 D03303 10.1029/2004JD005168
163. A.J. Prenni, P.J. DeMott, S.M. Kreidenweis, D.E. Sherman, L.M. Russell, and Y. Ming The effects of low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids on cloud formation Journal of Physical Chemistry 105 2001 11240 11248
164. H.R Pruppacher, and J.D Klett Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation 1980 D. Reidel Publishing Co. Dordrecht
165. H.R. Pruppacher, and J.D. Klett Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation 1997 Riedel Dordrecht
166. T.M. Raymond, and S.N. Pandis Cloud activation of single-component organic aerosol particles Journal of Geophysical Research 107 2002 4787 4796
167. J.S.R. Reid, K.T.F. Eck, and D.P. Eleuterio A review of biomass burning emissions, Part II: Intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 4 2004 5135 5200
168. H. Reiss The kinetics of phase transitions in binary systems Journal of Chemical Physics 18 1950 840 848
169. W.F. Rogge, M.A. Mazurek, L.M. Hildemann, G.R. Cass, and B.R.T. Simoneit Quantification of urban organic aerosols at a molecular level: identification, abundance and seasonal variation Atmospheric Environment 27 1993 1309 1330
170. K.E. Ross, S.J. Piketh, R.T. Bruintjes, R.P. Burger, R.J. Swap, and H.J. Annegarn Spatial and seasonal variation in CCN distribution and the aerosol-CCN relationship over southern Africa Journal of Geophysical Research 108 2003 8481 8498
171. Y. Rudich Laboratory perspectives on the chemical transformations of organic matter in atmospheric particles Chemistry Review 103 2003 5097 5124
172. L.M. Russell, S.F. Maria, and S.C.B. Myneni Mapping organic coatings on atmospheric particles Geophysical Research Letters 29 16 2002 1779 10.1029/2002GL014874
173. D.C. Sands, V.E. Langhans, A.L. Scharen, and G. de Smet The association between bacteria and rain and possible resultant meteorological implications Idojaras 86 1992 148 152
174. H. Satsumabayashi, H. Kurita, Y. Yokouchi, and H. Ueda Photochemical
175. B. Sattler, H. Puxbaum, and R. Psenner Bacterial growth in supercooled cloud droplets Geophysical Research Letters 28 2001 239 242
176. D.L. Savoie, J.M. Prospero, R. Arimoto, and R.A. Duce Non-sea-salt sulfate and methanesulfonate at American Samoa Journal of Geophysical Research 99 1994 3587 3596
177. P. Saxena, and L.M. Hildemann Water-soluble organics in atmospheric particles: a critical review of the literature and application of thermodynamics to identify candidate compounds Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 24 1996 57 109
178. P. Saxena, L.M. Hildemann, P.H. McMurry, and J.H. Seinfeld Organic alter hygroscopic behavior of atmospheric particles Journal of Geophysical Research 100 1995 18755 18770
179. R.C. Schnell Bacteria acting as natural ice nucleants at temperatures approaching -1°C Bulletin of the America Meteorological Society 57 1976 1356 1357
180. J.H. Seinfeld, and S.N. Pandis Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. From Air Pollution to Climate Change 1998 Wiley New York 1326pp
181. J.H. Seinfeld, and J.F. Pankow Organic atmospheric particulate material Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 54 2003 121 140
182. R. Sempere, and K. Kawamura Comparative distributions of dicarboxylic acids and related polar compounds in snow, rain and aerosols from urban atmosphere Atmospheric Environment 28 1994 449 459
183. R. Sempere, and K. Kawamura Low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids and related polar compounds in the remote marine rain samples collected from the western Pacific Atmospheric Environment 30 1996 1609 1619
184. P.K. Sharma, and K.H. Rao Analysis of different approaches for evaluation of surface energy of microbial cells by contact angle goniometry Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 98 1999 341 346
