Dendrimers - Nanoparticles with precisely engineered surfaces

Current Organic Chemistry

Volumn 9, Issue 11, 2005, Pages 1025-1051

  Gitsov, Igivanov ^a   Lin, C ^a  

^a SUNY UPSTATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MACROMOLECULES; NANOPARTICLES;

BROAD APPLICATION; CONSTRUCTION STRATEGIES; DENDRITIC MACROMOLECULES; DENDRITIC MOLECULE; ENGINEERED SURFACES; MACROMOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE; NANOENVIRONMENTS; SPATIAL ARRANGEMENTS; SPECIFIC INTERACTION; SURFACE-RELATED PROPERTIES;

DENDRIMERS;

ACID ANHYDRIDE; ALDEHYDE DERIVATIVE; AZETIDINE; BENZENE DERIVATIVE; CHLORIDE; DENDRIMER; ESTER DERIVATIVE; ISOCYANIC ACID DERIVATIVE; NANOPARTICLE; POLYSTYRENE;

AMIDATION; CHEMICAL INTERACTION; CHEMICAL MODIFICATION; CHEMICAL REACTION; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CROSS LINKING; CYCLIZATION; ENERGY TRANSFER; GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; HYDROPHILICITY; MACROMOLECULE; MICELLE; MICHAEL ADDITION; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; REVIEW; SYNTHESIS;

EID: 21344444119     PISSN: 13852728     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1385272054368448     Document Type: Review

References (161)

