메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 35, Issue , 2004, Pages 491-522

Ecological responses to habitat edges: Mechanisms, models, and variability explained

Author keywords

Core area model; Ecological boundary; Ecotone; Edge effect; Effective area model; Habitat fragmentation

Indexed keywords

CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; EDGE EFFECT; ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; HABITAT QUALITY; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE;

EID: 11244286484     PISSN: 00664162     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.112202.130148     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (1085)

References (154)
  • 1
    • 0032411248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drought-induced shift of a forest-woodland ecotone: Rapid landscape response to climate variation
    • Allen CD, Breshears DD. 1998. Drought-induced shift of a forest-woodland ecotone: rapid landscape response to climate variation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:14839-42
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 14839-14842
    • Allen, C.D.1    Breshears, D.D.2
  • 2
    • 0024882811 scopus 로고
    • Evidence of a physiological basis for the boreal-deciduous forest ecotone in North America
    • Arris LL, Eagleson PS. 1989. Evidence of a physiological basis for the boreal-deciduous forest ecotone in North America. Vegetatio 82:55-58
    • (1989) Vegetatio , vol.82 , pp. 55-58
    • Arris, L.L.1    Eagleson, P.S.2
  • 3
    • 0037800372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The edge effect and ecotonal species: Bird communities across a natural edge in southeastern Australia
    • Baker J, French K, Whelan RJ. 2002. The edge effect and ecotonal species: bird communities across a natural edge in southeastern Australia. Ecology 83:3048-59
    • (2002) Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 3048-3059
    • Baker, J.1    French, K.2    Whelan, R.J.3
  • 4
    • 10644265389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When good animals love bad habitats: Ecological traps and the conservation of animal populations
    • In press
    • Battin J. 2004. When good animals love bad habitats: ecological traps and the conservation of animal populations. Conserv. Biol. In press
    • (2004) Conserv. Biol.
    • Battin, J.1
  • 5
    • 11244321463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing landscape-level influences of forest restoration on animal populations
    • ed. P Frederici, Washington, DC: Island
    • Battin J, Sisk TD. 2003. Assessing landscape-level influences of forest restoration on animal populations. In Ecological Restoration of Southwestern Ponderosa Pine Forests, ed. P Frederici, pp. 175-90. Washington, DC: Island
    • (2003) Ecological Restoration of Southwestern Ponderosa Pine Forests , pp. 175-190
    • Battin, J.1    Sisk, T.D.2
  • 6
    • 0036324155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avifaunal collapse in West African forest fragments
    • Beier P, Van Drielen M, Kankam BO. 2002. Avifaunal collapse in West African forest fragments. Conserv. Biol. 16:1097-111
    • (2002) Conserv. Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 1097-1111
    • Beier, P.1    Van Drielen, M.2    Kankam, B.O.3
  • 7
    • 0031853057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat loss and population decline: A meta-analysis of the patch size effect
    • Bender DJ, Contreras TA, Fahrig L. 1998. Habitat loss and population decline: a meta-analysis of the patch size effect. Ecology 79: 517-33
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 517-533
    • Bender, D.J.1    Contreras, T.A.2    Fahrig, L.3
  • 8
    • 0034484450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arthropods in urban habitat fragments in southern California: Area, age, and edge effects
    • Bolger DT, Suarez AV, Crooks KR, Morrison SA, Case TJ. 2000. Arthropods in urban habitat fragments in southern California: area, age, and edge effects. Ecol. Appl. 10:1230-48
    • (2000) Ecol. Appl. , vol.10 , pp. 1230-1248
    • Bolger, D.T.1    Suarez, A.V.2    Crooks, K.R.3    Morrison, S.A.4    Case, T.J.5
  • 9
    • 0027834676 scopus 로고
    • Predation hazard and seed removal by small mammals - Microhabitat versus patch scale effects
    • Bowers MA, Dooley JL. 1993. Predation hazard and seed removal by small mammals - microhabitat versus patch scale effects. Oecologia 94:247-54
    • (1993) Oecologia , vol.94 , pp. 247-254
    • Bowers, M.A.1    Dooley, J.L.2
  • 10
    • 0026066143 scopus 로고
    • Response of a monsoon forest-savanna boundary to fire protection, Weipa, northern Australia
    • Bowman D, Fensham RJ. 1991. Response of a monsoon forest-savanna boundary to fire protection, Weipa, northern Australia. Aust. J. Ecol. 16:111-18
    • (1991) Aust. J. Ecol. , vol.16 , pp. 111-118
    • Bowman, D.1    Fensham, R.J.2
  • 12
    • 0034794404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of passerine birds to forest edge in coast redwood forest fragments
    • Brand LA, George TL. 2001. Response of passerine birds to forest edge in coast redwood forest fragments. Auk 118:678-86
    • (2001) Auk , vol.118 , pp. 678-686
    • Brand, L.A.1    George, T.L.2
  • 13
    • 0002899381 scopus 로고
    • Have cowbirds caused forest songbirds to decline?
    • Brittingham MC, Temple SA. 1983. Have cowbirds caused forest songbirds to decline? BioScience 33:31-35
    • (1983) BioScience , vol.33 , pp. 31-35
    • Brittingham, M.C.1    Temple, S.A.2
  • 14
    • 0035712902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food hoarding behaviour of black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) in relation to forest edges
    • Brotons L, Desrochers A, Turcotte Y. 2001. Food hoarding behaviour of black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) in relation to forest edges. Oikos 95:511-19
    • (2001) Oikos , vol.95 , pp. 511-519
    • Brotons, L.1    Desrochers, A.2    Turcotte, Y.3
  • 15
    • 0031811887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Migration of vascular plants to secondary woodlands in southern Sweden
    • Brunet J, von Oheimb G. 1998. Migration of vascular plants to secondary woodlands in southern Sweden. J. Ecol. 86:429-38
    • (1998) J. Ecol. , vol.86 , pp. 429-438
    • Brunet, J.1    Von Oheimb, G.2
  • 16
    • 0031906547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of food abundance, nest-site habitat, and forest fragmentation on breeding ovenbirds
    • Burke DM, Nol E. 1998. Influence of food abundance, nest-site habitat, and forest fragmentation on breeding ovenbirds. Auk 115:96-104
    • (1998) Auk , vol.115 , pp. 96-104
    • Burke, D.M.1    Nol, E.2
  • 17
    • 0034093481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking forest edge structure to edge function: Mediation of herbivore damage
    • Cadenasse ML, Pickett STA. 2000. Linking forest edge structure to edge function: mediation of herbivore damage. J. Ecol. 88:31-44
    • (2000) J. Ecol. , vol.88 , pp. 31-44
    • Cadenasse, M.L.1    Pickett, S.T.A.2
  • 18
    • 0035127313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of edge structure on the flux of species into forest interiors
    • Cadenasse ML, Pickett STA. 2001. Effect of edge structure on the flux of species into forest interiors. Conserv. Biol. 15:91-97
