Cancer gene therapy utilizing interleukin-13 receptor α2 chain

Current Gene Therapy

Volumn 5, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 213-223

  Kawakami, Koji ^a,b  

^a CENTER FOR DRUG EVALUATION AND RESEARCH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

Author keywords

Cancer gene therapy; Cytokine receptor; Immunotherapy; Immunotoxin; Interleukin 13; Tumor vaccine

Indexed keywords

ASIALOGLYCOPROTEIN RECEPTOR; CELL ANTIGEN; CYTOKINE RECEPTOR; CYTOTOXIN; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2; FAS ANTIGEN; GLYCOPROTEIN GP 100; INTERLEUKIN 13; INTERLEUKIN 13 RECEPTOR ALPHA2; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR GAMMA; INTERLEUKIN 4; INTERLEUKIN 4 RECEPTOR; MELANOMA ANTIGEN; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; SOMATOSTATIN; SOMATOSTATIN RECEPTOR 2;

ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; BINDING AFFINITY; CANCER CELL; CANCER THERAPY; CELL KILLING; CLINICAL TRIAL; CYTOTOXICITY; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE TARGETING; GENE THERAPY; GENE TRANSFER; GENETIC TRANSFECTION; GLIOBLASTOMA; HEAD AND NECK CANCER; HUMAN; IN VITRO STUDY; IN VIVO STUDY; KAPOSI SARCOMA; NONHUMAN; NUDE MOUSE; PLASMID; REVIEW; TUMOR XENOGRAFT;

ANIMALS; GENE THERAPY; HUMANS; INTERLEUKIN-13; INTERLEUKIN-13 RECEPTOR ALPHA1 SUBUNIT; NEOPLASMS; RECEPTORS, INTERLEUKIN; RECEPTORS, INTERLEUKIN-13;

MUS MUSCULUS;

EID: 15944422120     PISSN: 15665232     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1566523053544227     Document Type: Review

References (123)

1. Allured, V.S., Collier, R.J., Carroll, S.F., and McKay, D.B. (1986) Structure of exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 3.0-Angstrom resolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 83: 1320-1324.
2. Aman, M.J., Tayebi, N., Obiri, N.I., Puri, R.K., Modi, W.S., and Leonard, W.J. (1996) cDNA cloning and characterization of the human interleukin 13 receptor α chain. J. Biol. Chem., 271: 29265-29270.
3. Ambar, B.B., Frei, K., Malipiero, U., Morelli, A.E., Castro, M.G., Lowenstein, P.R., and Fontana, A. (1999) Treatment of experimental glioma by administration of adenoviral vectors expressing Fas ligand. Hum. Gene Ther., 10: 1641-1648.
4. Arai, H., Gordon, D., Nabel, E.G., and Nabel, G.J. (1997) Gene transfer of Fas ligand induces tumor regression in vivo Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94: 13862-13867.
5. Basu, A., Mohanty, S., and Sun, B. (2001) Differential sensitivity of breast cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-a: involvement of protein kinase C. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 280: 883-891.
6. Bobo, R.H., Laske, D.W., Akbasak, A., Morrison, P.F., Dedrick, R.L., and Oldfield, E.H. (1994) Convection-enhanced delivery to macromolecules in the brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91: 2076-2080.
7. Caput, D., Laurent, P., Kaghad, M., Lelias, J.M., Lefort, S., Vita, N., and Ferrara, P. (1996) Cloning and characterization of a specific interleukin (IL)-13 binding protein structurally related to the IL-5 receptor α chain. J. Biol. Chem., 271: 16921-16926.
8. Chiaramonte, M.G., Mentink-Kane, M., Jacobson, B.A., Cheever, A.W., Whitters, M.J., Goad, M.E., Wong, A., Collins, M., Donaldson, D.D., Grusby, M.J., and Wynn, T.A. (2003) Regulation and function of the interleukin 13 receptor α2 during a T helper cell type 2-dominant immune response. J. Exp. Med., 197: 687-701.
9. Curiel, D.T., Gerritsen, W.R., and Krul, M.R.L. (2000) Progress in cancer gene therapy. Cancer Gene Ther., 7: 1197-1199.
10. Daines, M.O., and Hershey, G.K. (2002) A novel mechanism by which interferon-gamma can regulate interleukin (IL)-13 responses: evidence for intracellular stores of IL-13 receptor α2 and their rapid mobilization by interferon γ. J. Biol. Chem., 277: 10387-10393.
