Molecular targeting of angiogenesis

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Reviews on Cancer

Volumn 1654, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 39-49

  Alessi, Patrizia ^a   Ebbinghaus, Christina ^a   Neri, Dario ^a  

^a ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Angiogenesis; EDB domain of fibronectin; Neo vasculature; Recombinant antibody; Tumor targeting

Indexed keywords

ANTIBODY; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; DOXORUBICIN; ENDOGLIN; FIBRONECTIN; HERMES ANTIGEN; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; IMMUNOTOXIN; INTEGRIN; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY LM 609; PEPTIDE; PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE; PHOSPHOLIPID; PROSTATE SPECIFIC MEMBRANE ANTIGEN; RECOMBINANT ANTIBODY; RECOMBINANT GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN 12; RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN 2; RECOMBINANT TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; ROUNDABOUT RECEPTOR; TENASCIN; VASCULOTROPIN; VASCULOTROPIN RECEPTOR;

ANGIOGENESIS; BIOACCUMULATION; CELL VIABILITY; DISEASE MARKER; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG TARGETING; DRUG TOLERABILITY; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DOMAIN; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; REVIEW; SOLID TUMOR; TUMOR CELL DESTRUCTION; TUMOR VASCULARIZATION;

EID: 1242292319     PISSN: 0304419X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2003.08.001     Document Type: Review

References (143)

1. Pratt W.B., Ruddon R.W., Ensminger W.D., Maybaum J. The Anticancer Drugs. 2nd. ed. 1994;Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.
2. Bosslet K., Straub R., Blumrich M., Czech J., Gerken M., Sperker B., Kroemer H.K., Gesson J.P., Koch M., Monneret C. Elucidation of the mechanism enabling tumor selective prodrug monotherapy. Cancer Res. 58:1998;1195-1201.
3. Jain R.K. Transport of molecules in the tumor interstitium: a review. Cancer Res. 47:1987;3039-3051.
4. Folli S., Pelegrin A., Chalandon Y., Yao X., Buchegger F., Lienard D., Lejeune F., Mach J.P. Tumor-necrosis factor can enhance radio-antibody uptake in human colon carcinoma xenografts by increasing vascular permeability. Int. J. Cancer. 53:1993;829-836.
5. Bradley G., Juranka P.F., Ling V. Mechanism of multidrug resistance. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 948:1988;87-128.
6. Winter G., Griffiths A.D., Hawkins R.E., Hoogenboom H.R. Making antibodies by phage display technology. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 12:1994;433-455.
7. Collins J., Horn N., Wadenback J., Szardenings M. Cosmix-plexing: a novel recombinatorial approach for evolutionary selection from combinatorial libraries. J. Biotechnol. 74:2001;317-338.
8. Brody E.N., Gold L. Aptamers as therapeutic and diagnostic agents. J. Biotechnol. 74:2000;5-13.
9. Shuker S.B., Hajduk P.J., Meadows R.P., Fesik S.W. Discovering high-affinity ligands for proteins: SAR by NMR. Science. 274:1996;1531-1534.
10. Erlanson D.A., Lam J.W., Wiesmann C., Luong T.N., Simmons R.L., DeLano W.L., Choong I.C., Burdett M.T., Flanagan W.M., Lee D., Gordon E.M., O'Brien T. In situ assembly of enzyme inhibitors using extended tethering. Nat. Biotechnol. 21:2003;308-314.
11. D. Neri, S. Melkko, US Patent Application 60/362,599 (2002).
12. Buchegger F., Haskell C.M., Schreyer M., Scazziga B.R., Randin S., Carrel S., Mach J.P. Radiolabeled fragments of monoclonal antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen for localization of human colon carcinoma grafted into nude mice. J. Exp. Med. 158:1983;413-427.
13. Adams G.P. Improving the tumor specificity and retention of antibody-based molecules. In Vivo. 12:1998;11-21.
14. King D.J., Turner A., Farnsworth A.P., Adair J.R., Owens R.J., Pedley R.B., Baldock D., Proudfoot K.A., Lawson A.D., Beeley N.R.et al. Improved tumor targeting with chemically cross-linked recombinant antibody fragments. Cancer Res. 54:1994;6176-6185.
15. Wu A.M., Chen W., Raubitschek A., Williams L.E., Neumaier M., Fischer R., Hu S.Z., Odom-Maryon T., Wong J.Y., Shively J.E. Tumor localization of anti-CEA single-chain Fvs: improved targeting by non-covalent dimers. Immunotechnology. 2:1996;21-36.
