Structural and chemical heterogeneity of layer silicates and clay minerals

Clay Minerals

Volumn 38, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 403-432

  Drits, V A ^a  

^a GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

Clay minerals; Heterogeneity; Illite; Illite smectite; Layer silicates; Mica; Mixed layers

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER SIMULATION; CRYSTALS; INFRARED RADIATION; SILICATES; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; STACKING FAULTS; THERMAL EFFECTS; X RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS;

ILLITE CRYSTALS;

CLAY MINERALS;

CLAY MINERAL; CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; ILLITE; MICA; SILICATE; SMECTITE;

EID: 1642579515     PISSN: 00098558     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1180/0009855033840106     Document Type: Article

References (156)

1. Altaner S.P. & Ylagan R.F. (1997) Comparison of structural models of mixed-layer illite-smectite and reaction mechanisms of smectite illitization. Clays and Clay Minerals, 45, 517-533.
2. Arkai P., Merriman R.J., Roberts B., Peacor D.R. & Toth M. (1996) Crystallinity, crystallite size and lattice strain of illite-muscovite and chlorite: comparison of XRD and TEM data for diagenetic to epizonal pelites. European Journal of Mineralogy, 8, 1119-1138.
3. Bailey S.W. (1984) Crystal chemistry of the true mica. Pp. 13-66 in: Micas (S.W. Bailey, editor). Reviews in Mineralogy 13. Mineralogical Society of America. Washington, D.C.
4. Bailey S.W., Banfield J.F., Barker W.W. & Katchen G. (1995) Dozyite, a 1:1 regular interstratification of serpentine and chlorite. American Mineralogist, 80, 65-77.
5. Banfield J.F. & Murakami T. (1998) Atomic-resolution transmission microscope evidence for the mechanism by which chlorite weathers to 1:1 semi-regular chlorite-vermiculite. American Mineralogist, 83, 348-357.
6. Beaufort D., Baronnet A., Lanson B. & Meunier A. (1997) Corrensite: A single phase or a mixed-layer phyllosilicate in the saponite-to-chlorite conversion series? A case study of Sancerre-Cony deep drill hole. American Mineralogist, 82, 109-124.
7. Besson G. & Drits V.A. (1997a) Refined relationships between chemical composition of dioctahedral fine-dispersed mica minerals and their infrared spectra in the OH-stretching region. Part 1. Identification of the stretching bands. Clays and Clay Minerals, 45, 158-169.
8. Besson G. & Drits V.A. (1997b) Refined relationships between chemical composition of dioctahedral fine-dispersed mica minerals and their infrared spectra in the OH-stretching region. Part 2. The main factors affecting OH-vibrations and quantitative analysis. Clays and Clay Minerals, 45, 170-183.
9. Besson G., Bookin A.S., Dainyak L.G., Rautureau M., Tsipursky S.I., Tchoubar C. & Drits V.A. (1983a) Use of diffraction and Mössbauer methods for the structural and crsytallochemical characterization of nontronites. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 16, 374-383.
10. Besson G., Cleaser R. & Tchoubar C. (1983b) Le cesium revelateur de structure des smectites. Clay Minerals, 18, 11-19.
11. Bish D.L. & Chipera S.J. (1998) Variation of kaolinite defect structure with particle size. Abstracts, Annual Meeting of the Clay Minerals Society, Cleveland, USA.
12. Bookin A.S., Drits V.A., Plançon A. & Tchoubar C. (1989) Stacking faults in kaolin minerals in the light of real structural features. Clays and Clay Minerals, 37, 297-307.
13. Brindley G.W. & Méring J. (1951) X-ray diffraction by disordered layer structure. Acta Crystallographica, 4, 441-447.
14. Chukhrov F.V., Gorshkov A.I., Vitovskaya I.V., Drits V.A. & Sivtsov A.V. (1982) On the nature of Co-Ni asbolane. Pp. 230-239 in: Ore Genesis - the State of the Art (G.G. Amstutz, A.F. Coresy, G. Franzel & R.A. Zimmermann, editors). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
15. Chukhrov F.V., Gorshkov A.I. & Drits V.A. (1989) Hypergenic Manganese Oxides. Nauka, Moscow, 298 pp.
16. Cuadros J. (2002) Structural insights from the study of Cs-exchanged smectites submitted to wetting-and-drying cycles. Clay Minerals, 37, 473-486.
