메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 127-135

Evaluation of potential toxicity from co-exposure to three CNS depressants (toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) under resting and working conditions using PBPK modeling

Author keywords

Mixture formula; Mixtures; PBPK; Synergism; Unity calculation

Indexed keywords

ETHYLBENZENE; TOLUENE; XYLENE;

EID: 15444364182     PISSN: 15459624     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15459620590916198     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (36)

References (48)
  • 2
    • 0031976463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential health effects of gasoline and its constituents: A review of current literature (1990-1997) on toxicological data
    • Caprino, L., and G.I. Togna: Potential health effects of gasoline and its constituents: A review of current literature (1990-1997) on toxicological data. Environ. Health Perspect. 106:115-125 (1998).
    • (1998) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.106 , pp. 115-125
    • Caprino, L.1    Togna, G.I.2
  • 3
    • 0036797822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In silico toxicology: Simulating interaction thresholds for human exposure to mixtures of trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane
    • Dobrev, I. D., M.E. Andersen, and R.S. Yang: In silico toxicology: Simulating interaction thresholds for human exposure to mixtures of trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Environ. Health Perspect. 110:1031-1039 (2002).
    • (2002) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.110 , pp. 1031-1039
    • Dovrev, I.D.1    Andersen, M.E.2    Yang, R.S.3
  • 4
    • 0025992864 scopus 로고
    • Oxidation of toxic and carcinogenic chemicals by human cytochrome P-450 enzymes
    • Guengerich, F.P., and T. Shimada: Oxidation of toxic and carcinogenic chemicals by human cytochrome P-450 enzymes. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 4:391-407 (1991).
    • (1991) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.4 , pp. 391-407
    • Guengerich, F.P.1    Shimada, T.2
  • 5
    • 0031743133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicokinetics of organic solvents: A review of modifying factors
    • Lof, A., and G. Johanson: Toxicokinetics of organic solvents: A review of modifying factors. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 28:571-650 (1998).
    • (1998) Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , vol.28 , pp. 571-650
    • Lof, A.1    Johanson, G.2
  • 7
    • 0029016437 scopus 로고
    • Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of a mixture of toluene and xylene in humans
    • Tardif, R.,S. Lapare, G. Charest-Tardif, J. Brodeur, and K. Krishnan: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of a mixture of toluene and xylene in humans. Risk Anal. 15:335-342 (1995).
    • (1995) Risk Anal. , vol.15 , pp. 335-342
    • Tardif, R.1    Lapare, S.2    Charest-Tardif, G.3    Brodeur, J.4    Krishnan, K.5
  • 8
    • 0031241875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ethanol on toluene metabolism in man
    • Imbriani, M., and S. Ghittori: Effects of ethanol on toluene metabolism in man. G. Ital. Med. Lav. Ergon. 19:177-181 (1997).
    • (1997) G. Ital. Med. Lav. Ergon. , vol.19 , pp. 177-181
    • Imbriani, M.1    Ghittori, S.2
  • 9
    • 0031149782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of a ternary mixture of alkyl benzenes in rats and humans
    • Tardif, R., G. Charest-Tardif, J. Brodeur, and K. Krishnan: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of a ternary mixture of alkyl benzenes in rats and humans. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 144:120-134 (1997).
    • (1997) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.144 , pp. 120-134
    • Tardif, R.1    Charest-Tardif, G.2    Brodeur, J.3    Krishnan, K.4
  • 10
    • 0033572851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological modeling of the toxicokinetic interactions in a quaternary mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons
    • Haddad, S., R. Tardif, G. Charest-Tardif, and K. Krishnan: Physiological modeling of the toxicokinetic interactions in a quaternary mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 161:249-251 (1999).
    • (1999) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.161 , pp. 249-251
    • Haddad, S.1    Tardif, R.2    Charest-Tardif, G.3    Krishnan, K.4
  • 11
    • 0034724737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of biokinetic interactions in chemical mixtures using real-time breath analysis and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling
    • Thrall, K.D., and T.S. Poet: Determination of biokinetic interactions in chemical mixtures using real-time breath analysis and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 59:653-670 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , vol.59 , pp. 653-670
    • Thrall, K.D.1    Poet, T.S.2
  • 12
    • 0028930174 scopus 로고
    • Chloroethylene mixtures: Pharmacokinetic modeling and in-vitro metabolism of vinyl-chloride, trichloroethylene, and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene in rat
