메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 150, Issue , 2005, Pages 69-80

Methods for studying unconscious learning

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AWARENESS; BEHAVIOR; COGNITION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONSCIOUSNESS; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DISSOCIATION; HUMAN; LEARNING; LITERATURE; METHODOLOGY; NEUROIMAGING; PERFORMANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; TASK PERFORMANCE;

EID: 25644438323     PISSN: 00796123     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6123(05)50006-2     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (27)

References (53)
  • 2
    • 21844486855 scopus 로고
    • Facing up to the problem of consciousness
    • D.J. Chalmers Facing up to the problem of consciousness J. Consciousness Stud. 2 1995 200 219
    • (1995) J. Consciousness Stud. , vol.2 , pp. 200-219
    • Chalmers, D.J.1
  • 5
    • 21644477046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxford University Press, Oxford. forthcoming.
    • Cleeremans, A. Being Virtual. Oxford University Press, Oxford. forthcoming.
    • Being Virtual
    • Cleeremans, A.1
  • 10
    • 58149208004 scopus 로고
    • On tasks, knowledge, correlations and dissociations: Comment on Perruchet and Amorim (1992)
    • A. Cohen, and T. Curran On tasks, knowledge, correlations and dissociations: Comment on Perruchet and Amorim (1992) J. Exp. Psychol. Learn 19 1993 1431 1437
    • (1993) J. Exp. Psychol. Learn , vol.19 , pp. 1431-1437
    • Cohen, A.1    Curran, T.2
  • 11
    • 4243492428 scopus 로고
    • Attentional and nonattentional forms of sequence learning
    • T. Curran, and S.W. Keele Attentional and nonattentional forms of sequence learning J. Exp. Psychol. Learn 19 1993 189 202
    • (1993) J. Exp. Psychol. Learn , vol.19 , pp. 189-202
    • Curran, T.1    Keele, S.W.2
  • 12
    • 0035172287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness: Basic evidence and a workspace framework
    • S. Dehaene, and L. Naccache Towards a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness: Basic evidence and a workspace framework Cognition 79 2001 1 37
    • (2001) Cognition , vol.79 , pp. 1-37
    • Dehaene, S.1    Naccache, L.2
  • 13
    • 0035381075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can sequence learning be implicit? New evidence with the process dissociation procedure
    • A. Destrebecqz, and A. Cleeremans Can sequence learning be implicit? New evidence with the process dissociation procedure Psychon. B Rev. 8 2001 343 350
    • (2001) Psychon. B Rev. , vol.8 , pp. 343-350
    • Destrebecqz, A.1    Cleeremans, A.2
  • 14
    • 1542331558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal factors in sequence learning
    • L. Jiménez John Benjamins Amsterdam and Philadelphia
    • A. Destrebecqz, and A. Cleeremans Temporal factors in sequence learning L. Jiménez Attention and Implicit Learning 2003 John Benjamins Amsterdam and Philadelphia 181 213
    • (2003) Attention and Implicit Learning , pp. 181-213
    • Destrebecqz, A.1    Cleeremans, A.2
  • 17
    • 21844488304 scopus 로고
    • Unconscious knowledge of artificial grammars is applied strategically
    • Z. Dienes, G.T.M. Altmann, L. Kwam, and A. Goode Unconscious knowledge of artificial grammars is applied strategically J. Exp. Psychol. Learn 21 1995 1322 1338
    • (1995) J. Exp. Psychol. Learn , vol.21 , pp. 1322-1338
    • Dienes, Z.1    Altmann, G.T.M.2    Kwam, L.3    Goode, A.4
  • 18
    • 0002502353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit learning: Below the subjective threshold
    • Z. Dienes, and D.C. Berry Implicit learning: Below the subjective threshold Psychon. B Rev. 4 1997 3 23
    • (1997) Psychon. B Rev. , vol.4 , pp. 3-23
    • Dienes, Z.1    Berry, D.C.2
  • 19
    • 0033400029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theory of implicit and explicit knowledge
