Zymographic techniques for the analysis of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors

BioTechniques

Volumn 38, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 73-83

  Snoek van Beurden, Patricia A M ^a   Von Den Hoff, Johannes W ^a  

^a RADBOUD UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEGRADATION; DEREGULATION; DISEASES; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; PATHOLOGY; SUBSTRATES; TISSUE; TUMORS;

SAMPLE PREPARATION; TISSUE INHIBITORS; TUMOR PROGRESSION; ZYMOGRAPHY;

PROTEINS;

CASEIN; COLLAGEN; GELATIN; HEPARIN; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE INHIBITOR;

ACCURACY; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENZYME DEGRADATION; ENZYME LOCALIZATION; ENZYME SPECIFICITY; ENZYME SUBSTRATE; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; PROTEINASE INHIBITION; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; ZYMOGRAPHY;

EID: 12344258657     PISSN: 07366205     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2144/05381RV01     Document Type: Review

References (88)

1. Bode, W. and K. Maskos. 2003. Structural basis of the matrix metalloproteinases and their physiological inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. Biol. Chem. 384:863-872.
2. Brew, K., D. Dinakarpandian, and H. Nagase. 2000. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: evolution, structure and function. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1477:267-283.
3. Baker, A.H., D.R. Edwards, and G. Murphy. 2002. Metalloproteinase inhibitors: biological actions and therapeutic opportunities. J. Cell Sci. 115:3719-3727.
4. Bode, W., C. Fernandez-Catalan, F. Grams, F.X. Gomis-Ruth, H. Nagase, H. Tschesche, and K. Maskos. 1999. Insights into MMP-TIMP interactions. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 878:73-91.
5. Pilcher, B.K., M. Wang, X.J. Qin, W.C. Parks, R.M. Senior, and H.G. Welgus. 1999. Role of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibition in cutaneous wound healing and allergic contact hypersensitivity. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 878:12-24.
6. Chin, J.R. and Z. Werb. 1997. Matrix metalloproteinases regulate morphogenesis, migration and remodeling of epithelium, tongue skeletal muscle and cartilage in the mandibular arch. Development 124:1519-1530.
7. Heikinheimo, K. and T. Salo. 1995. Expression of basement membrane type IV collagen and type IV collagenases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in human fetal teeth. J. Dent. Res. 74:1226-1234.
8. Steffensen, B., L. Hakkinen, and H. Larjava. 2001. Proteolytic events of wound-healing - coordinated interactions among matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), integrins, and extracellular matrix molecules. Crit. Rev. Oral. Biol. Med. 12:373-398.
9. Konttinen, Y.T., M. Ainola, H. Valleala, J. Ma, H. Ida, J. Mandelin, R.W. Kinne, S. Santavirta et al. 1999. Analysis of 16 different matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1 to MMP-20) in the synovial membrane: different profiles in trauma and rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 58:691-691.
10. Tetlow, L.C., D.J. Adlam, and D.E. Woolley. 2001. Matrix metalloproteinase and proinflammatory cytokine production by chondrocytes of human osteoarthritic cartilage: associations with degenerative changes. Arthritis Rheum. 44:585-594.
11. Bar-Or, A., R.K. Nuttall, M. Duddy, A. Alter, H.J. Kim, I. Ifergan, C.J. Pennington, P. Bourgoin, et al. 2003. Analyses of all matrix metalloproteinase members in leukocytes emphasize monocytes as major inflammatory mediators in multiple sclerosis. Brain 126:2738-2749.
12. Visse, R. and H. Nagase. 2003. Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: structure, function, and biochemistry. Circ. Res. 92:827-839.
13. Ahokas, K., J. Lohi, H. Lohi, O. Elomaa, M.L. Karjalainen-Lindsberg, J. Kere, and U. Saarialho-Kere. 2002. Matrix metalloproteinase-21, the human orthologue for XMMP, is expressed during fetal development and in cancer. Gene 301:31-41.
