Plant sterols are efficacious in lowering plasma LDL and non-HDL cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic persons

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 81, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 1351-1358

  Lau, Vivian W Y ^b   Journoud, Mélanie ^b   Jones, Peter J H ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Cholesterol; Hypercholesterolemia; Plant sterols; Type 2 diabetes

Indexed keywords

HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PHYTOSTEROL; PLACEBO; STARCH; FATTY ACID; GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN; INSULIN;

CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONFERENCE PAPER; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSSOVER PROCEDURE; DIET; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; MALE; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; ADULT; AGED; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; BLOOD; CHEMISTRY; ERYTHROCYTE; METABOLISM; MIDDLE AGED; PHYTOTHERAPY; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; CHOLESTEROL, HDL; CHOLESTEROL, LDL; CROSS-OVER STUDIES; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; ERYTHROCYTES; FATTY ACIDS; FEMALE; HEMOGLOBIN A, GLYCOSYLATED; HUMANS; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; INSULIN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PHYTOSTEROLS; PHYTOTHERAPY; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 21944443404     PISSN: 00029165     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/81.6.1351     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (51)

1. Ginsberg HN. Lipoprotein physiology in non-diabetic and diabetic states. Relationship to atherogenesis. Diabetes Care 1991;14:839-55.
2. Polonsky KS, J Stuns, GI Bell. Seminars in medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus-a genetically programmed failure of the beta cell to compensate for insulin resistance. N Engl J Med 1996;334:777-83.
3. American Diabetes Association. Management of dyslipidemia in adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care 1999;22:S56-9.
4. Howard BV. Lipoprotein metabolism in diabetes mellitus. J Lipid Res 1987;28:613-28.
5. De Fronzo RA, Bonadonna RC, Ferrannini E. Pathogenesis of NIDDM-a balanced overview. Diabetes Care 1992;5:318-68.
6. Howard BV, Howard WJ. Dyslipidemia in non-insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus. Endocr Rev 1994;15:263-74.
7. Laakso M. Glycemic control and the risk of coronary heart disease in patients with non-insulin-dependant-diabetes mellitus. The Finnish Studies. Ann Intern Med 1996;124:127-30.
8. Harris MI. Hypercholesterolemia in diabetes and glucose intolerance in the U.S. population. Diabetes Care 1991;14:366-74.
9. Briones ER, Steiger DL, Palumbo PJ, et al. Sterol excretion and cholesterol absorption in diabetics and nondiabetics with and without hyperlipidemia. Am J Clin Nutr 1986;44:353-61.
10. Gylling H, Miettinen TA. Serum cholesterol and cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism in hypercholesterolemic NIDDM patients before and during sitostanol ester-margarine treatment. Diabetologia 1994;37:773-80.
11. Gylling H, Miettinen TA. Cholesterol absorption, synthesis and LDL metabolism in NIDDM. Diabetes Care 1997;20:90-5.
12. Strandberg TE, Salomaa V, Vanhanen H, Miettinen TA. Associations of fasting blood glucose with cholesterol absorption and synthesis in non-diabetic middle-aged men. Diabetes 1996;45:755-60.
13. Simonen PP, Gylling H, Howard AN, Miettinen TA. Introducing a new component of the metabolic syndrome: low cholesterol absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:82-8.
14. Stamler J, Vaccaro O, Neaton JD, Wentworth D. Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12-year cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Diabetes Care 1993;16:434-44.
15. Haffner SM, Lehto S, Ronnemaa T. Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in non-diabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1998;339:229-34.
16. Meltzer S, Leiter L, Daneman D, et al. 1998 Clinical practice guidelines for the management of diabetes in Canada. Can Med Assoc J 1998;159: S1-29.
17. Hallé JP. The management and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Can J Contin Med Educ 2001;6:65-74.
18. Jones PJH, MacDougall DE, Ntanios F, Vanstone CA. Dietary phytosterols as cholesterol-lowering agents in humans. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1997;75:217-27.
19. Lichtenstein AH, Deckelbaum RJ. Stanol/sterol ester-containing foods and blood cholesterol levels. Circulation 2001;103:1177-9.
20. Bouic PJD. Sterol/sterolins: the natural, nontoxic immuno-modulators and their role in the control of rheumatoid arthritis. The Arthritis Trust 1998;summer:3-6.
21. Gylling H, Miettinen TA. Effects of inhibiting cholesterol absorption and synthesis on cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism in hypercholesterolemic non-insulin dependent men. J Lipid Res 1996;37:1776-85.
22. Law M. Plant sterol and stanol margarines and health. BMJ 2000;230: 861-4.
23. Lee YM, Haastert B, Scherbaum W, Hauner H. A phytosterol-enriched spread improves the lipid profile of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized controlled trial under free-living conditions. Eur J Nutr 2003;42:111-7.
24. Miettinen TA, Puska P, Gylling H, Vanhanen HT, Vartiainen E. Reduction of serum cholesterol with sitostanol-ester margarine in a mildly hypercholesterolemic population. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1308-12.