16. Tarli L., Balza E., Viti F., Borsi L., Castellani P., Berndorff D., Dinkelborg L., Neri D., Zardi L. A high-affinity human antibody that targets tumoral blood vessels. Blood. 94:1999;192-198.
17. Demartis S., Tarli L., Borsi L., Zardi L., Neri D. Selective targeting of tumour neovasculature by a radiohalogenated human antibody fragment specific for the ED-B domain of fibronectin. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 28:2001;534-539.
18. Carnemolla B., Borsi L., Balza E., Castellani P., Meazza R., Berndt A., Ferrini S., Kosmehl H., Neri D., Zardi L. Enhancement of the antitumor properties of interleukin-2 by its targeted delivery to the tumor blood vessel extracellular matrix. Blood. 99:2002;1659-1665.
19. Borsi L., Balza E., Bestagno M., Castellani P., Carnemolla B., Biro A., Leprini A., Sepulveda J., Burrone O., Neri D., Zardi L. Selective targeting of tumoral vasculature: comparison of different formats of an antibody (L19) to the ED-B domain of fibronectin. Int. J. Cancer. 102:2002;75-85.
20. Schaper W., Buschmann I. Arteriogenesis, the good and bad of it. Cardiovasc. Res. 43:1999;835-837.
21. Carmeliet P. Mechanisms of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. Nat. Med. 6:2000;389-395.
22. Risau W., Flamme I. Vasculogenesis. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 11:1995;73-91.
23. Folkman J. Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other disease. Nat. Med. 1:1995;27-31.
24. Bischoff J. Cell adhesion and angiogenesis. J. Clin. Invest. 99:1997;373-376.
25. Risau W. Mechanisms of angiogenesis. Nature. 386:1997;671-674.
26. LeCouter J., Lin R., Tejada M., Frantz G., Peale F., Hillan K.J., Ferrara N. The endocrine-gland-derived VEGF homologue Bv8 promotes angiogenesis in the testis: localization of Bv8 receptors to endothelial cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100:2003;2685-2690.
27. Collin O., Bergh A. Leydig cells secrete factors which increase vascular permeability and endothelial cell proliferation. Int. J. Androl. 19:1996;221-228.
28. Yano K., Brown L.F., Lawler J., Miyakawa T., Detmar M. Thrombospondin-1 plays a critical role in the induction of hair follicle involution and vascular regression during the catagen phase. J. Invest. Dermatol. 120:2003;14-19.
29. Yano K., Brown L.F., Detmar M. Control of hair growth and follicle size by VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. J. Clin. Invest. 107:2001;409-417.
30. Chase H. Growth of the hair. Physiol. Rev. 34:1954;113-126.
31. Hardy M.H. The secret life of the hair follicle. Trends Genet. 8:1992;55-61.
32. Carmeliet P., Jain R.K. Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases. Nature. 407:2000;249-257.
33. Tannock I.F. The relation between cell proliferation and the vascular system in a transplanted mouse mammary tumour. Br. J. Cancer. 22:1968;258-273.
34. Folkman J. Tumor angiogenesis: therapeutic implications. N. Engl. J. Med. 285:1971;1182-1186.
35. Gullino P.M. Angiogenesis and neoplasia. N. Engl. J. Med. 305:1981;884-885.
36. Kerbel R.S. Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis as a strategy to circumvent acquired resistance to anti-cancer therapeutic agents. Bioessays. 13:1991;31-36.
37. Richard D.E., Berra E., Pouyssegur J. Angiogenesis: how a tumor adapts to hypoxia. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 266:1999;718-722.
38. Ratcliffe P.J., O'Rourke J.F., Maxwell P.H., Pugh C.W. Oxygen sensing, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and the regulation of mammalian gene expression. J. Exp. Biol. 201(Pt. 8):1998;1153-1162.
39. Carmeliet P., Dor Y., Herbert J.M., Fukumura D., Brusselmans K., Dewerchin M., Neeman M., Bono F., Abramovitch R., Maxwell P., Koch C.J., Ratcliffe P., Moons L., Jain R.K., Collen D., Keshert E., Keshet E. Role of HIF-1alpha in hypoxia-mediated apoptosis, cell proliferation and tumour angiogenesis. Nature. 394:1998;485-490.