14. Pendas, A.M., V. Knauper, X.S. Puente, E. Llano, M.G. Mattei, S. Apte, G. Murphy, and C. Lopez-Otin. 1997. Identification and characterization of a novel human matrix metalloproteinase with unique structural characteristics, chromosomal location, and tissue distribution. J. Biol. Chem. 272:4281-4286.
15. Nagase, H. and J.F. Woessner Jr. 1999. Matrix metalloproteinases. J. Biol. Chem. 274:21491-21494.
16. Stamenkovic, I. 2003. Extracellular matrix remodelling: the role of matrix metalloproteinases. J. Pathol. 200:448-464.
17. Kapila, S. and J.J. Chen. 2000. Matrix metalloproteinases in orthodontic tooth movement: principles and potential applications, p. 107-117. In Z. Davidovitch and J. Mah (Eds.), Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement and Craniofacial Adaptation. Harvard Society for the Advancement of Orthodontics, Boston, MA.
18. Salmela, M.T., M.L. Karjalainen-Lindsberg, P. Puolakkainen, and U. Saarialho-Kere. 2001. Upregulation and differential expression of matrilysin (MMP-7) and metalloelastase (MMP-12) and their inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 in Barrett's oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Br. J. Cancer 85:383-392.
19. Kerkela, E. and U. Saarialho-Kere. 2003. Matrix metalloproteinases in tumor progression: focus on basal and squamous cell skin cancer. Exp. Dermatol. 12:109-125.
20. Marchenko, G.N., B.I. Ratnikov, D.V. Rozanov, A. Godzik, E.I. Deryugina, and A.Y. Strongin. 2001. Characterization of matrix metalloproteinase-26, a novel metalloproteinase widely expressed in cancer cells of epithelial origin. Biochem. J. 356:705-718.
21. Bode, W. 1995. A helping hand for collagenases: the haemopexin-like domain. Structure 3:527-530.
22. Jones, C.B., D.C. Sane, and D.M. Herrington. 2003. Matrix metalloproteinases. A review of their structure and role in acute coronary syndrome. Cardiovasc. Res. 59:812-823.
23. Stracke, J.O., A.J. Fosang, K. Last, F.A. Mercuri, A.M. Pendas, E. Llano, R. Perris, P.E. Di Cesare, et al. 2000. Matrix metalloproteinases 19 and 20 cleave aggrecan and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). FEBS Lett. 478:52-56.
24. Gronski, T.J., Jr., R.L. Martin, D.K. Kobayashi, B.C. Walsh, M.C. Holman, M. Huber, H.E. Van Wart, and S.D. Shapiro. 1997. Hydrolysis of a broad spectrum of extracellular matrix proteins by human macrophage elastase. J. Biol. Chem. 272:12189-12194.
25. Parks, W.C. and S.D. Shapiro. 2001. Matrix metalloproteinases in lung biology. Respir. Res. 2:10-19.
26. Galis, Z.S., G.K. Sukhova, M.W. Lark, and P. Libby. 1994. Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases and matrix degrading activity in vulnerable regions of human atherosclerotic plaques. J. Clin. Invest. 94:2493-2503.
27. Springman, E.B., E.L. Angleton, H. Birkedal-Hansen, and H.E. Van Wart. 1990. Multiple modes of activation of latent human fibroblast collagenase: evidence for the role of a Cys73 active-site zinc complex in latency and a "cysteine switch" mechanism for activation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 37:364-368.
28. Van Wart, H.E. and H. Birkedal-Hansen. 1990. The cysteine switch: a principle of regulation of metalloproteinase activity with potential applicability to the entire matrix metalloproteinase gene family. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 37:5578-5582.
29. Park, A.J., L.M. Matrisian, A.F. Kells, R. Pearson, Z.Y. Yuan, and M. Navre. 1991. Mutational analysis of the transin (rat stromelysin) autoinhibitor region demonstrates a role for residues surrounding the "cysteine switch." J. Biol. Chem. 266:1584-1590.
30. Gomez, D.E., D.F. Alonso, H. Yoshiji, and U.P. Thorgeirsson. 1997. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: structure, regulation and biological functions. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 74:111-122.
31. Kevorkian, L., D.A. Young, C. Darrah, S.T. Donell, L. Shepstone, S. Porter, S.M. Brockbank, D.R. Edwards, et al. 2004. Expression profiling of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in cartilage. Arthritis Rheum. 50:131-141.
32. Coussens, L.M., B. Fingleton, and L.M. Matrisian. 2002. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors and cancer: trials and tribulations. Science 295:2387-2392.