    • Barton, H.A., J.R. Creech, C.S. Godin, G.M. Randall, and C.S. Seckel: Chloroethylene mixtures: Pharmacokinetic modeling and in-vitro metabolism of vinyl-chloride, trichloroethylene, and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene in rat. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 130:237-247 (1995).
    • (1995) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.130 , pp. 237-247
    • Barton, H.A.1    Creech, J.R.2    Godin, C.S.3    Randall, G.M.4    Seckel, C.S.5
  • 13
    • 0029971959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploration of an interaction threshold for the joint toxicity of trichloroethylene and 1,1-dichloroethylene: Utilization of a PBPK model
    • El Masri, H.A., J.D. Tessari, and R.S.H. Yang: Exploration of an interaction threshold for the joint toxicity of trichloroethylene and 1,1-dichloroethylene: Utilization of a PBPK model. Arch. Toxicol 70:527-539 (1996).
    • (1996) Arch. Toxicol. , vol.70 , pp. 527-539
    • El Masri, H.A.1    Tessari, J.D.2    Yang, R.S.H.3
  • 14
    • 0023195488 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative evaluation of the metabolic interactions between trichloroethylene and 1,1-dichloroethylene in vivo using gas uptake methods
    • Andersen, M.E., M.L. Gargas, H.J. Clewell, and K.M. Severyn: Quantitative evaluation of the metabolic interactions between trichloroethylene and 1,1-dichloroethylene in vivo using gas uptake methods. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 89:149-157 (1987).
    • (1987) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.89 , pp. 149-157
    • Andersen, M.E.1    Gargas, M.L.2    Clewell, H.J.3    Severyn, K.M.4
  • 15
    • 0031080471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the relevance of rodent data on chemical interactions for health risk assessment purposes: A case study with dichloromethane-toluene mixture
    • Pelekis, M., and K. Krishnan: Assessing the relevance of rodent data on chemical interactions for health risk assessment purposes: a case study with dichloromethane-toluene mixture. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 25:79-86 (1997).
    • (1997) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.25 , pp. 79-86
    • Pelekis, M.1    Krishnan, K.2
  • 16
    • 84964217585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air contaminants
    • Title 29, Part 1910.1000
    • Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): "Air Contaminants." Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Part 1910.1000 (2004).
    • (2004) Code of Federal Regulations
  • 19
    • 0002581828 scopus 로고
    • The status of interactions data in risk assessment of chemical mixtures
    • J. Saxena (ed.): Washington, D.C.: Taylor and Francis
    • Mumtaz, M.M., and R.C. Hertzberg: The status of interactions data in risk assessment of chemical mixtures. In Hazard Assessment of Chemicals, Vol. 8, J. Saxena (ed.): Washington, D.C.: Taylor and Francis, 1993. pp. 47-79.
    • (1993) Hazard Assessment of Chemicals , vol.8 , pp. 47-79
    • Mumtaz, M.M.1    Hertzberg, R.C.2
  • 21
    • 0027828698 scopus 로고
    • A pharmacokinetic model to describe toxicokinetic interactions between 1,3-butadiene and styrene in rats: Predictions for human exposure
    • IARC Scientific Publication No. 127, M. Sorsa, K. Peltonen, H. Vainio, and K. Hemminki (eds.). Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer
    • Filser, J.G., G. Johanson, W. Kessler, P.E. Kreuzer, P. Stei, C. Baur, and G.A. Csanady: A pharmacokinetic model to describe toxicokinetic interactions between 1,3-butadiene and styrene in rats: Predictions for human exposure. In Butadiene and Styrene: Assessment of Health Hazards. IARC Scientific Publication No. 127, M. Sorsa, K. Peltonen, H. Vainio, and K. Hemminki (eds.). Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1993. pp. 65-78.
    • (1993) Butadiene and Styrene: Assessment of Health Hazards , pp. 65-78
    • Filser, J.G.1    Johanson, G.2    Kessler, W.3    Kreuzer, P.E.4    Stei, P.5    Baur, C.6    Csanady, G.A.7
  • 22
    • 0023158895 scopus 로고
    • Physiologically based pharmacokinetics and the risk assessment process for methylene chloride
    • Andersen, M.E., H.J. Clewell, M.L. Gargas, F.A. Smith, and R.A. Reitz: Physiologically based pharmacokinetics and the risk assessment process for methylene chloride. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 57:185-205 (1987).
    • (1987) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.57 , pp. 185-205
    • Andersen, M.E.1    Clewell, H.J.2    Gargas, M.L.3    Smith, F.A.4    Reitz, R.A.5
  • 23
    • 0025828265 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of benzene carcinogenesis: Application of a physiological model of benzene pharmacokinetics and metabolism
    • Bois, F.Y., M.T. Smith, and R.C. Spear: Mechanisms of benzene carcinogenesis: Application of a physiological model of benzene pharmacokinetics and metabolism. Toxicol. Lett. 56:283-298 (1991).
    • (1991) Toxicol. Lett. , vol.56 , pp. 283-298
    • Bois, F.Y.1    Smith, M.T.2    Spear, R.C.3
  • 24
    • 0003672085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (EPA/600/P-92/003C). Washington D.C.: USEPA
