Poly(ADP-ribose): The most elaborate metabolite of NAD+

FEBS Journal

Volumn 272, Issue 18, 2005, Pages 4576-4589

  Bürkle, Alexander ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KONSTANZ   (Germany)

Author keywords

Centromere; Centrosome; DNA damage; DNA repair; Genomic instability; Mitotic spindle; PARP; Poly(ADP ribose); Tankyrase; Telomeres

Indexed keywords

NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE; NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR; PARP 10 ENZYME; PARP 2 ENZYME; PARP 3 ENZYME; PARP 4 ENZYME; PARP 7 ENZYME; POLY(ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSE); TANKYRASE; TANKYRASE 2; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSYLATION; APOPTOSIS; CANCER; CATABOLISM; CATALYSIS; CELL DEATH; CENTROMERE; CENTROSOME; DNA REPAIR; EUKARYOTIC CELL; GENE IDENTIFICATION; GENOMIC INSTABILITY; HUMAN; METABOLITE; MITOSIS SPINDLE; NUCLEIC ACID METABOLISM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN PROCESSING; SHORT SURVEY; STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; TELOMERE; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

ANIMALS; GENETIC PROCESSES; HUMANS; NAD; POLY ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSE; POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASES; PROTEIN PROCESSING, POST-TRANSLATIONAL;

EUKARYOTA;

EID: 25444463296     PISSN: 1742464X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04864.x     Document Type: Short Survey

References (110)