17. Cuadros J. & Altaner S.P. (1998a) Characterization of mixed-layer illite-smectite from bentonites using microscopic, chemical and X-ray methods: constrains on the smectite-to-illite transformation mechanism. American Mineralogist, 83, 762-774.
18. Cuadros J. & Altaner S.P. (1998b) Compositional and structural features of the octahedral sheet in mixed-layer illite-smectite from bentonites. European Journal of Mineralogy, 10, 111-124.
19. 27AI MAS NMR and reverse Monte Carlo simulations. American Journal of Science, 299, 293-308.
20. Dainyak L.G. & Drits V.A. (1987) Interpretation of Mössbauer spectra of nontronite, celadonite, and glauconite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 35, 363-372.
21. 3+-containing 2:1 layer silicates. I. Computation of electric field gradients on the basis Of Structural modeling. Kristallografia, 29, 94-100 (in Russian).
22. 3+-containing 2:1 layer silicates. II. Nontronite. Kristallografia, 29, 304-311 (in Russian).
23. 3+-containing 2:1 layer silicates. III. Celadonite. Kristallografia, 29, 312-321 (in Russian).
24. Dainyak L.G., Drits V.A. & Heifits L.M. (1992) Computer simulation of cation distribution in dioctahedral 2:1 layer silicates using IR-data: Application to Mössbauer spectroscopy of a glauconite sample. Clays and Clay Minerals, 40, 470-479.
25. 57Fe Mössbauer effect study on glauconites from different locations in Belgium and northern France. Clay Minerals, 20, 176-179.
26. Drits V.A. (1985) Some aspects of the study of the real structures of clay minerals. Proceedings of the 5th Meeting of the European Clay Groups, Prague 1983 (J. Konta, editor) pp. 33-42.
27. Drits V.A. (1987a) Electron Diffraction and High Resolution Electron - Microscopy of Mineral Structures. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 304 pp.
28. Drits V.A. (1987b) Mixed layer minerals: diffraction methods and structural features. Proceedings of the International Clay Conference, Denver, July 1985. (L.G. Schutz, H. van Olphen & F.A. Mumpton, editors). The Clay Minerals Society, Bloomington, Indiana, pp. 33-45.
29. Drits V.A. (1997) Mixed-layer minerals, Pp. 153-190 in: Modular Aspects of Minerals (S. Merlino, editor). EMU Notes in Mineralogy 1. Eötvös University Press, Budapest.
30. Drits V.A. & Bookin A.S. (2001) Crystal structure and X-ray identification of Layered Double Hydroxides. Pp. 20-75 in: Layered Double Hydroxide: Present and Future (V. Rives editor). Novo Science Publishers, New York.
31. Drits V.A. & McCarty D. (1996) A simple technique for a semi-quantitave determination of the trans-vacant and cis-vacant 2:1 layer contents in illites and illite-smectites. American Mineralogist, 81, 852-863.
32. Drits V.A. & Plançon A. (1994) Expert system for structural characterization of phyllosilicates: II. Application to mixed-layer minerals. Clay Minerals, 29, 39-45.
33. Drits V.A. & Sakharov B.A. (1976) X-ray Structural Analysis of Mixed-Layer Minerals. Nauka, Moscow, 256 pp. (in Russian).
34. Drits V.A. & Tchoubar C. (1990) X-ray Diffraction of Disordered Lamellar Structures. Theory and Application to Microdivided Silicates and Carbons. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 242 pp.
35. Drits V.A., Plançon A., Sakharov B.A., Besson G., Tsipursky S.I. & Tchoubar C. (1984) Diffraction effects calculated for structural models of K-saturated montmorillonite containing different types of defects. Clay Minerals, 19, 541-562.
36. Drits V.A., Weber F., Salyn A. & Tsipursky S. (1993) X-ray identification of 1M illite varieties. Clays and Clay Minerals, 28, 185-207.
37. Drits V.A., Varaxina T.V., Sakharov B.A. & Plançon A. (1994) A simple technique for identification of one-dimensional powder X-ray diffraction patterns for mixed-layer illite-smectites and other interstratified minerals. Clays and Clay Minerals, 42, 382-390.
38. Drits V.A., Besson G. & Muller F. (1995) Structural mechanism of dehydroxylation of cis-vacant 2:1 layer silicates. Clays and Clay Minerals, 43, 718-731.