11. David, M., Ford, D., Bertoglio, J., Maizel, A.L., and Pierre, J. (2001) Induction of the IL-13 receptor a2-chain by IL-4 and IL-13 in human keratinocytes: involvement of STAT6, ERK and p38 MAPK pathways. Oncogene 20: 6660-6668.
12. David, M.D., Bertoglio, J., and Pierre, J. (2003) Functional characterization of IL-13 receptor α2 gene promoter: a critical role of the transcription factor STAT6 for regulated expression. Oncogene, 22: 3386-3394.
13. DeAngelis, L.M. (2001) Brain tumors. New Engl. J. Med., 344: 114-123.
14. Debinski, W., Obiri, N.I., Pastan, I., and Puri, R.K. (1995a) A novel chimeric protein composed of interleukin 13 and Pseudomonas exotoxin is highly cytotoxic to human carcinoma cells expressing receptors for interleukin 13 and interleukin 4. J. Biol. Chem., 270: 16775-16780.
15. Debinski, W., Obiri, N.I., Powers, S.K., Pastan, I., and Puri, R.K. (1995b) Human glioma cells overexpress receptors for interleukin 13 and are extremely sensitive to a novel chimeric protein composed of interleukin 13 and pseudomonas exotoxin. Clin. Cancer Res. 1: 1253-1258.
16. Donaldson, D.D., Whitters, M.J., Fitz, L.J., Neben, T.Y., Finnerty, H., Henderson, S.L., O'Hara Jr., R.M., Beier, D.R., Turner, K.J., Wood, C.R., and Collins, M. (1998) The murine IL-13 receptor α2: molecular cloning, characterization, and comparison with murine IL-13 receptor α1. J. Immunol., 161: 2317-2324.
17. Feng, N., Lugli, S.M., Schnyder, B., Gauchat, J.F., Graber, P., Schlagenhauf, E., Schnarr, B., Wiederkehr-Adam, M., Duschl, A., Heim, M.H., Lutz, R.A., and Moser, R. (1998) The interleukin-4/interleukin-13 receptor of human synovial fibroblasts: overexpression of the nonsignaling interleukin-13 receptor α2. Lab. Invest., 78: 591-602.
18. Frankel, A.E., Kreitman, R.J., and Sausville, E.A. (2000) Targeted toxins. Clin. Cancer Res., 6: 326-334.
19. Friedrich, K., Kammer, W., Erhardt, I., Brandlein, S., Arnold, S., and Sebald, W. (1999) The two subunits of the interleukin-4 receptor mediate independent and distinct patterns of ligand endocytosis. Eur. J. Biochem., 265: 457-465.
20. Guillermet, J., Saint-Laurent, N., Rochaix, P., Cuvillier, O., Levade, T., Schally, A.V., Pradayrol, L., Buscail, L., Susini, C., and Bousquet, C. (2003) Somatostatin receptor subtype 2 sensitizes human pancreatic cancer cells to death ligand-induced apoptosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100: 155-160.
21. Hilton, D.J., Zhang, J.G., Metcalf, D., Alexander, W.S., Nicola, N., and Willson, T.A. (1996) Cloning and characterization of a binding subunit of the interleukin 13 receptor that is also a component of the interleukin 4 receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93: 497-501.
22. Holscher, C. (2003) Interleukin-13: genes, receptors and signal transduction. In: Interleukin-13, Ed. Brombacher, F. Landes Bioscience, Texas, pp1-8.
23. Hu, H.M., Urba, W.J., and Fox, B.A. (1998) Gene-modified tumor vaccine with therapeutic potential shifts tumor-specific T cell response from a type 2 to a type 1 cytokine profile. J. Immunol., 161: 3033-3041.
24. Husain, S.R., Obiri, N.I., Gill, P., Zheng, T., Pastan, I., Debinski, W., and Puri, R.K. (1997a) Receptor for interleukin 13 on AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma cells serves as a new target for a potent Pseudomonas exotoxin-based chimeric toxin protein. Clin. Cancer Res., 3: 151-156.
25. Husain, S.R., Gill, P., Kreitman, R.J., Pastan, I., and Puri, R.K. (1997b) Interleukin-4 receptor expression on AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma cells and their targeting by a chimeric protein comprised of circularly permuted interleukin-4 and Pseudomonas exotoxin. Mol. Med., 3: 327-338.