1. Newkome, G.R.; Moorefield, C.N.; Vögtle, F. Dendrimers and Dendrons. Concepts, Syntheses, Applications, Wiley-VCH; New York, 2001;
2. b) Dendrimers and Other Dendritic Polymers; Fréchet, J.M.J.; Tomalia, D.A., Eds.; Wiley: New York, 2001.
3. Matthews, O.A.; Shipway, A.N.; Stoddart, J.F. Prog. Polym. Sci., 1998 23, 1.
4. Narayanan, V.V.; Newkome, G.R. In Topics in Current Chemistry; Vögtle, F., Ed.; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 1998; Vol. 197, pp. 19.
5. Tomalia D.A.; Majoros I. J. Macromol. Sci.-Polym. Rev., 2003, C43, 411.
6. Chow, H.F.; Leong, C.-F.; Wang, G.-X.; Zhang, J. In Topics in Current Chemistry; Vögtle, F., Ed.; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 2001; Vol. 217, p. 1.
7. Grayson, S.; Fréchet, J.M. J. Chem. Rev., 2001, 101, 3819.
8. Ishizu, K.; Tsubaki, K.; Mori, A. Progr. Polym. Sci., 2003, 28, 27.
9. Roovers, J.; Comanita, B. Adv. Polym. Sci., 1999, 142, 179.
10. Twyman, L.J.; King, A.S.H.; Martin I.K. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2002, 31, 69.
11. Hecht, S.J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem., 2003, 41, 1047.
12. Flory, P.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1941, 63, 3083, 3091, 3096.
13. Flory, P.J. Principles of polymer chemistry, Cornell University Press: Ithaca, 1953.
14. Stockmayer, W.H. J. Chem. Phys., 1943, 11, 45.
15. Stockmayer, W.H. J. Chem. Phys., 1944, 12, 125.
16. Buhleier, E.; Welmer, W.; Vögtle, F. Synthesis, 1978, 155.
17. de Brabander-van den Berg, E.M.M.; Meijer, E.W. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1993, 32, 1308.
18. Wörner, C.; Mülhaupt, R. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1993, 32, 1306.
19. Tomalia, D.A; Baker H.; Dewald, J.R.; Hall, M.; Kallos, G.; Martin, S.; Roeck, J.; Ryder, J.; Smith, P. Polym. J., 1985, 17, 117.
20. Newkome, G.R.; Yao, Z.Q.; Baker G.R.; Gupta V.K. J. Org. Chem., 1985, 50, 2003.
21. Nanjo, M.; Sekiguchi, A. Organometalics, 1998, 17, 492.
22. Krska, S.W.; Seyferth, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 3604.
23. Vinogradov, S.A.; Lo, L.W.; Wilson, D.F. Chem. - Eur. J., 1999, 5, 1338.
24. Bruning, K.; Lang, H. Synthesis, 1999, 1931.
25. Sartor, V.; Nlate, S.; Fillaut, J.L.; Djakovitch, L.; Moulines, F.; Marvaud, V.; Neveu, F.; Blais, J.C.; Letard, J.F.; Astruc, D. New J. Chem., 2000, 24, 351.
26. Salamonczyk, G.M.; Kuznikowski, M.; Skowronska, A. Tetrahedron Lett., 2000, 41, 1643.
27. Wiesler, U.M.; Berresheim, A.J.; Morgenroth, F.; Lieser, G.; Mullen, K. Macromolecules, 2001, 34, 187.
28. Fréchet, J.M.J.; Jiang, Y.; Hawker, C.J.; Philippides, A. Proc. IUPAC Int. Symp. Functional Polymers, Seoul 1989, 19.
29. Fréchet, J.M.J.; Hawker, C.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1990, 112, 7638.
30. Miller, T. M.; Neenan, T.X. Chem. Mater., 1990, 2, 346.
31. Miller, T.M.; Neenan, T.X.; Zayas, R.; Bair H.E. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1992, 114, 1018.
32. Ihre, H.; Hult, A.; Gitsov, I.; Fréchet, J.M.J. Macromolecules, 1998, 31, 4061.
33. Tomalia D.A.; Naylor, A.M.; Goddard III, W.A. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1990, 29, 138.
34. Mourey, T.H.; Turner, S.R.; Rubinstein, M.; Fréchet, J.M.J.; Hawker, C.J.; Wooley, K.L. Macromolecules, 1992, 25, 2401.
35. Merino, S.; Brauge, L.; Caminade, A.M.; Majoral, J.P.; Taton, D.; Gnanou, Y. Chem. Eur. J., 2001, 7, 3095.
