메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 110, Issue 10, 2002, Pages 1031-1039

In silico toxicology: Simulating interaction thresholds for human exposure to mixtures of trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane

Author keywords

Chemical mixtures; Computational toxicology; in silico toxicology; Interaction thresholds; Metabolic interaction; Methylchloroform; Occupational exposure; PBPK modeling; Tetrachloroethylene; Trichloroethylene

Indexed keywords

1,1,1 TRICHLOROETHANE; GLUTATHIONE; ORGANIC SOLVENT; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; TRICHLOROETHYLENE;

EID: 0036797822     PISSN: 00916765     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.021101031     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (50)

References (51)
  • 1
    • 0003507577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2000 TLVs and BEls: Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices
    • ACGIH. Cincinnati, OH:ACGIH
    • ACGIH. 2000. 2000 TLVs and BEls: Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH:ACGIH.
    • (2000)
  • 2
    • 0031748545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutathione-dependent bioactivation of haloalkanes
    • Anders MW, Dekant W. 1998. Glutathione-dependent bioactivation of haloalkanes. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 38:501-537.
    • (1998) Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol , vol.38 , pp. 501-537
    • Anders, M.W.1    Dekant, W.2
  • 3
    • 0019792616 scopus 로고
    • A physiologically based toxicokinetic description of the metabolism of inhaled gases and vapors: Analysis at steady state
    • Andersen ME. 1981. A physiologically based toxicokinetic description of the metabolism of inhaled gases and vapors: Analysis at steady state. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 60:509-526.
    • (1981) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , vol.60 , pp. 509-526
    • Andersen, M.E.1
  • 4
    • 0023195488 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative evaluation of the metabolic interactions between trichloroethylene and 1,1-dichloroethylene in vivo using gas uptake methods
    • Andersen ME, Gargas ML, Clewell HJ III, Severyn KM. 1987. Quantitative evaluation of the metabolic interactions between trichloroethylene and 1,1-dichloroethylene in vivo using gas uptake methods. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 89:149-157.
    • (1987) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , vol.89 , pp. 149-157
    • Andersen, M.E.1    Gargas, M.L.2    Clewell H.J. III3    Severyn, K.M.4
  • 5
    • 67349127199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CERCLA Priority List of Hazardous Substances that will be the Subject of Toxicological Profiles
    • ATSDR. (Support Document). Atlanta, GA:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
    • ATSDR. 1997. CERCLA Priority List of Hazardous Substances that will be the Subject of Toxicological Profiles (Support Document). Atlanta, GA:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.
    • (1997)
  • 6
    • 0033947281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating non-cancer effects of trichloroethylene: Dosimetry, mode of action, and risk assessment
    • Barton HA, Clewell HJ. 2000. Evaluating non-cancer effects of trichloroethylene: dosimetry, mode of action, and risk assessment. Environ Health Perspect 108(suppl 2):323-334.
    • (2000) Environ Health Perspect , vol.108 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 323-334
    • Barton, H.A.1    Clewell, H.J.2
  • 7
    • 0028930174 scopus 로고
    • Chloroethylene mixtures: Pharmacokinetic modeling and in vitro metabolism of vinyl chloride, trichloroethylene, and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene in rat
    • Barton HA, Creech JR, Godin CS, Randall GM, Seckel CS. 1995. Chloroethylene mixtures: pharmacokinetic modeling and in vitro metabolism of vinyl chloride, trichloroethylene, and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene in rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 130:237-247.
    • (1995) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , vol.130 , pp. 237-247
    • Barton, H.A.1    Creech, J.R.2    Godin, C.S.3    Randall, G.M.4    Seckel, C.S.5
  • 8
    • 0030446471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternatives for a risk assessment on chronic non-cancer effects from oral exposure to trichloroethylene
    • Barton HA, Das S. 1996. Alternatives for a risk assessment on chronic non-cancer effects from oral exposure to trichloroethylene. Reg Toxicol and Pharmacol 24:269-285.
    • (1996) Reg. Toxicol. and Pharmacol , vol.24 , pp. 269-285
    • Barton, H.A.1    Das, S.2
  • 9
    • 0029912279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotransformation of trichloroethylene: Dose-dependent excretion of 2,2,2-trichlorometabolites and mercapturic acids in rats and humans after inhalation
    • Bernauer U, Birner G, Dekant W, Henschler D. 1996. Biotransformation of trichloroethylene: dose-dependent excretion of 2,2,2-trichlorometabolites and mercapturic acids in rats and humans after inhalation. Arch Toxicol 70:338-346.