33. Kioi, M., K. Yamamoto, S. Higashi, N. Koshikawa, K. Fujita, and K. Miyazaki. 2003. Matrilysin (MMP-7) induces homotypic adhesion of human colon cancer cells and enhances their metastatic potential in nude mouse model. Oncogene 22:8662-8670.
34. Leeman, M.F., S. Curran, and G.I. Murray. 2003. New insights into the roles of matrix metalloproteinases in colorectal cancer development and progression. J. Pathol. 201:528-534.
35. Galis, Z.S. and J.J. Khatri. 2002. Matrix metalloproteinases in vascular remodeling and atherogenesis: the good, the bad, and the ugly. Circ. Res. 90:251-262.
36. Creemers, E.E., J.P. Cleutjens, J.F. Smits, and M.J. Daemen. 2001. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition after myocardial infarction: a new approach to prevent heart failure? Circ. Res. 39:201-210.
37. Hawkes, S.P., H. Li, and G.T. Taniguchi. 2001. Zymography and reverse zymography for detecting MMPs, and TIMPs, p. 399-410. In I. Clark (Ed.), Matrix Metalloproteinases Protocols. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ.
38. Leber, T.M. and F.R. Balkwill. 1997. Zymography: a single-step staining method for quantitation of proteolytic activity on substrate gels. Anal. Biochem. 249:24-28.
39. Heussen, C. and E.B. Dowdle. 1980. Electrophoretic analysis of plasminogen activators in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate and copolymerized substrates. Anal. Biochem. 102:196-202.
40. Fernandez-Resa, P., E. Mira, and A.R. Quesada. 1995. Enhanced detection of casein zymography of matrix metalloproteinases. Anal. Biochem. 224:434-435.
41. Woessner, J.F., Jr. 1995. Quantification of matrix metalloproteinases in tissue samples. Methods Enzymol. 248:510-528.
42. Oliver, G.W., J.D. Leferson, W.G. Stetler-Stevenson, and D.E. Kleiner. 1997. Quantitative reverse zymography: analysis of picogram amounts of metalloproteinase inhibitors using gelatinase A and B reverse zymograms. Anal. Biochem. 244:161-166.
43. Kleiner, D.E. and W.G. Stetler-Stevenson. 1994. Quantitative zymography: detection of picogram quantities of gelatinases. Anal. Biochem. 218:325-329.
44. Bjornland, K., J.O. Winberg, O.T. Odegaard, E. Hovig, T. Loennechen, A.O. Aasen, O. Fodstad, and G.M. Maelandsmo. 1999. S100A4 involvement in metastasis: deregulation of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases in osteosarcoma cells transfected with an anti-S100A4 ribozyme. Cancer Res. 59:4702-4708.
45. Knauper, V., C. Lopez-Otin, B. Smith, G. Knight, and G. Murphy. 1996. Biochemical characterization of human collagenase-3. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1544-1550.
46. Yu, W.H. and J.F. Woessner, Jr. 2001. Heparin-enhanced zymographic detection of matrilysin and collagenases. Anal. Biochem. 293:38-42.
47. Gogly, B., N. Groult, W. Hornebeck, G. Godeau, and B. Pellat. 1998. Collagen zymography as a sensitive and specific technique for the determination of subpicogram levels of interstitial collagenase. Anal. Biochem. 255:211-216.
48. Chin, J.R., G. Murphy, and Z. Werb. 1985. Stromelysin, a connective tissue-degrading metalloendopeptidase secreted by stimulated rabbit synovial fibroblasts in parallel with collagenase. Biosynthesis, isolation, characterization, and substrates. J. Biol. Chem. 260:12367-12376.
49. Rawdanowicz, T.J., A.L. Hampton, H. Nagase, D.E. Woolley, and L.A. Salamonsen. 1994. Matrix metalloproteinase production by cultured human endometrial stromal cells: identification of interstitial collagenase, gelatinase-A, gelatinase-B, and Stromelysin-1 and their differential regulation by interleukin-1 alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 79:530-536.
50. Nakamura, H., Y. Fujii, E. Ohuchi, E. Yamamoto, and Y. Okada. 1998. Activation of the precursor of human stromelysin 2 and its interactions with other matrix metalloproteinases. Eur. J. Biochem. 253:67-75.
51. Windsor, L.J., H. Grenett, B. Birkedal-Hansen, M.K. Bodden, J.A. Engler, and H. Birkedal-Hansen. 1993. Cell type-specific regulation of SL-1 and SL-2 genes. Induction of the SL-2 gene but not the SL-1 gene by human keratinocytes in response to cytokines and phorbolesters. J. Biol. Chem. 268:17341-17347.
