Four-coordinate titanium alkylidene complexes: Synthesis, reactivity, and kinetic studies involving the terminal neopentylidene functionality

Organometallics

Volumn 24, Issue 8, 2005, Pages 1886-1906

  Basuli, Falguni ^a   Bailey, Brad C ^a   Watson, Lori A ^a   Tomaszewski, John ^a   Huffman, John C ^a   Mindiola, Daniel J ^a  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALKYL GROUPS; IMIDO COMPLEXES; METATHESIS; NEOPENTYLIDENE COMPLEXES;

AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; COMPLEXATION; ELECTRON TRANSITIONS; HYDROGEN BONDS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDATION; PYROLYSIS; REACTION KINETICS; SYNTHESIS (CHEMICAL); TITANIUM COMPOUNDS;

ORGANOMETALLICS;

EID: 17244378161     PISSN: 02767333     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/om049400b     Document Type: Article

References (166)

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22. 2" functionality used in organic synthesis see: (a) Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2386-2387. (b) Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2316-2323. (c) Philipo, C. M. G.; Vo, N. H.; Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2762-2764. (d) Kang, H.-J.; Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 3252-3253. (e) Barrett, A. G. M.; Bezuidenhoudt, B. C. B.; Gasiecki, A. F.; Howell, A. R.; Russell, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 1392-1396. (f) Curtis, N. R.; Holmes, A. B.; Looney, M. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 671-674. (g) Petasis, N. A.; Bzowej, E. I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6392-6394, (h) DeShong, P.; Rybczynski, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 3207-3210. (i) Petasis, N. A.; Bzowej, E. I. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 1327-1330. (j) Petasis, N. A.; Akritopoulou, I. Synlett 1992, 665-667. (k) Kauffmann, T.; Ennen, B.; Sander, J.; Wieschollek, R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1983, 22, 244-245. (l) Wilcox, C. S.; Long, G. W.; Suh, H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 395-398. (m) Schrock, R. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 5399-5400. (n) Crabtree, R. H. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals; Wiley: New York, 2001. (o) Hegedus, L. S. Transition Metals in the Synthesis of Complex Organic Molecules; University Science Books: Mill Valley, CA, 1994.
23. 2" functionality used in organic synthesis see: (a) Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2386-2387. (b) Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2316-2323. (c) Philipo, C. M. G.; Vo, N. H.; Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2762-2764. (d) Kang, H.-J.; Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 3252-3253. (e) Barrett, A. G. M.; Bezuidenhoudt, B. C. B.; Gasiecki, A. F.; Howell, A. R.; Russell, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 1392-1396. (f) Curtis, N. R.; Holmes, A. B.; Looney, M. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 671-674. (g) Petasis, N. A.; Bzowej, E. I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6392-6394, (h) DeShong, P.; Rybczynski, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 3207-3210. (i) Petasis, N. A.; Bzowej, E. I. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 1327-1330. (j) Petasis, N. A.; Akritopoulou, I. Synlett 1992, 665-667. (k) Kauffmann, T.; Ennen, B.; Sander, J.; Wieschollek, R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1983, 22, 244-245. (l) Wilcox, C. S.; Long, G. W.; Suh, H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 395-398. (m) Schrock, R. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 5399-5400. (n) Crabtree, R. H. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals; Wiley: New York, 2001. (o) Hegedus, L. S. Transition Metals in the Synthesis of Complex Organic Molecules; University Science Books: Mill Valley, CA, 1994.
24. 2" functionality used in organic synthesis see: (a) Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2386-2387. (b) Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2316-2323. (c) Philipo, C. M. G.; Vo, N. H.; Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2762-2764. (d) Kang, H.-J.; Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 3252-3253. (e) Barrett, A. G. M.; Bezuidenhoudt, B. C. B.; Gasiecki, A. F.; Howell, A. R.; Russell, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 1392-1396. (f) Curtis, N. R.; Holmes, A. B.; Looney, M. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 671-674. (g) Petasis, N. A.; Bzowej, E. I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6392-6394, (h) DeShong, P.; Rybczynski, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 3207-3210. (i) Petasis, N. A.; Bzowej, E. I. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 1327-1330. (j) Petasis, N. A.; Akritopoulou, I. Synlett 1992, 665-667. (k) Kauffmann, T.; Ennen, B.; Sander, J.; Wieschollek, R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1983, 22, 244-245. (l) Wilcox, C. S.; Long, G. W.; Suh, H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 395-398. (m) Schrock, R. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 5399-5400. (n) Crabtree, R. H. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals; Wiley: New York, 2001. (o) Hegedus, L. S. Transition Metals in the Synthesis of Complex Organic Molecules; University Science Books: Mill Valley, CA, 1994.