39. Drits V.A., Salyn A.L. & Šuchá V. (1996) Dynamic and mechanism in the structural transformation of illite-smectites from Dolna Ves hydrothermal deposits. Clays and Clay Minerals, 44, 181-190.
40. Drits V.A., Sakharov B.A., Lindgreen H. & Salyn A. (1997a) Sequential structural transformation of illite-smectite-vermiculite during diagenesis of Upper Jurassic shales from North Sea and Denmark. Clay Minerals, 32, 351-372.
41. Drits V.A., Lindgreen H. & Salyn A. (1997b) Determination by X-ray diffraction of content and distribution of fixed ammonium in illite/smectite. Application to North Sea illite-smectites. American Mineralogist, 82, 79-87.
42. Drits V.A., Dainyak L.G., Muller F., Besson G. & Manceau A. ( 1997c) Isomorphous cation distribution in celadonites, glauconites and Fe-illites determined by Infrared, Mössbauer and EXAFS spectroscopy. Clay Minerals, 32, 153-180.
43. Drits V.A., Środoń J. & Eberl D.D. (1997d) XRD measurement of mean illite crystallite thickness: Reappraisal of the Kübler index and the Scherrer equation. Clays and Clay Minerals, 45, 461-475.
44. Drits V.A., Eberl D.D. & Środoń J. (1999a) XRD measurement of mean thickness, thickness distribution and strain for illite and illite-smectite crystallites by the Bertaut-Warren-Averbach technique. Clays and Clay Minerals, 46, 38-50.
45. Drits V.A., Lindgreen H., Salyn A.L., Ylagan R. & McCarty D.K. ( 1998b) Semiquantitative determination of trans-vacant and cis-vacant 2:1 layers in illites and illite-smectites by thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. American Mineralogist, 83, 31-73.
46. Drits V.A., Lanson B., Gorshkov A.I. & Manceau A. (1998c) Sub- and super-structure of four-layer Ca-exchanged birnessite. American Mineralogist, 83, 97-118.
47. Drits V.A., Ivanovskaya T.A., Sakharov B.A., Gor'kova N.V., Karpova G.V. & Pokrovskaya E.V. (2001) Pseudomorphous substitution of globular glauconite by mixed-layer chlorite-berthierine. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 4, 390-407 (in Russian).
48. Drits V.A., Sakharov B.A., Dainyak L.G., Salyn A.L. & Lindgreen H. (2002a) Structural and chemical heterogeneity of illite-smectites from Upper Jurassic mudstones of East Greenland related to volcanic and weathered parent rocks. American Mineralogist, 87, 1590-1607.
49. Drits V.A., Lindgreen H., Sakharov B.A., Jakobsen H.J., Salyn A.L. & Dainyak L.G. (2002b) Tobelitization of smectite during oil generation in oil-source shales. Application to North Sea illite-tobelite-smectite-vermiculite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 50, 82-98.
50. Dudek T., Środoń J., Eberl D.D., Elsass F. & Uhlik P. (2002) Thickness distribution of illite crystals in shales. I: X-ray diffraction vs High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy measurements. Clays and Clay Minerals, 50, 562-577.
51. Eberl D.D., Drits V.A., Środoń J. & Nuesch R. (1996) MudMaster: A program for calculating crystalline size distribution and strain from the shape of X-ray diffraction peaks. N.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report, 96-171.
52. Eberl D.D., Drits V.A. & Środoń J. (1998a) Deducing growth mechanisms for minerals from the shapes of crystal size distributions. American Journal of Science, 298, 499-533.
53. Eberl D.D., Nuesch R., Šuchá V. & Tsipursky S. (1998b) Measurement of fundamental illite particle thicknesses by X-ray diffraction using PVP-10 intercalation. Clays and Clay Minerals, 46, 89-97.
54. Eberl D.D., Kile D.E. & Drits V.A. (2002) On geological interpretations of crystal size distributions: Constant vs. proportionate growth. American Mineralogist, 87, 1235-1241.
55. Elsass F., Beaumont A., Pernes M., Jaunet A.-M. & Tessier D. (1998) Changes in layer organization of Na and Ca-exchanged smectite materials during solvent exchanges for embedment in resin. The Canadian Mineralogist, 36, 1475-1483.