36. Hawker, C.J.; Wooley K.L.; Fréchet J.M.J. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1993, 1287.
37. Young J.K.; Gregory R.B.; Newkome G.R.; Morris K.F.; Johnson C.S. Macromolecules, 1994, 27, 3464.
38. Farrington, P.J.; Hawker, C.J.; Fréchet, J.M.J. Mackay, M. E. Macromolecules, 1998, 31, 5043.
39. Fox, T.G.; Flory, P.J. J. Polym. Sci., 1954, 14, 315.
40. Wooley, K.L.; Hawker, C.J.; Pochan, J.M.; Fréchet, J.M.J. Macromolecules, 1993, 26, 1514.
41. Stutz, H. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 1995, 33, 333.
42. Lochmann, L.; Wooley, K.L.; Ivanova, P.T.; Fréchet, J.M.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993, 115, 7043.
43. Newkome, G.R.; Moorefield, C.N. Polymer Prepr., 1993, 34, 75.
44. Newkome, G.R.; Moorefield, C.N.; Keith, J.M.; Baker, G.R.; Escamilla, G.H.; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1994, 33, 666.
45. Newkome, G.R.; Moorefield, C.N. Macromol. Symp., 1994, 77, 63.
46. Friberg, S.E.; Podzimek, M.; Hedstrand, D.M.; Tomalia, D.A. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1988, 164, 157.
47. Roberts, J.C.; Adams, Y.E.; Tomalia, D.; Mercer-Smith, J.A.; Lavallee, D.K. Bioconjugate Chem., 1990, 1, 305.
48. Storrier, G.D.; Takada, K.; Abruña, H.D. Langmuir, 1999, 15 872.
49. Díaz, D.J. Bernhard, S.; Storrier, G.D.; Abruña, H.D. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2001, 105, 8746.
50. Takada, K.; Storrier, G.D.; Goldsmith, J.I.; Abruña, H.D. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2001, 105, 2404.
51. Kimura, M.; Kato, M,; Muto, T.; Hanabusa, K., Shirai, H. Macromolecules, 2000, 33, 1117.
52. Watanabe, S.; Sato, M.; Sakamoto, S.; Yamaguchi, K.; Iwamura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000, 122, 12588.
53. Schmitzer, A.R.; Franceschi, S.; Perez, E.; Rico-Lattes, I. Lattes, A.; Thion, L.; Erard, M.; Vidal, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, 123, 5956.
54. Ribourdouille, Y.; Engel, G.D.; Richard-Plouet, M.; Gade, L.H. Chem. Commun., 2003, 1228.
55. Stevelmans, S.; van Hest, J.C.M.; Jansen, J.F.G.A.; van Boxtel, D.A.F.J.; de Brabander-van den Berg, E.M.M.; Meijer, E.W. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 7398.
56. Baars, M.W.P.L.; Froehling, P.E.; Meijer, E.W. Chem. Commun., 1997, 1959.
57. Cameron, J.H.; Facher, A.; Lattermann, G.; Diele, S. Adv. Mater., 1997, 9, 398.
58. Tokuhisa, H.; Crooks, R.M. Langmuir, 1997, 13, 5608.
59. Pan, Y.; Ford, W.T. Macromolecules, 1999, 32, 5468.
60. Pan, Y.; Ford, W.T. Macromolecules, 2000, 33, 3731.
61. Donners, J.J.J.M.; Heywood, B.R.; Meijer, E.W.; Nolte, R.J.M.; Roman, C.; Schenning, A.P.H.J.; Sommerdijk, N.A.J.M. Chem. Commun., 2000, 1937.
62. Tsuda, K.; Dol, G.C.; Gensch, T.; Hofkens, J.; Latterini, L.; Weener, J.W.; Meijer, E.W.; De Schryver, F.C. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000, 122, 3445.
63. Geotheer, E.L.V.; Baars, M.W.P.L.; van den Broeke, L.J.P.; Meijer, E.W.; Keurentjes, J.T.F. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2000, 39, 4634.
64. Kreider, J.L.; Ford, W.T. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem., 2001, 39, 821.
65. Tsiourvas, D.; Felekis, T.; Sideratou, Z.; Paleos, C.M. Macromolecules, 2002, 35, 6466.
66. Furumi, S.; Otomo, A.; Yokoyama, S.; Mashiko, S. Thin Solid Films, 2003, 438-439, 85.