26. Husain, S.R., and Puri, R.K. (2000) Interleukin-13 fusion cytotoxin as a potent targeted agent for AIDS-Kaposi's sarcoma xenograft. Blood, 95: 3506-3513.
27. Husain, S.R., Joshi, B.H., and Puri, R.K. (2001) Interleukin-13 receptor as a unique target for anti-glioblastoma therapy. Int. J. Cancer, 92: 168-175.
28. Husain, S.R., and Puri, R.K. (2003) Interleukin-13 receptor-directed cytotoxin for malignant glioma therapy: from bench to bedside. J. Neuro-Oncol., 65: 37-48.
29. Hyer, M.L., Voelkel-Johnson, C., Rubinchik, S., Dong, J., and Norris, J.S. (2000) Intracellular Fas ligand expression causes Fas-mediated apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells resistant to monoclonal antibody-induced apoptosis. Mol. Ther., 2: 348-358.
30. Idzerda, R.L., March, C.J., Mosley, B., Lyman, S.D., Vanden Bos T, Gimpel, S.D., Din, W.S., Grabstein, K.H., Widmer, M.B., Park, L.S., Cosman, D., and Beckmann, M.P. (1990) Human interleukin 4 receptor confers biological responsiveness and defines a novel receptor superfamily. J. Exp. Med., 171: 861-873.
31. Iglewski, B.H., and Kabat, D. (1975) NAD-dependent inhibition of protein synthesis by Pseudomonas. aeruginasa toxin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 72: 2284-2288
32. Inoue, K., Slaton, J.W., Eve, B.Y., Kim, S.J., Perrotte, P., Balbay, M.D., Yano, S., Bar-Eli, M., Radinsky, R., Pettaway, C.A., and Dinney, C.P. (2000) Interleukin 8 expression regulates tumorigenicity and metastases in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 6: 2104-2119.
33. Ishii, K.J., Kawakami, K., Gursel, I., Conover, J., Joshi, B.H., Klinman, D.M., and Puri, R.K. (2003) Anti-tumor therapy with bacterial DNA and toxin: complete regression of established tumor by liposomal CpG ODN plus IL-13 cytotoxin. Clin. Cancer Res., in press.
34. Isobe, K., Fan, Z.H., Emi, N., and Nakashima, I. (1994) Gene transfer of TNF receptor for treatment of cancer by TNF. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 202: 1538-1542.
35. Ito, N., Nakamura, H., Tanaka, Y., and Ohgi, S. (1999) Lung carcinoma: analysis of T helper type 1 and 2 cells and T cytotoxic type 1 and 2 cells by intracellular cytokine detection with flow cytometry. Cancer, 85: 2359-2367.
36. Jakubzick, C., Kunkel, S.L., Joshi, B.H., Puri, R.K., and Hogaboam, C.M. (2002) Interleukin-13 fusion cytotoxin arrests Schistosoma mansoni egg-induced pulmonary granuloma formation in mice. Am. J. Pathol., 161: 1283-1297.
37. Jinno, Y., Ogata, M., Chaudhary, V.K., Willingham, M.C., Adhya, S., FitzGerald, D., and Pastan, I. (1989) Domain II mutants of Pseudomonas exotoxin deficient in translocation. J. Biol. Chem., 264: 15953-15959.
38. Joshi, B.H., Plautz, G.E., and Puri, R.K. (2000) IL-13 receptor α chain: A novel tumor associated transmembrane protein in primary explants of human malignant gliomas. Cancer Res., 60: 1168-1172.
39. Joshi, B.H., Kawakami, K., Leland, P., and Puri, R.K. (2002) Heterogeneity in interleukin-13 receptor expression and subunit structure in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck: differential sensitivity to chimeric fusion proteins comprised of interleukin-13 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin. Clin. Cancer Res., 8: 1948-1956.
40. Kawakami, K., Leland, P., and Puri, R.K. (2000a) Structure, function, and targeting of interleukin 4 receptors on human head and neck carcinoma cells. Cancer Res., 60: 2981-2987.
41. Kawakami, K., Joshi, B.H., and Puri, R.K. (2000b) Sensitization of cancer cells to interleukin-13-Pseudomonas exotoxin induced cell death by gene transfer of IL-13 receptor α chain. Hum. Gene Ther., 11: 1829-1835.
42. Kawakami, K., Kawakami, M., and Puri, R.K. (2001a) Overexpressed cell surface interleukin-4 receptor molecules can be successfully targeted for antitumor cytotoxin therapy. Crit. Rev. Immunol., 21: 299-310.
