Statins and cardiac allograft vasculopathy after heart transplantation

Seminars in Vascular Medicine

Volumn 4, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 401-406

  Kobashigawa, Jon A ^a,b,c  

^a UCLA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy; Heart transplantation; Outcomes; Statins

Indexed keywords

A 228839; CYCLOSPORIN; FLUINDOSTATIN; GAMMA INTERFERON; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN; MEVINOLIN; PRAVASTATIN; PROTEIN FARNESYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR; SIMVASTATIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT VASCULOPATHY; CLINICAL TRIAL; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG EFFECT; HEART TRANSPLANTATION; HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; HUMAN; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; IMMUNOMODULATION; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; OXIDATION; RISK FACTOR; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; T LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ANIMALS; CORONARY DISEASE; HEART TRANSPLANTATION; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; RISK FACTORS; T-LYMPHOCYTES; TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 17744375586     PISSN: 15289648     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-869597     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Johnson MR. Transplant coronary disease: non-immunologic risk factors. J Heart bung Transplant 1992;11:S124-S132
2. Valantine H. Role of lipids in allograft vascular disease: a multicenter study of intimal thickening detected by intravascular ultrasound. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995;14:S234-S237
3. Stamler JS, Vaughan DE, Rudd MA, et al. Frequency of hypercholesterolemia after cardiac transplantation. Am J Cardiol 1988;62:1268-1272
4. Superko HR, Haskell WL, Di Ricco CD. Lipoprotein and hepatic lipase activity and high-density lipoprotein subclasses after cardiac transplantation. Am J Cardiol 1990;66:1131-1134
5. Kobashigawa JA, Kasiske BL. Hyperlipidemia in solid organ transplantation. Transplantation 1997;63:331-338
6. Eich D, Thompson JA, Ko DJ, et al. Hypercholesterolemia in long-term survivors of heart transplantation: an early marker of accelerated coronary artery disease. J Heart Lung Transplant 1991;10:45-49
7. Esper E, Glagov S, Karp RB, et al. Role of hypercholesterolemia in accelerated transplant coronary vasculopathy: results of surgical therapy with partial ileal bypass in rabbits undergoing heterotopic heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1997;16:420-435
8. Kapadia SR, Nissen SE, Ziada KM, et al. Impact of lipid abnormalities in development and progression of transplant coronary disease: a serial intravascular ultrasound study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:206-213
9. Alonso DR, Starek PK, Minick CR. Studies on the pathogenesis of atheroarteriosclerosis induced in rabbit cardiac allografts by the synergy of graft rejection and hypercholesterolemia. Am J Pathol 1977;87:415-442
10. Tanaka H, Sukhova GK, Libby P. Interaction of the allogeneic state and hypercholesterolemia in arterial lesion formation in experimental cardiac allografts. Arterioscler Thromb 1994;14:734-745
11. Raisanen-Sokolowski A, Tilly-Kiesi M, Ustinov J, et al. Hyperlipidemia accelerates allograft arteriosclerosis (chronic rejection) in the rat. Arterioscler Thromb 1994;14:2032-2042
12. Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1301-1307
13. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994;344:1383-1389
14. Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA, et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigators. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1001-1009
15. Ridker PM, Rifai N, Pfeffer MA, et al. Inflammation, pravastatin, and the risk of coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) Investigators. Circulation 1998;98:839-844
16. Kobashigawa JA, Katznelson S, Laks H, et al. Effect of pravastatin on outcomes after cardiac transplantation. N Engl J Med 1995;333:621-627
17. Cutts JL, Scallen TJ, Watson J, Bankhurst AD. Role of mevalonic acid in the regulation of natural killer cell cytotoxicity. J Cell Physiol 1989;139:550-557
18. Kobashigawa J, Moriguchi J, Cogert G, et al. 10-year results of the pravastatin randomized trial in heart transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2004;23:S115
19. Wenke K, Meiser B, Thiery J, et al. Simvastatin reduces graft vessel disease and mortality after heart transplantation: a four-year randomized trial. Circulation 1997;96:1398-1402
20. Wenke K, Meiser B, Thiery J, et al. Simvastatin initiated early after heart transplantation: 8-year prospective experience. Circulation 2003;107:93-97
21. Weis M, Pehlivanli S, Meiser BM, von Scheidt W. Simvastatin treatment is associated with improvement in coronary endothelial function and decreased cytokine activation in patients after heart transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:814-818
22. Ballantyne CM, Short BC, Bourge RC, et al. Lipid treatment and survival after heart transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol 31, 1998:157
23. Keogh A, Macdonald P, Kaan A, Aboyoun C, Spratt P, Mundy J. Efficacy and safety of pravastatin vs simvastatin after cardiac transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2000;19:529-537
24. Mehra MR, Uber PA, Vivekananthan K, et al. Comparative beneficial effects of simvastatin and pravastatin on cardiac allograft rejection and survival. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:1609-1614
25. Akhlaghi F, Ashley J, Keogh A, Brown K. Cyclosporine plasm unbound fraction in heart and lung transplantation recipients. Ther Drug Monit 1999;21:8-16