67. Xu, Z.; Ford, W.T.J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem., 2003, 41, 597.
68. Baars, M.W.P.L.; Söntjens, S.H.M.; Fischer, H.M.; Peerlings, H.W.I.; Meijer, E.W. Chem. -Eur. J., 1998, 4, 2456.
69. Breinbauer, R.; Jacobsen, E.N. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 2000, 39, 3604.
70. Schenning, A.P.H.J.; Peeters, E.; Meijer, E.W. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000, 122, 4489.
71. Schenning, A.P.H.J.; Jonkheijm, P.; Holkens, J.; De Feyter, S.; Asavei, T.; Cotlet, M.; De Schryver, F.C.; Meijer, E.W. Chem. Commun., 2002, 1264.
72. Lee, J.W.; Ko, Y.H.; Park, S-H.; Yamaguchi, K.; Kim, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2001, 40, 746.
73. Aoi, K.; Itoh, K.; Okada, M. Macromolecules, 1995, 28, 5391.
74. Schmitzer, A.; Perez, E.; Rico-Lattes, I.; Lattes, A.; Rosca, S. Langmuir, 1999, 15, 4397.
75. Joppich, M.; Luisi, P.L. Makromol. Chem., 1979, 180, 1381.
76. Jansen, J.F.G.A.; de Brabander-van den Berg, E.M.M.; Meijer, E.W. Science, 1994, 266, 1226.
77. Archut, A.; Vögtle, F.; De Cola, L.; Azzellini, G.C.; Balzani, V.; Ramanujam, P.S.; Berg, R.H. Chem.-Eur. J., 1998, 4, 699.
78. Chechik, V.; Crooks, R.M. Langmuir, 1999, 15, 6364.
79. Sui, G.; Micic, M.; Huo, Q.; Leblanc, R.M. Langmuir, 2000, 16, 7847.
80. Wang, D.; Kopečková, P.; Minko, T.; Nanayakkara, V.; Kopeček, J. Biomacromolecules, 2000, 1, 313.
81. Baker, W.S.; Lemon, B.I.; Crooks, R.M. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2001, 105, 8885.
82. Ballester, P.; Gomila, R.M.; Hunter, C.A.; King, A.S.H.; Twyman, L.J. Chem. Commun., 2003, 38.
83. Iyer, J.; Hammond, P.T. Langmuir, 1999, 15, 1299.
84. Cha, B.J.; Kang, Y.S.; Won, J. Macromolecules, 2001, 34, 6631.
85. Tabakovic, I.; Miller, L.L.; Duan, R.G.; Tully, D.C.; Tomalia, D.A. Chem. Mater., 1997, 9, 736.
86. Grabchev, I.; Qian, X.; Bojinov, V.; Xiao, Y.; Zhang, W. Polymer, 2002, 43, 5731.
87. Grabchev, I.; Chovelon, J-M.; Qian, X. New J. Chem., 2003, 27, 337.
88. Suzuki, T.; Hirokawa, Y.; Ohtake, K.; Shibata, T.; Soai, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 1997, 8, 4033.
89. Yoon, H.C.; Hong, M-Y.; Kim, H-S. Anal. Chem., 2000, 72, 4420.
90. Sashiwa, H.; Shigemasa, Y.; Roy, R. Macromolecules, 2000, 33, 6913.
91. Alvarez, J.; Sun, L.; Crooks, R.M. Chem. Mater., 2002, 14, 3995.
92. Wang, J.; Jia, X.; Zhong, H.; Wu, H.; Li, Y.; Xu, X.; Li, M.; Wei, Y.J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem., 2000, 38, 4147.
93. Niu, Y.; Chai, M.; Rinaldi, P.L.; Tessier, C.A.; Youngs, W.J. Polym. Prepr., 1998, 39(2), 629.
94. Zhang, W.; Nowlan III, D.T.; Thomson, L.M.; Lackowski, W.M.; Simanek, E.E. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, 123, 8914.
95. Vögtle, F.; Gestermann, S.; Kauffmann, C,; Ceroni, P.; Vicinelli, V.; De Cola, L.; Balzani, V. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1999, 121, 12161.
96. Balzani, V.; Ceroni, P.; Gestermann, S.; Kauffmann, C.; Gorka, M.; Vögtle, F. Chem. Commun., 2000, 853
97. Balzani, V.; Ceroni, P.; Gestermann, S.; Gorka, M.; Kauffmann, C.; Vögtle, F. Tetrahedron, 2002, 58, 629
98. West, R.; Wang, Y.; Goodson, T. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2003, 107, 3419
99. Vögtle, F.; Gorka, M.; Hesse, R.; Ceroni, P.; Maestri, M.; Balzani, V. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2002, 1, 45.