56. Ey F. (1984) Un exemple de gisement d'uranium sous discordance: les mineralisations proterozoiques de Cluff Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada. Thèse doctoral, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg 1, France.
57. Fialips C.-I., Huo D., Van L., Wu J. & Stucki J.W. (2002a) Infrared study of reduced and reduced-reoxidized ferrugious smeclite. American Mineralogist, 87, 455-469.
58. Fialips C.-I., Huo D., Yan L., Wu J. & Stucki J.W. (2002b) Effect of Fe oxidation state on the IR spectra of Garfield nontronite. American Mineralogist, 87, 630-641.
59. Guinier A. (1964) Theorie et technique de la radio-crystallographie. Pp. 490-636 in: Diffraction par les Reseaux Crystallins Imparfaits. Dunod, Paris.
60. Guthrie G.D. & Veblen D.R. (1989) High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of mixed-layer illite-smectite: computer simulations. Clays and Clay Minerals, 37, 1 -11.
61. Halter G. (1988) Zonalite des alterations dans l'environement des gisements d'uranium associéa à la discordance du Proterozoique moyen (Saskatchewan, Canada). Thèse doctoral, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg I, France.
62. Heller-Kallai L. & Rozenson I. (1981) The use of Mössbauer spectroscopy of iron in clay mineralogy. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 7, 223-238.
63. Herrero C.P. & Sanz J. (1991) Short-range order of the Si, Al distribution in layer silicates. Journal of Physical Chemistry Solids, 52, 1129-1135.
64. 29Si MAS NMR spectroscopy of micatype silicates: observed and predicted distribution of tetrahedral Al-Si. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 15, 84-90.
65. Horton D. (1983) Argillitic alleration associated with the amethyst vein system, Creede Mining District, Colorado. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaigne, Illinois, USA.
66. Ivanovskaya T.A., Sakharov B.A., Gor'kova N.V., Karpova G.V., Pokrovskaya E.V. & Drits V.A. (1999) Berthierine in catagenetically altered vendian-cambrian deposits of Podolia, Dniester region. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 2, 198-212 (in Russian).
67. James R.W. (1965) The Optical Principles of the Diffraction of X-rays. Cornell University Press, USA 664 pp.
68. Kakinoki J. & Komura Y. (1952) Intensity of X-ray diffraction by one dimensionally disordered crystal. I. General derivation in the case of the 'Reichweite' S = 0 and 1. Journal ofthe Physics Society of Japan, 7, 30-35.
69. Kakinoki J. & Komura Y. (1954) Intensity of X-ray diffraction by one dimensionally disordered crystal. II. General derivation in the case of the correlation range S > 2. Journal ofthe Physics Society of Japan, 9, 169-176.
70. Kogure T. & Banfield J.F. (1998) Direct identification of the six polytypes characterized by semi-random stacking. American Mineralogist, 83, 925-930.
71. Kogure T. & Banfield J.F. (2000) New insights into the mechanism for chloritization of biolite using polytype analysis. American Mineralogist, 85, 1202-1208.
72. Kogure T. & Nespolo M. (1999a) A TEM study of long-period mica polytypes: determination of the stacking sequence of oxybiotite by means of atomic-resolution images and Periodic Intensity Distribution. Acta Crystallographica, B55, 507-516.
73. Kogure T. & Nespolo M. (1999b) First occurrence of a stacking sequence including (± 60°, 180°) rotations in Mg-rich annite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 47, 784-792.
74. Kogure T. & Nespolo M. (2001) Atomic structures of planar defects in oxybiotitc. American Mineralogist, 86, 336-340.
75. Kogure T., Hybler J. & Durovic̀ S. (2001) A HRTEM study of cronstedfite: Determination of polytypes and layer polarity in trioctahedral 1:1 phyllosilicates. Clays and Clay Minerals, 49, 310-317.
76. Kogure T., Hybler J. & Yoshida H. (2002) Coexistence of two polytypic groups in cronstedtite from Lostwithiel, England. Clays and Clay Minerals, 50, 504-513.
77. 3 species: Implications for atomic structures of mineral surfaces and dissolution mechanisms of feldspars. American Mineralogist, 81, 789-799.
78. Lanson B., Beaufort D., Berger G., Baradat J. & Lacharpaque J.-C. ( 1996) Late-stage diagenesis of clay minerals in porous rocks: Lower Permian Rotliegendes reservoir off-shore of the Netherlands. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 66, 501-518.