1. Bürkle A (2004) Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. Landes Bioscience, Georgetown, TX, USA.
2. Amé JC, Spenlehauer C & de Murcia G (2004) The PARP superfamily. Bioessays 26, 882-893.
3. Pleschke JM, Kleczkowska HE, Strohm M & Althaus FR (2000) Poly(ADP-ribose) binds to specific domains in DNA damage checkpoint proteins. J Biol Chem 275, 40974-40980.
4. Reale A, Matteis GD, Galleazzi G, Zampieri M & Caiafa P (2005) Modulation of DNMT1 activity by ADP-ribose polymers. Oncogene 24, 13-19.
5. Chambon P, Weill JD & Mandel P (1963) Nicotinamide mononucleotide activation of new DNA-dependent polyadenylic acid synthesizing nuclear enzyme. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 11, 39-43.
6. de Murcia G & Ménissier de Murcia J (1994) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: a molecular nick-sensor. Trends Biochem Sci 19, 172-176.
7. Kun E, Kirsten E & Ordahl CP (2002) Coenzymatic activity of randomly broken or intact double-stranded DNAs in auto and histone H1 trans-poly(ADP-ribosylation), catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP I). J Biol Chem 277, 39066-39069.
8. Gradwohl G, Mazen A & de Murcia G (1987) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase forms loops with DNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 148, 913-919.
9. Sastry SS & Kun E (1990) The interaction of adenosine diphosphoribosyl transferase (ADPRT) with a cruciform DNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 167, 842-847.
10. Oei SL, Herzog H, Hirsch-Kauffmann M, Schneider R, Auer B & Schweiger M (1994) Transcriptional regulation and autoregulation of the human gene for ADP-ribosyltransferase. Mol Cell Biochem 138, 99-104.
11. Lonskaya I, Potaman VN, Shlyakhtenko LS, Oussatcheva EA, Lyubchenko YL & Soldatenkov VA (2005) Regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 by DNA structure-specific binding. J Biol Chem 280, 17076-17083.
12. +-dependent modulation of chromatin structure and transcription by nucleosome binding properties of PARP-1. Cell 119, 803-814.
13. Cohen-Armon M, Visochek L, Katzoff A, Levitan D, Susswein AJ, Klein R, Valbrun M & Schwartz JH (2004) Long-term memory requires polyADP-ribosylation. Science 304, 1820-1822.
14. Ruf A, Mennissier de Murcia J, de Murcia G & Schulz GE (1996) Structure of the catalytic fragment of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase from chicken. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93, 7481-7485.
15. Juarez-Salinas H, Sims JL & Jacobson MK (1979) Poly(ADP-ribose) levels in carcinogen-treated cells. Nature 282, 740-741.
16. Shieh WM, Amé JC, Wilson MV, Wang ZQ, Koh DW, Jacobson MK & Jacobson EL (1998) Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase null mouse cells synthesize ADP-ribose polymers. J Biol Chem 273, 30069-30072.
17. Saxena A, Wong LH, Kalitsis P, Earle E, Shaffer LG & Choo KH (2002) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 2 localizes to mammalian active centromeres and interacts with PARP-1, Cenpa, Cenpb and Bub3, but not Cenpc. Hum Mol Genet 11, 2319-2329.
18. Schreiber V, Amé JC, Dolle P, Schultz I, Rinaldi B, Fraulob V et al. (2002) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-2 (PARP-2) is required for efficient base excision DNA repair in association with PARP-1 and XRCC1. J Biol Chem 277, 23028-23036.
19. Ménissier de Murcia J, Ricoul M, Tartier L, Niedergang C, Huber A, Dantzer F et al. (2003) Functional interaction between PARP-1 and PARP-2 in chromosome stability and embryonic development in mouse. Embo J 22, 2255-2263.
20. Augustin A, Spenlehauer C, Dumond H, Ménissier-De Murcia J, Piel M, Schmit AC et al. (2003) PARP-3 localizes preferentially to the daughter centriole and interferes with the G1/S cell cycle progression. J Cell Sci 116, 1551-1562.
21. Mendoza-Alvarez H & Alvarez-Gonzalez R (2001) Regulation of p53 sequence-specific DNA-binding by covalent poly (ADP-ribosyl) ation. J Biol Chem 276, 36425-36430.
22. Kameoka M, Ota K, Tetsuka T, Tanaka Y, Itaya A, Okamoto T & Yoshihara K (2000) Evidence for regulation of NF-kappaB by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Biochem J 346 Part 3, 641-649.
23. Rouleau M, Aubin RA & Poirier GG (2004) Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated chromatin domains: access granted. J Cell Sci 117, 815-825.
24. Wang ZQ, Auer B, Stingl L, Berghammer H, Haidacher D, Schweiger M & Wagner EF (1995) Mice lacking ADPRT and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation develop normally but are susceptible to skin disease. Genes Dev 9, 509-520.