100. Dirksen, A.; Zuidema, E.; Williams, R.M.; De Cola, L.; Kauffmann, C.; Vögtle, F.; Roque, A.; Pina, F. Macromolecules, 2002, 35, 2743.
101. Barth, R.F.; Adams, D.M.; Soloway, A.H.; Alam, F.; Darby, M.V. Bioconjugate Chem., 1994, 5, 58.
102. Shukla, S.; Wu, G.; Chatterjee, M.; Yang, W.; Sekido, M.; Diop, L.A.; Müller, R.; Sudimack, J.J.; Lee, R.J.; Barth, R.F.; Tiarks, W. Bioconjugate Chem., 2003, 14, 158.
103. Newkome, G.R.; Weis, C.D.; Moorefield, C.N.; Baker, G.R.; Childs, B.J.; Epperson, J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1998, 37, 307.
104. Stephan, H.; Spies, H.; Johannsen, B.; Klein, L.; Vögtle, F. Chem. Commun., 1999, 1875.
105. Arkas, M.; Tsiourvas, D.; Paleos, C.M. Chem. Mater., 2003, 15, 2844.
106. Chen, C.Z.; Beck-Tan, N.C.; Dhurjati, P.; van Dyk, T.K.; LaRossa, R.A.; Cooper, S.L. Biomacromolecules, 2000, 1, 473.
107. Alonso, B.; Casado, C.M.; Cuadrado, I.; Morán, M.; Kaifer, A.E. Chem. Commun., 2002, 1778.
108. Gitsov, I.; Lys, T.; Zhu C. Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2000, 82, 328.
109. Gitsov, I.; Lys, T.; Zhu, C. in Polymer Gels. Fundamentals and Applications, Bohidar, H.B.; Dubin, P.; Osada, Y. Eds., ACS Symposium Series Vol. 833, American Chemical Society: Washington DC, 2002, pp. 218-232.
110. Gitsov, I.; Zhu, C. Macromolecules, 2002, 35 8418.
111. Wiener, E.C.; Auteri, F.P.; Chen, J.W.; Brechibiel, M.W.; Gansow, O.A.; Schneider, D.S.; Belford, R.L.; Clarkson, R.B.; Lauterbur, P.C. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 7774.
112. Kieburg, C.; Lindhorst, T.K. Tetrahedron Letter, 1997, 38, 3885.
113. Pagé, D.; Roy, R. Bioconjugate Chem., 1997, 8, 714.
114. Lindhorst, T.K.; Kieburg, C.; Krallmann-Wenzel, U. Glycocojugate J., 1998, 15, 605.
115. Woller, E.K.; Cloninger, M.J. Biomacromolecules, 2001, 2, 1052.
116. Woller, E.K.; Cloninger, M.J. Org. Lett., 2002, 4, 7.
117. Woller, E.K.; Walter, E.D.; Morgan, J.R.; Singel, D.J.; Cloninger, M.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2003, 125, 8820.
118. Chen, C.Z.; Cooper, S.L. Adv. Mater., 2000, 12, 843.
119. Esfand, R.; Tomalia D.A.; Piehler, L.T.; Baker, J.R.; Reuter, J.D.; Roy, R. Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000, 220, IEC-118.
120. Lee, Y.C.; Lee, R.T. Acc. Chem. Res., 1995, 28, 321.
121. Mammen, M.; Choi, S.-K.; Whitesides, G.M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1998, 37, 2754.
122. Klein Gebbink, R.J.M.; Bosman, A.W.; Feiters, M.C.; Meijer, E.W.; Nolte, R.J.M. Chem. -Eur. J., 1999, 5, 65.
123. van Duijvenbode, R.C.; Rajanayagam, A.; Koper, G.J.M.; Baars, M.W.P.L.; de Waal, B.F.M.; Meijer, E.W. Macromolecules, 2000, 33, 46.
124. Jeong, S.W.; O'Brien, D.F. Langmuir, 2002, 18, 1073.
125. Ghosh, S.K.; Kawaguchi, S.; Jinbo, Y.; Izumi, Y.; Yamaguchi, K.; Taniguchi, T.; Nagai, K.; Koyama, K. Macromolecules, 2003, 36, 9162.
126. Sideratou, Z.; Tsiourvas, D.; Paleos, C.M. Langmuir, 2000, 16, 1766.
127. Oh, S-K.; Kim, Y-G.; Ye, H.; Crooks, R.M. Langmuir, 2003, 19, 10420.
128. Sayed-Sweet, Y.; Hedstrand, D.M.; Spindler, R.; Tomalia, D.A.J. Mater. Chem., 1997, 7, 1199.
129. Zhang, C.; O'Brien, S.; Balogh, L. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2002, 106, 10316.
130. Viers, B.D.; Bauer, B.J.; Akpalu, Y.; Gröhn, F.; Liu, D.; Kim, G. Polym. Prepr., 2000, 41(1), 728.
131. Ihre, H.; Hult, A.; Söderlind, E. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 6388.