    • (2001) Conserv. Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 91-97
    • Cadenasse, M.L.1    Pickett, S.T.A.2
  • 20
    • 0030808205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional location of forest edges: Gradients of multiple physical factors
    • Cadenasse ML, Traynor MM, Pickett STA. 1997. Functional location of forest edges: gradients of multiple physical factors. Can. J. For. Res. 27:774-82
    • (1997) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.27 , pp. 774-782
    • Cadenasse, M.L.1    Traynor, M.M.2    Pickett, S.T.A.3
  • 21
    • 0036689945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of the tundra-taiga boundary: An overview and suggested coordinated and integrated approach to research
    • Callaghan TV, Crawford RMM, Eronen M, Hofgaard A, Payette S, et al. 2002. The dynamics of the tundra-taiga boundary: an overview and suggested coordinated and integrated approach to research. Ambio 12:3-5
    • (2002) Ambio , vol.12 , pp. 3-5
    • Callaghan, T.V.1    Crawford, R.M.M.2    Eronen, M.3    Hofgaard, A.4    Payette, S.5
  • 22
    • 0032239729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competitive reversals inside ecological reserves: The role of external habitat degradation
    • Cantrell RS, Cosner C, Fagan WF. 1998. Competitive reversals inside ecological reserves: the role of external habitat degradation. J. Math. Biol. 37:491-533
    • (1998) J. Math. Biol. , vol.37 , pp. 491-533
    • Cantrell, R.S.1    Cosner, C.2    Fagan, W.F.3
  • 23
    • 0036628297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Songbird nest predators in forest-pasture edge and forest interior in a fragmented landscape
    • Chalfoun AD, Ratnaswamy MJ, Thompson FR. 2002a. Songbird nest predators in forest-pasture edge and forest interior in a fragmented landscape. Ecol. Appl. 12:858-67
    • (2002) Ecol. Appl. , vol.12 , pp. 858-867
    • Chalfoun, A.D.1    Ratnaswamy, M.J.2    Thompson, F.R.3
  • 24
    • 0036222779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nest predators and fragmentation: A review and meta-analysis
    • Chalfoun AD, Thompson FR, Ratnaswamy MJ. 2002b. Nest predators and fragmentation: a review and meta-analysis. Conserv. Biol. 16:306-18
    • (2002) Conserv. Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 306-318
    • Chalfoun, A.D.1    Thompson, F.R.2    Ratnaswamy, M.J.3
  • 25
    • 0020217727 scopus 로고
    • Avian habitat suitability along a transmission-line corridor in an oak-hickory forest region
    • Chasko GG, Gates JE. 1982. Avian habitat suitability along a transmission-line corridor in an oak-hickory forest region. Wildl. Monogr. 82:1-41
    • (1982) Wildl. Monogr. , vol.82 , pp. 1-41
    • Chasko, G.G.1    Gates, J.E.2
  • 26
    • 0028824581 scopus 로고
    • Growing-season microclimatic gradients from clearcut edges into old-growth Douglas-fir forests
    • Chen J, Franklin JF, Spies TA. 1995. Growing-season microclimatic gradients from clearcut edges into old-growth Douglas-fir forests. Ecol. Appl. 5:74-86
    • (1995) Ecol. Appl. , vol.5 , pp. 74-86
    • Chen, J.1    Franklin, J.F.2    Spies, T.A.3
  • 28
    • 0036221757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation boundary detection: A comparison of two approaches applied to field data
    • Choesin D, Boerner REJ. 2002. Vegetation boundary detection: a comparison of two approaches applied to field data. Plant Ecol. 158:85-96
    • (2002) Plant Ecol. , vol.158 , pp. 85-96
    • Choesin, D.1    Boerner, R.E.J.2
  • 30
    • 0034959246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of distance from forest edge on seed rain and soil seed bank in a tropical pasture
    • Cubiña A, Aide TM. 2001. The effect of distance from forest edge on seed rain and soil seed bank in a tropical pasture. Biotropica 33:260-67
    • (2001) Biotropica , vol.33 , pp. 260-267
    • Cubiña, A.1    Aide, T.M.2
  • 31
    • 0034913714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of within- and between-patch processes on community dynamics in a fragmentation experiment
    • Davies KF, Melbourne BA, Margules CR. 2001. Effects of within- and between-patch processes on community dynamics in a fragmentation experiment. Ecology 82:1830-46
    • (2001) Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 1830-1846
    • Davies, K.F.1    Melbourne, B.A.2    Margules, C.R.3
  • 32
    • 0034496512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding avian responses to forest boundaries: A case study with chickadee winter flocks
    • Desrochers A, Fortin MJ. 2000. Understanding avian responses to forest boundaries: a case study with chickadee winter flocks. Oikos 91:376-84
    • (2000) Oikos , vol.91 , pp. 376-384
    • Desrochers, A.1    Fortin, M.J.2
  • 34
    • 0032771273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edge structure determines the magnitude of changes in microclimate and vegetation structure in tropical forest fragments
    • Didham RK, Lawton JH. 1999. Edge structure determines the magnitude of changes in microclimate and vegetation structure in tropical forest fragments. Biotropica 31:17-30
    • (1999) Biotropica , vol.31 , pp. 17-30
    • Didham, R.K.1    Lawton, J.H.2
  • 35
    • 0037454789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of the effect of logging on the understory light environment in riparian buffer strips in a southeast Australian forest
    • Dignan P, Bren L. 2003a. A study of the effect of logging on the understory light environment in riparian buffer strips in a southeast Australian forest. For. Ecol. Manag. 172:161-72
    • (2003) For. Ecol. Manag. , vol.172 , pp. 161-172
    • Dignan, P.1    Bren, L.2
  • 36
    • 0038721283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling light penetration edge effects for stream buffer design in mountain ash forest in southeastern Australia
    • Dignan P, Bren L. 2003b. Modelling light penetration edge effects for stream buffer design in mountain ash forest in southeastern Australia. For. Ecol. Manag. 179:95-106
    • (2003) For. Ecol. Manag. , vol.179 , pp. 95-106
    • Dignan, P.1    Bren, L.2
  • 37
    • 0141906776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of forest fragmentation on the granivory of differently sized seeds
    • Donoso DS, Grez AA, Simonetti JA. 2003. Effects of forest fragmentation on the granivory of differently sized seeds. Biol. Conserv. 115: 63-70
    • (2003) Biol. Conserv. , vol.115 , pp. 63-70
    • Donoso, D.S.1    Grez, A.A.2    Simonetti, J.A.3
  • 38
    • 0031284552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in local-scale edge effects: Mechanisms and landscape context
    • Donovan TM, Jones PW, Annand EM, Thompson FR. 1997. Variation in local-scale edge effects: mechanisms and landscape context. Ecology 78:2064-75
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 2064-2075
    • Donovan, T.M.1    Jones, P.W.2    Annand, E.M.3    Thompson, F.R.4
  • 39
    • 0025673143 scopus 로고
    • Population movements of arthropods between natural and cultivated areas
    • Duelli P, Studer M, Marchand I, Jakob S. 1990. Population movements of arthropods between natural and cultivated areas. Biol. Conserv. 54:193-207
    • (1990) Biol. Conserv. , vol.54 , pp. 193-207
    • Duelli, P.1    Studer, M.2    Marchand, I.3    Jakob, S.4
  • 40
    • 0001247839 scopus 로고
    • Ecological processes that affect populations in complex landscapes