43. Kawakami, K., Taguchi, J., Murata, T., and Puri, R.K. (2001b) The interleukin-13 receptor α2 chain: an essential component for binding and internalization but not for interleukin-13-induced signal transduction through the STAT6 pathway. Blood, 97: 2673-2679.
44. Kawakami, K., Takeshita, F., and Puri, R.K. (2001c) Identification of distinct roles for a dileucine and a tyrosine internalization motif in the interleukin (IL)-13 binding component IL-13 receptor α2 chain. J. Biol. Chem., 276: 25114-25120.
45. Kawakami, K., Kawakami, M., Snoy, P.J., Husain, S.R., and Puri, R.K. (2001d) In vivo over-expression of IL-13 receptor α2 chain inhibits tumorigenicity of human breast and pancreatic tumors in immunodeficient mice. J. Exp. Med., 194: 1743-1754.
46. Kawakami, K., Husain, S.R., Bright, R.K., and Puri, R.K. (2001e) Gene transfer of interleukin 13 receptor α2 chain dramatically enhances the antitumor effect of IL-13 receptor-targeted cytotoxin in human prostate cancer xenografts.. Cancer Gene Ther., 8: 861-868.
47. Kawakami, K., Kawakami, M., Joshi, B.H., and Puri, R.K. (2001f) Interleukin-13 receptor targeted cancer therapy in an immunodeficient animal model of human head and neck cancer. Cancer Res., 61: 6194-6200.
48. Kawakami, K., Husain, S.R., Kawakami, M., and Puri, R.K. (2002a) Improved anti-tumor activity and safety of interleukin-13 receptor targeted cytotoxin by systemic continuous administration in head and neck cancer xenograft model. Mol. Med., 8: 487-492.
49. Kawakami, K., Kawakami, M., and Puri, R.K. (2002b) Cytokine receptor as a sensitizer for targeted cancer therapy. Anti-Cancer Drugs, 13: 693-699.
50. Kawakami, K., Kawakami, M., and Puri, R.K. (2002c) Interleukin-13 receptor-targeted cytotoxin cancer therapy leads to complete readication of tumors with the aid of phagocytic cells in nude mice model of human cancer.. J. Immunol., 169: 7119-7126.
51. Kawakami, K., Kawakami, M., Husain, S.R., and Puri, R.K. (2002d) Targeting interleukin-4 receptors for effective pancreatic cancer therapy. Cancer Res., 62: 3575-3580.
52. Kawakami, K., Kawakami, M., Leland, P., and Puri, R.K. (2002e) Internalization property of interleukin-4 receptor α chain increases cytotoxic effect of IL-4 receptor targeted cytotoxin in cancer cells. Clin. Cancer Res., 8: 258-266.
53. Kawakami, K., and Puri, R.K. (2003) Interleukin-13 and cancer. In: Interleukin-13, Ed. Brombacher, F. Landes Bioscience, Texas, pp65-78.
54. Kawakami, K., Kawakami, M., Husain, S.R., and Puri, R.K. (2003a) Potent antitumor activity of IL-13 cytotaxin in human pancreatic tumors engineered to express IL-13 receptor α2 chain in. vivo. Gene Ther., 10: 1116-1128.
55. Kawakami, K., Kawakami, M., Husain, S.R., and Puri, R.K. (2003b) Effect of interleukin-4 cytotoxin on breast tumor growth after in. vivo gene transfer of IL-4Rα chain. Clin. Cancer Res., 9: 1826-1836.
56. Kawakami, K., Kawakami, M., and Puri, R.K. (2004a) Specifically targeted killing of interleukin-13 receptor-expressing breast cancer by IL-13 fusion cytotoxin in animal model of human disease. Mol. Cancer Ther., 3: 137-147.
57. Kawakami, K., Kawakami, M., and Puri, R.K. (2004b) Nitric oxide accelerates IL-13 cytotoxin-mediated regression in head and neck cancer animal model. Clin. Cancer Res., 10: 5264-5270.
58. Kawakami, M., Leland, P., Kawakami, K., and Puri, R.K. (2001) Mutation and functional analysis of IL-13 receptors in human malignant glioma cells. Oncol. Res., 12: 459-467.
59. Kawakami, M., Kawakami, K., and Puri, R.K. (2002a) Apoptotic pathways of cell death induced by an interleukin-13 receptor-targeted recombinant cytotoxin in head and neck cancer cells. Cancer Immunol. Immunother., 50: 691-700.
