Neuroprotection by rasagiline: A new therapeutic approach to Parkinson's disease?

CNS Drug Reviews

Volumn 11, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 183-194

  Blandini, Fabio ^a  

^a C MONDINO NATIONAL NEUROLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Italy)

Author keywords

Apoptosis; L DOPA; Monoamine oxidase; Neurodegeneration; Rasagiline; Substantia nigra

Indexed keywords

LEVODOPA; MONOAMINE OXIDASE B INHIBITOR; MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR; RASAGILINE; SELEGILINE;

APOPTOSIS; ARTHRALGIA; CELL DEATH; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; DYSKINESIA; HEADACHE; HUMAN; MONOTHERAPY; NERVE DEGENERATION; NEUROPROTECTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PARKINSON DISEASE; REVIEW; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; SIDE EFFECT; SUBSTANTIA NIGRA;

EID: 24644441649     PISSN: 1080563X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2005.tb00269.x     Document Type: Review

References (98)

1. Abu-Raya S, Blaugrund E, Trembovler V, Shilderman-Bloch E, Shohami E, Lazarovici P. Rasagiline, a monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor, protects NGF-differentiated PC12 cells against oxygen-glucose deprivation. J Neurosci Res 1999;58:456-463.
2. Abu-Raya S, Tabakman R, Blaugrund E, Trembovler V, Lazarovici P. Neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors and derived metabolites under ischemia in PC12 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2002;434:109-116.
3. Akao Y, Maruyama W, Shimizu S, Yi H, et al. Mitochondrial permeability transition mediates apoptosis induced by N-methyl(R)salsolinol, an endogenous neurotoxin, and is inhibited by Bcl-2 and rasagiline, N-propargyl-1(R)- aminoindan. J Neurochem 2002;82:913-923.
4. Am OB, Amit T, Youdim MB. Contrasting neuroprotective and neurotoxic actions of respective metabolites of anti-Parkinson drugs rasagiline and selegiline. Neurosci Lett 2004;355:169-172.
5. Anglade P, Vyas S, Javoy-Agid F, et al. Apoptosis and autophagy in nigral neurons of patients with Parkinson's disease. Histol Histopathol 1997;12:25-31.
6. Banasiak KJ, Xia Y, Haddad GG. Mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced neuronal apoptosis. Prog Neurobiol 2000;62:215-249.
7. Bar-Am O, Yogev-Falach M, Amit T, Sagi Y, Youdim MB. Regulation of protein kinase C by the anti-Parkinson drug, MAO-B inhibitor, rasagiline and its derivatives, in vivo. J Neurochem 2004;89:1119-1125.
8. Beal MF. Does impairment of energy metabolism result in excitotoxic neuronal death in neurodegenerative illnesses? Ann Neurol 1992;31:119-130.
9. Belzacq AS, Brenner C. The adenine nucleotide translocator: A new potential chemotherapeutic target. Curr Drug Targets 2003;4:517-524.
10. Belzacq AS, Vieira HL, Verrier F, et al. Bcl-2 and Bax modulate adenine nucleotide translocase activity. Cancer Res 2003;63:541-546.
11. Betarbet R, Sherer TB, MacKenzie G, Garcia-Osuna M, Panov AV, Greenamyre JT. Chronic systemic pesticide exposure reproduces features of Parkinson's disease. Nat Neurosci 2000;3:1301-1306.
12. Blandini F, Armentero MT, Fancellu R, Blaugrund E, Nappi G. Neuroprotective effect of rasagiline in a rodent model of Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2004;187:455-459.
13. Blandini F, Cosentino M, Mangiagalli A, et al. Modifications of apoptosis-related protein levels in lymphocytes of patients with Parkinson's disease. The effect of dopaminergic treatment. J Neural Transm 2004;111: 1017-1030.
14. Blandini F, Nappi G, Tassorelli C, Martignoni E. Functional changes of the basal ganglia circuitry in Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2000;62:63-88.
15. Blandini F, Porter RH, Greenamyre JT. Glutamate and Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurobiol 1996;12:73-94.