40. Maxwell P.H., Dachs G.U., Gleadle J.M., Nicholls L.G., Harris A.L., Stratford I.J., Hankinson O., Pugh C.W., Ratcliffe P.J. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 modulates gene expression in solid tumors and influences both angiogenesis and tumor growth. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94:1997;8104-8109.
41. Eberhard A., Kahlert S., Goede V., Hemmerlein B., Plate K.H., Augustin H.G. Heterogeneity of angiogenesis and blood vessel maturation in human tumors: implications for antiangiogenic tumor therapies. Cancer Res. 60:2000;1388-1393.
42. Castellani P., Viale G., Dorcaratto A., Nicolo G., Kaczmarek J., Querze G., Zardi L. The fibronectin isoform containing the ED-B oncofetal domain: a marker of angiogenesis. Int. J. Cancer. 59:1994;612-618.
43. Castellani P., Borsi L., Carnemolla B., Biro A., Dorcaratto A., Viale G.L., Neri D., Zardi L. Differentiation between high- and low-grade astrocytoma using a human recombinant antibody to the extra domain-B of fibronectin. Am. J. Pathol. 161:2002;1695-1700.
44. Folkman J. Can mosaic tumor vessels facilitate molecular diagnosis of cancer? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98:2001;398-400.
45. Chang Y.S., di Tomaso E., McDonald D.M., Jones R., Jain R.K., Munn L.L. Mosaic blood vessels in tumors: frequency of cancer cells in contact with flowing blood. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 97:2000;14608-14613.
46. Maniotis A.J., Folberg R., Hess A., Seftor E.A., Gardner L.M., Pe'er J., Trent J.M., Meltzer P.S., Hendrix M.J. Vascular channel formation by human melanoma cells in vivo and in vitro: vasculogenic mimicry. Am. J. Pathol. 155:1999;739-752.
47. Barinaga M. New type of blood vessel found in tumors. Science. 285:1999;1475.
48. Bissell M.J. Tumor plasticity allows vasculogenic mimicry, a novel form of angiogenic switch. A rose by any other name? Am. J. Pathol. 155:1999;675-679.
49. McDonald D.M., Munn L., Jain R.K. Vasculogenic mimicry: how convincing, how novel, and how significant? Am. J. Pathol. 156:2000;383-388.
50. Rafii S., Skobe M. Splitting vessels: keeping lymph apart from blood. Nat. Med. 9:2003;166-168.
51. Stacker S.A., Achen M.G., Jussila L., Baldwin M.E., Alitalo K. Lymphangiogenesis and cancer metastasis. Nat. Rev., Cancer. 2:2002;573-583.
52. Mandriota S.J., Jussila L., Jeltsch M., Compagni A., Baetens D., Prevo R., Banerji S., Huarte J., Montesano R., Jackson D.G., Orci L., Alitalo K., Christofori G., Pepper M.S. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C-mediated lymphangiogenesis promotes tumour metastasis. EMBO J. 20:2001;672-682.
53. Padera T.P., Kadambi A., di Tomaso E., Carreira C.M., Brown E.B., Boucher Y., Choi N.C., Mathisen D., Wain J., Mark E.J., Munn L.L., Jain R.K. Lymphatic metastasis in the absence of functional intratumor lymphatics. Science. 296:2002;1883-1886.
54. Ruoslahti E. Drug targeting to specific vascular sites. Drug Discov. Today. 7:2002;1138-1143.
55. Denekamp J. The tumour microcirculation as a target in cancer therapy: a clearer perspective. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 29:1999;733-736.
56. Chaplin D.J., Hill S.A. The development of combretastatin A4 phosphate as a vascular targeting agent. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 54:2002;1491-1496.
57. Schnitzer J.E. Vascular targeting as a strategy for cancer therapy. N. Engl. J. Med. 339:1998;472-474.
58. Schnitzer J.E., Oh P., Jacobson B.S., Dvorak A.M. Caveolae from luminal plasmalemma of rat lung endothelium: microdomains enriched in caveolin, Ca(2+)-ATPase, and inositol trisphosphate receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 92:1995;1759-1763.
59. Ruoslahti E. Targeting tumor vasculature with homing peptides from phage display. Semin. Cancer Biol. 10:2000;435-442.
60. Kolonin M., Pasqualini R., Arap W. Molecular addresses in blood vessels as targets for therapy. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 5:2001;308-313.