    • Dunning JB, Danielson BJ, Pulliam HR. 1992. Ecological processes that affect populations in complex landscapes. Oikos 65:169-75
    • (1992) Oikos , vol.65 , pp. 169-175
    • Dunning, J.B.1    Danielson, B.J.2    Pulliam, H.R.3
  • 42
    • 0032991090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How habitat edges change species interactions
    • Fagan WF, Cantrell RS, Cosner C. 1999. How habitat edges change species interactions. Am. Nat. 153:165-82
    • (1999) Am. Nat. , vol.153 , pp. 165-182
    • Fagan, W.F.1    Cantrell, R.S.2    Cosner, C.3
  • 43
    • 0041653274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating edge detection and dynamic modeling in quantitative analyses of ecological boundaries
    • Pagan WF, Fortin MJ, Soykan C. 2003. Integrating edge detection and dynamic modeling in quantitative analyses of ecological boundaries. BioScience 53:730-38
    • (2003) BioScience , vol.53 , pp. 730-738
    • Pagan, W.F.1    Fortin, M.J.2    Soykan, C.3
  • 44
    • 0842322908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity
    • Fahrig L. 2003. Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 34:487-515
    • (2003) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.34 , pp. 487-515
    • Fahrig, L.1
  • 45
    • 0036534340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex edge effect fields as additive processes in patches of ecological systems
    • Fernández C, Acosta FJ, Abellá G, López F, Díaz M. 2002. Complex edge effect fields as additive processes in patches of ecological systems. Ecol. Model. 149:273-83
    • (2002) Ecol. Model. , vol.149 , pp. 273-283
    • Fernández, C.1    Acosta, F.J.2    Abellá, G.3    López, F.4    Díaz, M.5
  • 46
    • 0034858396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avian spatial segregation at edges and interiors of urban parks in Madrid, Spain
    • Fernández-Juricic E. 2001. Avian spatial segregation at edges and interiors of urban parks in Madrid, Spain. Biodivers. Conserv. 10:1303-16
    • (2001) Biodivers. Conserv. , vol.10 , pp. 1303-1316
    • Fernández-Juricic, E.1
  • 47
    • 0035126791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of forest edges on ovenbird demography in a managed forest landscape
    • Flaspohler DJ, Temple SA, Rosenfield RN. 2001. Effects of forest edges on ovenbird demography in a managed forest landscape. Conserv. Biol. 15:173-83
    • (2001) Conserv. Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 173-183
    • Flaspohler, D.J.1    Temple, S.A.2    Rosenfield, R.N.3
  • 49
    • 0036816034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat and landscape associations of breeding birds in restored and native grasslands
    • Fletcher RJ, Koford RR. 2002. Habitat and landscape associations of breeding birds in restored and native grasslands. J. Wildl. Manag. 66:1011-22
    • (2002) J. Wildl. Manag. , vol.66 , pp. 1011-1022
    • Fletcher, R.J.1    Koford, R.R.2
  • 50
    • 0041422535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial responses of bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) near different types of edges in northern Iowa
    • Fletcher RJ, Koford RR. 2003. Spatial responses of bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) near different types of edges in northern Iowa. Auk 120:799-810
    • (2003) Auk , vol.120 , pp. 799-810
    • Fletcher, R.J.1    Koford, R.R.2
  • 51
    • 0028177786 scopus 로고
    • Edge detection algorithms for two-dimensional ecological data
    • Fortin MJ. 1994. Edge detection algorithms for two-dimensional ecological data. Ecology 75:956-65
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 956-965
    • Fortin, M.J.1
  • 52
    • 0028162742 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation responses along edge-to-interior gradients in the mixed hardwood forests of the Roanoke River basin, North Carolina
    • Fraver S. 1994. Vegetation responses along edge-to-interior gradients in the mixed hardwood forests of the Roanoke River basin, North Carolina. Conserv. Biol. 8:822-32
    • (1994) Conserv. Biol. , vol.8 , pp. 822-832
    • Fraver, S.1
  • 53
    • 0000933667 scopus 로고
    • Avian nest dispersion and fledging success in field-forest ecotones
    • Gates JE, Gysel LW. 1978. Avian nest dispersion and fledging success in field-forest ecotones. Ecology 59:871-83
    • (1978) Ecology , vol.59 , pp. 871-883
    • Gates, J.E.1    Gysel, L.W.2
  • 54
    • 0033034007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corridor use predicted from behaviors at habitat boundaries
    • Haddad NM. 1999. Corridor use predicted from behaviors at habitat boundaries. Am. Nat. 153:215-27
    • (1999) Am. Nat. , vol.153 , pp. 215-227
    • Haddad, N.M.1
  • 55
    • 0033134693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An experimental test of corridor effects on butterfly densities
    • Haddad NM, Baum KA. 1999. An experimental test of corridor effects on butterfly densities. Ecol. Appl. 9:623-33
    • (1999) Ecol. Appl. , vol.9 , pp. 623-633
    • Haddad, N.M.1    Baum, K.A.2
  • 56
    • 0035104637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure and composition of riparian boreal forest: New methods for analyzing edge influence
    • Harper KA, MacDonald SE. 2001. Structure and composition of riparian boreal forest: new methods for analyzing edge influence. Ecology 82:649-59
    • (2001) Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 649-659
    • Harper, K.A.1    MacDonald, S.E.2
  • 57
    • 84989419823 scopus 로고
    • Edge effects and conservation of biotic diversity
    • Harris LD. 1988. Edge effects and conservation of biotic diversity. Conserv. Biol. 2:330-32
    • (1988) Conserv. Biol. , vol.2 , pp. 330-332
    • Harris, L.D.1
  • 58
    • 0036436310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of forest-clearcut edges on a forest-breeding songbird
    • Harris RJ, Reed JM. 2002. Effects of forest-clearcut edges on a forest-breeding songbird. Can. J. Zool. 80:1026-37
    • (2002) Can. J. Zool. , vol.80 , pp. 1026-1037
    • Harris, R.J.1    Reed, J.M.2
  • 59
    • 0031923918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of forest cover, edge effects, and artificial nest predation rates
    • Hartley MJ, Hunter ML. 1998. A meta-analysis of forest cover, edge effects, and artificial nest predation rates. Conserv. Biol. 12:465-69
    • (1998) Conserv. Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 465-469
    • Hartley, M.J.1    Hunter, M.L.2
  • 60
    • 0034074521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of forest roads on macroinvertebrate soil fauna of the southern Appalachian mountains
    • Haskell DG. 2000. Effects of forest roads on macroinvertebrate soil fauna of the southern Appalachian mountains. Conserv. Biol. 14:57-63
    • (2000) Conserv. Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 57-63
    • Haskell, D.G.1
  • 61
    • 0037093665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Permeability of ancient forest edges for weedy plant species invasion
    • Honnay O, Verheyen K, Hermy M. 2002. Permeability of ancient forest edges for weedy plant species invasion. For. Ecol. Manag. 161:109-22
    • (2002) For. Ecol. Manag. , vol.161 , pp. 109-122
    • Honnay, O.1    Verheyen, K.2    Hermy, M.3
  • 62
    • 0141797629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are forest birds categorised as "edge species" strictly associated with edges?