52. Murphy, G., J.P. Segain, M. O'Shea, M. Cockett, C. Ioannou, O. Lefebvre, P. Chambon, and P. Basset. 1993. The 28-kDa N-terminal domain of mouse stromelysin-3 has the general properties of a weak metalloproteinase. J. Biol. Chem. 268:15435-15441.
53. Huang, Y., M. Mironova, and M.F. Lopes-Virella. 1999. Oxidized LDL stimulates matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression in human vascular endothelial cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 19:2640-2647.
54. Miyazaki, K., Y. Hattori, F. Umenishi, H. Yasumitsu, and M. Umeda. 1990. Purification and characterization of extracellular matrix-degrading metalloproteinase, matrin (pump-1), secreted from human rectal carcinoma cell line. Cancer Res. 50:7758-77564.
55. Gardner, H., A. Broberg, A. Pozzi, M. Laato, and J. Heino. 1999. Absence of integrin alpha1beta1 in the mouse causes loss of feedback regulation of collagen synthesis in normal and wounded dermis. J. Cell Sci. 112:263-272.
56. Curci, J.A., S. Liao, M.D. Huffman, S.D. Shapiro, and R.W. Thompson. 1998. Expression and localization of macrophage elastase (matrix metalloproteinase-12) in abdominal aortic aneurysms. J. Clin. Invest. 102:1900-1910.
57. Koskinen, S.O., A.M. Ahtikoski, J. Komulainen, M.K. Hesselink, M.R. Drost, and T.E. Takala. 2002. Short-term effects of forced eccentric contractions on collagen synthesis and degradation in rat skeletal muscle. Pflugers Arch. 444:59-12.
58. Nishikawa, M., Y. Yamaguchi, K. Yoshitake, and Y. Saeki. 2002. Effects of TNFalpha and prostaglandin E2 on the expression of MMPs in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J. Periodontal Res. 37:167-176.
59. Nagase, H. 1995. Human stromelysins 1 and 2. Methods Enzymol. 248:449-470.
60. Hao, L., M. Du, A. Lopez-Campistrous, and C. Fernandez-Patron. 2004. Agonist-induced activation of matrix metalloproteinase-7 promotes vasoconstriction through the epidermal growth factor-receptor pathway. Circ. Res. 94:68-76.
61. Yu, W.H. and J.F. Woessner, Jr. 2000. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans as extracellular docking molecules for matrilysin (matrix metalloproteinase 7). J. Biol. Chem. 275:4183-4191.
62. Staskus, P.W., F.R. Masiarz, L.J. Pallanck, and S.P. Hawkes. 1991. The 21-kDa protein is a transformation-sensitive metalloproteinase inhibitor of chicken fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem. 266:449-454.
63. Riley, S.C., R. Leask, F.C. Denison, K. Wisely, A.A. Calder, and D.C. Howe. 1999. Secretion of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases by human fetal membranes, decidua and placenta at parturition. J. Endocrinol. 162:351-359.
64. Mandler, R.N., J.D. Dencoff, F. Midani, C.C. Ford, W. Ahmed, and G.A. Rosenberg. 2001. Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in cerebrospinal fluid differ in multiple sclerosis and Devic's neuromyelitis optica. Brain 124:493-498.
65. Hattori, S., H. Fujisaki, T. Kiriyama, T. Yokoyama, and S. Irie. 2002. Real-time zymography and reverse zymography: a method for detecting activities of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors using FITC-1a-beled collagen and casein as substrates. Anal. Biochem. 301:27-34.
66. Frederiks, W.M. and O.R. Mook. 2004. Metabolic mapping of proteinase activity with emphasis on in situ zymography of gelatinases: review and protocols. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 52:711-722.
67. George, S.J. and J.L. Johnson. 2001. In situ zymography, p. 411-415. In I. Clark (Ed.), Matrix Metalloproteinases Protocols. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ.
68. Yan, S.J. and E.A. Blomme. 2003. In situ zymography: a molecular pathology technique to localize endogenous protease activity in tissue sections. Vet. Pathol. 40:227-236.
69. Oh, L.Y., P.H. Larsen, C.A. Krekoski, D.R. Edwards, F. Donovan, Z. Werb, and V.W. Yong. 1999. Matrix metalloproteinase-9/gelatinase B is required for process outgrowth by oligodendrocytes. J. Neurosci. 19:8464-8475.
70. Mook, O.R., C. Van Overbeek, E.G. Ackema, F. Van Maldegem, and W.M. Frederiks. 2003. In situ localization of gelatinolytic activity in the extracellular matrix of metastases of colon cancer in rat liver using quenched fluorogenic DQ-gelatin. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 51:821-829.