25. de Murcia JM, Niedergang C, Trucco C, Ricoul M, Dutrillaux B, Mark M et al. (1997) Requirement of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in recovery from DNA damage in mice and in cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94, 7303-7307.
26. Masutani M, Nozaki T, Nishiyama E, Shimokawa T, Tachi Y, Suzuki H et al. (1999) Function of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in response to DNA damage: gene-disruption study in mice. Mol Cell Biochem 193, 149-152.
27. Shall S & de Murcia G (2000) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1: what have we learned from the deficient mouse model? Mutat Res 460, 1-15.
28. Amé JC, Rolli V, Schreiber V, Niedergang C, Apiou F, Decker P et al. (1999) PARP-2, A novel mammalian DNA damage-dependent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. J Biol Chem 274, 17860-17868.
29. Oliver AW, Amé JC, Roe SM, Good V, de Murcia G & Pearl LH (2004) Crystal structure of the catalytic fragment of murine poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-2. Nucleic Acids Res 32, 456-464.
30. Kanai M, Uchida M, Hanai S, Uematsu N, Uchida K & Miwa M (2000) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase localizes to the centrosomes and chromosomes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 278, 385-389.
31. Kanai M, Tong WM, Sugihara E, Wang ZQ, Fukasawa K & Miwa M (2003) Involvement of poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase 1 and poly (ADP-Ribosyl) ation in regulation of centrosome function. Mol Cell Biol 23, 2451-2462.
32. Kickhoefer VA, Siva AC, Kedersha NL, Inman EM, Ruland C, Streuli M & Rome LH (1999) The 193-kD vault protein, VPARP, is a novel poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. J Cell Biol 146, 917-928.
33. Still IH, Vince P & Cowell JK (1999) Identification of a novel gene (ADPRTL1) encoding a potential poly(ADP-ribosyl) transferase protein. Genomics 62, 533-536.
34. Smith S, Giriat I, Schmitt A & de Lange T (1998) Tankyrase, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase at human telomeres. Science 282, 1484-1487.
35. Chi NW & Lodish HF (2000) Tankyrase is a golgi-associated mitogen-activated protein kinase substrate that interacts with IRAP in GLUT4 vesicles. J Biol Chem 275, 38437-38444.
36. van Steensel B & de Lange T (1997) Control of telomere length by the human telomeric protein TRF1. Nature 385, 740-743.
37. Monz D, Munnia A, Comtesse N, Fischer U, Steudel WI, Feiden W, Glass B & Meese EU (2001) Novel tankyrase-related gene detected with meningioma-specific sera. Clin Cancer Res 7, 113-119.
38. Kuimov AN, Kuprash DV, Petrov VN, Vdovichenko KK, Scanlan MJ, Jongeneel CV et al. (2001) Cloning and characterization of TNKL, a member of tankyrase gene family. Genes Immun 2, 52-55.
39. Kaminker PG, Kim SH, Taylor RD, Zebarjadian Y, Funk WD, Morin GB, Yaswen P & Campisi J (2001) TANK2, a new TRF1-associated poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, causes rapid induction of cell death upon overexpression. J Biol Chem 276, 35891-35899.
40. Sbodio JI & Chi NW (2002) Identification of a tankyrase-binding motif shared by IRAP, TAB182, and human TRF1 but not mouse TRF1. NuMA contains this RXXPDG motif and is a novel tankyrase partner. J Biol Chem 277, 31887-31892.
41. Lyons RJ, Deane R, Lynch DK YeZS, Sanderson GM, Eyre HJ, Sutherland GR & Daly RJ (2001) Identification of a novel human tankyrase through its interaction with the adaptor protein Grb14. J Biol Chem 276, 17172-17180.
42. De Rycker M, Venkatesan RN, Wei C & Price CM (2003) Vertebrate tankyrase domain structure and sterile alpha motif (SAM) -mediated multimerization. Biochem J 372, 87-96.
43. Davidovic L, Vodenicharov M, Affar EB & Poirier GG (2001) Importance of poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase in the control of poly(ADP-ribose) metabolism. Exp Cell Res 268, 7-13.
44. Shimokawa T, Masutani M, Nozaki T, Nakagama H, Araki S, Aoki Y & Sugimura T (1998) The human poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase maps to chromosome 10q11.23-21.1 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Hum Cell 11, 243-246.
45. Amé JC, Apiou F, Jacobson EL & Jacobson MK (1999) Assignment of the poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase gene (PARG) to human chromosome 10q11.23 and mouse chromosome 14B by in situ hybridization. Cytogenet Cell Genet 85, 269-270.
46. Meyer RG, Meyer-Ficca ML, Jacobson EL & Jacobson MK (2003) Human poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) gene and the common promoter sequence it shares with inner mitochondrial membrane translocase 23 (TIM23). Gene 314, 181-190.