79. Lanson B., Drits V.A., Silvester E. & Manceau A. (2000) Structure of H-exchanged hexagonal birnessite and its mechanism of formation from Na-rich monoclinic buscrite at low pH. American Mineralogist, 85, 826-838.
80. Lanson B., Drits V.A., Gaillot A-C., Silvester E., Plançon A. & Manceau A. (2002) Structure of heavy metal sorbed birnessite: Part 1. Results from X-ray diffraction. American Mineralogist, 87, 1631-1645.
81. Si MAS NMR Studies of illite and illite-smectite from shale. American Mineralogist, 84, 1433-1438.
82. Lear P.R. & Stucki J.W. (1990) Magnetic properties and site occupancy of iron in nontronites. Clay Minerals, 25, 3-14.
83. Lindgreen H. & Surlyk F. (2000) Upper Permian-Lower Cretaceous clay mineralogy of East Greenland: provenance, palaeoclimate and volcanicity. Clay Minerals, 35, 791-806.
84. Lindgreen H., Drits V.A., Sakharov B.A., Salyn A.L., Wrang P. & Dainyak L.G. (2000) Illite-smectite structural changes during metamorphism in black Cambrian Alum shales from the Baltic area. American Mineralogist, 85, 1223-1238.
85. Lindgreen H., Drits V.A., Sakharov B.A., Jakobsen H., Salyn A.L., Dainyak L.G. & Kroyer H. (2002) The structure and diagenetic transformation of illite-smectite and chlorite-smectite from North Sea Cretaceous-Tertiary chalk. American Mineralogist, 87, 429-450.
86. Ma C. & Eggleton R.A. (1999) Surface layer types of kaolinite: a High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope study. Clays and Clay Minerals, 47, 181-191.
87. Makovicky E. & Hyde B.G. (1992) Incommensurate two-layer structures with complex crystal chemistry. Pp. 1-100 in: Incommensurate Misfit Sandwiched Layered Compounds. Materials Science Forum. Transactions Technical Publications. Zürich.
88. Madejová J., Komadel P. & Ččel B. (1994) Infrared study of octahedral populations in smectites. Clay Minerals, 29, 319-326.
89. Manceau A., Bounin D., Kaiser P. & Fretigny C. (1988) Polarized EXAFS of biotite and chlorite. Physics and Chemistry Minerals, 16, 180-185.
90. Manceau A., Gorshkov A.I. & Drits V.A. (1992) Structural chemistry of Mn, Fe, Co and Ni in manganese hydrous oxides Part II. Information from EXAFS spectroscopy and electron and X-ray diffraction. American Mineralogist, 77, 1144-1157.
91. Manceau A., Chaleigner D. & Gates W.P. ( 1998) Polarized EXAFS, distance-valence least-square modeling and quantitative texture analysis approaches to the structural refinement of Garfield nontronite. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 25, 347-365.
92. Manceau A., Schlegel M., Chateigner D., Lanson B., Bartoli C. & Gates W.P. (1999) Application of Polarized EXAFS to Fine-Grained Layered Minerals. Pp. 69-114 in: Synchrotron X-ray Methods in Clay Science (D. Schulze, P. Bertsch and J. Stucki, editors). CMS Workshop lecture notes, 9. Clay Minerals Society, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
93. Manceau A., Lanson B., Drits V.A., Chateigner D., Gates W.P., Wu J., Huo D. & Stucki J.W. (2000a) Oxidation-reduction mechanism of iron in dioctahedral smectites. I. Crystal chemistry of oxidized reference nontronites. American Mineralogist, 85, 133-152.
94. Manceau A., Larson B., Schlegel M.L., Hargé J.C., Musso M., Eybert-Berard L., Hazemann J.L. & Chateigner D. (2000b) Quantitative Zn speciation in smelter-contaminated soils by EXAFS spectroscopy. American Journal of Science, 300, 289-343.
95. Manceau A., Tamura N., Marcus M.A., MacDowell., A.A., Celestre R.S., Sublett R.E., Sposito G. & Padmore H.A. (2002a) Deciphering Ni sequestration in soil ferromanganese nodules by combining X-ray fluorescense, absorption and diffraction at micrometer scale of resolution. American Mineralogist, 87, 1494-1499.
