Temperature-induced switching of the mechanism for intramolecular energy transfer in a 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine-based Ru(II)-Os(II) trinuclear array

Journal of the American Chemical Society

Volumn 127, Issue 8, 2005, Pages 2553-2564

  Benniston, Andrew C ^a   Harriman, Anthony ^a   Li, Peiyi ^a   Sams, Craig A ^a  

^a NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARRAYS; CHARGE TRANSFER; ENERGY TRANSFER; GROUND STATE; PROBABILITY; SYNTHESIS (CHEMICAL); THERMAL EFFECTS;

DEXTER-TYPE ELECTRON EXCHANGE; GLASSY MATRIX; PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; SUPEREXCHANGE INTERACTIONS;

RUTHENIUM ALLOYS;

BIPHENYL DERIVATIVE; BIS(2,2':6',2'' TERPYRIDINE)OSMIUM; BIS(2,2':6',2'' TERPYRIDINE)RUTHENIUM; NANOPARTICLE; OSMIUM DERIVATIVE; PYRIDINE DERIVATIVE; RUTHENIUM DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; ELECTRON TRANSPORT; ENERGY TRANSFER; GEOMETRY; HIGH TEMPERATURE; LOW TEMPERATURE; PHOTOREACTIVITY; PROBABILITY; REACTION ANALYSIS; SYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY;