    • Imbeau L, Drapeau P, Mönkkönen M. 2003. Are forest birds categorised as "edge species" strictly associated with edges? Ecography 26:514-20
    • (2003) Ecography , vol.26 , pp. 514-520
    • Imbeau, L.1    Drapeau, P.2    Mönkkönen, M.3
  • 63
    • 0037271015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seed dispersal by wind, birds, and bats between Philippine montane rainforest and successional vegetation
    • Ingle NR. 2003. Seed dispersal by wind, birds, and bats between Philippine montane rainforest and successional vegetation. Oecologia 134:251-61
    • (2003) Oecologia , vol.134 , pp. 251-261
    • Ingle, N.R.1
  • 64
    • 0033673328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microhabitat use, giving-up densities and temporal activity as short- and long-term anti-predator behaviors in common voles
    • Jacob J, Brown JS. 2000. Microhabitat use, giving-up densities and temporal activity as short- and long-term anti-predator behaviors in common voles. Oikos 91:131-38
    • (2000) Oikos , vol.91 , pp. 131-138
    • Jacob, J.1    Brown, J.S.2
  • 65
    • 0002369464 scopus 로고
    • Breeding birds of the forest edge in Illinois
    • Johnston VR. 1947. Breeding birds of the forest edge in Illinois. Condor 49:45-53
    • (1947) Condor , vol.49 , pp. 45-53
    • Johnston, V.R.1
  • 66
    • 0032767238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of reduced trillium recruitment along edges of old-growth forest fragments
    • Jules ES, Rathcke BJ. 1999. Mechanisms of reduced trillium recruitment along edges of old-growth forest fragments. Conserv. Biol. 13:784-93
    • (1999) Conserv. Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 784-793
    • Jules, E.S.1    Rathcke, B.J.2
  • 67
    • 0024932637 scopus 로고
    • Effects of isolation on water status of forest patches in the Brazilian Amazon
    • Kapos V. 1989. Effects of isolation on water status of forest patches in the Brazilian Amazon. J. Trop. Ecol. 5:173-85
    • (1989) J. Trop. Ecol. , vol.5 , pp. 173-185
    • Kapos, V.1
  • 68
    • 0030917348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of clearcut borders on distribution and abundance of forest birds in northern New Hampshire
    • King DI, Griffin CR, DeGraaf RM. 1997. Effect of clearcut borders on distribution and abundance of forest birds in northern New Hampshire. Wilson Bull. 109:239-45
    • (1997) Wilson Bull. , vol.109 , pp. 239-245
    • King, D.I.1    Griffin, C.R.2    Degraaf, R.M.3
  • 69
    • 85047683812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voles looking for an edge: Habitat selection across forest ecotones
    • Kingston SR, Morris DW. 2000. Voles looking for an edge: habitat selection across forest ecotones. Can. J. Zool. 78:2174-83
    • (2000) Can. J. Zool. , vol.78 , pp. 2174-2183
    • Kingston, S.R.1    Morris, D.W.2
  • 70
    • 0036219846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A half century of change in alpine treeline patterns at Glacier National Park, Montana, USA
    • Klasner FL, Fagre DB. 2002. A half century of change in alpine treeline patterns at Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. 34:49-56
    • (2002) Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. , vol.34 , pp. 49-56
    • Klasner, F.L.1    Fagre, D.B.2
  • 71
    • 0036954525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal dynamics of turtle nest predation: Edge effects
    • Kolbe JJ, Janzen FJ. 2002. Spatial and temporal dynamics of turtle nest predation: edge effects. Oikos 99:538-44
    • (2002) Oikos , vol.99 , pp. 538-544
    • Kolbe, J.J.1    Janzen, F.J.2
  • 72
    • 0027091426 scopus 로고
    • Testing responses to forest edges: The example of black-tailed deer
    • Kremsater LL, Bunnell FL. 1992. Testing responses to forest edges: the example of black-tailed deer. Can. J. Zool. 70:2426-35
    • (1992) Can. J. Zool. , vol.70 , pp. 2426-2435
    • Kremsater, L.L.1    Bunnell, F.L.2
  • 73
    • 0038625160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative causes of edge-abundance relationships in birds and small mammals of California coastal sage scrub
    • Kristan WB, Lynam AJ, Price MV, Rotenberry JT. 2003. Alternative causes of edge-abundance relationships in birds and small mammals of California coastal sage scrub. Ecography 26:29-44
    • (2003) Ecography , vol.26 , pp. 29-44
    • Kristan, W.B.1    Lynam, A.J.2    Price, M.V.3    Rotenberry, J.T.4
  • 74
    • 0001548047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The "edge effect on nest predation" hypothesis after twenty years
    • Lahti DC. 2001. The "edge effect on nest predation" hypothesis after twenty years. Biol. Conserv. 99:365-74
    • (2001) Biol. Conserv. , vol.99 , pp. 365-374
    • Lahti, D.C.1
  • 75
    • 0026281883 scopus 로고
    • Edge effects in tropical forest fragments: Application of a model for the design of nature reserves
    • Laurance WF. 1991. Edge effects in tropical forest fragments: application of a model for the design of nature reserves. Biol. Conserv. 57:205-19
    • (1991) Biol. Conserv. , vol.57 , pp. 205-219
    • Laurance, W.F.1
  • 76
    • 0034019473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do edge effects occur over large spatial scales?
    • Laurance WF. 2000. Do edge effects occur over large spatial scales? Trends Ecol. Evol. 15:134-35
    • (2000) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.15 , pp. 134-135
    • Laurance, W.F.1
  • 78
    • 0025954226 scopus 로고
    • Predicting the impacts of edge effects in fragmented habitats
    • Laurance WF, Yensen E. 1991. Predicting the impacts of edge effects in fragmented habitats. Biol. Conserv. 55:77-92
    • (1991) Biol. Conserv. , vol.55 , pp. 77-92
    • Laurance, W.F.1    Yensen, E.2
  • 79
    • 0012911966 scopus 로고
    • How valuable are woodland clearings to birdlife?
    • Lay DW. 1938. How valuable are woodland clearings to birdlife? Wilson Bull. 50:254-56
    • (1938) Wilson Bull. , vol.50 , pp. 254-256
    • Lay, D.W.1
  • 80
    • 0004254008 scopus 로고
    • New York: Charles Scribner's Sons
    • Leopold A. 1933. Game Management. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons
    • (1933) Game Management
    • Leopold, A.1
  • 81
    • 0345425731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of mammals to habitat edges: An overview
    • Lidicker WZ. 1999. Responses of mammals to habitat edges: an overview. Landsc. Ecol. 14:333-43
    • (1999) Landsc. Ecol. , vol.14 , pp. 333-343
    • Lidicker, W.Z.1
  • 82
    • 0002473246 scopus 로고
    • Brown-headed cowbird
    • ed. A Poole, F Gill. Philadelphia, PA: Birds N. Am.
    • Lowther PE. 1993. Brown-headed cowbird. In The Birds of North America, No. 47, ed. A Poole, F Gill. Philadelphia, PA: Birds N. Am.