    • United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA): Proposed guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment (EPA/600/P-92/003C). Washington D.C.: USEPA, 1996.
    • (1996) Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment
  • 25
    • 0032847264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A modeling approach to account for toxicokinetic interactions in the calculation of biological hazard index for chemical mixtures
    • Haddad, S., R. Tardif, C. Viau, and K. Krishnan: A modeling approach to account for toxicokinetic interactions in the calculation of biological hazard index for chemical mixtures. Toxicol. Lett. 108:303-308 (1999).
    • (1999) Toxicol. Lett. , vol.108 , pp. 303-308
    • Haddad, S.1    Tardif, R.2    Viau, C.3    Krishnan, K.4
  • 27
    • 0034874732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A PBPK modeling-based approach to account for interactions in the health risk assessment of chemical mixtures
    • Haddad, S., M. Beliveau, R. Tardif, and K. Krishnan: A PBPK modeling-based approach to account for interactions in the health risk assessment of chemical mixtures. Toxicol. Sci. 63:125-131 (2001).
    • (2001) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.63 , pp. 125-131
    • Haddad, S.1    Beliveau, M.2    Tardif, R.3    Krishnan, K.4
  • 28
    • 0027213550 scopus 로고
    • Effect of various exposure scenarios on the biological monitoring of organic solvents in alveolar air. I. Toluene and m-xylene
    • Lapare, S., R. Tardif, and J. Brodeur: Effect of various exposure scenarios on the biological monitoring of organic solvents in alveolar air. I. Toluene and m-xylene. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 64:569-580 (1993).
    • (1993) Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , vol.64 , pp. 569-580
    • Lapare, S.1    Tardif, R.2    Brodeur, J.3
  • 29
    • 0024119212 scopus 로고
    • Urinary concentration, environmental concentration, and respiratory uptake of some solvents: Effect of the work load
    • Pezzagno, G., M. Imbriani, S. Ghittori, and E. Capodaglio: Urinary concentration, environmental concentration, and respiratory uptake of some solvents: Effect of the work load. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 49:546-552 (1988).
    • (1988) Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , vol.49 , pp. 546-552
    • Pezzagno, G.1    Imbriani, M.2    Ghittori, S.3    Capodaglio, E.4
  • 30
    • 0025034788 scopus 로고
    • Toluene in alveolar air during controlled exposure to constant and to varying concentrations
    • Baelum, J.: Toluene in alveolar air during controlled exposure to constant and to varying concentrations. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 62:59-64 (1990).
    • (1990) Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , vol.62 , pp. 59-64
    • Baelum, J.1
  • 32
    • 0021811353 scopus 로고
    • Coexposure to toluene and p-xylene in man: Central nervous functions
    • Olson, B.A., F. Gamberale, and A. Iregren: Coexposure to toluene and p-xylene in man: Central nervous functions. Br. J. Ind. Med. 42:17-122 (1985).
    • (1985) Br. J. Ind. Med. , vol.42 , pp. 17-122
    • Olson, B.A.1    Gamberale, F.2    Iregren, A.3
  • 33
    • 13144286195 scopus 로고
    • Human sensory response to selected petroleum hydrocarbons
    • H.N. MacFarland (ed.). Princeton: Princeton Scientific
    • Hastings, L., G.P. Cooper, and W. Burg: Human sensory response to selected petroleum hydrocarbons. In Advances in Modern Environmental Toxicology. Vol. 6. H.N. MacFarland (ed.). Princeton: Princeton Scientific. 1986. pp. 255-270.
    • (1986) Advances in Modern Environmental Toxicology , vol.6 , pp. 255-270
    • Hastings, L.1    Cooper, G.P.2    Burg, W.3
  • 34
    • 15444374416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service
    • Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR): Interaction profile for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene. and xylenes (BTEX). Allanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service, 2001.
    • (2001) Interaction Profile for Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene. and Xylenes (BTEX)
  • 35
    • 0029006461 scopus 로고
    • Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for acetone
    • Kumagai, S., and I. Matsunaga: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for acetone. Occup. Environ. Med. 52:44-352 (1995).
    • (1995) Occup. Environ. Med. , vol.52 , pp. 44-352
    • Kumagai, S.1    Matsunaga, I.2
  • 36
    • 0021740236 scopus 로고
    • Urinary disposition of ethylbenzene and m-xylene in man following separate and combined exposure
    • Engstrom, K., V. Riihimaki, and A. Laine: Urinary disposition of ethylbenzene and m-xylene in man following separate and combined exposure. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 54:55-363 (1984).
    • (1984) Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , vol.54 , pp. 55-363
    • Engstrom, K.1    Riihimaki, V.2    Laine, A.3
  • 37
    • 0027426982 scopus 로고
    • A descriptive and mechanistic study of the interaction between toluene and xylene in humans