EID: 14744280814     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja044097r     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. (a) Kubatkin, S.; Danilov, A.; Hjort, M.; Cornil, J.; Bredas, J. L.; Stuhr-Hansen, N.; Hedegard, P.; Bjornholm, T. Curr. Appl. Phys. 2004, 4, 554-558.
2. (b) Venturi, M.; Balzani, V.; Ballardini, R.; Credi, A.; Gandolfi, M. T. Int. J. Photoenergy 2004, 6, 1-10.
3. (c) Robertson, N.; McGowan, C. A. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2003, 32, 96-103.
4. (a) Constable, E. C.; Handel, R. W.; Housecroft, C. E.; Morales, A. F.; Flamigni, L.; Barigelletti, F. Dalton Trans. 2003, 1220-1222.
5. (b) Akasaka, T.; Otsuki, J.; Araki, K. Chem.-Eur. J. 2002, 8, 130-136.
6. (c) Pope, S. J. A.; Rice, C. R.; Ward, M. D.; Morales, A. F.; Accorsi, G.; Armaroli, N.; Barigelletti, F. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 2001, 2228-2231.
7. (d) Argazzi, R.; Bertolasi, E.; Chiorboli, C.; Bianozzi, C. A.; Itokazu, M. K.; Iha, N. Y. M. Inorg. Chem. 2001, 40, 6885-6891.
8. (a) Weldon, F.; Hammarstrom, L.; Mukhtar, E.; Hage, R.; Gunneweg, E.; Haasnoot, J. G.; Reedijk, J.; Browne, W. R.; Guckian, A. L.; Vos, J. G. Inorg. Chem. 2004, 43, 4471-4481.
9. (b) Akasaka, T.; Inoue, H.; Kuwabara, M.; Mutai, T.; Otsuki, J.; Araki, K. Dalton Trans. 2003, 815-821.
10. (c) Maubert, B.; McClenaghan, N. D.; Indelli, M. T.; Campagna, S. J. Phys. Chem. A 2003, 107, 447-455.
11. (d) Borje, A.; Kothe, O.; Juris, A. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 2002, 843-848.
12. (e) Bilakhiya, A. K.; Tyagi, B.; Paul, P.; Natarajan, P. Inorg. Chem. 2002, 41, 3830-3842.
13. (f) Hossain, M. D.; Haga, M.; Gholamkhass, B.; Nozaki, K.; Tsuchima, M.; Ikeda, N.; Ohno, T. Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 2001, 66, 307-337.
14. (a) Serroni, S.; Campagna, S.; Puntoriero, F.; Loiseau, F.; Ricevuto, V.; Passalacqua, R.; Galletta, M. C. R. Chimie 2003, 6, 883-893.
15. (b) Fleming, C. N.; Dupray, L. M.; Papanikolas, J. M.; Meyer, T. J. J. Phys. Chem. A 2002, 106, 2328-2334.
16. (c) Baudin, H. B.; Davidsson, J.; Serroni, S.; Juris, A.; Balzani, V.; Campagna, S.; Hammarstrom, L. J. Phys. Chem. A 2002, 106, 4312-4319.
17. (d) Fleming, C. N.; Maxwell, K. A.; DeSimone, J. M.; Meyer, T. J.; Papanikolas, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 10336-10347.
18. (e) Sommovigo, M.; Denti, G.; Serroni, S.; Campagna, S.; Mingazzini, C.; Mariotti, C.; Juris, A. Inorg. Chem. 2001, 40, 3318-3323.
19. (a) Schlicke, B.; Belser, P.; De Cola, L.; Sabbioni, E.; Balzani, V. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4207-4214.
20. (b) Beley, M.; Chodorowski-Kimmes, S.; Collin, J.-P.; Lainé, P.; Launay, J.-P.; Sauvage, J.-P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1775-1778.
21. (c) Barigelletti, F.; Flamigni, L.; Balzani, V.; Collin, J.-P.; Sauvage, J.-P.; Sour, A.; Constable, E. C.; Cargill Thompson, A. M. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7692-7699.
22. (a) El-ghayoury, A.; Harriman, A.; Ziessel, R. J. Phys. Chem. A 2000, 104, 7906-7915.
23. (b) Belser, P.; Dux, R.; Baak, M.; De Cola, L.; Balzani, V. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 595-598.
24. El-ghayoury, A.; Harriman, A.; Khatyr, A.; Ziessel, R. J. Phys. Chem. A 2000, 104, 1512-1523.
25. (a) Encinas, S.; Flamigni, L.; Barigelletti, F.; Constable, E. C.; Housecroft, C. E.; Shofield, E. R.; Figgemeier, E.; Fenske, D.; Neuburger, M.; Vos, J. G.; Zehnder, M. Chem.-Eur. J. 2002, 8, 137-150.
26. (b) Ringenbach, C.; De Nicola, A.; Ziessel, R. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 4708-4719.
27. (d) Harriman, A.; Mayeux, A.; De Nicola, A.; Ziessel, R. Chem. Phys. Phys. Chem. 2002, 4, 2229-2235.
28. (a) Harriman, A.; Khatyr, A.; Ziessel, R.; Benniston, A. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4287-4291.
29. (b) Harriman, A.; Romero, F. M.; Ziessel, R.; Benniston, A. C. J. Phys. Chem. A 1999, 103, 5399-5408.
30. (c) Grosshenny, V.; Harriman, A.; Hissler, M.; Ziessel, R. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1996, 92, 2223-2238.
31. (a) Kelso, L. S.; Smith, T. A.; Schultz, A. C.; Junk, P. C.; Warrener, R. N.; Ghiggino, K. P.; Keene, R. R. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 2000, 2599-2606.
32. (b) Juris, A.; Prodi, L.; Harriman, A.; Ziessel, R.; Hissler, M.; El-ghayoury, A.; Wu, F.; Riesgo, E. C.; Thummel, R. Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 3590-3598.