    • (1996) Arch. Toxicol , vol.70 , pp. 338-346
    • Bernauer, U.1    Birner, G.2    Dekant, W.3    Henschler, D.4
  • 11
    • 0031080141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trichloroethylene cancer risk: Simplified calculation of PBPK-based MCLs for cytotoxic end-points
    • Bogen KT, Gold LS. 1997. Trichloroethylene cancer risk: simplified calculation of PBPK-based MCLs for cytotoxic end-points. Reg Toxicol Pharmacol 25:26-42.
    • (1997) Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol , vol.25 , pp. 26-42
    • Bogen, K.T.1    Gold, L.S.2
  • 12
    • 1642633556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal toxicity and carcinogenicity of trichloroethylene: Key results, mechanisms, and controversies
    • Bruening T, Bolt HM. 2000. Renal toxicity and carcinogenicity of trichloroethylene: key results, mechanisms, and controversies. Crit Rev Toxicol 30:253-285.
    • (2000) Crit. Rev. Toxicol , vol.30 , pp. 253-285
    • Bruening, T.1    Bolt, H.M.2
  • 13
    • 0033947603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mode of action of liver tumor induction by trichloroethylene and its metabolites, trichloroacetate and dichloroacetate
    • Bull RJ. 2000. Mode of action of liver tumor induction by trichloroethylene and its metabolites, trichloroacetate and dichloroacetate. Environ Health Perspect 108:241-259.
    • (2000) Environ. Health Perspect , vol.108 , pp. 241-259
    • Bull, R.J.1
  • 14
    • 0343090508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of trichloroethylene and its metabolites for use in risk assessment
    • Clewell HJ, Gentry PR, Covington TR, Gearhart JM. 2000. Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of trichloroethylene and its metabolites for use in risk assessment. Environ Health Perspect 108:283-305.
    • (2000) Environ. Health Perspect , vol.108 , pp. 283-305
    • Clewell, H.J.1    Gentry, P.R.2    Covington, T.R.3    Gearhart, J.M.4
  • 15
    • 0035031341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing interactions thresholds for trichloroethylene in combination with tetrachloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane using gas uptake studies and PBPK modeling
    • Dobrev ID, Andersen ME, Yang RSH. 2001. Assessing interactions thresholds for trichloroethylene in combination with tetrachloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane using gas uptake studies and PBPK modeling. Arch Toxicol 75:134-144.
    • (2001) Arch. Toxicol , vol.75 , pp. 134-144
    • Dobrev, I.D.1    Andersen, M.E.2    Yang, R.S.H.3
  • 16
    • 0024399209 scopus 로고
    • Variability in biological monitoring of solvent exposure. I. Application of a population physiological model
    • Droz P, Wu M, Cumberland W. 1989. Variability in biological monitoring of solvent exposure. I. Application of a population physiological model. Br J Ind Med 46:547-548.
    • (1989) Br. J. Ind. Med , vol.46 , pp. 547-548
    • Droz, P.1    Wu, M.2    Cumberland, W.3
  • 17
    • 0030297476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of an interaction threshold between trichloroethylene and 1,1-dichloroethylene in Fischer 344 rats
    • El-Masri HA, Constan AA, Ramsdell HS, Yang RSH. 1996a. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of an interaction threshold between trichloroethylene and 1,1-dichloroethylene in Fischer 344 rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 141:124-132.
    • (1996) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , vol.141 , pp. 124-132
    • El-Masri, H.A.1    Constan, A.A.2    Ramsdell, H.S.3    Yang, R.S.H.4
  • 18
    • 0029971959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrapolation of an interaction threshold for the joint toxicity of trichloroethylene and 1,1-dichloroethylene: Utilization of a PBPK model
    • El-Masri HA, Tessari JD, Yang RSH. 1996b. Extrapolation of an interaction threshold for the joint toxicity of trichloroethylene and 1,1-dichloroethylene: utilization of a PBPK model. Arch Toxicol 70:527-539.
    • (1996) Arch. Toxicol , vol.70 , pp. 527-539
    • El-Masri, H.A.1    Tessari, J.D.2    Yang, R.S.H.3
  • 19
    • 0029803319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of the toxicologic interaction between carbon tetrachloride and kepone
    • El-Masri HA, Thomas RS, Sabados GR, Phillips JK, Constan AA, Benjamin SA, et al. 1996c. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of the toxicologic interaction between carbon tetrachloride and kepone. Arch Toxicol 70:704-713.