    • Z. Dienes, and J. Perner A theory of implicit and explicit knowledge Behav. Brain. Sci. 22 1999 735 755
    • (1999) Behav. Brain. Sci. , vol.22 , pp. 735-755
    • Dienes, Z.1    Perner, J.2
  • 20
    • 1342304091 scopus 로고
    • Experimental indeterminacies in the dissociation paradigm of subliminal perception
    • M.H. Erderlyi Experimental indeterminacies in the dissociation paradigm of subliminal perception Behav. Brain Sci. 9 1986 30 31
    • (1986) Behav. Brain Sci. , vol.9 , pp. 30-31
    • Erderlyi, M.H.1
  • 21
    • 0000399849 scopus 로고
    • Discrimination and learning without awareness: A methodological survey and evaluation
    • C.W. Ericksen Discrimination and learning without awareness: a methodological survey and evaluation Psychol. Rev. 67 1960 279 300
    • (1960) Psychol. Rev. , vol.67 , pp. 279-300
    • Ericksen, C.W.1
  • 22
    • 21344480276 scopus 로고
    • Implicit learning of unique and ambiguous serial transitions in the presence and absence of a distractor task
    • P.A. Frensch, A. Buchner, and J. Lin Implicit learning of unique and ambiguous serial transitions in the presence and absence of a distractor task J. Exp. Psychol. Learn 20 1994 567 584
    • (1994) J. Exp. Psychol. Learn , vol.20 , pp. 567-584
    • Frensch, P.A.1    Buchner, A.2    Lin, J.3
  • 23
    • 0002964637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit learning and unconscious knowledge: Mental representation, computational mechanisms, and neural structures
    • K. Lambert D. Shanks Psychology Press Hove, UK
    • T. Goschke Implicit learning and unconscious knowledge: Mental representation, computational mechanisms, and neural structures K. Lambert D. Shanks Knowledge, concept and categories 1997 Psychology Press Hove, UK 247 333
    • (1997) Knowledge, Concept and Categories , pp. 247-333
    • Goschke, T.1
  • 24
    • 0029266690 scopus 로고
    • Activation by marginally perceptible ("subliminal") stimuli: Dissociation of unconscious from conscious cognition
    • A.G. Greenwald, M.R. Klinger, and E.S. Schuh Activation by marginally perceptible ("subliminal") stimuli: Dissociation of unconscious from conscious cognition J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 124 1995 22 42
    • (1995) J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. , vol.124 , pp. 22-42
    • Greenwald, A.G.1    Klinger, M.R.2    Schuh, E.S.3
  • 25
    • 84973993591 scopus 로고
    • Semantic activation without conscious activation in dichotic listening, parafoveal vision, and visual masking: A survey and appraisal
    • D. Holender Semantic activation without conscious activation in dichotic listening, parafoveal vision, and visual masking: A survey and appraisal Behav. Brain Sci. 9 1986 1 23
    • (1986) Behav. Brain Sci. , vol.9 , pp. 1-23
    • Holender, D.1
  • 26
    • 33845310686 scopus 로고
    • A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory
    • L.L. Jacoby A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory J. Mem. Lang. 30 1991 513 541
    • (1991) J. Mem. Lang. , vol.30 , pp. 513-541
    • Jacoby, L.L.1
  • 27
    • 0348068166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing direct and indirect measure of sequence learning
    • L. Jiménez, C. Méndez, and A. Cleeremans Comparing direct and indirect measure of sequence learning J. Exp. Psychol. Learn 22 1996 948 969
    • (1996) J. Exp. Psychol. Learn , vol.22 , pp. 948-969
    • Jiménez, L.1    Méndez, C.2    Cleeremans, A.3
  • 28
    • 0038618950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cognitive and neural architecture of sequence representation
    • S.W. Keele, R. Ivry, U. Mayr, E. Hazeltine, and H. Heuer The cognitive and neural architecture of sequence representation Psychol. Rev. 110 2003 316 339
    • (2003) Psychol. Rev. , vol.110 , pp. 316-339
    • Keele, S.W.1    Ivry, R.2    Mayr, U.3    Hazeltine, E.4    Heuer, H.5
  • 30
    • 0025473204 scopus 로고
    • Recognition and lexical decision without detection: Unconscious perception?