132. Ling, F.H.; Lu, V.; Svec, F.; Fréchet, J.M.J. J. Org. Chem., 2002, 67, 1993.
133. Gitsov, I.; Ivanova, P.T.; Fréchet, J.M.J. Macromol. Rapid Commun., 1994, 15, 387.
134. Trollsås, M.; Hedrick, J.L.; Mecerreyes, D.; Dubois, P.; Jerôme, R.; Ihre, H.; Hult, A. Macromolecules, 1997, 30, 8508.
135. Trollsås, M.; Hedrick, J.L.; Mecerreyes, D.; Dubois, P.; Jerôme, R.; Ihre, H.; Hult, A. Macromolecules, 1998, 31, 2756.
136. Trollsås, M.; Hedrick, J.L. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 4644.
137. Córdova, A.; Hult, A.; Hult, K.; Ihre, H.; Iversen, T.; Malmström, E. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 13521.
138. Hecht, S.; Ihre, H.; Fréchet, J.M.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1999, 121, 9239.
139. Hecht, S.; Vladimirov, N.; Fréchet, J.M.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, 123, 18.
140. Ihre, H.; Hult, A.; Fréchet, J.M.J.; Gitsov, I. Macromolecules, 1998, 31, 4061.
141. Gillies, E.R.; Fréchet, J.M.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2002, 124, 14137.
142. Busson, P.; Örtegren, J.; Ihre, H.; Gedde, U.W.; Hult, A.; Andersson, G.; Eriksson, A.; Lindgren, M. Macromolecules, 2002, 35, 1663.
143. Busson, P.; Ihre, H.; Hult, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 9070.
144. Grayson, S.M.; Fréchet, J.M.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000, 122, 10335.
145. Miller, L.L.; Kunugi, Y.; Canavesi, A.; Rigaut, S.; Moorefield, C.N.; Newkome, G.R. Chem. Mater., 1998, 10, 1751.
146. Zhang, L.; Huo, F.; Wu, L.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, X. Macromol. Chem. Phys., 2001, 202, 1618.
147. Lellek, V.; Stibor, I. J. Mater. Chem., 2000, 10, 1061.
148. Dykes, G.M.; Brierley, L.J.; Smith, D.K.; McGrail, P.T.; Seeley, G.J. Chem. Eur. J., 2001, 7, 4730.
149. Leon, J.W.; Kawa, M.; Fréchet, J.M.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 8847.
150. Gitsov, I.; Zhu, C. Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2001, 84, 70.
151. Gitsov, I.; Zhu, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2003, 125, 11228.
152. Groenendaal, L.; Fréchet, J.M.J. J. Org. Chem., 1998, 63, 5675.
153. Miller, R.D.; Heise, A.; Diamanti, S. Polym. Prepr., 2000, 41(1), 48.
154. Gitsov I. Linear-Dendritic Block Copolymers. Synthesis and Characterization, in Advances in Dendritic Macromolecules, Newkome, G.R. Ed., Elsevier Science: Amsterdam, 2002; Vol. 5, pp. 45-87.
155. Newkome, G.R. Pure & Appl. Chem., 1998, 70, 2337.
156. Baars, M.W.P.L.; Karlsson, A.J.; Sorokin, V.; de Waal, B.F.W.; Meijer, E.W. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 2000, 39, 4262.
157. de Groot, D.; de Waal, B.F.M.; Reek, J.N.H.; Schenning, A.P.H.J.; Kamer, P.C.J.; Meijer, E.W.; van Leeuwen, P.W.N.M. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, 123, 8453.
158. Precup-Blaga, F.S.; Garcia-Martinez, J.C.; Schenning, A.P.H.J.; Meijer, E.W. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2003, 125, 12953.
159. Slany, M.; Bardaji, M.; Casanove, M.J.; Caminade, A.M.; Majoral, J.P.; Chaudret, B. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117, 9764.
160. Gitsov, I.; Wu, S.; Ivanova P.T. Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng., 1997, 77, 214.
161. Newkome, G. R.; Childs, B.J.; Rourk, M.J.: Baker, G.R.; Moorefield, C.N. Combinatorial Chem., 1998/1999, 61(4), 243.