25. 2" functionality used in organic synthesis see: (a) Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2386-2387. (b) Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2316-2323. (c) Philipo, C. M. G.; Vo, N. H.; Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2762-2764. (d) Kang, H.-J.; Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 3252-3253. (e) Barrett, A. G. M.; Bezuidenhoudt, B. C. B.; Gasiecki, A. F.; Howell, A. R.; Russell, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 1392-1396. (f) Curtis, N. R.; Holmes, A. B.; Looney, M. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 671-674. (g) Petasis, N. A.; Bzowej, E. I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6392-6394, (h) DeShong, P.; Rybczynski, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 3207-3210. (i) Petasis, N. A.; Bzowej, E. I. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 1327-1330. (j) Petasis, N. A.; Akritopoulou, I. Synlett 1992, 665-667. (k) Kauffmann, T.; Ennen, B.; Sander, J.; Wieschollek, R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1983, 22, 244-245. (l) Wilcox, C. S.; Long, G. W.; Suh, H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 395-398. (m) Schrock, R. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 5399-5400. (n) Crabtree, R. H. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals; Wiley: New York, 2001. (o) Hegedus, L. S. Transition Metals in the Synthesis of Complex Organic Molecules; University Science Books: Mill Valley, CA, 1994.
26. 2" functionality used in organic synthesis see: (a) Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2386-2387. (b) Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2316-2323. (c) Philipo, C. M. G.; Vo, N. H.; Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2762-2764. (d) Kang, H.-J.; Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 3252-3253. (e) Barrett, A. G. M.; Bezuidenhoudt, B. C. B.; Gasiecki, A. F.; Howell, A. R.; Russell, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 1392-1396. (f) Curtis, N. R.; Holmes, A. B.; Looney, M. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 671-674. (g) Petasis, N. A.; Bzowej, E. I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6392-6394, (h) DeShong, P.; Rybczynski, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 3207-3210. (i) Petasis, N. A.; Bzowej, E. I. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 1327-1330. (j) Petasis, N. A.; Akritopoulou, I. Synlett 1992, 665-667. (k) Kauffmann, T.; Ennen, B.; Sander, J.; Wieschollek, R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1983, 22, 244-245. (l) Wilcox, C. S.; Long, G. W.; Suh, H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 395-398. (m) Schrock, R. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 5399-5400. (n) Crabtree, R. H. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals; Wiley: New York, 2001. (o) Hegedus, L. S. Transition Metals in the Synthesis of Complex Organic Molecules; University Science Books: Mill Valley, CA, 1994.
27. 2" functionality used in organic synthesis see: (a) Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2386-2387. (b) Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2316-2323. (c) Philipo, C. M. G.; Vo, N. H.; Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2762-2764. (d) Kang, H.-J.; Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 3252-3253. (e) Barrett, A. G. M.; Bezuidenhoudt, B. C. B.; Gasiecki, A. F.; Howell, A. R.; Russell, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 1392-1396. (f) Curtis, N. R.; Holmes, A. B.; Looney, M. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 671-674. (g) Petasis, N. A.; Bzowej, E. I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6392-6394, (h) DeShong, P.; Rybczynski, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 3207-3210. (i) Petasis, N. A.; Bzowej, E. I. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 1327-1330. (j) Petasis, N. A.; Akritopoulou, I. Synlett 1992, 665-667. (k) Kauffmann, T.; Ennen, B.; Sander, J.; Wieschollek, R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1983, 22, 244-245. (l) Wilcox, C. S.; Long, G. W.; Suh, H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 395-398. (m) Schrock, R. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 5399-5400. (n) Crabtree, R. H. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals; Wiley: New York, 2001. (o) Hegedus, L. S. Transition Metals in the Synthesis of Complex Organic Molecules; University Science Books: Mill Valley, CA, 1994.