16. Blum D, Torch S, Lambeng N, et al. Molecular pathways involved in the neurotoxicity of 6-OHDA, dopamine and MPTP: Contribution to the apoptotic theory in Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2001;65: 135-172.
17. Brenner C, Marzo I, Kroemer G. A revolution in apoptosis: From a nucleocentric to a mitochondriocentric perspective. Exp Gerontol 1998;33:543-553.
18. Burke RE and Kholodilov NG. Programmed cell death: Does it play a role in Parkinson's disease? Ann Neurol 1998;44(Suppl 1):S126-S133.
19. Cotzias GC, Van Woert MH, Schiffer LM. Aromatic amino acids and modification of parkinsonism. N Engl J Med 1967;276:374-379.
20. Dodel RC, Du Y, Bales KR, Ling Z, Carvey PM, Paul SM. Caspase-3-like proteases and 6-hydroxydopamine induced neuronal cell death. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1999;64:141-148.
21. Durkin JP, Tremblay R, Chakravarthy B, et al. Evidence that the early loss of membrane protein kinase C is a necessary step in the excitatory amino acid-induced death of primary cortical neurons. J Neurochem 1997; 68:1400-1412.
22. Eliash S, Shteter N, Eilam R. Neuroprotective effect of rasagiline, a monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor, on spontaneous cell degeneration in a rat model. J Neural Transm 2005; In press.
23. Eliash S, Speiser Z, Cohen S. Rasagiline and its (S) enantiomer increase survival and prevent stroke in salt-loaded stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Neural Transm 2001;108:909-923.
24. Finberg JP, Youdim MB. Pharmacological properties of the anti-Parkinson drug rasagiline: Modification of endogenous brain amines, reserpine reversal, serotonergic and dopaminergic behaviours. Neuropharmacology 2002;43:1110-1118.
25. Fornai F, Lenzi P, Gesi M, et al. Fine structure and biochemical mechanisms underlying nigrostriatal inclusions and cell death after proteasome inhibition. J Neurosci 2003;23:8955-8966.
26. Forno LS. Neuropathology of Parkinson's disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1996;55:259-272.
27. 11C]deprenyl and positron emission tomography (PET). Mov Disord 2005;20(Suppl 10):S89.
28. Giladi N, Rascol O, Brooks DJ, et al. Rasagiline treatment can improve freezing of gait in advanced Parkinson's disease: A prospective randomized, double blind, placebo and entacapone controlled study. Neurology 2004;62(Suppl 5):S329-330.
29. Greenamyre JT. Glutamatergic influences on the basal ganglia. Clin Neuropharmacol 2001;24:65-70.
30. Halestrap AP. The mitochondrial permeability transition: Its molecular mechanism and role in reperfusion injury. Biochem Soc Symp 1999;66:181-203.
31. Hartley A, Stone JM, Heron C, Cooper JM, Schapira AH. Complex I inhibitors induce dose-dependent apoptosis in PC12 cells: Relevance to Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 1994;63:1987-1990.
32. Hartmann A, Hunot S, Michel PP, et al. Caspase-3: A vulnerability factor and final effector in apoptotic death of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;97:2875-2880.
33. Hartmann A, Michel PP, Troadec JD, et al. Is Bax a mitochondrial mediator in apoptotic death of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease? J Neurochem 2001;76:1785-1793.
34. Hartmann A, Troadec JD, Hunot S, et al. Caspase-8 is an effector in apoptotic death of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease, but pathway inhibition results in neuronal necrosis. J Neurosci 2001;21: 2247-2255.
35. Heikkila RE, Duvoisin RC, Finberg JP, Youdim MB. Prevention of MPTP-induced neurotoxicity by AGN-1133 and AGN-1135, selective inhibitors of monoamine oxidase-B. Eur J Pharmacol 1985;116: 313-317.
36. Hirsch EC, Hunot S, Faucheux B, et al. Dopaminergic neurons degenerate by apoptosis in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 1999;14:383-385.
37. Hirsch EC, Hunot S, Hartmann A. Mechanism of cell death in experimental models of Parkinson's disease. Funct Neurol 2000;15:229-237.