47. Meyer-Ficca ML, Meyer RG, Coyle DL, Jacobson EL & Jacobson MK (2004) Human poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase is expressed in alternative splice variants yielding isoforms that localize to different cell compartments. Exp Cell Res 297, 521-532.
48. Cervantes-Laurean D, Jacobson EL & Jacobson MK (1996) Glycation and glycoxidation of histones by ADP-ribose. J Biol Chem 271, 10461-10469.
49. Bernet D, Pinto RM, Costas MJ, Canales J & Cameselle JC (1994) Rat liver mitochondrial ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase in the matrix space with low Km for free ADP-ribose. Biochem J 299, 679-682.
50. Bouchard VJ, Rouleau M & Poirier GG (2003) PARP-1, a determinant of cell survival in response to DNA damage. Exp Hematol 31, 446-454.
51. Ishizuka S, Martin K, Booth C, Potten CS, de Murcia G, Bürkle A & Kirkwood TB (2003) Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 is a survival factor for radiation-exposed intestinal epithelial stem cells in vivo. Nucleic Acids Res 31, 6198-6205.
52. von Kobbe C, Harrigan JA, Schreiber V, Stiegler P, Piotrowski J, Dawut L & Bohr VA (2004) Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 regulates both the exonuclease and helicase activities of the Werner syndrome protein. Nucleic Acids Res 32, 4003-4014.
53. Oei SL & Ziegler M (2000) ATP for the DNA ligation step in base excision repair is generated from poly (ADP-ribose). J Biol Chem 275, 23234-23239.
54. Petermann E, Ziegler M & Oei SL (2003) ATP-dependent selection between single nucleotide and long patch base excision repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2, 1101-1114.
55. Flohr C, Bürkle A, Radicella JP & Epe B (2003) Poly(ADP-ribosyl) ation accelerates DNA repair in a pathway dependent on Cockayne syndrome B protein. Nucleic Acids Res 31, 5332-5337.
56. Süsse S, Scholz CJ, Bürkle A & Wiesmüller L (2004) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) and p53 independently function in regulating double-strand break repair in primate cells. Nucl Acids Res 32, 669-680.
57. Audebert M, Salles B & Calsou P (2004) Involvement of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and XRCC1/DNA ligase III in an alternative route for DNA double-strand breaks rejoining. J Biol Chem 279, 55117-55126.
58. Malanga M & Althaus FR (2004) Poly(ADP-ribose) reactivates stalled DNA topoisomerase I and Induces DNA strand break resealing. J Biol Chem 279, 5244-5248.
59. Meyer-Ficca ML, Scherthan H, Bürkle A & Meyer RG (2005) Poly(ADP-ribosyl) ation during chromatin remodeling steps in rat spermiogenesis. Chromosoma 114, 67-74.
60. Shibata A, Kamada N, Masumura K, Nohmi T, Kobayashi S, Teraoka H et al. (2005) Parp-1 deficiency causes an increase of deletion mutations and insertions/rearrangements in vivo after treatment with an alkylating agent. Oncogene 24, 1328-1337.
61. Van Gool L, Meyer R, Tobiasch E, Cziepluch C, Jauniaux JC, Mincheva A et al. (1997) Overexpression of human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in transfected hamster cells leads to increased poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and cellular sensitization to gamma irradiation. Eur J Biochem 244, 15-20.
62. Cottet F, Blanche H, Verasdonck P, Le Gall I, Schachter F, Bürkle A & Muiras ML (2000) New polymorphisms in the human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 coding sequence: lack of association with longevity or with increased cellular poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation capacity. J Mol Med 78, 431-440.
63. Lockett KL, Hall MC, Xu J, Zheng SL, Berwick M, Chuang SC et al. (2004) The ADPRT V762A genetic variant contributes to prostate cancer susceptibility and deficient enzyme function. Cancer Res 64, 6344-6348.
64. Rajaee-Behbahani N, Schmezer P, Ramroth H, Bürkle A, Bartsch H, Dietz A & Becher H (2002) Reduced poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in lymphocytes of laryngeal cancer patients: results of a case-control study. Int J Cancer 98, 780-784.
65. Meyer R, Müller M, Beneke S, Küpper JH & Bürkle A (2000) Negative regulation of alkylation-induced sister-chromatid exchange by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activity. Int J Cancer 88, 351-355.
66. Brabeck C, Pfeiffer R, Leake A, Beneke S, Meyer R & Bürkle A (2003) 1-selegiline potentiates the cellular poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation response to ionizing radiation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 306, 973-979.
67. Bürkle A (2001) Poly(APD-ribosyl)ation, a DNA damage-driven protein modification and regulator of genomic instability. Cancer Lett 163, 1-5.