26. Regazzi MB, Iacona I, Campana C, Gavazzi A, Vigano M, Perani G. Clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in heart transplant patients treated with cyclosporine A. Transplant Proc 1994;26:2644-2645
27. McPherson R, Tsoukas C, Baines MG, et al. Effects of lovastatin on natural killer cell function and other immunological parameters in man. J Clin Immunol 1993;13:439-444
28. Kwak B, Mulhaupt F, Myit S, Mach F. Statins as a newly recognized type of immunomodulator. Nat Med 2000;6:1399-1402
29. Weitz-Schmidt G, Welzenbach K, Brinkmann V, et al. Statins selectively inhibit leukocyte function antigen-1 by binding to a novel regulatory integrin site. Nat Med 2001;7:687-692
30. Palinski W, Tsimikas S. Immunomodulatory effects of statins: mechanisms and potential impact on arteriosclerosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002;13:1673-1681
31. Finkel T. Oxygen radicals and signaling. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1998;10:248-253
32. Napoli C, de Nigris F, Palinski W. Multiple role of reactive oxygen species in the arterial wall. J Cell Biochem 2001;82:674-682
33. Liao F, Andalibi A, Qiao JH, Allayee H, Fogelman AM, Lusis AJ. Genetic evidence for a common pathway mediating oxidative stress, inflammatory gene induction, and aortic fatty streak formation in mice. J Clin Invest 1994;94:877-884
34. Collins T, Cybulsky MI. NF-kappa B: pivotal mediator or innocent bystander in atherogenesis? J Clin Invest 2001;107:255-264
35. Sata M, Walsh K. Oxidized LDL activates fas-mediated endothelial cell apoptosis. J Clin Invest 1998;102:1682-1689
36. Von Harsdorf R, Li PF, Dietz R. Signaling pathways in reactive oxygen species-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Circulation 1999;99:2934-2941
37. Napoli C, Quehenberger O, de Nigris F, Abete P, Glass CK, Palinski W. Mildly oxidized low density lipoprotein activates multiple apoptotic signaling pathways in human coronary cells. FASEB J 2000;14:1996-2007
38. Jiang C, Ting AT, Seed B. PPAR-gamma agonists inhibit production of monocyte inflammatory cytokines. Nature 1998;391:82-86
39. Nagy L, Tontonoz P, Alvarez JG, Chen H, Evans RM. Oxidized LDL regulates macrophage gene expression through ligand activation of PPAR-gamma. Cell 1998;93:229-240
40. Li AC, Brown KK, Silvestre MJ, Willson TM, Palinski W, Glass CK. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands inhibit development of atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice. J Clin Invest 2000;106:523-531
41. Chawla A, Boisvert WA, Lee CH, et al. A PPAR gamma-LXR-ABCA1 pathway in macrophages is involved in cholesterol efflux and atherogenesis. Mol Cell 2001;7:161-171
42. Downward J, Graves JD, Warne PH, Rayter S, Cantrell DA. Stimulation of p21ras upon T-cell activation. Nature 1990;346:719-723
43. Casey PJ. Protein lipidation in cell signaling. Science 1995;268:221-225
44. Ignarro LJ, Cirino G, Casini A, Napoli C. Nitric oxide as a signaling molecule in the vascular system: an overview. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1999;34:879-886
45. Davis KL, Martin E, Turko IV, Murad F. Novel effects of nitric oxide. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2001;41:203-236
46. Laufs U, Liao JK. Direct vascular effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2000;10:143-148
47. Guijarro C, Blanco-Colio LM, Ortego M, et al. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and isoprenylation inhibitors induce apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells in culture. Circ Res 1998;83:490-500
48. Liu L, Moesner P, Kovach NL, et al. Integrin-dependent leukocyte adhesion involves geranylgeranylated protein(s). J Biol Chem 1999;274:33334-33340
49. Essig M, Nguyen G, Prie D, Escoubet B, Sraer JD, Friedlander G. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors increase fibrinolytic activity in rat aortic endothelial cells. Role of geranylgeranylation and Rho proteins. Circ Res 1998;83:683-690
50. Laufs U, Gertz K, Huang P, et al. Atorvastatin upregulates type III nitric oxide synthase in thrombocytes, decreases platelet activation, and protects from cerebral ischemia in normocholesterolemic mice. Stroke 2000;31:2442-2449
51. Wassmann S, Laufs U, Baumer AT, et al. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors improve endothelial dysfunction in normocholesterolemic hypertension via reduced production of reactive oxygen species. Hypertension 2001;37:1450-1457
52. Endres M, Laufs U, Huang Z, et al. Stroke protection by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitors mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998;95:8880-8885
53. Laufs U, Liao JK. Post-transcriptional regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA stability by Rho GTPase. J Biol Chem 1998;273:24266-24271
54. Wei X, Si MS, Imagawa DK, Ji P, Tromberg BJ, Cahalan MD. Perillyl alcohol inhibits TCR-mediated [Ca(2+)](i) signaling, alters cell shape and motility, and induces apoptosis in T lymphocytes. Cell Immunol 2000;201:6-13
55. Si MS, Ji P, Tromberg BJ, et al. Farnesyltransferase inhibition: a novel method of immunomodulation. Int Immunopharmacol 2003;3:475-483
56. Maggard MA, Johnson C, Wang T, et al. Inhibition of transplant vasculopathy is associated with attenuated host allo-antibody response. Transplant Proc 1999;31:728-729
57. Rose EA, Smith CR, Petrossian GA, Barr ML, Reemtsma K. Humoral immune responses after cardiac transplantation: correlation with fatal rejection and graft atherosclerosis. Surgery 1989;106:203-208
58. Michaels PJ, Espejo ML, Kobashigawa J, et al. Humoral rejection in cardiac transplantation: risk factors, hemodynamic consequences and relationship to transplant coronary artery disease. J Heart Lung Transplant 2003;22:58-69
59. Maggard MA, Ke B, Wang T, et al. Effects of pravastatin on chronic rejection of rat cardiac allografts. Transplantation 1998;65:149-155