38. Huang W, Chen Y, Shohami E, Weinstock M. Neuroprotective effect of rasagiline, a selective monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor, against closed head injury in the mouse. Eur J Pharmacol 1999;366:127-135.
39. Jellinger KA. Cell death mechanism in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm 2000;107:1-29.
40. Jenner P. Oxidative mechanisms in nigral cell death in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 1998;13(Suppl 1): 24-34.
41. Jenner P. Oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 2003;53(Suppl 3):S26-S36.
42. +-induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells: Intermediacy of transferrin receptor iron and hydrogen peroxide. J Biol Chem 2004;279:15240-15247.
43. Kupsch A, Sautter J, Gotz ME, et al. Monoamine oxidase-inhibition and MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in the non-human primate: Comparison of rasagiline (TVP 1012) with selegiline. J Neural Transm 2001;108: 985-1009.
44. Lamensdorf I, Youdim MB, Finberg JP. Effect of long-term treatment with selective monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors on dopamine release from rat striatum in vivo. J Neurochem 1996;67:1532-1539.
45. Lang-Rollin I, Vekrellis K, Wang Q, Rideout HJ, Stefanis L. Application of proteasomal inhibitors to mouse sympathetic neurons activates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. J Neurochem 2004;90:1511-1520.
46. Lemasters JJ, Nieminen AL, Qian T, et al. The mitochondrial permeability transition in cell death: A common mechanism in necrosis, apoptosis and autophagy. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998;1366:177-196.
47. LeWitt PA. Clinical trials of neuroprotection for Parkinson's disease. Neurology 2004;63:S23-S31.
48. Maher P. How protein kinase C activation protects nerve cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death. J Neurosci 2001;21:2929-2938.
49. Markey SP and Schmuff NR. The pharmacology of the parkinsonian syndrome producing neurotoxin MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) and structurally related compounds. Med Res Rev 1986;6: 389-429.
50. Marshall KA, Daniel SE, Cairns N, Jenner P, Halliwell B. Upregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 may be an early event in neurodegeneration: Studies on Parkinson's and incidental Lewy body disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997;240:84-87.
51. Maruyama W, Akao Y, Carrillo MC, Kitani K, Youdium MB, Naoi M. Neuroprotection by propargylamines in Parkinson's disease: Suppression of apoptosis and induction of prosurvival genes. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2002;24:675-682.
52. Maruyama W, Akao Y, Youdim MB, Naoi M. Neurotoxins induce apoptosis in dopamine neurons: protection by N-propargylamine-1(R)- and (S)-aminoindan, rasagiline and TV1022. J Neural Transm 2000; Suppl:171-186.
53. Maruyama W, Nitta A, Shamoto-Nagai M, et al. N-Propargyl-1(R)-aminoindan, rasagiline, increases glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells through activation of NF-κB transcription factor. Neurochem Int 2004;44:393-400.
54. Maruyama W, Youdim MB, Naoi M. Antiapoptotic properties of rasagiline, N-propargylamine-1(R)-aminoindan, and its optical (S)-isomer, TV1022. Ann NY Acad Sci 2001;939:320-329.
55. McNaught KS, Perl DP, Brownell AL, Olanow CW. Systemic exposure to proteasome inhibitors causes a progressive model of Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 2004;56:149-162.
56. Migliore L, Petrozzi L, Lucetti C, et al. Oxidative damage and cytogenetic analysis in leukocytes of Parkinson's disease patients. Neurology 2002;58:1809-1815.
57. Mitchell IJ, Lawson S, Moser B, et al. Glutamate-induced apoptosis results in a loss of striatal neurons in the parkinsonian rat. Neuroscience 1994;63:1-5.