    • (1993) The Birds of North America, No. 47
    • Lowther, P.E.1
  • 83
    • 0028165156 scopus 로고
    • Edge effects in central Amazonian forest fragments
    • Malcolm JR. 1994. Edge effects in central Amazonian forest fragments. Ecology 75:2438-45
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 2438-2445
    • Malcolm, J.R.1
  • 84
    • 0033857668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breeding bird density in woodlots: Effects of depth and buildings at the edges
    • Mancke RG, Gavin TA. 2000. Breeding bird density in woodlots: effects of depth and buildings at the edges. Ecol. Appl. 10:598-611
    • (2000) Ecol. Appl. , vol.10 , pp. 598-611
    • Mancke, R.G.1    Gavin, T.A.2
  • 85
    • 0035666260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of rodent herbivores on tree invasion dynamics along forest-field edges
    • Manson RH, Ostfeld RS, Canham CD. 2001. Long-term effects of rodent herbivores on tree invasion dynamics along forest-field edges. Ecology 82:3320-29
    • (2001) Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 3320-3329
    • Manson, R.H.1    Ostfeld, R.S.2    Canham, C.D.3
  • 86
    • 0031779145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Links between microhabitat preferences and seed predation by small mammals in old fields
    • Manson RH, Stiles EW. 1998. Links between microhabitat preferences and seed predation by small mammals in old fields. Oikos 82:37-50
    • (1998) Oikos , vol.82 , pp. 37-50
    • Manson, R.H.1    Stiles, E.W.2
  • 87
    • 0000368285 scopus 로고
    • The bionomics of the aspen blotch miner, Lithocolletis salicifolia Cham. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
    • Martin JL. 1956. The bionomics of the aspen blotch miner, Lithocolletis salicifolia Cham. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Can. Ent. 88:155-70
    • (1956) Can. Ent. , vol.88 , pp. 155-170
    • Martin, J.L.1
  • 88
    • 0027806342 scopus 로고
    • Microenvironment variation within and among forest edge sites in the eastern United States
    • Matlack GR. 1993. Microenvironment variation within and among forest edge sites in the eastern United States. Biol. Conserv. 66:185-94
    • (1993) Biol. Conserv. , vol.66 , pp. 185-194
    • Matlack, G.R.1
  • 89
    • 0036971304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boundary effects on dispersal between habitat patches by forest birds (Parus major, P. caeruleus)
    • Matthysen E. 2002. Boundary effects on dispersal between habitat patches by forest birds (Parus major, P. caeruleus). Landsc. Ecol. 17:509-15
    • (2002) Landsc. Ecol. , vol.17 , pp. 509-515
    • Matthysen, E.1
  • 90
    • 0031811095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest edges and habitat selection in birds: A functional approach
    • McCollin D. 1998. Forest edges and habitat selection in birds: a functional approach. Ecography 21:247-60
    • (1998) Ecography , vol.21 , pp. 247-260
    • McCollin, D.1
  • 91
    • 0035680608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microclimatic changes induced by ecological restoration of ponderosa pine forests in northern Arizona
    • Meyer CL, Sisk TD, Covington WW. 2001. Microclimatic changes induced by ecological restoration of ponderosa pine forests in northern Arizona. Rest. Ecol. 9:443-52
    • (2001) Rest. Ecol. , vol.9 , pp. 443-452
    • Meyer, C.L.1    Sisk, T.D.2    Covington, W.W.3
  • 92
    • 0028974711 scopus 로고
    • Edge effects and isolation: Red-backed voles on forest remnants
    • Mills LS. 1995. Edge effects and isolation: red-backed voles on forest remnants. Conserv. Biol. 9:395-402
    • (1995) Conserv. Biol. , vol.9 , pp. 395-402
    • Mills, L.S.1
  • 93
    • 0042761749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edge effects on liverworts and lichens in forest patches in a mosaic of boreal forest and wetland
    • Moen J, Jonsson BG. 2003. Edge effects on liverworts and lichens in forest patches in a mosaic of boreal forest and wetland. Conserv. Biol. 17:380-88
    • (2003) Conserv. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 380-388
    • Moen, J.1    Jonsson, B.G.2
  • 94
    • 0031862387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of invasion of an urban remnant of a species-rich grassland in southeastern Australia by non-native plant species
    • Morgan JW. 1998. Patterns of invasion of an urban remnant of a species-rich grassland in southeastern Australia by non-native plant species. J. Veg. Sci. 9:181-90
    • (1998) J. Veg. Sci. , vol.9 , pp. 181-190
    • Morgan, J.W.1
  • 95
    • 0030799273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimally foraging deer mice in prairie mosaics: A test of habitat theory and absence of landscape effects
    • Morris DW. 1997. Optimally foraging deer mice in prairie mosaics: a test of habitat theory and absence of landscape effects. Oikos 80:31-42
    • (1997) Oikos , vol.80 , pp. 31-42
    • Morris, D.W.1
  • 96
    • 0028973860 scopus 로고
    • Edge effects in fragmented forests: Implications for conservation
    • Murcia C. 1995. Edge effects in fragmented forests: implications for conservation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 10:58-62
    • (1995) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.10 , pp. 58-62
    • Murcia, C.1
  • 97
    • 0038623561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wooded habitat edges as refugia from microtine herbivory in tallgrass prairies
    • Nickel AM, Danielson BJ, Moloney KA. 2003. Wooded habitat edges as refugia from microtine herbivory in tallgrass prairies. Oikos 100:525-33
    • (2003) Oikos , vol.100 , pp. 525-533
    • Nickel, A.M.1    Danielson, B.J.2    Moloney, K.A.3
  • 98
    • 0003020385 scopus 로고
    • Effects of edge and internal patchiness on avian habitat use in an old-growth Florida hammock
    • Noss RF. 1991. Effects of edge and internal patchiness on avian habitat use in an old-growth Florida hammock. Nat. Areas J. 11:34-41
    • (1991) Nat. Areas J. , vol.11 , pp. 34-41
    • Noss, R.F.1
  • 99
    • 0032125304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The core area concept in forming contiguous areas for long-term forest planning
    • Ohman K, Eriksson LO. 1998. The core area concept in forming contiguous areas for long-term forest planning. Can. J. For. Res. 28:1032-39
    • (1998) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.28 , pp. 1032-1039
    • Ohman, K.1    Eriksson, L.O.2
  • 100
    • 0032697510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of forest roads on habitat quality for ovenbirds in a forested landscape
    • Ortega YK, Capen DE. 1999. Effects of forest roads on habitat quality for ovenbirds in a forested landscape. Auk 116:937-46
    • (1999) Auk , vol.116 , pp. 937-946
    • Ortega, Y.K.1    Capen, D.E.2
  • 101
    • 0030614011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of rodents on survival of tree seeds and seedlings invading old fields
    • Ostfeld RS, Manson RH, Canham CD. 1997. Effects of rodents on survival of tree seeds and seedlings invading old fields. Ecology 78:1531-42
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 1531-1542
    • Ostfeld, R.S.1    Manson, R.H.2    Canham, C.D.3
  • 102
    • 0028179752 scopus 로고
    • The effect of edge on avian nest success: How strong is the evidence?