25. Jones PJH, Ntanios F. Comparable efficacy of hydrogenated versus nonhydrogenated plant sterol esters on circulating cholesterol levels in humans. Nutr Rev 1998;56:245-8.
26. Jones PJH, Ntanios FY, Raeini-Sarjaz M, Vanstone CA. Cholesterol lowering efficacy of a sitostanol-containing phytosterol mixture with a prudent diet in hyperlipidemic men. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:1144-50.
27. Hendriks HFJ, Weststrate JA, van Vliet T, Meijer GW. Spread enriched with three different levels of vegetable oil sterols and the degree of cholesterol lowering in normocholesterolaemic and mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999;53:319-27.
28. Pelletier X, Belbraouet S, Mirabel D, et al. A diet moderately enriched in phytosterols lowers plasma cholesterol concentrations in normocholesterolemic humans. Ann Nutr Metab 1995;39:291-5.
29. Weststrate JA, Meijer GW. Plant-sterol-enriched margarines and reduction of plasma total- and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in normocholesterolaemic and mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 1998;52:334-43.
30. Hallikainen MA, Sarkkinen ES, Uusitupa MI. Plant stanol ester affect serum cholesterol concentrations of hypercholesterolemic men and women in a dose-dependent manner. J Nutr 2000;130:767-76.
31. Jones PJH, Raeini-Sarjaz M, Ntanios NY, Vanstone CA, Feng JY, Parsons WE. Modulation of plasma lipid levels and cholesterol kinetics by phytosterol versus phytostanol esters. J Lipid Res 2000;41:697-705.
32. Plat J, van Onselen EN, van Heugten MM, Mensink RP. Effects on serum lipids, lipoproteins and fat soluble antioxidant concentrations of consumption frequency of margarines and shortening enriched with plant stanol esters. Eur J Clin Nutr 2000;54:671-7.
33. Tammi A, Ronnemaa T, Gylling H, et al. Plant stanol ester margarine lowers serum total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations of healthy children: The STRIP project. J Pediatr 2000;136:503-10.
34. Nigon F, Serfaty-Lacrosniere C, Beucler I, et al. Plant sterol enriched margarine lowers plasma LDL in hyperlipidemic subjects with low cholesterol intake: effect of fibrate treatment. Clin Chem Lab Med 2001; 39:634-40.
35. Christiansen LI, Lahtennmaki P, Mannelin MR, Seppanen-Laakso TE, Hiltunen RV, Yliruusi JK. Cholesterol-lowering effect of spreads enriched with microcrystalline plant sterols in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Eur J Nutr 2001;40:66-73.
36. Canadian Diabetes Association. Good health eating guide resource. Toronto, Canada: Canadian Diabetes Association, 1990.
37. Mifflin MD, St-Jeor ST, Hill LA, Scott BJ, Daugherty SA, Koh YD. A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:241-7.
38. Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Average daily energy requirement of adults whose occupational work is classified as light, moderate, or heavy, expressed as a multiple of basal metabolic rate. In: Modern nutrition in health and disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. (Appendix A-11-e.)
39. Vanstone CA, Raeini-Sarjaz M, Parsons WE, Jones PJH. Unesterified plant sterols and stanols lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels equivalently in hypercholesterolemic Individuals. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76:1272-8.
40. 2+ precipitation procedure for quantitation of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. Clin Chem 1982;28:1379-88.
41. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Frederickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of LDL lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972;18:499-502.
42. Folch J, Lees M, Sloane Stanley GH. A simple method for the extraction and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 1957; 226:497-509.
43. Al Makdessi S, Andrieu JL, Bacconin A, Fugier JC, Herilier H, Faucon G. Assay of lipids in dog myocardium using capillary gas chromatography and derivatization with boron trifluoride and methanol. J Chromatogr 1985;339:25-34.
44. Howell TJ, MacDougall DE, Jones PJH. Phytosterols partially explain differences in cholesterol metabolism caused by corn or olive oil feeding. J Lipid Res 1998;39:892-900.
45. Ntanios FY, Jones PJH. Dietary sitostanol reciprocally influences cholesterol absorption and biosynthesis in hamsters and rabbits. Atherosclerosis 1999;143:341-51.
46. Yang EJ, Chung HK, Kim WY, Kerver JM, Song WO. Carbohydrate intake is associated with diet quality and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in U.S. adults: NHANES III. J Am Coll Nutr 2003; 22:71-9.
47. Hallikainen MA, Uusitupa MIJ. Effect of 2 low-fat stanol-ester-containing margarines on serum cholesterol concentrations as a part of a low-fat diet in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69: 403-10.
48. Cui Y, Blumenthal RS, Flaws JA, et al. Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level as a predictor of cardiovascular disease mortality. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:1413-9.
49. Korpela R, Seppo L, Laakso J, et al. Dietary habits affect the susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein to oxidation. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999;53: 802-7.
50. Schwab US, Sarkkinen ES, Lichtenstein AH, et al. The effect of quality and amount of dietary fat on the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidation in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Eur J Clin Nutr 1998;52:452-8.
51. Decker M, Staab D, von Bergmann K. Treatment of severe familial hypercholesterolemia in childhood with sitosterol and sitostanol. J Pediatr 1993;122:292-6.