33. (c) Hammarstrom, L.; Barigelletti, F.; Flamigni, L.; Armaroli, N.; Sour, A.; Collin, J.-P.; Sauvage, J.-P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11972-11973.
34. (a) Tung, C. H.; Zhana, L. P.; Li, Y.; Cao, H.; Tanimoto, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 5348-5354.
35. (b) Benniston, A. C.; Goulle, V.; Harriman, A.; Lehn, J.-M. J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 7798-7804.
36. (a) Hofmeier, H.; Schubert, U. S. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2004, 33, 373-399.
37. (b) Baranoff, E.; Collin, J.-P.; Flamigni, L.; Sauvage, J.-P. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2004, 33, 147-155.
38. (c) Barigelletti, F.; Flamigni, L. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2000, 29, 1-12.
39. (d) Harriman, A.; Ziessel, R. Chem. Commun. 1996, 1707-1716.
40. (a) Peskin, U.; Abu-Hilu, M.; Spieser, S. Opt. Mater. 2003, 24, 23-29.
41. (b) Kyrychenko, A.; Albinsson, B. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2002, 366, 291-299.
42. (c) Hurley, D. J.; Tor, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 13231-13241.
43. (a) Benniston, A. C.; Li, P.; Sams, C. Tetrahedron Lett. 2003, 44, 3947-3950.
44. (b) Benniston, A. C; Harriman, A.; Li, P.; Sams, C. Tetrahedron Lett. 2003, 44, 4167-4169.
45. Maus, M.; Rettig, W. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2001, 3, 5430-5437.
46. (a) Toutounji, M. M.; Ratner, M. A. J. Phys. Chem. A 2000, 104, 8566-8569.
47. (b) Paulson, B. P.; Curtiss, L. A.; Bal, B.; Closs, G. L.; Miller, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 378-387.
48. Although triplet-triplet energy transfer can occur over relatively long distances (e.g., 50 Å), it is necessary that this process competes effectively with nonradiative decay of the excited state. The triplet lifetime of the Ruterpy reference compound is only 25 ns, and it is well established that the rate of electron exchange decreases exponentially with increasing separation.
49. Sauvage, J.-P.; Collin, J.-P.; Chambron, J.-C.; Guillerez, S.; Coudret, C.; Balzani, V.; Barigelletti, F.; De Cola, L.; Flamigni, L. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 993-1019.
50. (a) Cacelli, I.; Prampolini, G. J. Phys. Chem. A 2003, 107, 8665-8670.
51. (b) Grein, F. J. Phys. Chem. A 2002, 106, 3823-3827.
52. Fraysse, S.; Coudret, C.; Launay, J. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 5880-5888.
53. Perrin, D. D.; Armarego, W. L. F. Purification of Laboratory Chemicals, 3rd edition; Permagon Press Ltd.: Oxford, 1988.
54. Sullivan, B. P.; Calvert, J. M.; Meyer, T. J. Inorg. Chem. 1980, 19, 1404-1407.
55. Potts, K. T.; Konwar, D. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 4815-4816.
56. Demas, J. N.; Crosby, G. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 2841-2847.
57. Uyeda, H. T.; Zhao, Y.; Wostyn, K.; Asselberghs, I.; Clays, K.; Persoons, A.; Therien, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 13806-13813.
58. Odobel, F.; Massiot, D.; Harrison, B. S.; Schanze, K. S. Langmuir 2003, 19, 30-39.
59. (a) Amini, A.; Harriman, A.; Mayeux, A. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2004, 6, 1157-1164.
60. (b) Winkler, J. R.; Netzel, T. L.; Creutz, C.; Sutin, N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 2381-2392.
61. Benniston, A. C.; Chapman, G. M.; Harriman, A.; Mehrabi, M.; Sams, C. A. Inorg. Chem. 2004, 43, 4227-4233.
62. Hissler, M.; El-ghayoury, A.; Harriman, A.; Ziessel, R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1717-1720.
63. Benniston, A. C.; Harriman, A.; Li, P.; Sams, C. A. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2004, 6, 875-877.
64. Hissler, M.; Harriman, A.; El-ghayoury, A.; Ziessel, R. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1998, 178, 1251-1298.
65. (a) Harriman, A.; Hissler, M.; Ziessel, R. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 1999, 1, 4203-4211.
66. (b) Hissler, M.; Harriman, A.; Khatyr, A.; Ziessel, R. Chem.-Eur. J. 1999, 5, 3366-3381.
67. Decurtins, S.; Felix, F.; Ferguson, J.; Gudel, H. U.; Ludi, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 4102-4106.
68. Khatyr, A.; Ziessel, R. J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 7814-7824.
69. Benniston, A. C.; Harriman, A.; Li, P.; Sams, C. A. J. Phys. Chem. A In press.
70. (a) Harriman, A.; Khatyr, A.; Ziessel, R. Dalton Trans. 2003, 2061-2068.