    • P.M. Merikle, and E.M. Reingold Recognition and lexical decision without detection: unconscious perception? J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 16 1990 574 583
    • (1990) J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. , vol.16 , pp. 574-583
    • Merikle, P.M.1    Reingold, E.M.2
  • 31
    • 0000500107 scopus 로고
    • Comparing direct (explicit) and indirect (implicit) measures to study unconscious memory
    • P.M. Merikle, and E.M. Reingold Comparing direct (explicit) and indirect (implicit) measures to study unconscious memory J. Exp. Psychol. Learn 17 1991 224 233
    • (1991) J. Exp. Psychol. Learn , vol.17 , pp. 224-233
    • Merikle, P.M.1    Reingold, E.M.2
  • 32
    • 0003070237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Episodic knowledge and implicit learning
    • A. Neal, and B. Hesketh Episodic knowledge and implicit learning Psychon. B Rev. 4 1997 24 37
    • (1997) Psychon. B Rev. , vol.4 , pp. 24-37
    • Neal, A.1    Hesketh, B.2
  • 33
    • 0003109533 scopus 로고
    • Attentional requirement of learning: Evidence from performance measures
    • M.J. Nissen, and P. Bullemer Attentional requirement of learning: Evidence from performance measures Cognit. Psychol. 19 1987 1 32
    • (1987) Cognit. Psychol. , vol.19 , pp. 1-32
    • Nissen, M.J.1    Bullemer, P.2
  • 34
    • 0142149972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of phenomenological reports in experiments on consciousness
    • M. Overgaard The role of phenomenological reports in experiments on consciousness Psycoloquy 12 2001 1 13
    • (2001) Psycoloquy , vol.12 , pp. 1-13
    • Overgaard, M.1
  • 36
    • 0026889294 scopus 로고
    • Conscious knowledge and changes in performance in sequence learning: Evidence against dissociation
    • P. Perruchet, and M.A. Amorim Conscious knowledge and changes in performance in sequence learning: Evidence against dissociation J. Exp. Psychol. Learn 18 1992 785 800
    • (1992) J. Exp. Psychol. Learn , vol.18 , pp. 785-800
    • Perruchet, P.1    Amorim, M.A.2
  • 37
    • 0038927064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emergence of explicit knowledge during the early phase of learning in sequential reaction time
    • P. Perruchet, E. Bigand, and F. Benoit-Gonnin The emergence of explicit knowledge during the early phase of learning in sequential reaction time Psychol. Res. 60 1997 4 14
    • (1997) Psychol. Res. , vol.60 , pp. 4-14
    • Perruchet, P.1    Bigand, E.2    Benoit-Gonnin, F.3
  • 38
    • 21344476191 scopus 로고
    • Associations between conscious knowledge and performance in normal subjects: Reply to Cohen and Curran (1993) and Willingham, Greeley, and Bardone (1993)
    • P. Perruchet, and J. Gallego Associations between conscious knowledge and performance in normal subjects: Reply to Cohen and Curran (1993) and Willingham, Greeley, and Bardone (1993) J. Exp. Psychol. Learn 19 1993 1438 1444
    • (1993) J. Exp. Psychol. Learn , vol.19 , pp. 1438-1444
    • Perruchet, P.1    Gallego, J.2
  • 39
    • 0040670185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consciousness is slower than you think
    • P. Rabbitt Consciousness is slower than you think Q J. Exp. Psychol.-A 55 2002 1081 1092
    • (2002) Q J. Exp. Psychol.-A , vol.55 , pp. 1081-1092
    • Rabbitt, P.1
  • 40
    • 34248802064 scopus 로고
    • Assessing implicit learning with indirect tests: Determining what is learned about sequence structure
    • J. Reed, and P. Johnson Assessing implicit learning with indirect tests: Determining what is learned about sequence structure J. Exp. Psychol. Learn 20 1994 585 594
    • (1994) J. Exp. Psychol. Learn , vol.20 , pp. 585-594
    • Reed, J.1    Johnson, P.2
  • 41
    • 0024264325 scopus 로고
    • Using direct and indirect measures to study perception without awareness
    • E.M. Reingold, and P.M. Merikle Using direct and indirect measures to study perception without awareness Percept. Psychophys. 44 1988 563 575
    • (1988) Percept. Psychophys. , vol.44 , pp. 563-575
    • Reingold, E.M.1    Merikle, P.M.2
  • 42
    • 84986817273 scopus 로고
    • On the inter-relatedness of theory and measurement in the study of unconscious processes
    • E.M. Reingold, and P.M. Merikle On the inter-relatedness of theory and measurement in the study of unconscious processes Mind and Language 5 1990 9 28