185. R.A. Shaw Supersaturation intermittency in turbulent clouds Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 57 2000 3452 3456
186. M.L. Shulman, M.C. Jacobson, R.J. Charlson, R.E. Synovec, and T.E. Young Dissolution behaviour and surface tension effects of organic compounds in nucleating cloud droplets Geophysical Research Letters 23 1996 277 280
187. B.R.T. Simoneit Biomass burning - a review of organic tracers for smoke from incomplete combustion Applied Geochemistry 17 2002 129 162
188. R. Sommaruga, I. Obernosterer, G.J. Herndl, and R. Psenner Inhibitory effect of solar radiation on thymidine and leucine incorporation by freshwater and marine bacterioplankton Applied Environmental Microbiology 63 1997 4178 4184
189. F.B. Soulage Les noyaux de congelation de l' atmosphere Annual Geophysics 13 1957 103 134
190. S.R. Souza, P.C. Vasconcellos, and L.R.F. Carvalho Low molecular weight carboxylic acids in an urban atmosphere: winter measurements in Saõ Paulo City, Brazil Atmospheric Environment 33 1999 2563 2574
191. E.G. Stephanou The decay of organic aerosols Nature 434 2005 31
192. G.L. Stephens, S.C. Tsay, P.W. Stackhouse, and P.J. Flat The relevance of the microphysical and radiative properties of cirrus clouds to climate and climatic feedback Journal of Atmospheric Science 47 1990 1742 1753
193. W. Szyrmer, and I. Zawadzki Biogenic and anthropogenic sources of ice-forming nuclei: a review Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 78 1997 209 228
194. H. Tervahattu, K. Hartonen, V.M. Kerminen, K. Kupiainen, P. Aarnio, T. Koskentalo, A.F. Tuck, and V. Vaida New evidence of an organic layer on marine aerosols Journal of Geophysical Research 107 2002 4053 10.1029/2000JD000282
195. H. Tervahattu, J. Juhanoja, and K. Kupiainen Identification of an organic coating on marine aerosol particles by TOF-SIMS Journal of Geophysical Research 107 D16 2002 4319 10.1029/2001JD001403
196. H. Tervahattu, J. Juhanoja, V. Vaida, A.F. Tuck, J.V. Niemi, K. Kupiainen, M. Kulmala, and H. Vehkamaki Fatty acids on continental sulfate aerosol particles Journal of Geophysical Research 110 2005 D06207 10.1029/2004JD005400
197. T. Thornberry, and J.P.D. Abbatt Heterogeneous reaction of ozone with liquid unsaturated fatty acids: detailed kinetics and gas-phase product studies Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 6 2004 84 93
198. N.K. Tran, S.M. Steinberg, and B.J. Johnson Volatile aromatic hydrocarbons and dicarboxylic acid concentrations in air at an urban site in the Southwestern US Atmospheric Environment 34 1998 1845 1852
199. K. Tsigaridis, J. Lathière, M. Kanakidou, and D.A. Hauglustaine Naturally driven variability in the global secondary organic aerosol over a decade Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5 2005 1255 1283
200. S. Twomey The influence of pollution on the shortwave albedo of clouds Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 34 1977 1149 1152
201. G. Vali Atmospheric ice nucleation: a review Journal de Recherches Atmospheriques 19 1985 105 112
202. G. Vali Principles of ice nucleation R.E. Lee Jr. G.J. Warren L.V. Gusta Biological Ice Nucleation and its Applications 1995 American Phytopathological Society St. Paul, MN 1 28
203. G. Vali, M. Christensen, R.W. Fresh, E.L. Galyan, L.R. Maki, and R.C. Schnell Biogenic ice nuclei, Part: Bacterial sources Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 33 1976 1565 1570
204. T.M. VanReken, N.L. Ng, R.C. Flagan, and J.H. Seinfeld Cloud condensation nucleus activation properties of biogenic secondary organic aerosol Journal of Geophysical Research 110 2005 D07206 10.1029/2004JD005465