28. 2" functionality used in organic synthesis see: (a) Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2386-2387. (b) Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2316-2323. (c) Philipo, C. M. G.; Vo, N. H.; Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2762-2764. (d) Kang, H.-J.; Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 3252-3253. (e) Barrett, A. G. M.; Bezuidenhoudt, B. C. B.; Gasiecki, A. F.; Howell, A. R.; Russell, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 1392-1396. (f) Curtis, N. R.; Holmes, A. B.; Looney, M. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 671-674. (g) Petasis, N. A.; Bzowej, E. I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6392-6394, (h) DeShong, P.; Rybczynski, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 3207-3210. (i) Petasis, N. A.; Bzowej, E. I. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 1327-1330. (j) Petasis, N. A.; Akritopoulou, I. Synlett 1992, 665-667. (k) Kauffmann, T.; Ennen, B.; Sander, J.; Wieschollek, R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1983, 22, 244-245. (l) Wilcox, C. S.; Long, G. W.; Suh, H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 395-398. (m) Schrock, R. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 5399-5400. (n) Crabtree, R. H. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals; Wiley: New York, 2001. (o) Hegedus, L. S. Transition Metals in the Synthesis of Complex Organic Molecules; University Science Books: Mill Valley, CA, 1994.
29. 2" functionality used in organic synthesis see: (a) Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2386-2387. (b) Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2316-2323. (c) Philipo, C. M. G.; Vo, N. H.; Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2762-2764. (d) Kang, H.-J.; Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 3252-3253. (e) Barrett, A. G. M.; Bezuidenhoudt, B. C. B.; Gasiecki, A. F.; Howell, A. R.; Russell, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 1392-1396. (f) Curtis, N. R.; Holmes, A. B.; Looney, M. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 671-674. (g) Petasis, N. A.; Bzowej, E. I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6392-6394, (h) DeShong, P.; Rybczynski, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 3207-3210. (i) Petasis, N. A.; Bzowej, E. I. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 1327-1330. (j) Petasis, N. A.; Akritopoulou, I. Synlett 1992, 665-667. (k) Kauffmann, T.; Ennen, B.; Sander, J.; Wieschollek, R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1983, 22, 244-245. (l) Wilcox, C. S.; Long, G. W.; Suh, H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 395-398. (m) Schrock, R. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 5399-5400. (n) Crabtree, R. H. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals; Wiley: New York, 2001. (o) Hegedus, L. S. Transition Metals in the Synthesis of Complex Organic Molecules; University Science Books: Mill Valley, CA, 1994.
30. 2" functionality used in organic synthesis see: (a) Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2386-2387. (b) Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2316-2323. (c) Philipo, C. M. G.; Vo, N. H.; Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2762-2764. (d) Kang, H.-J.; Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 3252-3253. (e) Barrett, A. G. M.; Bezuidenhoudt, B. C. B.; Gasiecki, A. F.; Howell, A. R.; Russell, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 1392-1396. (f) Curtis, N. R.; Holmes, A. B.; Looney, M. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 671-674. (g) Petasis, N. A.; Bzowej, E. I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6392-6394, (h) DeShong, P.; Rybczynski, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 3207-3210. (i) Petasis, N. A.; Bzowej, E. I. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 1327-1330. (j) Petasis, N. A.; Akritopoulou, I. Synlett 1992, 665-667. (k) Kauffmann, T.; Ennen, B.; Sander, J.; Wieschollek, R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1983, 22, 244-245. (l) Wilcox, C. S.; Long, G. W.; Suh, H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 395-398. (m) Schrock, R. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 5399-5400. (n) Crabtree, R. H. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals; Wiley: New York, 2001. (o) Hegedus, L. S. Transition Metals in the Synthesis of Complex Organic Molecules; University Science Books: Mill Valley, CA, 1994.