61. Hoogenboom H.R., Lutgerink J.T., Pelsers M.M., Rousch M.J., Coote J., Van Neer N., De Bruine A., Van Nieuwenhoven F.A., Glatz J.F., Arends J.W. Selection-dominant and nonaccessible epitopes on cell-surface receptors revealed by cell-panning with a large phage antibody library. Eur. J. Biochem. 260:1999;774-784.
62. Rousch M., Lutgerink J.T., Coote J., de Bruine A., Arends J.W., Hoogenboom H.R. Somatostatin displayed on filamentous phage as a receptor-specific agonist. Br. J. Pharmacol. 125:1998;5-16.
63. Wyder L., Vitaliti A., Schneider H., Hebbard L.W., Moritz D.R., Wittmer M., Ajmo M., Klemenz R. Increased expression of H/T-cadherin in tumor-penetrating blood vessels. Cancer Res. 60:2000;4682-4688.
64. Carson-Walter E.B., Watkins D.N., Nanda A., Vogelstein B., Kinzler K.W., St Croix B. Cell surface tumor endothelial markers are conserved in mice and humans. Cancer Res. 61:2001;6649-6655.
65. St Croix B., Rago C., Velculescu V., Traverso G., Romans K.E., Montgomery E., Lal A., Riggins G.J., Lengauer C., Vogelstein B., Kinzler K.W. Genes expressed in human tumor endothelium. Science. 289:2000;1197-1202.
66. Zardi L., Carnemolla B., Siri A., Petersen T.E., Paolella G., Sebastio G., Baralle F.E. Transformed human cells produce a new fibronectin isoform by preferential alternative splicing of a previously unobserved exon. EMBO J. 6:1987;2337-2342.
67. Peters J.H., Trevithick J.E., Johnson P., Hynes R.O. Expression of the alternatively spliced EIIIB segment of fibronectin. Cell Adhes. Commun. 3:1995;67-89.
68. Carnemolla B., Neri D., Castellani P., Leprini A., Neri G., Pini A., Winter G., Zardi L. Phage antibodies with pan-species recognition of the oncofoetal angiogenesis marker fibronectin ED-B domain. Int. J. Cancer. 68:1996;397-405.
69. Pini A., Viti F., Santucci A., Carnemolla B., Zardi L., Neri P., Neri D. Design and use of a phage display library. Human antibodies with subnanomolar affinity against a marker of angiogenesis eluted from a two-dimensional gel. J. Biol. Chem. 273:1998;21769-21776.
70. Giovannoni L., Viti F., Zardi L., Neri D. Isolation of anti-angiogenesis antibodies from a large combinatorial repertoire by colony filter screening. Nucleic Acids Res. 29:2001;E27.
71. Huston J.S., Levinson D., Mudgett-Hunter M., Tai M.S., Novotny J., Margolies M.N., Ridge R.J., Bruccoleri R.E., Haber E., Crea R.et al. Protein engineering of antibody binding sites: recovery of specific activity in an anti-digoxin single-chain Fv analogue produced in Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 85:1988;5879-5883.
72. Birchler M., Viti F., Zardi L., Spiess B., Neri D. Selective targeting and photocoagulation of ocular angiogenesis mediated by a phage-derived human antibody fragment. Nat. Biotechnol. 17:1999;984-988.
73. Viti F., Tarli L., Giovannoni L., Zardi L., Neri D. Increased binding affinity and valence of recombinant antibody fragments lead to improved targeting of tumoral angiogenesis. Cancer Res. 59:1999;347-352.
74. Santimaria M., Moscatelli G., Viale G.L., Giovannoni L., Neri G., Viti F., Leprini A., Borsi L., Castellani P., Zardi L., Neri D., Riva P. Immunoscintigraphic Detection of the ED-B Domain of Fibronectin, a Marker of Angiogenesis, in Patients with Cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 9:2003;571-579.
75. Matsuura H., Hakomori S. The oncofetal domain of fibronectin defined by monoclonal antibody FDC-6: its presence in fibronectins from fetal and tumor tissues and its absence in those from normal adult tissues and plasma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 82:1985;6517-6521.
76. Friedlander M., Theesfeld C.L., Sugita M., Fruttiger M., Thomas M.A., Chang S., Cheresh D.A. Involvement of integrins alpha v beta 3 and alpha v beta 5 in ocular neovascular diseases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93:1996;9764-9769.