68. Beneke S, Diefenbach J & Bürkle A (2004) Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation inhibitors: promising drug candidates for a wide variety of pathophysiologic conditions. Int J Cancer 111, 813-818.
69. Bryant HE, Schultz N, Thomas HD, Parker KM, Flower D, Lopez E et al. (2005) Specific killing of BRCA2-deficient tumours with inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Nature 434, 913-917.
70. Farmer H, McCabe N, Lord CJ, Tutt AN, Johnson DA, Richardson TB et al. (2005) Targeting the DNA repair defect in BRCA mutant cells as a therapeutic strategy. Nature 434, 917-921.
71. Tulin A & Spradling A (2003) Chromatin loosening by poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) at Drosophila puff loci. Science 299, 560-562.
72. Kraus WL & Lis JT (2003) PARP goes transcription. Cell 113, 677-683.
73. Hassa PO & Hottiger MO (2002) The functional role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 as novel coactivator of NF-kappaB in inflammatory disorders. Cell Mol Life Sci 59, 1534-1553.
74. Hassa PO, Buerki C, Lombardi C, Imhof R & Hottiger MO (2003) Transcriptional coactivation of nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent gene expression by p300 is regulated by poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase-1. J Biol Chem 278, 45145-45153.
75. Carrillo A, Monreal Y, Ramirez P, Marin L, Parrilla P, Oliver FJ & Yelamos J (2004) Transcription regulation of TNF-alpha-early response genes by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in murine heart endothelial cells. Nucleic Acids Res 32, 757-766.
76. Ju BG, Solum D, Song EJ, Lee KJ, Rose DW, Glass CK & Rosenfeld MG (2004) Activating the PARP-1 sensor component of the groucho/TLE1 corepressor complex mediates a CaMKinase IIdelta-dependent neurogenic gene activation pathway. Cell 119, 815-829.
77. Pavri R, Lewis B, Kim TK, Dilworth FJ, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P et al. (2005) PARP-1 determines specificity in a retinoid signaling pathway via direct modulation of mediator. Mol Cell 18, 83-96.
78. Petrilli V, Herceg Z, Hassa PO, Patel NS, Di Paola R, Cortes U et al. (2004) Noncleavable poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 regulates the inflammation response in mice. J Clin Invest 114, 1072-1081.
79. Negri C, Donzelli M, Bernardi R, Rossi L, Bürkle A & Scovassi AI (1997) Multiparametric staining to identify apoptotic human cells. Exp Cell Res 234, 174-177.
80. Simbulan-Rosenthal CM, Rosenthal DS, Iyer S, Boulares AH & Smulson ME (1998) Transient poly (ADP-ribosyl) ation of nuclear proteins and role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in the early stages of apoptosis. J Biol Chem 273, 13703-13712.
81. Yu SW, Wang H, Poitras MF, Coombs C, Bowers WJ, Federoff HJ et al. (2002) Mediation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1-dependent cell death by apoptosis-inducing factor. Science 297, 259-263.
82. Berger NA (1985) Poly(ADP-ribose) in the cellular response to DNA damage. Radiat Res 101, 4-15.
83. De Block M, Verduyn C, De Brouwer D & Cornelissen M (2005) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in plants affects energy homeostasis, cell death and stress tolerance. Plant J 41, 95-106.
84. Virag L & Szabo C (2002) The therapeutic potential of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. Pharmacol Rev 54, 375-429.
85. Meli E, Pangallo M, Baronti R, Chiarugi A, Cozzi A, Pellegrini-Giampietro DE & Moroni F (2003) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase as a key player in excitotoxicity and post-ischemic brain damage. Toxicol Lett 139, 153-162.
86. Cipriani G, Rapizzi E, Vannacci A, Rizzuto R, Moroni F & Chiarugi A (2005) Nuclear poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 radpidly triggers mitochondrial dysfunction. J Biol Chem.
87. Zhang J (2003) Are poly (ADP-ribosyl) ation by PARP-1 and deacetylation by Sir2 linked? Bioessays 25, 808-814.
88. Hanai S, Kanai M, Ohashi S, Okamoto K, Yamada M, Takahashi H & Miwa M (2004) Loss of poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase causes progressive neurodegeneration in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101, 82-86.
89. Koh DW, Lawler AM, Poitras MF, Sasaki M, Wattler S, Nehls MC et al. (2004) Failure to degrade poly (ADP-ribose) causes increased sensitivity to cytotoxicity and early embryonic lethality. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101, 17699-17704.