71. Mungall, B.A. and C.C. Pollitt. 2001. In situ zymography: topographical considerations. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 47:169-176.
72. Bremer, C., C.H. Tung, and R. Weissleder. 2001. In vivo molecular target assessment of matrix metalloproteinase inhibition. Nat. Med. 7:743-748.
73. Bremer, C., S. Bredow, U. Mahmood, R. Weissleder, and C.H. Tung. 2001. Optical imaging of matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity in tumors: feasibility study in a mouse model. Radiology 221:523-529.
74. McIntyre, J.O., B. Fingleton, K.S. Wells, D.W. Piston, C.C. Lynch, S. Gautam, and L.M. Matrisian. 2004. Development of a novel fluorogenic proteolytic beacon for in vivo detection and imaging of tumour-associated matrix metalloproteinase-7 activity. Biochem. J. 377:617-628.
75. Wolf, K., R. Muller, S. Borgmann, E.B. Brocker, and P. Friedl. 2003. Amoeboid shape change and contact guidance: T-lymphocyte crawling through fibrillar collagen is independent of matrix remodeling by MMPs and other proteases. Blood 102:3262-3269.
76. Sameni, M., K. Moin, and B.F. Sloane. 2000. Imaging proteolysis by living human breast cancer cells. Neoplasia 2:496-504.
77. Sameni, M., J. Dosescu, and B.F. Sloane. 2001. Imaging proteolysis by living human glioma cells. Biol. Chem. 382:785-788.
78. Okuda, K., A. Miyazaki, M. Momose, M. Murata, T. Nomura, T. Kubota, L.F. Wolff, and H. Yoshie. 2001. Levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 and matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -8 in gingival crevicular fluid following treatment with enamel matrix derivative (EMDOGAIN). J. Periodontal Res. 36:309-316.
79. Kiili, M., S.W. Cox, H.W. Chen, J. Wahlgren, P. Maisi, B.M. Eley, T. Salo, and T. Sorsa. 2002. Collagenase-2 (MMP-8) and collagenase-3 (MMP-13) in adult periodontitis: molecular forms and levels in gingival crevicular fluid and immunolocalisation in gingival tissue. J. Clin. Periodontol 29:224-232.
80. Galis, Z.S., G.K. Sukhova, and P. Libby. 1995. Microscopic localization of active proteases by in situ zymography: detection of matrix metalloproteinase activity in vascular tissue. FASEB J. 9:974-980.
81. Triebel, S., J. Blaser, H. Reinke, and H. Tschesche. 1992. A 25 kDa alpha 2-microglobulin-related protein is a component of the 125 kDa form of human gelatinase. FEBS Lett. 314:386-388.
82. Goldberg, G.I., A. Strongin, I.E. Collier, L.T. Genrich, and B.L. Marmer. 1992. Interaction of 92-kDa type IV coliagenase with the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases prevents dimerization, complex formation with interstitial collagenase, and activation of the proenzyme with stromelysin. J. Biol. Chem. 267:4583-4591.
83. Netzel-Arnett, S., S.K. Mallya, H. Nagase, H. Birkedal-Hansen, and H.E. Van Wart. 1991. Continuously recording fluorescent assays optimized for five human matrix metalloproteinases. Anal. Biochem. 195:86-92.
84. Watanabe, K. and S. Hattori. 2002. Real-time dual zymographic analysis of matrix metalloproteinases using fluorescein-isothiocyante-labeled gelatin and Texas-red-labeled casein. Anal. Biochem. 307:390-392.
85. Wang, X., J. Yi, J. Lei, and D. Pei. 1999. Expression, purification and characterization of recombinant mouse MT5-MMP protein products. FEBS Lett. 402:261-266.
86. English, W.R., G. Velasco, J.O. Stracke, V. Knauper, and G. Murphy. 2001. Catalytic activities of membrane-type 6 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP25). FEBS Lett. 491:137-142.
87. Gioia, M., G.F. Fasciglione, S. Marini, S. D'Alessio, G. De Sanctis, O. Diekmann, M. Pieper, V. Politi, et al. 2002. Modulation of the catalytic activity of neutrophil collagenase MMP-8 on bovine collagen I. Role of the activation cleavage and of the hemopexin-like domain. J. Biol. Chem. 277:23123-23130.
88. McGeehan, G.M., D.M. Bickett, M. Green, D. Kassel, J.S. Wiseman, and J. Herman. 1994. Characterization of the peptide substrate specificities of interstitial collagenase and 92-kDa gelatinase. Implications for substrate optimization. J. Biol. Chem. 269:32814-32820.