71. (b) Wang, Y. S.; Liu, S. X.; Pinto, M. R.; Dattelbaum, D. M.; Schoonover, J. R.; Schanze, K. S. J. Phys. Chem. A 2001, 105, 11118-11127.
72. Wang, B.; Wasielewski, M. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 12-21.
73. (a) Sacksteder, L. A.; Lee, M.; Demas, J. N.; DeGraff, B. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8230-8238.
74. (b) Harrigan, R. W.; Hager, G. D.; Crosby, G. A. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1973, 21, 487-492.
75. Lumpkin, R. S.; Kober, E. M.; Worl, L. A.; Murtaza, Z.; Meyer, T. J. J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 239-243.
76. -1 have been reported for osmium and ruthenium, respectively: Murov, S. L.; Carmichael, I.; Hug, G. L. Handbook of Photochemistry: Marcel Dekker: New York, 1993.
77. According to the measured reduction potentials and triplet energy, light-induced electron transfer to (ΔG° = +0.62 eV) or from (ΔG° = +0.30 eV) the triplet state of the Ru-terpy unit is unlikely to compete with nonradiative decay of the excited state.
78. Long-range triplet energy transfer can be equated to simultaneous transfer of an electron and a positive hole for which the activation energy can be derived from classical Marcus theory. Since the driving force and the reorganization energy are of comparable magnitude, it follows that the reaction should be weakly activated.
79. Murtaza, Z.; Graff, D. K.; Zipp, A. P.; Worl, L. A.; Jones, W. E.; Bates, W. D.; Meyer, T. J. J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 10504-10513.
80. (a) Liang, N.; Miller, J. R.; Closs, G. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 5353-5354.
81. (b) Liang, N.; Miller, J. R.; Closs, G. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 8740-8741.
82. Closs, G. L.; Piotrowiak, P.; MacInnis, J. M.; Fleming, G. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 2652-2653.
83. Closs, G. L.; Calcaterra, L. T.; Green, N. J.; Penfield, K. W.; Miller, J. R. J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 3673-3683.
84. (a) Kroon, J.; Oliver, A. M.; Paddon-Row, M. N.; Verhoeven, J. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 4868-4673.
85. (b) Oevering, H.; Verhoeven, J. W.; Paddon-Row, M. N.; Cotsaris, E.; Hush, N. S. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1988, 150, 179-180.
86. Benniston, A. C.; Harriman, A.; Li, P.; Sams, C. A.; Ward, M. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 13630-13631.
87. (a) Helms, A.; Heiler, D.; McLendon, G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 6227-6238.
88. (b) Helms, A.; Heiler, D.; McLendon, G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 4325-4327.
89. (a) Harriman, A.; Heitz, V.; Ebersole, M.; van Willigen, H. J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 4982-4989.
90. (b) Wasielewski, M. R.; Johnson, D. G.; Svec, W. A.; Kersey, K. M.; Minsek, D. W. J. Am. Chem, Soc. 1988, 110, 7219-7221.
91. (c) Heitele, H.; Finckh, P.; Weeren, S.; Pollinger, F.; Michel-Beyerle, M. E. J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 5173-5179.
92. (a) Michalec, J. F.; Bejune, S. A.; Cuttell, D. G.; Summerton, G. C.; Gertenbach, J. A.; Field, J. S.; Haines, R. J.; McMillin, D. R. Inorg. Chem. 2001, 40, 2193-2200.
93. (b) Michalec, J. F.; Bejune, S. A.; McMillin, D. R. Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 2708-2709.
94. It seems likely that restricted rotation around the central biphenylene group will prevent this unit from acting as the electron donor. Instead, each phenylene ring is expected to donate charge to the nearest terpyridine ligand. Since the reduction potentials for Os-terpy and Ru-terpy are closely comparable, the latter situation would give rise to two CT states of similar energy and geometry. Energy migration between these triplets should be fast.
95. (a) Amini, A.; Harriman, A. J. Phys. Chem. A 2004, 108, 1242-1249.
96. (b) Brun, A. M.; Harriman, A.; Tsuboi, Y.; Okada, T.; Mataga, N. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1995, 91, 4047-4057.
97. Wasielewski, M. R.; Minsek, D. W.; Niemczyk, A.; Svec, W. A.; Yang, N. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 2823-2824.
98. LUM, with both rate constant and lifetime being measured at a given temperature.
99. This possibility stems from the likelihood that fast energy migration could occur between isoenergetic CT states, followed by trapping at a low-energy acceptor.