58. Mitchell IJ, Lawson S, Moser B, et al. Glutamate-induced apoptosis results in a loss of striatal neurons in the parkinsonian rat. Neuroscience 1994;63:1-5.
59. Mochizuki H, Goto K, Mori H, Mizuno Y. Histochemical detection of apoptosis in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 1996;137:120-123.
60. Mogi M, Togari A, Kondo T, et al. Caspase activities and tumor necrosis factor receptor R1 (p55) level are elevated in the substantia nigra from parkinsonian brain. J Neural Transm 2000;107:335-341.
61. Mytilineou C, McNaught KS, Shashidharan P, et al. Inhibition of proteasome activity sensitizes dopamine neurons to protein alterations and oxidative stress. J Neural Transm 2004;111:1237-1251.
62. Nagatsu T, Mogi M, Ichinose H, Togari A. Changes in cytokines and neurotrophins in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm 2000;Suppl:277-290.
63. Naoi M, Maruyama W, Akao Y, Yi H. Mitochondria determine the survival and death in apoptosis by an endogenous neurotoxin, N-methyl(R)salsolinol, and neuroprotection by propargylamines. J Neural Transm 2002;109:607-621.
64. Obeso JA, Olanow CW, Nutt JG. Levodopa motor complications in Parkinson's disease. Trends Neurosci 2000;23:S2-S7.
65. Oh C, Murray B, Bhattacharya N, Holland D, Tatton WG. (-)-Deprenyl alters the survival of adult murine facial motoneurons after axotomy: Increases in vulnerable C57BL strain but decreases in motor neuron degeneration mutants. J Neurosci Res 1994;38:64-74.
66. Parkinson Study Group. DATATOP: A multicenter controlled clinical trial in early Parkinson's disease. Parkinson Study Group. Arch Neurol 1989;46:1052-1060.
67. Parkinson Study Group. Entacapone improves motor fluctuations in levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease patients. Ann Neurol 1997;42:747-755.
68. Parkinson Study Group. A controlled trial of rasagiline in early Parkinson disease: The TEMPO Study. Arch Neural 2002;59:1937-1943.
69. Parkinson Study Group. A controlled, randomized, delayed-start study of rasagiline in early Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol 2004;61:561-566.
70. Parkinson Study Group. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of rasagiline in levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson disease and motor fluctuations: The PRESTO study. Arch Neurol 2005;62:241-248.
71. Petrucelli L and Dawson TM. Mechanism of neurodegenerative disease: Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system. Ann Med 2004;36:315-320.
72. Rabey JM, Sagi I, Huberman M, et al. Rasagiline mesylate, a new MAO-B inhibitor for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: A double-blind study as adjunctive therapy to levodopa. Clin Neuropharmacol 2000;23: 324-330.
73. Rascol O, Brooks DJ, Melamed E, et al. Rasagiline as an adjunct to levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease and motor fluctuations (LARGO, Lasting effect in Adjunct therapy with Rasagiline Given Once daily, study): A randomised, double-blind, parallel-group trial. Lancet 2005;365:947-954.
74. Reynolds GP, Elsworth JD, Blau K, Sandler M, Lees AJ, Stern GM. Deprenyl is metabolized to methamphetamine and amphetamine in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1978;6:542-544.
75. Riederer P, Lachenmayer L, Laux G. Clinical applications of MAO-inhibitors. Curr Med Chem 2004;11:2033-2043.
76. Rinne UK, Larsen JP, Siden A, Worm-Petersen J. Entacapone enhances the response to levodopa in parkinsonian patients with motor fluctuations. Nomecomt Study Group. Neurology 1998;51:1309-1314.
77. Schapira AH. Causes of neuronal death in Parkinson's disease. Adv Neurol 2001;86:155-162.
78. Sherer TB, Betarbet R, Greenamyre JT. Pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2001;2:657-662.
79. Speiser Z, Levy R, Cohen S. Effects of N-propargyl-1-(R)aminoindan (rasagiline) in models of motor and cognition disorders. J Neural Transm 1998;52(Suppl):287-300.