60. Kawakami, M., Kawakami, K., Stepensky, V.A., Maki, R.A., Robin, H., Muller, W., Husain, S.R., and Puri, R.K. (2002b) Interleukin 4 receptor on human lung cancer: A molecular target for cytotoxin therapy. Clin. Cancer Res., 8: 3503-3511.
61. Kawakami, M., Kawakami, K., and Puri, R.K. (2002c) Intratumoral administration of interleukin 13 receptor-targeted cytotoxin induces apoptotic cell death in human malignant glioma tumor xenografts. Mol. Cancer Ther., 1: 999-1007, 2002.
62. Kawakami, M., Kawakami, K., Kasperbauer, J.L., Hinkley, L.L., Tsukuda, M., Strome, S.E., and Puri, R.K. (2003a) Interleukin-13 receptor α2 chain in human head and neck cancer serves as a unique diagnostic marker. Clin. Cancer Res., 9: 6381-6388.
63. Kawakami, M., Kawakami, K., and Puri, R.K. (2003b) Tumor regression mechanisms by interleukin-13 receptor-targeted cancer therapy involve apoptotic pathways.. Int. J. Cancer, 103: 45-52.
64. Kawakami, M., Kawakami, K., and Puri, R.K. (2003c) Interleukin-4-Pseudomonas exotoxin chimeric fusion protein for malignant glioma therapy. J. Neuro-oncol., 65: 15-25.
65. Kawakami, M., Kawakami, K., Takahashi, S., Abe, M., and Puri, R.K. (2004) Analysis of interleukin-13 receptor α2 expression in human pediatric brain tumors. Cancer, 101: 1036-1042.
66. Kiessling, R., Weil, W.Z., Herrmann, F., Lindencrona, J.A., Choudhury, A., Kono, K., and Seliger, B. (2002) Cellular immunity to the Her-2/neu protooncogene. Adv. Cancer Res., 85: 101-144.
67. Kreig, A.M. (2002) CpG motifs in bacterial DNA and their immune effects. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 20: 709-760.
68. Kreitman, R.J., Puri, R.K., and Pastan, I. (1994) A circularly permuted recombinant interleukin 4 toxin with increased activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91: 6889-6893.
69. Kunwar, S. (2003) Convection-enhanced delivery of IL13-PE38QQR for treatment of recurrent malignant glioma: presentation from interim findings from ongoing phase 1 studies. Acta. Neurochir. Suppl., 88: 105-111.
70. Kuznetsov, V.A., and Puri, R.K. (1999) Kinetic analysis of high affinity forms of interleukin (IL)-13 receptors: suppression of IL-13 binding by IL-2 receptor γ chain. Biophys. J., 77: 154-172.
71. Lang, F., Kunwar, S., Strauss, L., Gutin, P., Piepmeier, J., McDermott, M., Fleming, C., Sherman, J., Raizer, J., Aldape, K., Yung, W.K.A., Husain, S.R., Chang, S.M., Berger, M., Prados, M., and Puri, R.K. (2002) A clinical study of convection-enhanced delivery of IL13-PE38QQR cytotoxin pre- and post-resection of recurrent GBM. 70th annual meeting of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Chicago, IL (abstract).
72. Laske, D.W., Youle, R.J., and Oldfield, E.H. (1997) Tumor regression with regional distribution of the targeted toxin TF-CRM107 in patients with malignant brain tumors. Nat. Med., 3: 1362-1368.
73. Leland, P., Taguchi, J., Husain, S.R., Kreitman, R.J., Pastan, I., and Puri, R.K. (2000) Human breast carcinoma cells express type II IL-4 receptors and are sensitive to antitumor activity of a chimeric IL-4-Pseudomonas exptoxin fusion protein in vitro and in vivo. Mol. Med., 6: 165-178.
74. Lin, W.C., Yasumura, S., and Whiteside, T.L. (1993) Transfer of interleukin 2 receptor genes into squamous cell carcinoma: modification of tumor growth. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg., 119: 1229-1235.
75. Liu, H., Jacobs, B.S., Liu, J., Prayson, R.A., Estes, M.L., Barnett, G.H., and Barna, B.P. (2000) Interleukin-13 sensitivity and receptor phenotypes of human glial cell lines: non-neoplastic glia and low-grade astrocytoma differ from malignant glioma. Cancer Immunol. Immunother., 49: 319-324.