    • Paton PWC. 1994. The effect of edge on avian nest success: How strong is the evidence? Conserv. Biol. 8:17-26
    • (1994) Conserv. Biol. , vol.8 , pp. 17-26
    • Paton, P.W.C.1
  • 103
    • 0038394250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attack density and breeding success of bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) at different distances from forest-clearcut edge
    • Peltonen M, Heliövaara K. 1999. Attack density and breeding success of bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) at different distances from forest-clearcut edge. Agric. For. Ent. 1:237-42
    • (1999) Agric. For. Ent. , vol.1 , pp. 237-242
    • Peltonen, M.1    Heliövaara, K.2
  • 104
    • 0038179520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A particular case and a general pattern: Hyperaggressive behavior by one species may mediate avifaunal decreases in fragmented Australian forests
    • Piper SD, Catterall CP. 2003. A particular case and a general pattern: hyperaggressive behavior by one species may mediate avifaunal decreases in fragmented Australian forests. Oikos 101:602-14
    • (2003) Oikos , vol.101 , pp. 602-614
    • Piper, S.D.1    Catterall, C.P.2
  • 105
    • 0345486988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clutch size, egg survival and migration distance in the agile frog (Rana dalmatina) in a floodplain
    • Ponsero A, Joly P. 1998. Clutch size, egg survival and migration distance in the agile frog (Rana dalmatina) in a floodplain. Arch. Hydrobiol. 142:343-52
    • (1998) Arch. Hydrobiol. , vol.142 , pp. 343-352
    • Ponsero, A.1    Joly, P.2
  • 106
    • 0032996239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seeds and seedlings of two neotropical montane understory shrubs respond differently to anthropogenic edges and treefall gaps
    • Restrepo C, Vargas A. 1999. Seeds and seedlings of two neotropical montane understory shrubs respond differently to anthropogenic edges and treefall gaps. Oecologia 119:419-26
    • (1999) Oecologia , vol.119 , pp. 419-426
    • Restrepo, C.1    Vargas, A.2
  • 108
    • 0034803191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butterfly responses to habitat edges in the highly fragmented prairies of central Iowa
    • Ries L, Debinski DM. 2001. Butterfly responses to habitat edges in the highly fragmented prairies of central Iowa. J. Anim. Ecol. 70:840-52
    • (2001) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.70 , pp. 840-852
    • Ries, L.1    Debinski, D.M.2
  • 109
    • 0141993517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat edges as a potential ecological trap for an insect predator
    • Ries L, Fagan WF. 2003. Habitat edges as a potential ecological trap for an insect predator. Ecol. Ent. 28:567-72
    • (2003) Ecol. Ent. , vol.28 , pp. 567-572
    • Ries, L.1    Fagan, W.F.2
  • 110
    • 9244229587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A predictive model of edge effects
    • In press
    • Ries L, Sisk TD. 2004. A predictive model of edge effects. Ecology. In press
    • (2004) Ecology
    • Ries, L.1    Sisk, T.D.2
  • 111
    • 0035101087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Talus fragmentation mitigates the effects of pikas, Ochotona princeps, on high alpine meadows
    • Roach WJ, Huntly N, Inouye R. 2001. Talus fragmentation mitigates the effects of pikas, Ochotona princeps, on high alpine meadows. Oikos 92:315-24
    • (2001) Oikos , vol.92 , pp. 315-324
    • Roach, W.J.1    Huntly, N.2    Inouye, R.3
  • 112
    • 0027871651 scopus 로고
    • Large-scale forest fragmentation increases the duration of tent caterpillar outbreak
    • Roland J. 1993. Large-scale forest fragmentation increases the duration of tent caterpillar outbreak. Oecologia 93:25-30
    • (1993) Oecologia , vol.93 , pp. 25-30
    • Roland, J.1
  • 113
    • 0028983731 scopus 로고
    • Reduced transmission of forest tent caterpillar (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae) nuclear polyhedrosis virus at the forest edge
    • Roland J, Kaupp WJ. 1995. Reduced transmission of forest tent caterpillar (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae) nuclear polyhedrosis virus at the forest edge. Environ. Ent. 24:1175-78
    • (1995) Environ. Ent. , vol.24 , pp. 1175-1178
    • Roland, J.1    Kaupp, W.J.2
  • 114
    • 0030614076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in floristic composition of urban bushland invaded by Pittosporum undulatum in northern Sydney, Australia
    • Rose S, Fairweather PG. 1997. Changes in floristic composition of urban bushland invaded by Pittosporum undulatum in northern Sydney, Australia. Aust. J. Bot. 45:123-49
    • (1997) Aust. J. Bot. , vol.45 , pp. 123-149
    • Rose, S.1    Fairweather, P.G.2
  • 115
    • 0000612989 scopus 로고
    • Effects of forest fragmentation on vertebrates in douglas-fir forests
    • ed. J Verner, ML Morrison, CJ Ralph, Madison: Univ. Wis. Press
    • Rosenberg KV, Raphael MG. 1986. Effects of forest fragmentation on vertebrates in douglas-fir forests. In Wildlife 2000: Modeling Habitat Relationships of Terrestrial Vertebrates, ed. J Verner, ML Morrison, CJ Ralph, pp. 263-72. Madison: Univ. Wis. Press
    • (1986) Wildlife 2000: Modeling Habitat Relationships of Terrestrial Vertebrates , pp. 263-272
    • Rosenberg, K.V.1    Raphael, M.G.2
  • 116
    • 0030617088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stand conditions and tree characteristics affect quality of longleaf pine for red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees
    • Ross WG, Kulhavy DL, Conner RN. 1997. Stand conditions and tree characteristics affect quality of longleaf pine for red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees. For. Ecol. Manag. 91:145-54
    • (1997) For. Ecol. Manag. , vol.91 , pp. 145-154
    • Ross, W.G.1    Kulhavy, D.L.2    Conner, R.N.3
  • 117
    • 0030619066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Between-habitat movement of dusky-footed woodrats and vulnerability to predation
    • Sakai HF, Noon BR. 1997. Between-habitat movement of dusky-footed woodrats and vulnerability to predation. J. Wildl. Manag. 61:343-50
    • (1997) J. Wildl. Manag. , vol.61 , pp. 343-350
    • Sakai, H.F.1    Noon, B.R.2
  • 118
    • 0026291025 scopus 로고
    • Biological consequences of ecosystem fragmentation: A review
    • Saunders DA, Hobbs RJ, Margules CR. 1991. Biological consequences of ecosystem fragmentation: a review. Conserv. Biol. 5:18-32
    • (1991) Conserv. Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 18-32
    • Saunders, D.A.1    Hobbs, R.J.2    Margules, C.R.3
  • 119
    • 0034021784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecotone: Speciation-prone
    • Schilthuizen M. 2000. Ecotone: speciation-prone. Trends Ecol. Evol. 15:130-31
    • (2000) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.15 , pp. 130-131
    • Schilthuizen, M.1
  • 120
    • 0034906175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edge effects on lizards and frogs in tropical forest fragments
    • Schlaepfer MA, Gavin TA. 2001. Edge effects on lizards and frogs in tropical forest fragments. Conserv. Biol. 15:1079-90