90. Cortes U, Tong WM, Coyle DL, Meyer-Ficca ML, Meyer RG, Petrilli V et al. (2004) Depletion of the 110-kilodalton isoform of poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase increases sensitivity to genotoxic and endotoxic stress in mice. Mol Cell Biol 24, 7163-7178.
91. Earle E, Saxena A, MacDonald A, Hudson DF, Shaffer LG, Saffery R et al. (2000) Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase at active centromeres and neocentromeres at metaphase. Hum Mol Genet 9, 187-194.
92. Saxena A, Saffery R, Wong LH, Kalitsis P & Choo KH (2002) Centromere proteins Cenpa, Cenpb, and Bub3 interact with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 protein and are poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated. J Biol Chem 277, 26921-26926.
93. Chang P, Jacobson MK & Mitchison TJ (2004) Poly (ADP-ribose) is required for spindle assembly and structure. Nature 432, 645-649.
94. Tarapore P, Tokuyama Y, Horn HF & Fukasawa K (2001) Difference in the centrosome duplication regulatory activity among p53 'hot spot' mutants: potential role of Series 315 phosphorylation-dependent centrosome binding of p53. Oncogene 20, 6851-6863.
95. Smith S & de Lange T (1999) Cell cycle dependent localization of the telomeric PARP, tankyrase, to nuclear pore complexes and centrosomes. J Cell Sci 112 (21), 3649-3656.
96. van Zon A, Mossink MH, Schoester M, Houtsmuller AB, Scheffer GL, Scheper RJ et al. (2003) The formation of vault-tubes: a dynamic interaction between vaults and vault PARP. J Cell Sci 116, 4391-4400.
97. Siva AC, Raval-Fernandes S, Stephen AG, LaFemina MJ, Scheper RJ, Kickhoefer VA & Rome LH (2001) Up-regulation of vaults may be necessary but not sufficient for multidrug resistance. Int J Cancer 92, 195-202.
98. Liu Y, Snow BE, Kickhoefer VA, Erdmann N, Zhou W, Wakeham A et al. (2004) Vault poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is associated with mammalian telomerase and is dispensable for telomerase function and vault structure in vivo. Mol Cell Biol 24, 5314-5323.
99. d'Adda di Fagagna F, Hande MP, Tong WM, Lansdorp PM, Wang ZQ & Jackson SP (1999) Functions of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in controlling telomere length and chromosomal stability. Nat Genet 23, 76-80.
100. Grube K & Bürkle A (1992) Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in mononuclear leukocytes of 13 mammalian species correlates with species-specific life span. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89, 11759-11763.
101. Beneke S, Alvarez-Gonzalez R & Bürkle A (2000) Comparative characterisation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 from two mammalian species with different life span. Exp Gerontol 35, 989-1002.
102. Dantzer F, Giraud-Panis MJ, Jaco I, Amé JC, Schultz I, Blasco M et al. (2004) Functional interaction between poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 2 (PARP-2) and TRF2: PARP activity negatively regulates TRF2. Mol Cell Biol 24, 1595-1607.
103. Smith S & de Lange T (2000) Tankyrase promotes telomere elongation in human cells. Curr Biol 10, 1299-1302.
104. Cook BD, Dynek JN, Chang W, Shostak G & Smith S (2002) Role for the related poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases tankyrase 1 and 2 at human telomeres. Mol Cell Biol 22, 332-342.
105. Ye JZ & de Lange T (2004) TIN2 is a tankyrase 1 PARP modulator in the TRF1 telomere length control complex. Nat Genet 36, 618-623.
106. Seimiya H & Smith S (2002) The telomeric poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, tankyrase 1, contains multiple binding sites for telomeric repeat binding factor 1 (TRF1) and a novel acceptor, 182-kDa tankyrase-binding protein (TAB182). J Biol Chem 277, 14116-14126.
107. Sbodio JI, Lodish HF & Chi NW (2002) Tankyrase-2 oligomerizes with tankyrase-1 and binds to both TRF1 (telomere-repeat-binding factor 1) and IRAP (insulin-responsive aminopeptidase). Biochem J 361, 451-459.
108. Ma Q, Baldwin KT, Renzelli AJ, McDaniel A & Dong L (2001) TCDD-inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: a novel response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 289, 499-506.
109. Ma Q (2002) Induction and superinduction of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- rho-dioxin-inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor/aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator transcription activation domains and a labile transcription repressor. Arch Biochem Biophys 404, 309-316.
110. Yu M, Schreek S, Cerni C, Schamberger C, Lesniewicz K, Poreba E et al. (2005) PARP-10, a novel Myc-interacting protein with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity, inhibits transformation. Oncogene 24, 1982-1993.