    • (1996) Arch. Toxicol , vol.70 , pp. 704-713
    • El-Masri, H.A.1    Thomas, R.S.2    Sabados, G.R.3    Phillips, J.K.4    Constan, A.A.5    Benjamin, S.A.6
  • 20
    • 0017273843 scopus 로고
    • Experimental human exposure to tetrachloroethylene vapor and elimination in breath after inhalation
    • Fernandez J, Guberan E, Caperos J. 1976. Experimental human exposure to tetrachloroethylene vapor and elimination in breath after inhalation. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 37:143-150.
    • (1976) Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J , vol.37 , pp. 143-150
    • Fernandez, J.1    Guberan, E.2    Caperos, J.3
  • 21
    • 0033934377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for trichloroethylene and its oxidative metabolites
    • Fisher JW. 2000. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for trichloroethylene and its oxidative metabolites. Environ Health Perspect 108:265-273.
    • (2000) Environ. Health Perspect , vol.108 , pp. 265-273
    • Fisher, J.W.1
  • 22
    • 0032192157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A human physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for trichloroethylene and its metabolites, trichloroacetic acid and free trichloroethanol
    • Fisher JW, Mahle D, Abbas R. 1998. A human physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for trichloroethylene and its metabolites, trichloroacetic acid and free trichloroethanol. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 152:339-359.
    • (1998) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , vol.152 , pp. 339-359
    • Fisher, J.W.1    Mahle, D.2    Abbas, R.3
  • 23
    • 0022872403 scopus 로고
    • A physiologically based simulation approach for determining metabolic constants from gas uptake data
    • Gargas ML, Andersen ME, Clewell HJ III. 1986. A physiologically based simulation approach for determining metabolic constants from gas uptake data. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 86:341-352.
    • (1986) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , vol.86 , pp. 341-352
    • Gargas, M.L.1    Andersen, M.E.2    Clewell H.J. III3
  • 24
    • 0001656675 scopus 로고
    • Gas uptake inhalation techniques and the rates of metabolism of chloromethanes, chloroethanes, and chloroethylenes in the rat
    • Gargas ML, Clewell HJ III, Andersen ME. 1990. Gas uptake inhalation techniques and the rates of metabolism of chloromethanes, chloroethanes, and chloroethylenes in the rat. Inhal Toxicol 2:295-319.
    • (1990) Inhal. Toxicol , vol.2 , pp. 295-319
    • Gargas, M.L.1    Clewell H.J. III2    Andersen, M.E.3
  • 25
    • 0030800178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of glutathione conjugation in the development of kidney tumors in rats exposed to trichloroethylene
    • Green T, Dow J, Ellis MK, Foster JR, Odum J. 1997. The role of glutathione conjugation in the development of kidney tumors in rats exposed to trichloroethylene. Chem Biol Interact 105:99-117.
    • (1997) Chem. Biol. Interact , vol.105 , pp. 99-117
    • Green, T.1    Dow, J.2    Ellis, M.K.3    Foster, J.R.4    Odum, J.5
  • 26
    • 0034874732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A PBPK modeling-based approach to account for interactions in the health risk assessment of chemical mixtures
    • Haddad S, Beliveau M, Tardif R, Krishnan K. 2001. A PBPK modeling-based approach to account for interactions in the health risk assessment of chemical mixtures. Toxicol Sciences 63:125-131.
    • (2001) Toxicol. Sciences , vol.63 , pp. 125-131
    • Haddad, S.1    Beliveau, M.2    Tardif, R.3    Krishnan, K.4
  • 27
    • 0028929211 scopus 로고
    • Increased incidence of renal cell cancer tumors in a cohort of cardboard workers exposed to trichloroethylene
    • Henschler D, Vamvakas S, Lammert M, Dekant W, Kraus B, et al. 1995. Increased incidence of renal cell cancer tumors in a cohort of cardboard workers exposed to trichloroethylene. Arch Toxicol 69:291-299.
    • (1995) Arch. Toxicol , vol.69 , pp. 291-299
    • Henschler, D.1    Vamvakas, S.2    Lammert, M.3    Dekant, W.4    Kraus, B.5
  • 29
    • 0031008995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic differences in biological monitoring of several organic solvents. I. Human exposure experiment
    • Jang J-Y, Droz PO, Berode M. 1997. Ethnic differences in biological monitoring of several organic solvents. I. Human exposure experiment. Int Arch Environ Health 69:343-349.