    • (2001) Conserv. Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 1079-1090
    • Schlaepfer, M.A.1    Gavin, T.A.2
  • 122
    • 0037707008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioural responses to habitat patch boundaries restrict dispersal and generate emigration-patch area relationships in fragmented landscapes
    • Schtickzelle N, Baguette M. 2003. Behavioural responses to habitat patch boundaries restrict dispersal and generate emigration-patch area relationships in fragmented landscapes. J. Anim. Ecol. 72:533-45
    • (2003) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.72 , pp. 533-545
    • Schtickzelle, N.1    Baguette, M.2
  • 123
    • 0034919774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edge-mediated dispersal behavior in a prairie butterfly
    • Schultz CB, Crone EE. 2001. Edge-mediated dispersal behavior in a prairie butterfly. Ecology 82:1879-92
    • (2001) Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 1879-1892
    • Schultz, C.B.1    Crone, E.E.2
  • 124
    • 0036979574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat edges and avian ecology: Geographic patterns and insights for western landscapes
    • Sisk TD, Battin J. 2002. Habitat edges and avian ecology: geographic patterns and insights for western landscapes. Stud. Avian Biol. 25:30-48
    • (2002) Stud. Avian Biol. , vol.25 , pp. 30-48
    • Sisk, T.D.1    Battin, J.2
  • 125
    • 0013021617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporating the effects of habitat edges into landscape models: Effective area models for cross-boundary management
    • ed. J Liu, W Taylor, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
    • Sisk TD, Haddad NM. 2002. Incorporating the effects of habitat edges into landscape models: effective area models for cross-boundary management. In Integrating Landscape Ecology into Natural Resource Management, ed. J Liu, W Taylor, pp. 208-40. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
    • (2002) Integrating Landscape Ecology into Natural Resource Management , pp. 208-240
    • Sisk, T.D.1    Haddad, N.M.2
  • 126
    • 0001110550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bird assemblages in patchy woodlands: Modeling the effects of edge and matrix habitats
    • Sisk TD, Haddad NM, Ehrlich PR. 1997. Bird assemblages in patchy woodlands: modeling the effects of edge and matrix habitats. Ecol. Appl. 7:1170-80
    • (1997) Ecol. Appl. , vol.7 , pp. 1170-1180
    • Sisk, T.D.1    Haddad, N.M.2    Ehrlich, P.R.3
  • 127
    • 0002668186 scopus 로고
    • Habitat edges and restoration: Methods for quantifying edge effects and predicting the results of restoration efforts
    • ed. DA Saunders, RJ Hobbs, PR Ehrlich, Sydney, Aust.: Surrey, Beatty & Sons
    • Sisk TD, Margules CR. 1993. Habitat edges and restoration: methods for quantifying edge effects and predicting the results of restoration efforts. In Nature Conservation 3: Reconstruction of Fragmented Ecosystems, ed. DA Saunders, RJ Hobbs, PR Ehrlich, pp. 57-69. Sydney, Aust.: Surrey, Beatty & Sons
    • (1993) Nature Conservation 3: Reconstruction of Fragmented Ecosystems , pp. 57-69
    • Sisk, T.D.1    Margules, C.R.2
  • 128
    • 11244342953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the effective area of habitat patches in heterogeneous landscapes
    • ed. JM Scott, PJ Heglund, ML Morrison, Washington, DC: Island
    • Sisk TD, Noon BR, Hampton HM. 2002. Estimating the effective area of habitat patches in heterogeneous landscapes. In Predicting Species Occurrences: Issues of Accuracy and Scale, ed. JM Scott, PJ Heglund, ML Morrison, pp. 713-25. Washington, DC: Island
    • (2002) Predicting Species Occurrences: Issues of Accuracy and Scale , pp. 713-725
    • Sisk, T.D.1    Noon, B.R.2    Hampton, H.M.3
  • 129
    • 0030879015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for ecotones in generating rainforest biodiversity
    • Smith TB, Wayne RK, Girman DJ, Bruford MW. 1997. A role for ecotones in generating rainforest biodiversity. Science 276:1855-57
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 1855-1857
    • Smith, T.B.1    Wayne, R.K.2    Girman, D.J.3    Bruford, M.W.4
  • 130
    • 0023510899 scopus 로고
    • The effects of edge permeability and habitat geometry on emigration from patches of habitat
    • Stamps JA, Buechner M, Krishnan VV. 1987. The effects of edge permeability and habitat geometry on emigration from patches of habitat. Am. Nat. 129:533-52
    • (1987) Am. Nat. , vol.129 , pp. 533-552
    • Stamps, J.A.1    Buechner, M.2    Krishnan, V.V.3
  • 131
    • 0042655205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A classification of ecological boundaries
    • Strayer DL, Power ME, Fagan WF. 2003. A classification of ecological boundaries. BioScience 53:723-29
    • (2003) BioScience , vol.53 , pp. 723-729
    • Strayer, D.L.1    Power, M.E.2    Fagan, W.F.3
  • 132
    • 0031717124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fragmentation and invasion on native ant communities in coastal southern California
    • Suarez AV, Bolger DT, Case TJ. 1998. Effects of fragmentation and invasion on native ant communities in coastal southern California. Ecology 79:2041-56
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 2041-2056
    • Suarez, A.V.1    Bolger, D.T.2    Case, T.J.3
  • 133
    • 0346269256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Of mice and men and trillium: Cascading effects of forest fragmentation
    • Tallmon DA, Jules ES, Radke NJ, Mills LS. 2003. Of mice and men and trillium: cascading effects of forest fragmentation. Ecol. Appl. 13:1193-203
    • (2003) Ecol. Appl. , vol.13 , pp. 1193-1203
    • Tallmon, D.A.1    Jules, E.S.2    Radke, N.J.3    Mills, L.S.4
  • 134
    • 0002109824 scopus 로고
    • Predicting impacts of habitat fragmentation on forest birds: A comparison of two models
    • ed. J Verner, ML Morrison, CJ Ralph, Madison: Univ. Wis. Press
    • Temple SA. 1986. Predicting impacts of habitat fragmentation on forest birds: a comparison of two models. In Wildlife 2000: Modeling Habitat Relationships of Terrestrial Vertebrates, ed. J Verner, ML Morrison, CJ Ralph, pp. 301-4. Madison: Univ. Wis. Press
    • (1986) Wildlife 2000: Modeling Habitat Relationships of Terrestrial Vertebrates , pp. 301-304
    • Temple, S.A.1
  • 135
    • 84989457203 scopus 로고
    • Modeling dynamics of habitat-interior bird populations in fragmented landscapes
    • Temple SA, Cary JR. 1988. Modeling dynamics of habitat-interior bird populations in fragmented landscapes. Conserv. Biol. 2:340-47
    • (1988) Conserv. Biol. , vol.2 , pp. 340-347
    • Temple, S.A.1    Cary, J.R.2
  • 136
    • 0032406523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breeding productivity does not decline with increasing fragmentation in a western landscape
    • Tewksbury JJ, Hejl SJ, Martin TE. 1998. Breeding productivity does not decline with increasing fragmentation in a western landscape. Ecology 79:2890-903
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 2890-2903
    • Tewksbury, J.J.1    Hejl, S.J.2    Martin, T.E.3