96. Manceau A., Marcus M.A. & Tamura N. (2002b) Quantitative speciation of heavy metals in soils and sediments by synchrotron X-ray techniques. Pp. 341-428 in: Application of Synchron Radiation in Low-Temperature Geochemistry and Environmental Sience (P. Tender, M. Rivers, N.C. Sturchio and S. Sutton, editors). Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 49. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C.
97. Manceau A., Tamura N., Celestre R.S., MacDowell A.A., Geoffrey N., Sposito G. & Padmore H.A. (2003) Molecular-scale speciation of Zn and Ni in soil ferromanganese nodules from loess soils of the Mississippi basin. Evironmental Science and Technology, 37, 75-80.
98. Martinez-Alonso S., Rustad J.R. & Goetz A.F.H. (2002a) Ab initio quantum mechanical modeling of infrared vibrational frequencies of the OH group in dioctahedral phyllosilicates. Part I: Methods, results and comparison to experimental data. American Mineralogist, 87, 1215-1223.
99. Martinez-Alonso S., Rustad J.R. & Goetz A.F.H. (2002b) Ab initio quantum mechanical modeling of infrared vibrational frequencies of the OH group in dioctahedral phyllosilicates. Part II: Main physical factors governing the OH vibrations. American Mineralogist, 87, 1224-1234.
100. McCarty D.K. & Reynolds R.C. (1995) Rotationally disordered illite-smectite in Paleozoic K-bentonites. Clays and Clay Minerals, 43, 271-284.
101. McCarty D.K. & Reynolds R.C. (2001) Three-dimensional crystal structures of illite-smectite minerals in Paleozoic K-bentonites from the Appalachian basin. Clays and Clay Minerals, 49, 24-35.
102. Méring J. ( 1949) L'interference des rayons X dans les systemes a stratification desordonnee. Acta Crystallographica, 2, 371-377.
103. Méring J. & Glaeser R. (1954) Sur la role de la valence cations exchangeable dans la montmorillonite. Bulletin de la Société francaise la Minéralogie et Cristallographie, 77, 519-530.
104. Merriman R.J., Roberts B. & Peacor D.K. (1990) A transmission electron microscopy study of white mica crystallite size distribution in a mudstone to slate transitional sequence, North Wales, UK. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 106, 27-40.
105. Muller F., Besson G., Manceau A. & Drits V.A. (1997) Distribution of isomorphous cations within octahedral sheets in montmorillonite from Camp-Bertaux. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 24, 159-166.
106. 3+, Mg-rich dioctahedral micas (I) structural transformation. Clay Minerals, 35, 491-504.
107. 3+, Mg-rich dioctahedral micas: (II) cation migration. Clay Minerals, 35, 505-514.
108. Muller F., Drits V.A., Plançon A. & Robert J-P. (2000c) Structural transformation of 2:1 dioctahedral layer silicates during dehydroxylation-rehydroxylation reactions. Clays and Clay Minerals, 48, 5, 572-585.
109. Murakami T., Sato T. & Inoue A. (1999) HRTEM evidence for the process and mechanism of saponiteto-chlorite conversion through corrensite. American Mineralogist, 84, 1080-1087.
110. Nadeau P.H., Tait J.M., McHardy W.J. & Wilson MJ. (1984) Interstratification XRD characteristics of physical mixtures of elementary clay particles. Clay Minerals, 19, 67-76.
111. Organova N.I. (1989) Crystal Chemistry of Incommensurate and Modulated Mixed-layer Minerals. Nauka, Moscow, 140 pp. (in Russian).
112. Palin E.J., Dove M.T., Redfern S.A.T., Bosenick A., Sainz-Diaz C.I. & Warren M.C. (2001) Computational study of tetrahedral Al-Si ordering in muscovite. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 28, 534-544.
113. Pavese A. (2002) Neutron powder diffraction and Rietveld analysis: application to crystal-chemical studies of minerals at non-ambient conditions. European Journal of Mineralogy, 14, 241-249.
114. 1 phengites by low temperature neutron powder diffraction: reality or artefact? European Journal of Mineralogy, 13, 1071-1078.
115. Plançon A. (1981) Diffraction layer structures containing different kinds of layers and stacking faults. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 14, 300-304.