    • (1997) Int. Arch. Environ. Health , vol.69 , pp. 343-349
    • Jang, J.-Y.1    Droz, P.O.2    Berode, M.3
  • 30
    • 0032814749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainties in physiologically based pharmacokinetic models caused by several input parameters
    • Jang JY, Droz PO, Chung HK. 1999a. Uncertainties in physiologically based pharmacokinetic models caused by several input parameters. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 72:247-254.
    • (1999) Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , vol.72 , pp. 247-254
    • Jang, J.Y.1    Droz, P.O.2    Chung, H.K.3
  • 31
    • 0035146131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological monitoring of workers exposed to ethylbenzene and co-exposed to xylene
    • Jang JY, Droz PO, Kim S. 2001. Biological monitoring of workers exposed to ethylbenzene and co-exposed to xylene. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 74:31-37
    • (2001) Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , vol.74 , pp. 31-37
    • Jang, J.Y.1    Droz, P.O.2    Kim, S.3
  • 32
    • 0032973510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of bilogical monitoring to the quantitative exposure assessment for neuropsychological effects by chronic exposure to organic solvents
    • Jang JY, Lee SY, Kim JI, Park JB, Lee KJ, Chung HK. 1999b. Application of bilogical monitoring to the quantitative exposure assessment for neuropsychological effects by chronic exposure to organic solvents. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 72:107-114.
    • (1999) Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , vol.72 , pp. 107-114
    • Jang, J.Y.1    Lee, S.Y.2    Kim, J.I.3    Park, J.B.4    Lee, K.J.5    Chung, H.K.6
  • 34
    • 0028608120 scopus 로고
    • Physiologically based pharmacokinetic analysis of simple mixtures
    • Krishnan K, Clewell HJ III, Andersen ME. 1994b. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic analysis of simple mixtures Environ Health Perspect 102(suppl 9):151-155.
    • (1994) Environ. Health Perspect , vol.102 , Issue.SUPPL. 9 , pp. 151-155
    • Krishnan, K.1    Clewell H.J. III2    Andersen, M.E.3
  • 36
    • 0018404281 scopus 로고
    • Difference in uptake, elimination, and metabolism in exposure to trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and tetrachloroethylene
    • Monster AC. 1979. Difference in uptake, elimination, and metabolism in exposure to trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and tetrachloroethylene. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 42:311-317.
    • (1979) Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , vol.42 , pp. 311-317
    • Monster, A.C.1
  • 37
    • 0018373103 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of tetrachloroethane in volounteers: Influence of exposure concentration and workload
    • Monster AC, Boersma G, Steenweg H. 1979. Kinetics of tetrachloroethane in volounteers: influence of exposure concentration and workload. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 42:303-309.
    • (1979) Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , vol.42 , pp. 303-309
    • Monster, A.C.1    Boersma, G.2    Steenweg, H.3
  • 39
    • 77957181114 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics and metabolism of inhaled methyl chloroform (1,1,1-trichloroethane) in male volounteers
    • Nolan RJ, Freshour NL, Rick DL, McCarty L, Saunders JH. 1984. Kinetics and metabolism of inhaled methyl chloroform (1,1,1-trichloroethane) in male volounteers. Fund Appl Toxicol 4:654-662.
    • (1984) Fund. Appl. Toxicol , vol.4 , pp. 654-662
    • Nolan, R.J.1    Freshour, N.L.2    Rick, D.L.3    McCarty, L.4    Saunders, J.H.5
  • 40
    • 0035266180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clonal growth model: Time-course simulations of liver feel growth following penta- or hexa-chlorobenzene treatment in a medium-term bioassay
    • Ou YC, Connelly, RB, Thomas RS, Xu Y, Andersen ME, Chubb L, et al. 2001. A clonal growth model: time-course simulations of liver feel growth following penta- or hexa-chlorobenzene treatment in a medium-term bioassay. Cancer Res. 61:1879-1889.
    • (2001) Cancer Res , vol.61 , pp. 1879-1889
    • Ou, Y.C.1    Connelly, R.B.2    Thomas, R.S.3    Xu, Y.4    Andersen, M.E.5    Chubb, L.6
  • 42
    • 0031080471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the relevance of rodent data on chemical interactions for health risk assessment purposes: A case study with dichloromethane-toluene mixture
    • Pelekis M, Krishnan K. 1997. Assessing the relevance of rodent data on chemical interactions for health risk assessment purposes: a case study with dichloromethane-toluene mixture. Reg Toxicol Pharmacol l25:79-86.