    • Tardif, R., S. Lapare, K. Krishnan, and J. Brodeur: A descriptive and mechanistic study of the interaction between toluene and xylene in humans. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 65:135-137 (1993).
    • (1993) Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , vol.65 , pp. 135-137
    • Tardif, R.1    Lapare, S.2    Krishnan, K.3    Brodeur, J.4
  • 38
    • 0031657276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro screening for metabolic interactions among frequently occurring binary mixtures of volatile organic chemicals in Norwegian occupational atmosphere
    • Mortensen, B., P.O. Osvoll, T. Woldbaek, K. Zahlsen, I. Eide, and O.G. Nilsen: In vitro screening for metabolic interactions among frequently occurring binary mixtures of volatile organic chemicals in Norwegian occupational atmosphere. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 83:49-56 (1998).
    • (1998) Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.83 , pp. 49-56
    • Mortensen, B.1    Osvoll, P.O.2    Woldbaek, T.3    Zahlsen, K.4    Eide, I.5    Nilsen, O.G.6
  • 39
    • 0011293647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sacramento. Calif.: OEHHA
    • Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology Section, California Environmental Protection Agency (OEHHA): Public Health Goal for Xylene in Drinking Water. Sacramento. Calif.: OEHHA, 1997.
    • (1997) Public Health Goal for Xylene in Drinking Water
  • 40
    • 0141458234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the pharmacokinetics of gasoline using PBPK modeling with a complex mixtures chemical lumping approach
    • Dennison, J.E., M.E. Andersen, and R.S. Yang: Characterization of the pharmacokinetics of gasoline using PBPK modeling with a complex mixtures chemical lumping approach. Inhal. Toxicol. 15:961-986 (2003).
    • (2003) Inhal. Toxicol. , vol.15 , pp. 961-986
    • Dennison, J.E.1    Andersen, M.E.2    Yang, R.S.3
  • 41
    • 0023921356 scopus 로고
    • Spreadsheet programming a new approach in physiologically based modeling of solvent toxicokinetics
    • Johanson, G., and P.H. Naslund: Spreadsheet programming a new approach in physiologically based modeling of solvent toxicokinetics. Toxicol. Lett. 41:115-127 (1988).
    • (1988) Toxicol. Lett. , vol.41 , pp. 115-127
    • Johanson, G.1    Naslund, P.H.2
  • 42
    • 0029871040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A methodology for solving physiologically based pharmacokinetic models without the use of simulation softwares
    • Haddad, S., M. Pelekis, and K. Krishnan: A methodology for solving physiologically based pharmacokinetic models without the use of simulation softwares. Toxicol. Lett. 85:113-126 (1996).
    • (1996) Toxicol. Lett. , vol.85 , pp. 113-126
    • Haddad, S.1    Pelekis, M.2    Krishnan, K.3
  • 43
    • 0032727969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiologically based toxicokinetic modeling of inhaled ethyl tertiary-butyl ether in humans
    • Nihlen, A., and G. Johanson: Physiologically based toxicokinetic modeling of inhaled ethyl tertiary-butyl ether in humans. Toxicol. Sci. 51: 184-194 (1999).
    • (1999) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.51 , pp. 184-194
    • Nihlen, A.1    Johanson, G.2
  • 44
    • 0026035519 scopus 로고
    • Role of human cytochrome P-450 IIE1 in the oxidation of many low molecular weight cancer suspects
    • Guengerich, F.P., D.H. Kim, and M. Iwasaki: Role of human cytochrome P-450 IIE1 in the oxidation of many low molecular weight cancer suspects. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 4:168-179 (1991).
    • (1991) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.4 , pp. 168-179
    • Guengerich, F.P.1    Kim, D.H.2    Iwasaki, M.3
  • 46
    • 15444379334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicokinetic models: Where we've been and where we need to go!
    • Andersen, M.E., and J.E. Dennison: Toxicokinetic models: Where we've been and where we need to go! Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. 8:1375-1395 (2002).
    • (2002) Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. , vol.8 , pp. 1375-1395
    • Andersen, M.E.1    Dennison, J.E.2
  • 47
    • 2542568690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issues in exposure and dose assessment for epidemiology and risk assessment
    • Smith, T.J.: Issues in exposure and dose assessment for epidemiology and risk assessment. Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. 8:1267-1294 (2002).
    • (2002) Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. , vol.8 , pp. 1267-1294
    • Smith, T.J.1
  • 48
    • 1542346367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic approaches for mixture risk assessments-Present capabilities with simple mixtures and future directions
    • Andersen, M.E., and J.E. Dennison: Mechanistic approaches for mixture risk assessments-Present capabilities with simple mixtures and future directions. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 16:1-11 (2004).
    • (2004) Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.16 , pp. 1-11
    • Andersen, M.E.1    Dennison, J.E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.