    • (1990) Mind and Language , vol.5 , pp. 9-28
    • Reingold, E.M.1    Merikle, P.M.2
  • 43
    • 0002344487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory: Task dissociations, process dissociations, and dissociation of consciousness
    • G. Underwood Oxford University Press Oxford
    • A. Richardson-Klavehn, J.M. Gardiner, and R.I. Java Memory: Task dissociations, process dissociations, and dissociation of consciousness G. Underwood Implicit Cognition 1996 Oxford University Press Oxford 85 158
    • (1996) Implicit Cognition , pp. 85-158
    • Richardson-Klavehn, A.1    Gardiner, J.M.2    Java, R.I.3
  • 44
    • 25644444956 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous detection and recognition of chromatic flashes
    • G.B. Rollman, and J. Nachmias Simultaneous detection and recognition of chromatic flashes Percept. Psychophys. 44 1972 563 575
    • (1972) Percept. Psychophys. , vol.44 , pp. 563-575
    • Rollman, G.B.1    Nachmias, J.2
  • 45
    • 0002351373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit knowledge in sequential learning tasks
    • M.A. Stadler P.A. Frensch Sage Publications
    • D.R. Shanks, and T. Johnstone Implicit knowledge in sequential learning tasks M.A. Stadler P.A. Frensch Handbook of Implicit Learning Vol. 16 1998 Sage Publications 533 572
    • (1998) Handbook of Implicit Learning , vol.16 , pp. 533-572
    • Shanks, D.R.1    Johnstone, T.2
  • 46
    • 0033217891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the relationship between explicit and implicit knowledge in a serial reaction time task
    • D.R. Shanks, and T. Johnstone Evaluating the relationship between explicit and implicit knowledge in a serial reaction time task J. Exp. Psychol. Learn 25 1999 1435 1451
    • (1999) J. Exp. Psychol. Learn , vol.25 , pp. 1435-1451
    • Shanks, D.R.1    Johnstone, T.2
  • 47
    • 0001662397 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of dissociable human learning systems
    • D.R. Shanks, and M.F. St. John Characteristics of dissociable human learning systems Behav. Brain Sci. 17 1994 367 447
    • (1994) Behav. Brain Sci. , vol.17 , pp. 367-447
    • Shanks, D.R.1    St. John, M.F.2
  • 48
    • 0008394705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing implicit and explicit learning
    • M.A. Stadler Distinguishing implicit and explicit learning Psychon. B Rev. 4 1997 56 62
    • (1997) Psychon. B Rev. , vol.4 , pp. 56-62
    • Stadler, M.A.1
  • 49
    • 0028390536 scopus 로고
    • Towards a redefinition of implicit memory: Process dissociations following elaborative processing and self-generation
    • J.P. Toth, E.M. Reingold, and L.L. Jacoby Towards a redefinition of implicit memory: Process dissociations following elaborative processing and self-generation J. Exp. Psychol. Learn 20 1994 290 303
    • (1994) J. Exp. Psychol. Learn , vol.20 , pp. 290-303
    • Toth, J.P.1    Reingold, E.M.2    Jacoby, L.L.3
  • 50
    • 1542297778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intentional control and implicit sequence learning
    • L. Wilkinson, and D.R. Shanks Intentional control and implicit sequence learning J. Exp. Psychol. Learn 30 2004 354 369
    • (2004) J. Exp. Psychol. Learn , vol.30 , pp. 354-369
    • Wilkinson, L.1    Shanks, D.R.2
  • 51
    • 21344478056 scopus 로고
    • Dissociation in a serial response time task using a recognition measure: Comment on Perruchet and Amorim (1992)
    • D.B. Willingham, T. Greeley, and A.M. Bardone Dissociation in a serial response time task using a recognition measure: Comment on Perruchet and Amorim (1992) J. Exp. Psychol. Learn, 19 1993 1424 1430
    • (1993) J. Exp. Psychol. Learn , vol.19 , pp. 1424-1430
    • Willingham, D.B.1    Greeley, T.2    Bardone, A.M.3
  • 52
    • 0030835514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response-to-stimulus interval does not affect implicit motor sequence learning but does affect performance
    • D.B. Willingham, A.R. Greenberg, and R. Cannon Thomas Response-to-stimulus interval does not affect implicit motor sequence learning but does affect performance Mem. Cognit. 25 1997 534 542
    • (1997) Mem. Cognit. , vol.25 , pp. 534-542
    • Willingham, D.B.1    Greenberg, A.R.2    Cannon Thomas, R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.