  • 137
    • 0344585295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Piecewise regression: A tool for identifying ecological thresholds
    • Toms JD, Lesperance ML. 2003. Piecewise regression: a tool for identifying ecological thresholds. Ecology 84:2034-41
    • (2003) Ecology , vol.84 , pp. 2034-2041
    • Toms, J.D.1    Lesperance, M.L.2
  • 138
    • 17444427150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental gradients across four rainforest-open forest boundaries in northeastern Queensland
    • Turton SM, Sexton GJ. 1996. Environmental gradients across four rainforest-open forest boundaries in northeastern Queensland. Aust. J. Ecol. 21:245-54
    • (1996) Aust. J. Ecol. , vol.21 , pp. 245-254
    • Turton, S.M.1    Sexton, G.J.2
  • 139
    • 0031822521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On forest-interior species, edge avoidance, area sensitivity, and dogmas in avian conservation
    • Villard MA. 1998. On forest-interior species, edge avoidance, area sensitivity, and dogmas in avian conservation. Auk 115:801-5
    • (1998) Auk , vol.115 , pp. 801-805
    • Villard, M.A.1
  • 140
    • 0035015317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predator avoidance, feeding and habitat use in the red-necked pademelon, Thylogale thetis, at rainforest edges
    • Wahungu GM, Catterall CP, Olsen MF. 2001. Predator avoidance, feeding and habitat use in the red-necked pademelon, Thylogale thetis, at rainforest edges. Aust. J. Zool. 49:45-58
    • (2001) Aust. J. Zool. , vol.49 , pp. 45-58
    • Wahungu, G.M.1    Catterall, C.P.2    Olsen, M.F.3
  • 141
    • 0000001604 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation analysis of north and south edges in a mature oak-hickory forest
    • Wales BA. 1972. Vegetation analysis of north and south edges in a mature oak-hickory forest. Ecol. Monogr. 42:451-71
    • (1972) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.42 , pp. 451-471
    • Wales, B.A.1
  • 142
    • 0344701048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat selection by northern spotted owls: The consequences of prey selection and distribution
    • Ward JP, Gutiérrez RJ, Noon BR. 1998. Habitat selection by northern spotted owls: the consequences of prey selection and distribution. Condor 100:79-92
    • (1998) Condor , vol.100 , pp. 79-92
    • Ward, J.P.1    Gutiérrez, R.J.2    Noon, B.R.3
  • 143
    • 0043262894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of forest roads on understory plants in a managed hardwood landscape
    • Watkins RZ, Chen J, Pickens J, Brosofske KD. 2003. Effects of forest roads on understory plants in a managed hardwood landscape. Conserv. Biol. 17:411-19
    • (2003) Conserv. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 411-419
    • Watkins, R.Z.1    Chen, J.2    Pickens, J.3    Brosofske, K.D.4
  • 144
    • 0035674637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest edges as nutrient and pollutant concentrators: Potential synergisms between fragmentation, forest canopies, and the atmosphere
    • Weathers KC, Cadenasso ML, Pickett STA. 2001. Forest edges as nutrient and pollutant concentrators: potential synergisms between fragmentation, forest canopies, and the atmosphere. Conserv. Biol. 15:1506-14
    • (2001) Conserv. Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 1506-1514
    • Weathers, K.C.1    Cadenasso, M.L.2    Pickett, S.T.A.3
  • 145
    • 0022173799 scopus 로고
    • Boundary dynamics: A conceptual framework for studying landscape ecosystems
    • Wiens JA, Crawford CS, Gosz JR. 1985. Boundary dynamics: a conceptual framework for studying landscape ecosystems. Oikos 45:421-27
    • (1985) Oikos , vol.45 , pp. 421-427
    • Wiens, J.A.1    Crawford, C.S.2    Gosz, J.R.3
  • 146
    • 0022207241 scopus 로고
    • Nest predation in forest tracts and the decline of migratory songbirds
    • Wilcove DS. 1985. Nest predation in forest tracts and the decline of migratory songbirds. Ecology 66:1211-14
    • (1985) Ecology , vol.66 , pp. 1211-1214
    • Wilcove, D.S.1
  • 147
    • 0034951848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of landscape sources and sinks: The effect of spatial pattern on avion demography
    • With KA, King AW 2001. Analysis of landscape sources and sinks: the effect of spatial pattern on avion demography. Biol. Conserv. 100:75-88
    • (2001) Biol. Conserv. , vol.100 , pp. 75-88
    • With, K.A.1    King, A.W.2
  • 148
    • 0035123785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased prevalence of bot flies (Cuterebra fontinella) on white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) near forest edges
    • Wolf M, Batzli GO. 2001. Increased prevalence of bot flies (Cuterebra fontinella) on white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) near forest edges. Can. J. Zool. 79:106-9
    • (2001) Can. J. Zool. , vol.79 , pp. 106-109
    • Wolf, M.1    Batzli, G.O.2
  • 149
    • 84989455765 scopus 로고
    • Changes in wildlife communities near edges
    • Yahner RH. 1988. Changes in wildlife communities near edges. Conserv. Biol. 2:333-39
    • (1988) Conserv. Biol. , vol.2 , pp. 333-339
    • Yahner, R.H.1
  • 150
    • 0028181422 scopus 로고
    • Microclimate and vegetation edge effects in a fragmented podocarp-broadleaf forest in New Zealand
    • Young A, Mitchell N. 1994. Microclimate and vegetation edge effects in a fragmented podocarp-broadleaf forest in New Zealand. Biol. Conserv. 67:63-72
    • (1994) Biol. Conserv. , vol.67 , pp. 63-72
    • Young, A.1    Mitchell, N.2
  • 151
    • 0030389960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the causes of genetic isolation in two Pacific Coast iris hybrid zones
    • Young ND. 1996. An analysis of the causes of genetic isolation in two Pacific Coast iris hybrid zones. Can. J. Bot. 74:2006-13
    • (1996) Can. J. Bot. , vol.74 , pp. 2006-2013
    • Young, N.D.1
  • 152
    • 0028980308 scopus 로고
    • Influence of primary prey on home-range size and habitat-use patterns of northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina)
    • Zabel CJ, McKelvey K, Ward JP. 1995. Influence of primary prey on home-range size and habitat-use patterns of northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina). Can. J. Zool. 73:433-39
    • (1995) Can. J. Zool. , vol.73 , pp. 433-439
    • Zabel, C.J.1    McKelvey, K.2    Ward, J.P.3
  • 153
    • 0034609128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edge effects in fragmented landscapes: A generic model for delineating area of edge influences (D-AEI)
    • Zheng DL, Chen JQ. 2000. Edge effects in fragmented landscapes: a generic model for delineating area of edge influences (D-AEI). Ecol. Model. 132:175-90
    • (2000) Ecol. Model. , vol.132 , pp. 175-190
    • Zheng, D.L.1    Chen, J.Q.2
  • 154
    • 0000410512 scopus 로고
    • Deforestation patterns and their effects on forest patches
    • Zipperer WC. 1993. Deforestation patterns and their effects on forest patches. Landsc. Ecol. 8:177-84
    • (1993) Landsc. Ecol. , vol.8 , pp. 177-184
    • Zipperer, W.C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.