31. 2" functionality used in organic synthesis see: (a) Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2386-2387. (b) Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2316-2323. (c) Philipo, C. M. G.; Vo, N. H.; Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2762-2764. (d) Kang, H.-J.; Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 3252-3253. (e) Barrett, A. G. M.; Bezuidenhoudt, B. C. B.; Gasiecki, A. F.; Howell, A. R.; Russell, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 1392-1396. (f) Curtis, N. R.; Holmes, A. B.; Looney, M. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 671-674. (g) Petasis, N. A.; Bzowej, E. I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6392-6394, (h) DeShong, P.; Rybczynski, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 3207-3210. (i) Petasis, N. A.; Bzowej, E. I. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 1327-1330. (j) Petasis, N. A.; Akritopoulou, I. Synlett 1992, 665-667. (k) Kauffmann, T.; Ennen, B.; Sander, J.; Wieschollek, R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1983, 22, 244-245. (l) Wilcox, C. S.; Long, G. W.; Suh, H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 395-398. (m) Schrock, R. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 5399-5400. (n) Crabtree, R. H. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals; Wiley: New York, 2001. (o) Hegedus, L. S. Transition Metals in the Synthesis of Complex Organic Molecules; University Science Books: Mill Valley, CA, 1994.
32. 2" functionality used in organic synthesis see: (a) Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2386-2387. (b) Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2316-2323. (c) Philipo, C. M. G.; Vo, N. H.; Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2762-2764. (d) Kang, H.-J.; Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 3252-3253. (e) Barrett, A. G. M.; Bezuidenhoudt, B. C. B.; Gasiecki, A. F.; Howell, A. R.; Russell, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 1392-1396. (f) Curtis, N. R.; Holmes, A. B.; Looney, M. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 671-674. (g) Petasis, N. A.; Bzowej, E. I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6392-6394, (h) DeShong, P.; Rybczynski, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 3207-3210. (i) Petasis, N. A.; Bzowej, E. I. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 1327-1330. (j) Petasis, N. A.; Akritopoulou, I. Synlett 1992, 665-667. (k) Kauffmann, T.; Ennen, B.; Sander, J.; Wieschollek, R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1983, 22, 244-245. (l) Wilcox, C. S.; Long, G. W.; Suh, H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 395-398. (m) Schrock, R. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 5399-5400. (n) Crabtree, R. H. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals; Wiley: New York, 2001. (o) Hegedus, L. S. Transition Metals in the Synthesis of Complex Organic Molecules; University Science Books: Mill Valley, CA, 1994.
33. 2" functionality used in organic synthesis see: (a) Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2386-2387. (b) Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 2316-2323. (c) Philipo, C. M. G.; Vo, N. H.; Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2762-2764. (d) Kang, H.-J.; Paquette, L. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 3252-3253. (e) Barrett, A. G. M.; Bezuidenhoudt, B. C. B.; Gasiecki, A. F.; Howell, A. R.; Russell, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 1392-1396. (f) Curtis, N. R.; Holmes, A. B.; Looney, M. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 671-674. (g) Petasis, N. A.; Bzowej, E. I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6392-6394, (h) DeShong, P.; Rybczynski, P. J. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 3207-3210. (i) Petasis, N. A.; Bzowej, E. I. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 1327-1330. (j) Petasis, N. A.; Akritopoulou, I. Synlett 1992, 665-667. (k) Kauffmann, T.; Ennen, B.; Sander, J.; Wieschollek, R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1983, 22, 244-245. (l) Wilcox, C. S.; Long, G. W.; Suh, H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 395-398. (m) Schrock, R. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 5399-5400. (n) Crabtree, R. H. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals; Wiley: New York, 2001. (o) Hegedus, L. S. Transition Metals in the Synthesis of Complex Organic Molecules; University Science Books: Mill Valley, CA, 1994.
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166. There is no consensus in the crystallographic community about the propriety of using SQUEEZE in the process of solving and refining structures intended for publication. It is our own opinion that refinements based on SQUEEZE data are rarely, if ever, appropriate for publication, as the SQUEEZE procedure utilizes parameters derived only from the experimental observations to produce a modified version of the same observations. At best, this transformation introduces no new information. In our view it is superior to provide an entirely explicit model of the electron density, even if that model cannot be interpreted exclusively in terms of discrete chemical moieties. We do not see any value to the scientific community in disguising our results so that they superficially appear more attractive.