77. Friedlander M., Brooks P.C., Shaffer R.W., Kincaid C.M., Varner J.A., Cheresh D.A. Definition of two angiogenic pathways by distinct alpha v integrins. Science. 270:1995;1500-1502.
78. Brooks P.C., Montgomery A.M., Rosenfeld M., Reisfeld R.A., Hu T., Klier G., Cheresh D.A. Integrin alpha v beta 3 antagonists promote tumor regression by inducing apoptosis of angiogenic blood vessels. Cell. 79:1994;1157-1164.
79. Sipkins D.A., Cheresh D.A., Kazemi M.R., Nevin L.M., Bednarski M.D., Li K.C. Detection of tumor angiogenesis in vivo by alphaVbeta3-targeted magnetic resonance imaging. Nat. Med. 4:1998;623-626.
80. Max R., Gerritsen R.R., Nooijen P.T., Goodman S.L., Sutter A., Keilholz U., Ruiter D.J., De Waal R.M. Immunohistochemical analysis of integrin alpha vbeta3 expression on tumor-associated vessels of human carcinomas. Int. J. Cancer. 71:1997;320-324.
81. Posey J.A., Khazaeli M.B., DelGrosso A., Saleh M.N., Lin C.Y., Huse W., LoBuglio A.F. A pilot trial of Vitaxin, a humanized anti-vitronectin receptor (anti alpha v beta 3) antibody in patients with metastatic cancer. Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. 16:2001;125-132.
82. Haubner R., Wester H.J., Weber W.A., Mang C., Ziegler S.I., Goodman S.L., Senekowitsch-Schmidtke R., Kessler H., Schwaiger M. Noninvasive imaging of alpha(v)beta3 integrin expression using 18F-labeled RGD-containing glycopeptide and positron emission tomography. Cancer Res. 61:2001;1781-1785.
83. Haubner R., Wester H.J., Burkhart F., Senekowitsch-Schmidtke R., Weber W., Goodman S.L., Kessler H., Schwaiger M. Glycosylated RGD-containing peptides: tracer for tumor targeting and angiogenesis imaging with improved biokinetics. J. Nucl. Med. 42:2001;326-336.
84. Murphy G.P., Kenny G.M., Ragde H., Wolfert R.L., Boynton A.L., Holmes E.H., Misrock S.L., Bartsch G., Klocker H., Pointner J., Reissigl A., McLeod D.G., Douglas T., Morgan T., Gilbaugh J. Jr. Measurement of serum prostate-specific membrane antigen, a new prognostic marker for prostate cancer. Urology. 51:1998;89-97.
85. Murphy G.P., Su S., Jarisch J., Kenny G.M. Serum levels of PSMA. Prostate. 42:2000;318-319.
86. Holmes E.H. PSMA specific antibodies and their diagnostic and therapeutic use. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs. 10:2001;511-519.
87. Liu H., Moy P., Kim S., Xia Y., Rajasekaran A., Navarro V., Knudsen B., Bander N.H. Monoclonal antibodies to the extracellular domain of prostate-specific membrane antigen also react with tumor vascular endothelium. Cancer Res. 57:1997;3629-3634.
88. Chang S.S., O'Keefe D.S., Bacich D.J., Reuter V.E., Heston W.D., Gaudin P.B. Prostate-specific membrane antigen is produced in tumor-associated neovasculature. Clin. Cancer Res. 5:1999;2674-2681.
89. Wang J.M., Kumar S., Pye D., van Agthoven A.J., Krupinski J., Hunter R.D. A monoclonal antibody detects heterogeneity in vascular endothelium of tumours and normal tissues. Int. J. Cancer. 54:1993;363-370.
90. Burrows F.J., Derbyshire E.J., Tazzari P.L., Amlot P., Gazdar A.F., King S.W., Letarte M., Vitetta E.S., Thorpe P.E. Up-regulation of endoglin on vascular endothelial cells in human solid tumors: implications for diagnosis and therapy. Clin. Cancer Res. 1:1995;1623-1634.
91. Balza E., Castellani P., Zijlstra A., Neri D., Zardi L., Siri A. Lack of specificity of endoglin expression for tumor blood vessels. Int. J. Cancer. 94:2001;579-585.
92. Bredow S., Lewin M., Hofmann B., Marecos E., Weissleder R. Imaging of tumour neovasculature by targeting the TGF-beta binding receptor endoglin. Eur. J. Cancer. 36:2000;675-681.