76. Liu, X., Tian, P., Yu, Y., Yao, M., Cao, X., and Gu, J. (2002) Enhanced antitumor effect of EGF R-targeted p21WAF-1 and GM-CSF gene transfer in the established murine hepatoma by peritumoral injection. Cancer Gene Ther., 9: 100-108.
77. Maini, A., Hillman, G., Haas, G.P., Wang, C.Y., Montecillo, E., Hamzavi, F., Pontes, J.E., Leland, P., Pastan, I., Debinski, W., and Puri, R.K. (1997) Interleukin-13 receptors on human prostate carcinoma cell lines represent a novel target for a chimeric protein composed of IL-13 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin. J. Urol., 158: 948-953.
78. McGuinness, R.P., Ge, Y., Pastel, S.D., Kashmiri, S.V., Lee, H.S., Hand, P.H., Schlom, J., Finer, M.H., and McArthur. J.G. (1999) Anti-tumor activity of human T cells expressing the CC49-zeta chimeric immune receptor. Hum. Gene Ther., 10: 165-174.
79. McKenzie, A.N.J. (2003) Experimental models/tools for the analysis of IL-13 function. In: Interleukin-13, Ed. Brombacher, F. Landes Bioscience, Texas, pp13-20.
80. Miloux, B., Laurent, P., Bonnin, O., Lupker, J., Caput, D., Vita, N., and Ferrara, P. (1997) Cloning of the human IL-13Rα1 chain and reconstitution with the IL-4Rα of a functional IL-4 /IL-13 receptor complex. FEBS Lett., 401: 163-166.
81. Murata, T., Obiri, N.I., and Puri, R.K. (1997a) Human ovarian-carcinoma cell lines express IL-4 and IL-13 receptors: comparison between IL-4- and IL-13-induced signal transduction. Int. J. Cancer 70: 230-240.
82. Murata, T., Obiri, N.I., Debinski, W., and Puri, R.K. (1997b) Structure of IL-13 receptor: analysis of subunit composition in cancer and immune cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 238: 90-94.
83. Murata, T., Obiri, N.I., and Puri, R.K. (1998a) Structure and signal transduction through interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 receptors. Int. J. Mol. Med., 1: 551-557.
84. Murata, T., Taguchi, J., and Puri, R.K. (1998b) Interleukin-13 receptor α′ but not α chain: a functional component of interleukin-4 receptors. Blood, 91: 3884-3891.
85. Murata, T., Husain, S.R., Mohri, H., and Puri, R.K. (1998c) Two different IL-13 receptor chains are expressed in normal human skin fibroblasts, and IL-4 and IL-13 mediate signal transduction through a common pathway. Int. Immunol., 10: 1103-1110.
86. Nagata, S. and Golstein, P. (1995) The Fas death factor. Science, 267: 1449-1456.
87. Nelms, K., Keegan, A.D., Zamorano, J., Ryan, J.J., and Paul, W.E. (1999) The IL-4 receptor: signaling mechanisms and biologic functions. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 17: 701-738.
88. Niu, Y., Murata, T., Watanabe, K., Kawakami, K., Yoshimura, A., Inoue, J., Puri, R.K., and Kobayashi, N. (2003) MIP-T3 associates with IL-13Rα1 and suppress STAT6 activation in response to IL-13 stimulation. FEBS Lett., 550: 139-143.
89. Norris, J.S,. Hyer, M.L., Voelkel-Johnson, C., Lowe, S.L., Rubinchik, S., and Dong, J.Y. (2001) The use of Fas Ligand, TRAIL and Bax in gene therapy of prostate cancer. Curr. Gene Ther., 1: 123-136.
90. Obiri, N.I., and Puri, R.K. (1994) Characterization of interleukin-4 receptors expressed on human renal cell carcinoma cells. Oncol. Res., 6: 419-427.
91. Obiri, N.I., Debinski, W., Leonard, W.J., and Puri, R.K. (1995) Receptor for interleukin 13: interaction with interleukin 4 by a mechanism that does not involve the common γ chain shared by receptors for interleukins 2, 4, 7, 9, and 15. J. Biol. Chem., 270: 8797-8804.
92. c chain of the IL-2 receptor. J. Biol. Chem., 272: 20251-20258.
93. Obiri, N.I., Leland, P., Murata, T., Debinski, W., and Puri, R.K. (1997b) The IL-13 receptor structure differs on various cell types and may share more than one component with IL-4 receptor. J. Immunol. 158: 756-764.