80. Speiser Z, Mayk A, Eliash S, Cohen S. Studies with rasagiline, a MAO-B inhibitor, in experimental focal ischemia in the rat. J Neural Transm 1999;106:593-606.
81. Stern MB, Marek KL, Friedman J, et al. Double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of rasagiline as monotherapy in early Parkinson's disease patients. Mov Disord 2004;19:916-923.
82. Stocchi F, LARGO Study Group. Effect of rasagiline on severity of OFF in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2004;19(Suppl 9):S208-209.
83. Suleiman MS, Halestrap AP, Griffiths EJ. Mitochondria: A target for myocardial protection. Pharmacol Ther 2001;89:29-46.
84. Tatton NA. Increased caspase 3 and Bax immunoreactivity accompany nuclear GAPDH translocation and neuronal apoptosis in Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2000;166:29-43.
85. Tatton NA. Increased caspase 3 and Bax immunoreactivity accompany nuclear GAPDH translocation and neuronal apoptosis in Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2000;166:29-43.
86. Tatton NA and Kish SJ. In situ detection of apoptotic nuclei in the substantia nigra compacta of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine- treated mice using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase labelling and acridine orange staining. Neuroscience 1997;77:1037-1048.
87. Thebault JJ, Guillaume M, Levy R. Tolerability, safety, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of rasagiline: A potent, selective, and irreversible monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor. Pharmacotherapy 2004;24: 1295-1305.
88. Van Cruchten S and Van Den BW. Morphological and biochemical aspects of apoptosis, oncosis and necrosis. Anat Histol Embryol 2002;31:214-223.
89. Waibel S, Reuter A, Malessa S, Blaugrund E, Ludolph AC. Rasagiline alone and in combination with riluzole prolongs survival in an ALS mouse model. J Neurol 2004;251:1080-1084.
90. Weinreb O, Bar-Am O, Amit T, Chillag-Talmor O, Youdim MB. Neuroprotection via pro-survival protein kinase C isoforms associated with Bcl-2 family members. FASEB J 2004;18:1471-1473.
91. Wilson MR. Apoptotic signal transduction: Emerging pathways. Biochem Cell Biol 1998;76:573-582.
92. Youdim MB, Amit T, Falach-Yogev M, Am OB, Maruyama W, Naoi M. The essentiality of Bcl-2, PKC and proteasome-ubiquitin complex activations in the neuroprotective-antiapoptotic action of the anti-Parkinson drug, rasagiline. Biochem Pharmacol 2003;66:1635-1641.
93. Youdim MB, Gross A, Finberg JP. Rasagiline [N-propargyl-1R(+)-aminoindan] , a selective and potent inhibitor of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase B. Br J Pharmacol 2001;132:500-506.
94. Youdim MB, Riederer PF. A review of the mechanisms and role of monoamine oxidase inhibitors in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 2004;63:S32-S35.
95. Youdim MB, Wadia A, Tatton W, Weinstock M. The anti-Parkinson drug rasagiline and its cholinesterase inhibitor derivatives exert neuroprotection unrelated to MAO inhibition in cell culture and in vivo. Ann NY Acad Sci 2001;939:450-458.
96. Youdim MB, Weinstock M. Molecular basis of neuroprotective activities of rasagiline and the anti-Alzheimer drug TV3326 [(N-propargyl-(3R)aminoindan-5-yl) -ethyl methyl carbamate]. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2001; 21:555-573.
97. Youdim MB and Weinstock M. Therapeutic applications of selective and non-selective inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A and B that do not cause significant tyramine potentiation. Neurotoxicology 2004;25: 243-250.
98. Zhang J, Price JO, Graham DG, Montine TJ. Secondary excitotoxicity contributes to dopamine-induced apoptosis of dopaminergic neuronal cultures. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998;248:812-816.