93. Fonsatti E., Jekunen A.P., Kairemo K.J., Coral S., Snellman M., Nicotra M.R., Natali P.G., Altomonte M., Maio M. Endoglin is a suitable target for efficient imaging of solid tumors: in vivo evidence in a canine mammary carcinoma model. Clin. Cancer Res. 6:2000;2037-2043.
94. Brekken R.A., Overholser J.P., Stastny V.A., Waltenberger J., Minna J.D., Thorpe P.E. Selective inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 (KDR/Flk-1) activity by a monoclonal anti-VEGF antibody blocks tumor growth in mice. Cancer Res. 60:2000;5117-5124.
95. Cooke S.P., Boxer G.M., Lawrence L., Pedley R.B., Spencer D.I., Begent R.H., Chester K.A. A strategy for antitumor vascular therapy by targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor: receptor complex. Cancer Res. 61:2001;3653-3659.
96. Halin C., Niesner U., Villani M.E., Zardi L., Neri D. Tumor-targeting properties of antibody-vascular endothelial growth factor fusion proteins. Int. J. Cancer. 102:2002;109-116.
97. Ferrara N. Role of vascular endothelial growth factor in physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis: therapeutic implications. Semin. Oncol. 29:2002;10-14.
98. Wakai Y., Matsui J., Koizumi K., Tsunoda S., Makimoto H., Ohizumi I., Taniguchi K., Kaiho S., Saito H., Utoguchi N., Tsutsumi Y., Nakagawa S., Ohsugi Y., Mayumi T. Effective cancer targeting using an anti-tumor tissue vascular endothelium-specific monoclonal antibody (TES-23). Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 91:2000;1319-1325.
99. Tsunoda S., Ohizumi I., Matsui J., Koizumi K., Wakai Y., Makimoto H., Tsutsumi Y., Utoguchi N., Taniguchi K., Saito H., Harada N., Ohsugi Y., Mayumi T. Specific binding of TES-23 antibody to tumour vascular endothelium in mice, rats and human cancer tissue: a novel drug carrier for cancer targeting therapy. Br. J. Cancer. 81:1999;1155-1161.
100. Zachowski A., Henry J.P., Devaux P.F. Control of transmembrane lipid asymmetry in chromaffin granules by an ATP-dependent protein. Nature. 340:1989;75-76.
101. Ran S., Downes A., Thorpe P.E. Increased exposure of anionic phospholipids on the surface of tumor blood vessels. Cancer Res. 62:2002;6132-6140.
102. Bucki R., Janmey P.A., Vegners R., Giraud F., Sulpice J.C. Involvement of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in phosphatidylserine exposure in platelets: use of a permeant phosphoinositide-binding peptide. Biochemistry. 40:2001;15752-15761.
103. Monroe D.M., Hoffman M., Roberts H.R. Platelets and thrombin generation. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 22:2002;1381-1389.
104. Borsi L., Carnemolla B., Nicolo G., Spina B., Tanara G., Zardi L. Expression of different tenascin isoforms in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic human breast tissues. Int. J. Cancer. 52:1992;688-692.
105. Bigner D.D., Brown M.T., Friedman A.H., Coleman R.E., Akabani G., Friedman H.S., Thorstad W.L., McLendon R.E., Bigner S.H., Zhao X.G., Pegram C.N., Wikstrand C.J., Herndon J.E. II, Vick N.A., Paleologos N., Cokgor I., Provenzale J.M., Zalutsky M.R. Iodine-131-labeled antitenascin monoclonal antibody 81C6 treatment of patients with recurrent malignant gliomas: phase I trial results. J. Clin. Oncol. 16:1998;2202-2212.
106. Riva P., Artista A., Sturiale C., Moscatelli G., Tison V., Mariani M., Seccamani E., Lazzari S., Fagioli L., Franceschi G.et al. Treatment of intracranial human glioblastoma by direct intratumoral administration of 131I-labelled anti-tenascin monoclonal antibody BC-2. Int. J. Cancer. 51(1):1992;7-13.
107. Paganelli G., Grana C., Chinol M., Cremonesi M., De Cicco C., De Braud F., Robertson C., Zurrida S., Casadio C., Zoboli S., Siccardi A.G., Veronesi U. Antibody-guided three-step therapy for high grade glioma with yttrium-90 biotin. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 26:1999;348-357.