116. Plançon A. (2001) Order-disorder in clay mineral structure. Clay Minerals, 36, 1-14.
117. Plançon A. (2002) New modeling of X-ray diffraction by disordered lamellar structures, such as phyllosilicates. American Mineralogy, 87, 1672-1677.
118. Plançon A. (2003) Modelling X-ray diffraction by lamellar structures composed of electrically charged layers. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 36, 146-153.
119. Plançon A. & Drits V.A. (1994) Expert system for structural characterization of phyllosilicates: I. Description of the expert system. Clay Minerals, 29, 33-38.
120. Plançon A. & Drits V.A. (2000) Phase analysis of clays using an expert system and calculation programs for X-ray diffraction by two- and three-component mixed-layer minerals. Clays and Clay Minerals, 48, 57-62.
121. Plançon A. & Tchoubar C. (1977) Determination of structural defects in phyllosilicates by X-ray powder diffraction. I. Principle of calculation of the diffraction phenomenon. Clays and Clay Minerals, 25, 430-435.
122. Plançon A., Giese R.F., Snyder R., Drits V.A. & Bookin A.S. (1989) Stacking faults in the kaolin-group minerals: Defect structures of kaolinite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 37, 203-210.
123. Reynolds R.C. (1980) Interstratified clay minerals. Pp. 249-303 in: Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and their X-ray Identification (G.W. Brindley & G. Brown, editors). Monograph 5. Mineralogical Society, London.
124. Reynolds R.C. (1985) NEWMOD: A computer program for the calculation at one-dimensional diffraction powders of mixed-layer clays. Published by the author, 8 Brook Road, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
125. Reynolds R.C. (1988) Mixed-layer chlorite minerals. Pp. 601-629 in: Hydrous Phyllosilicates (exclusive of micas) (S.W. Bailey, editor). Reviews in Mineralogy, 19. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C.
126. Reynolds R.C. (1992) X-ray diffraction study of illite-smectite from rocks, < 1 μm randomly oriented powders, and < 1 μm oriented powder aggregates: the absence of laboratory-induced artifacts. Clays and Clay Minerals, 40, 387-396.
127. Reynolds R.C., Jr. (1993) Three-dimensional X-ray diffraction from disordered illite: simulation and interpretation of the diffraction patterns. Pp. 44-78 in: Computer Applications to X-ray Diffraction Methods (R.C. Reynolds and J. Walker, editors). CMS, Workshop Lectures 5. Clay Minerals Society, Bloomington, Indiana.
128. Reynolds R.C. & Thompson C.H. (1993) Illites from the Postam sandstone of New York, a probable non-centrosymmetric mica structure. Clays and Clay Minerals, 41, 66-72.
129. Ryan P.C. & Reynolds R.C. (1997) The chemical composition of serpentine-chlorite in the Tuscaloosa formation, United States Gulf Coast: EDX vs XRD determinations, implications for mineralogic reactions and the origin of anatase. Clays and Clay Minerals, 45,339-352.
130. Sainz-Diaz C.I., Timon V., Botella V. & Hernandez-Laguna A. (2000) Isomorphous substitution effect on the vibration frequencies of hydroxyl groups in molecular cluster models of the clay octahedral sheet. American Mineralogist, 85, 1038-1045.
131. Sainz-Diaz C.I., Caudros J. & Hernandez-Laguna A. (2001a) Analysis of cation distribution in the octahedral sheet of dioctahedral 2:1 phyllosilicates by using inverse Monte Carlo methods. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 28, 445-454.
132. Sainz-Diaz C.I., Hernandez-Laguna A. & Dove M.T. (2001b) Modeling of dioctahedral 2:1 phyllosilicates by means of transferable empirical potentials. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 28, 130-141.
133. Sainz-Diaz C.I., Timon V., Botella V., Artacho E. & Hernandez-Laguna A. (2002) Quantum mechanical calculations of dioctahedral 2:1 phyllosilicates: Effect of octahedral cation distribution in pyrophillite, illite and smectite. American Mineralogist, 87, 958-965.
134. Sakharov B.A., Besson G., Drits V.A., Kameneva M.Y., Salyn A.L. & Smoliar B.B. (1990) X-ray Study of the nature of stacking faults in the structure of glauconites. Clay Minerals, 25, 419-435.
135. Sakharov B.A., Lindgreen H., Salyn A. & Drits V.A. (1999a) Determination of illite-smectite structures using multispecimen X-ray diffraction profile fitting. Clays and Clay Minerals, 47, 555-566.