205. J. Vieceli, O.L. Ma, and D.J. Tobias Uptake and collision dynamics of gas phase ozone at unsaturated organic interfaces Journal of Physical Chemistry A 108 2004 5806 5814
206. 2) and ammonia in mixed liquid-solid water clouds at the Puy de Dome mountain (France) Journal of Geophysical Research 105 2000 6817 6835
207. M. Wainwright, N.C. Wickramasinghe, J.V. Narlikar, and P. Rajaratnam Microorganisms cultured from stratospheric air samples obtained at 41 km FEMS Microbiology Letters 218 2003 161 165
208. G. Wang, S. Niu, C. Liu, and L. Wang Identification of dicarboxylic acids and aldehydes of PM10 and PM2.5 aerosols in Nanjing, China Atmospheric Environment 36 2002 1941 1950
209. K.C. Weathers, G.E. Likens, J.S. Eaton, F.H. Bormann, W.B. Bowden, J.L. Andersen, D.A. Cass, J.N. Galloway, W.C. Keene, K.D. Kimball, P.H. Huth, and D. Smiley A regional acidic cloud/fog water event in the eastern United States Nature 319 1986 657 658
210. C.J. Weschler, and H.C. Shields Experiments probing the influence of air exchange rates on secondary organic aerosols derived from indoor chemistry Atmospheric Environment 37 2003 5621 5631
211. A.S. Wexler, and Z. Ge Hydrophobic particles can activate at lower relative humidity than slightly hygroscopic ones: a Kohler theory incorporating surface fixed charges Journal of Geophysical Research 103 1998 6083 6088
212. White, W.H., 1990. Contribution to light extinction. In: Visibility: Existing and Historical Conditions: Causes and Effects 1990. Acidic Deposition State Sci. Rep. 24, Section 4 Natl. Acid Prec. Assess. Program, Washington, DC.
213. R. Winterhalter, P. Neeb, D. Grossmann, A. Kollo, O. Horie, and G.K. Moortgat Products and mechanism of the gas phase reaction of ozone with b-pinene Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 35 2000 165 197
214. L. Wouters, S. Hagedoren, I. Dierck, P. Artaxo, and R.V. Grieken Laser microprobe mass analysis of Amason Basin aerosols Atmospheric Environment 27 1993 661 668
215. X. Yao, M. Fang, C.K. Chan, and M. Hu Formation and size distribution characteristics of ionic species in atmospheric particulate matter in Beijing, China: (2) dicarboxylic acids Atmospheric Environment 37 2003 3001 3007
216. X. Yao, M. Fang, C.K. Chan, K.F. Ho, and S.C. Lee Characterization of dicarboxylic acids in PM2.5 in Hong Kong Atmospheric Environment 38 2004 963 970
217. K.C. Young, and K.C. Warren A reexamination of the derivation of the equilibrium supersaturation curve for soluble articles Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 49 1992 1138 1149
218. S. Yu, M. Bi, X. Lin, R. Yao, and X. Tang An investigation about the determination of formic and acetic acids in the atmosphere Chinese Journal of Environmental Science 113 1990 43 48
219. S. Yu, M. Bi, X. Lin, R. Yao, and X. Tang Determination of organic acids by IC with p-toluene sulfonic acid as enffluant Analytical Chemistry 191 1991 73 76
220. S. Yu, M. Bi, X. Lin, R. Yao, and X. Tang Organic acids in precipitation from Baiyun Mountain, Guanzhou and in cloudwater from Miaoer Mountain, Guangxi Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae 111 1991 25 30
221. S.C. Yu Review: role of organic acids formic, acetic, pyruvic and oxalic in the formation of cloud condensationnuclei CCN: a review Atmospheric Research 53 2000 185 217
222. S. Zappoli, A. Andracchio, S. Fuzzi, M.C. Facchini, A. Gelencsér, G. Kiss, Z. Krivácsy, A. Molnár, E. Mészáros, H.C. Hansson, and K. Rosman Inorganic, organic and macromolecular components of fine aerosol in different areas of Europe in relation to their water solubility Atmospheric Environment 33 1999 2733 2743
223. B. Zuberi, K.S. Johnson, G.K. Aleks, L.T. Molina, M.J. Molina, and A. Laskin Hydrophilic properties of aged soot Geophysical Rsearch Letters 32 2005 L01807 10.1029/2004GL021496