108. Paganelli G., Bartolomei M., Ferrari M., Cremonesi M., Broggi G., Maira G., Sturiale C., Grana C., Prisco G., Gatti M., Caliceti P., Chinol M. Pre-targeted locoregional radioimmunotherapy with 90Y-biotin in glioma patients: phase I study and preliminary therapeutic results. Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. 16:2001;227-235.
109. Carnemolla B., Castellani P., Ponassi M., Borsi L., Urbini S., Nicolo G., Dorcaratto A., Viale G., Winter G., Neri D., Zardi L. Identification of a glioblastoma-associated tenascin-C isoform by a high affinity recombinant antibody. Am. J. Pathol. 154:1999;1345-1352.
110. Huminiecki L., Gorn M., Suchting S., Poulsom R., Bicknell R. Magic roundabout is a new member of the roundabout receptor family that is endothelial specific and expressed at sites of active angiogenesis. Genomics. 79:2002;547-552.
111. Mailhos C., Modlich U., Lewis J., Harris A., Bicknell R., Ish-Horowicz D. Delta4, an endothelial specific notch ligand expressed at sites of physiological and tumor angiogenesis. Differentiation. 69:2001;135-144.
112. Birchler M., Neri G., Tarli L., Halin C., Viti F., Neri D. Infrared photodetection for the in vivo localisation of phage-derived antibodies directed against angiogenic markers. J. Immunol. Methods. 231:1999;239-248.
113. Nicolo M., Biro A., Cardillo-Piccolino F., Castellani P., Giovannini A., Mariotti C., Zingirian M., Neri D., Zardi L. Expression of extradomain-B- containing fibronectin in subretinal choroidal neovascular membranes. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 135:2003;7-13.
114. Nilsson F., Kosmehl H., Zardi L., Neri D. Targeted delivery of tissue factor to the ED-B domain of fibronectin, a marker of angiogenesis, mediates the infarction of solid tumors in mice. Cancer Res. 61:2001;711-716.
115. Huang X., Molema G., King S., Watkins L., Edgington T.S., Thorpe P.E. Tumor infarction in mice by antibody-directed targeting of tissue factor to tumor vasculature. Science. 275:1997;547-550.
116. Halin C., Rondini S., Nilsson F., Berndt A., Kosmehl H., Zardi L., Neri D. Enhancement of the antitumor activity of interleukin-12 by targeted delivery to neovasculature. Nat. Biotechnol. 20:2002;264-269.
117. Halin C., Gafner V., Villani M.E., Borsi L., Berndt A., Kosmehl H., Zardi L., Neri D. Synergistic therapeutic effects of a tumor targeting antibody fragment, fused to interleukin-12 and to tumor necrosis factor alpha. Cancer Research. 63:2003;3202-3210.
118. Weinstein J.N., van Osdol W. The macroscopic and microscopic pharmacology of monoclonal antibodies. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 14:1992;457-463.
119. van Osdol W., Fujimori K., Weinstein J.N. An analysis of monoclonal antibody distribution in microscopic tumor nodules: consequences of a "binding site barrier" Cancer Res. 51:1991;4776-4784.
120. Adams G.P., Schier R., McCall A.M., Simmons H.H., Horak E.M., Alpaugh R.K., Marks J.D., Weiner L.M. High affinity restricts the localization and tumor penetration of single-chain fv antibody molecules. Cancer Res. 61:2001;4750-4755.
121. Jacobson B.S., Schnitzer J.E., McCaffery M., Palade G.E. Isolation and partial characterization of the luminal plasmalemma of microvascular endothelium from rat lungs. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 58:1992;296-306.
122. Jacobson B.S., Stolz D.B., Schnitzer J.E. Identification of endothelial cell-surface proteins as targets for diagnosis and treatment of disease. Nat. Med. 2:1996;482-484.
123. Melkko S., Halin C., Borsi L., Zardi L., Neri D. An antibody-calmodulin fusion protein reveals a functional dependence between macromolecular isoelectric point and tumor targeting performance. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 54:2002;1485-1490.
124. Leong-Poi H., Christiansen J., Klibanov A.L., Kaul S., Lindner J.R. Noninvasive assessment of angiogenesis by ultrasound and microbubbles targeted to alpha(v)-integrins. Circulation. 107:2003;455-460.
125. Wan S., Parrish J.A., Anderson R.R., Madden M. Transmittance of nonionizing radiation in human tissues. Photochem. Photobiol. 34:1981;679-681.