136. Sakharov B.A., Lindgreen H., Salyn A. & Drits V.A. (1999b) Mixed-layer kaolinite-illite-vermiculite in North Sea shales. Clay Minerals, 34, 333-344.
137. Sakharov B.A., Plançon A. & Drits V.A. (1999c) Influence of outer surface structure of crystals on X-ray diffraction. Program with Abstracts, European Clay Groups Association, September, 1999. Krakow, Poland, p.129.
138. Schmidt D. & Livi K.J.T. (1999) HRTEM and SAED investigations of polytypism, stacking disorder, crystal growth, and vacancies in chlorites from subgreenschist facies outcrops. American Mineralogist, 84, 160-170.
139. 27AI MAS NMR investigation of Miocene gulf coast shales with application to understanding illite-smectite crystal chemistry. Clays and Clay Minerals, 41, 668-679.
140. 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy. American Mineralogist, 81, 26-38.
141. Slonimskaya M.V., Besson G., Dainyak L.G., Tchoubar C. & Drits V.A. (1986) The interpretation of the IR spectra of celadonites and glauconites in the region of OH- stretching frequencies. Clay Minerals, 21, 377-388
142. Środoń J. (2002) Quantitative mineralogy of sedimentary rocks with emphasis on clays and with applications to K-Ar dating. A Journal of Mineral Sciences, 66, 677-687.
143. Środoń J., Andreoli C., Elsass F. & Robert M. (1990) Direct high-resolution transmission electron microscopic measurement of expandability of mixed-layer illite-smectite in bentonite rock. Clays and Clay Minerals 38, 373-379.
144. Środoń J., Eberl D.D. & Drits V.A. (2000) Evolution of fundamental-particle size during illitization of smectite and implications for reaction mechanism. Clays and Clay Minerals, 48, 446-458.
145. Strawn D., Doner H., Zavarin M. & McHugo S. (2002) Microscale investigation into the geochemistry of arsenic, selenium and iron in soil developed in pyritic shale materials. Geoderma, 108, 237-257.
146. Tsipursky S.I. & Drits V.A. (1984) The distribution of octahedral cations in the 2:1 layers of dioctahedral smectites studied by oblique texture electron diffraction. Clay Minerals, 19, 177-193.
147. Tsipursky S.I., Eberl D.D. & Buseck P.R. (1992) Unusual tops (bottoms?) of particles of IM illite from the Silverton cadera. Abstracts of the Annual meeting of ASA, CSSA, SSSA, and CMS, Minneapolis, USA, p. 56.
148. Uhlik P., Šuchá V., Elsass F. & Čaplovičova M. (2000) High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy of mixed-layer clays dispersed in PVP-10: A new technique to distinguish detrital and authigenic illitic material. Clay Minerals, 35, 781-789.
149. Vantelon D., Pelletier M., Michot L.J., Barres O. & Thomas F. (2001) Fe, Mg and Al distribution in the octahedral sheet of montmorillonites. An infrared study in the OH-bending region. Clay Minerals, 36, 369-379.
150. 29Si NMR spectra. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 22, 87-89.
151. Warr L.N. & Neito F. ( 1998) Crystal thickness and defect density of phyllosilicates in low-temperature metamorphic pelites: a TEM and XRD study of clay mineral crystallinity index standards. The Canadian Mineralogist, 36, 1453-1474.
152. Warshaw C.M (1959) Experimental studies of illites. Clays and Clay Minerals, 7, 303-316.
153. Ylagan R.F., Altaner S.P. & Pozzuoli A. (2000) Reaction mechanisms of smectite illitization associated with hydrothermal alteration from Ponza island, Italy, Clays and Clay Minerals, 48, 610-631.
154. Zvyagin B.B., Rabotnov V.T., Sidorenko O.V. & Kotelnikov D.D. (1985) Unique mica consisting of noncentrosymmetric layers. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk S.S.S.R, Seriya Geologicheskaya, 35, 121-124 (in Russian).
155. Zvyagin, B.B. & Drits V.A. (1996) Interrelated features of structure and stacking of kaolin mineral layers. Clays and Clay Minerals, 44, 297-303
156. th General Meeting of the International Mineralogical Association, September 2002, Edinburgh, UK, p. 158.