94. Ogata, M., Chaudhary, V.K., Pastan, I., and FitzGerald, D.J. (1990) Processing of Pseudomonas exotoxin by a cellular protease results in the generation of a 37,000-Da toxin fragment that is translocated to the cytosol. J. Biol. Chem., 265: 20678-20685.
95. Ogata, M., Pastan, I., and FitzGerald, D. (1991) Analysis of Pseudomonas exotoxin activation and conformational changes by using monoclonal antibodies as probes. Infect. Immun., 59: 407-414.
96. Okano, F., Storkus, W.J., Chambers, W.H., Pollack, I.F., and Okada, H. (2002) Identification of a novel HLA-A*0201-restricted, cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope in a human glioma-associated antigen, interleukin 13 receptor α2 chain. Clin. Cancer Res., 8: 2851-2855.
97. Pastan, I., Chaudhary, V., and FitzGerald, D.J. (1992) Recombinant toxins as novel theraprutic agents. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 61: 331-354.
98. Prados, M., Lang, F., Strauss, L., Fleming, C., Aldape, K., Kunwar, S., Yung, W.K.A., Husain, S.R., Chang, S.M., Gutin, P., Raizer, J., Piepmeier, J., Berger, M., and Puri, R.K. (2001) Pre and post-resection interstitial infusions of IL13-PE38QQR cytotoxin: Phase I study in recurrent respectable malignant glioma. First Qudrennial meeting-World Federation of Neuro-Oncology, Washington, DC (abstract).
99. Puri, R.K., Leland, P., Obiri, N.I., Husain, S.R., Kreitman, R.J., Haas, G.P., Pastan, I., and Debinski, W. (1996a) Targeting of interleukin-13 receptor on human renal cell carcinoma cells by a recombinant chimeric protein composed of interleukin-13 and a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE38QQR). Blood, 87: 4333-4339.
100. Puri, R.K., Hoon, D.S., Leland, P., Snoy, P., Rand, R.W., Pastan, I., and Kreitman, R.J. (1996b) Preclinical development of a recombinant toxin containing circularly permuted interleukin-4 and truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin for therapy of malignant astrocytoma. Cancer Res., 56: 5631-5637.
101. Rahaman, S.O., Sharma, P., Harbor, P.C., Aman, M.J., Vogelbaum, M.A., and Haque, S.J. (2002) IL-13Rα2, a decoy receptor for IL-13 acts as an inhibitor of IL-4-dependent signal transduction in glioblastoma cells. Cancer Res., 62: 1103-1109.
102. Ram, Z., Barnett, G., Vogelbaum, M., Constantini, S., Lillehei, K., Sherman, J., Fleming, C., Westphal, M., Mehdorn, M., and Puri, R.K. (2003) Pre-operative infusion of IL13-PE38QQR cytotoxin by convection-enhanced delivery (CED) in recurrent malignant glioma: a phase I/II study. American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meeting (abstract).
103. Ramesh, R., Saeki, T., Templeton, N.S., Li, L., Stephens, L.C., Ito, I., Wilson, D.R., Wu, Z., Branch, C.D., Minna, J.D., and Roth, J.A. (2001) Successful treatment of primary and disseminated human lung cancers by systemic delivery of tumor suppressor genes using an improved liposome vector. Mol. Ther., 3: 337-350.
104. Reiter, Y. (2001) Recombinant immunotoxins in targeted cancer cell therapy. Adv. Cancer. Res., 81: 93-124.
105. + tumor cells by primary lymphocytes modified with chimeric T cell receptors. Hum. Gene Ther., 11: 9-20.
106. Rochaix, P, Delesque, N., Esteve, J.P., Saint-Laurent, N., Voight, J.J., Vaysse, N., Susini, C., and Buscail, L. (1999) Gene therapy for pancreatic carcinoma: local and distant antitumor effects after somatostatin receptor sst2 gene transfer. Hum. Gene Ther., 10: 995-1008.
107. Sandberg, D.I., Edgar, M.A., and Souweidane, M.M. (2002) Convection-enhanced delivery into the rat brainstem. J. Neurosurg., 96: 885-891.
108. Sato, T., Yamauchi, N., Sasaki, H., Takahashi, M., Okamoto, T., Sakamaki, S., Watanabe, N., and Niitsu, Y. (1998) An apoptosis-inducing gene therapy for pancreatic cancer with a combination of 55-kDa tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor gene transfection and mutein TNF administration. Cancer Res., 58: 1677-1683.