126. Folli S., Westermann P., Braichotte D., Pelegrin A., Wagnieres G., van den Bergh H., Mach J.P. Antibody-indocyanin conjugates for immunophotodetection of human squamous cell carcinoma in nude mice. Cancer Res. 54:1994;2643-2649.
127. Neri D., Carnemolla B., Nissim A., Leprini A., Querze G., Balza E., Pini A., Tarli L., Halin C., Neri P., Zardi L., Winter G. Targeting by affinity-matured recombinant antibody fragments of an angiogenesis associated fibronectin isoform. Nat. Biotechnol. 15:1997;1271-1275.
128. Becker A., Hessenius C., Licha K., Ebert B., Sukowski U., Semmler W., Wiedenmann B., Grotzinger C. Receptor-targeted optical imaging of tumors with near-infrared fluorescent ligands. Nat. Biotechnol. 19:2001;327-331.
129. Kim Y.R., Savellano M.D., Weissleder R., Bogdanov A. Jr. Steady-state and dynamic contrast MR imaging of human prostate cancer xenograft tumors: a comparative study. Technol. Cancer Res. Treat. 1:2002;489-496.
130. Rudin M., Weissleder R. Molecular imaging in drug discovery and development. Nat. Rev., Drug Discov. 2:2003;123-131.
131. Ugur O., Kothari P.J., Finn R.D., Zanzonico P., Ruan S., Guenther I., Maecke H.R., Larson S.M. Ga-66 labeled somatostatin analogue DOTA-DPhe1-Tyr3-octreotide as a potential agent for positron emission tomography imaging and receptor mediated internal radiotherapy of somatostatin receptor positive tumors. Nucl. Med. Biol. 29:2002;147-157.
132. Burt B.M., Humm J.L., Kooby D.A., Squire O.D., Mastorides S., Larson S.M., Fong Y. Using positron emission tomography with [(18)F]FDG to predict tumor behavior in experimental colorectal cancer. Neoplasia. 3:2001;189-195.
133. Umana P., Jean-Mairet J., Moudry R., Amstutz H., Bailey J.E. Engineered glycoforms of an antineuroblastoma IgG1 with optimized antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic activity. Nat. Biotechnol. 17:1999;176-180.
134. Halin C., Neri D. Antibody-Based targeting of angiogenesis. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carr. Syst. 18:2001;299-339.
135. Pasqualini R., Koivunen E., Ruoslahti E. A peptide isolated from phage display libraries is a structural and functional mimic of an RGD-binding site on integrins. J. Cell Biol. 130:1995;1189-1196.
136. Arap W., Pasqualini R., Ruoslahti E. Cancer treatment by targeted drug delivery to tumor vasculature in a mouse model. Science. 279:1998;377-380.
137. Curnis F., Sacchi A., Borgna L., Magni F., Gasparri A., Corti A. Enhancement of tumor necrosis factor alpha antitumor immunotherapeutic properties by targeted delivery to aminopeptidase N (CD13). Nat. Biotechnol. 18:2000;1185-1190.
138. Tepe G., Duda S.H., Meding J., Brehme U., Ritter J., Hanke H., Hilger C.S., Claussen C.D., Dinkelborg L.M. Tc-99m-labeled endothelin derivative for imaging of experimentally induced atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 157:2001;383-392.
139. Maeshima Y., Sudhakar A., Lively J.C., Ueki K., Kharbanda S., Kahn C.R., Sonenberg N., Hynes R.O., Kalluri R. Tumstatin, an endothelial cell-specific inhibitor of protein synthesis. Science. 295:2002;140-143.
140. Maeshima Y., Manfredi M., Reimer C., Holthaus K.A., Hopfer H., Chandamuri B.R., Kharbanda S., Kalluri R. Identification of the anti-angiogenic site within vascular basement membrane-derived tumstatin. J. Biol. Chem. 276:2001;15240-15248.
141. Lejeune F.J. The impact of surgery on the course of melanoma. Recent Results Cancer Res. 160:2002;151-157.
142. Van Etten B., Van Geel A.N., De Wilt J.H., Eggermont A.M. Fifty tumor necrosis factor-based isolated limb perfusions for limb salvage in patients older than 75 years with limb-threatening soft tissue sarcomas and other extremity tumors. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 10:2003;32-37.
143. Ntziachristos V., Yodh A.G., Schnall M., Chance B. Concurrent MRI and diffuse optical tomography of breast after indocyanine green enhancement. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 97:2000;2767-2772.