    • (1997) Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol , vol.125 , pp. 79-86
    • Pelekis, M.1    Krishnan, K.2
  • 43
    • 0030068148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo and in vitro studies of perchloroethylene metabolism for physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling in rats, mice, and humans
    • Reitz RH, Gargas ML, Mendrala AL, Schumann AM. 1996. In vivo and in vitro studies of perchloroethylene metabolism for physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling in rats, mice, and humans. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 136:289-306.
    • (1996) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , vol.136 , pp. 289-306
    • Reitz, R.H.1    Gargas, M.L.2    Mendrala, A.L.3    Schumann, A.M.4
  • 44
    • 0023762297 scopus 로고
    • Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling with methylchloroform: Implications for interspecies, high dose/low dose, and dose route extrapolations
    • Reitz RH, McDougal JN, Nolan RJ, Schumann AM. 1988. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling with methylchloroform: implications for interspecies, high dose/low dose, and dose route extrapolations. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 95:185-199.
    • (1988) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , vol.95 , pp. 185-199
    • Reitz, R.H.1    McDougal, J.N.2    Nolan, R.J.3    Schumann, A.M.4
  • 45
    • 0033059409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of measured end-points in demonstrating the occurrence of interations: A case study with methylchloroform and m-xylene
    • Tardif R, Charest-Tardif G. 1999. The importance of measured end-points in demonstrating the occurrence of interations: A case study with methylchloroform and m-xylene. Toxicol Sciences 49:312-317.
    • (1999) Toxicol. Sciences , vol.49 , pp. 312-317
    • Tardif, R.1    Charest-Tardif, G.2
  • 46
    • 0029016437 scopus 로고
    • Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling of a mixture of toluene and xylene in humans
    • Tardif R, Lapare S, Charest-Tardif G, Brodeur J, Krishnan K. 1995. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling of a mixture of toluene and xylene in humans. Risk Anal 15:335-342.
    • (1995) Risk Anal , vol.15 , pp. 335-342
    • Tardif, R.1    Lapare, S.2    Charest-Tardif, G.3    Brodeur, J.4    Krishnan, K.5
  • 47
    • 0027319124 scopus 로고
    • Physiologically based modeling of the toxicokinetic interation between toluene and m-xylene in the rat
    • Tardif R, Lapare S, Krishnan K, Brodeur K. 1993. Physiologically based modeling of the toxicokinetic interation between toluene and m-xylene in the rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 120:266-273.
    • (1993) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , vol.120 , pp. 266-273
    • Tardif, R.1    Lapare, S.2    Krishnan, K.3    Brodeur, K.4
  • 48
    • 0030069951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in biological exposure indices using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling and Monte Carlo simulation
    • Thomas RS, Bigelow PL, Keefe TJ, Yang RSH. 1996a. Variability in biological exposure indices using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling and Monte Carlo simulation. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 57:23-32.
    • (1996) Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J , vol.57 , pp. 23-32
    • Thomas, R.S.1    Bigelow, P.L.2    Keefe, T.J.3    Yang, R.S.H.4
  • 49
    • 16044365170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PBPK modeling/Monte Carlo simulation of methylene chloride kinetic changes in mice in relation to age and acute, subchronic, and chronic inhalation exposure
    • Thomas RS, Yang RSH, Morgan DG, Moorman MP, Kermani HRS, Sloane RA et al. 1996b. PBPK modeling/Monte Carlo simulation of methylene chloride kinetic changes in mice in relation to age and acute, subchronic, and chronic inhalation exposure. Environ Health Perspect 104:858-865.
    • (1996) Environ. Health Perspect , vol.104 , pp. 858-865
    • Thomas, R.S.1    Yang, R.S.H.2    Morgan, D.G.3    Moorman, M.P.4    Kermani, H.R.S.5    Sloane, R.A.6
  • 51
    • 0033920979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure assessment of trichloroethylene
    • Wu C, Schaum J. 2000. Exposure assessment of trichloroethylene. Environ Health Perspect 108:359-363.
    • (2000) Environ. Health Perspect , vol.108 , pp. 359-363
    • Wu, C.1    Schaum, J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.