109. Schirrmann, T. and Pecher, G. (2001) Tumor-specific targeting of a cell line with natural killer cell activity by asialoglycoprotein receptor gene transfer. Cancer Immunol. Immnother., 50: 549-556.
110. Shinoura, N., Yoshida, Y., Sadata, A., Hanada, K.I., Yamamoto, S., Kirino, T., Asai, A., and Hamada, H. (1998) Apoptosis by retrovirus- and adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of Fas ligand to glioma cells: implications for gene therapy. Hum. Gene Ther., 9: 1983-1993.
111. Shinoura, N., and Hamada, H. (2003) Gene therapy using an adenovirus vector for apoptosis-related genes is a highly effective therapeutic modality for killing glioma cells. Curr. Gene Ther., 3: 147-153.
112. Templeton, N.S., Lasic, D.D., Frederik, P.M., Strey, H.H., Roberts, D.D., and Pavlakis, G.N. (1997) Improved DNA:liposome complexes for increased systemic derivery and gene expression. Nat. Biotechnol. 15: 647-652.
113. Terabe, M., Matsui, S., Noben-Trauth, N., Chen, H., Watson, C., Donaldson, D.D., Carbone, D.P., Paul, W.E., and Berzofsky, J.A. (2000) NKT cell-mediated repression of tumor immunosurveillance by IL-13 and the IL-4R-STAT6 pathway. Nat. Immunol., 1: 515-520.
114. van Sandick, J.W., Boermeester, M.A., Gisbertz, S.S., ten Berge, I.J., Out, T.A., van der Pouvv Kraan, T.C., and van Lanschot, J.J. (2003) Lymphocyte subsets and Th1/Th2 immune responses in patients with adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus or oesophagogastric junction: relation to pTNM stage and clinical outcome. Cancer Immunol. Immunother., 52: 617-624.
115. Vousden, K.H., and Lu, X. (2002) Live or let die: the cell's response to p53. Nat. Rev. Cancer, 2: 594-604.
116. Waku, T., Fujiwara, T., Shao, J., Itoshima, T., Murakami, T., Kataoka, M., Gomi, S., Roth, J.A., and Tanaka, N. (2000) Contribution of CD95 ligand-induced neutrophil infiltration to the bystander effect in p53 gene therapy for human cancer. J. Immunol., 165: 5884-5890.
117. Weingart, J., Strauss, L.C., Grossman, S.A., Markert, J., Tatter, S., Fisher, J.D., Fleming, C.K., and Puri, R.K. (2002) Phase I/II study: intratumoral infusion of IL13-PE38QQR cytotoxin for recurrent supratentorial malignant glioma. Neuro-oncology, 4: 379 (Abstract).
118. Weller, M., Malipiero, U., Rensing-Ehl, A., Barr, P.J., and Fontana, A. (1995) Fas/Apo-1 gene transfer for human malignant glioma. Cancer Res., 55: 2936-2944.
119. Willemsen, R.A., Debets, R., Hart, E., Hoogenboom, H.R., Bolhuis, R.L., and Chames, P. (2001) A phage display selected fab fragment with MHC class I-restricted specificity for MAGE-A1 allows for retargeting of primary human T lymphocytes. Gene Ther., 8: 1601-1608.
120. Wills-Karp, M., Luyimbazi, J., Xu, X., Schofield, B., Neben, T.Y., Karp, C.L., and Donaldson, D.D. (1998) Interleukin-13: central mediator of allergic asthma. Science, 282: 2258-2260.
121. Wood, N., Whitters, M.J., Jacobson, B.A., Witek, J., Sypek, J.P., Kasaian, M., Eppihimer, M.J., Unger, M., Tanaka, T., Goldman, S.J., Collins, M., Donaldson, D.D., and Grusby, M.J. (2003) Enhanced interleukin (IL)-13 responses in mice lacking IL-13 receptor α2. J. Exp. Med., 197: 703-709.
122. Wynn, T.A. (2003) IL-13 effector functions. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 21: 425-456.
123. Yasunaga, S., Yuyama, N., Arima, K., Tanaka, H., Toda, S., Maeda, M., Matsui, K., Goda, C., Yang, Q., Sugita, Y., Nagai, H., and Izuhara, K. (2003) The negative-feedback regulation of the IL-13 signal by the IL-13 receptor α2 chain in bronchial epithelial cells. Cytokine, 24: 293-303.