메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 247-260

Forest edges and habitat selection in birds: A functional approach

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AVIFAUNA; EDGE EFFECT; FOREST; HABITAT SELECTION;

EID: 0031811095     PISSN: 09067590     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0587.1998.tb00562.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (147)

References (160)
  • 1
    • 0020894031 scopus 로고
    • Area-dependent changes in the bird communities and vegetation of southern Wisconsin forests
    • Ambuel, B. and Temple, S. A. 1983. Area-dependent changes in the bird communities and vegetation of southern Wisconsin forests. - Ecol. Monogr. 64: 1057-1068.
    • (1983) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.64 , pp. 1057-1068
    • Ambuel, B.1    Temple, S.A.2
  • 2
    • 0026498571 scopus 로고
    • Corvid density and nest predation in relation to forest fragmentation: A landscape perspective
    • Andrén, H. 1992. Corvid density and nest predation in relation to forest fragmentation: a landscape perspective. - Ecology 73: 794-804.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 794-804
    • Andrén, H.1
  • 3
    • 0028888817 scopus 로고
    • Effects of landscape composition on predation rates at habitat edges
    • Hansson, L., Fahrig, L. and Merriam, H. G. (eds) Chapman and Hall
    • _ 1995. Effects of landscape composition on predation rates at habitat edges. - In: Hansson, L., Fahrig, L. and Merriam, H. G. (eds), Mosaic landscapes and ecological processes. Chapman and Hall, pp. 225-255.
    • (1995) Mosaic Landscapes and Ecological Processes , pp. 225-255
  • 4
    • 0024218658 scopus 로고
    • Elevated predation rates as an edge effect in habitat islands: Experimental evidence
    • _ and Angelstam, P. 1988. Elevated predation rates as an edge effect in habitat islands: experimental evidence. - Ecology 69: 544-547.
    • (1988) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 544-547
    • Angelstam, P.1
  • 5
    • 0022208651 scopus 로고
    • Differences in predation pressure in relation to habitat fragmentation
    • _ , Angelstam, E., Lindström, E. and Widén, P. 1985. Differences in predation pressure in relation to habitat fragmentation. - Oikos 45: 273-277.
    • (1985) Oikos , vol.45 , pp. 273-277
    • Angelstam, E.1    Lindström, E.2    Widén, P.3
  • 6
    • 0022825423 scopus 로고
    • Predation on ground-nesting birds' nests in relation to predator densities and habitat edge
    • Angelstam, P. 1986. Predation on ground-nesting birds' nests in relation to predator densities and habitat edge. - Oikos 47: 365-373.
    • (1986) Oikos , vol.47 , pp. 365-373
    • Angelstam, P.1
  • 7
    • 0003627121 scopus 로고
    • Factors determining the composition and persistence of local woodpecker assemblages in taiga forest in Sweden - A case for landscape ecological studies
    • Carlson, A. and Aulén, G. (eds) Swedish Univ. of Agricult. Sci.
    • _ 1990. Factors determining the composition and persistence of local woodpecker assemblages in taiga forest in Sweden - a case for landscape ecological studies. - In: Carlson, A. and Aulén, G. (eds). Conservation and management of woodpecker populations. Swedish Univ. of Agricult. Sci., pp. 147-164.
    • (1990) Conservation and Management of Woodpecker Populations , pp. 147-164
  • 8
    • 0001753460 scopus 로고
    • Changes and variability in the field layer of a coppiced woodland in Norfolk, England
    • Ash, J. E. and Barkham, J. P. 1976. Changes and variability in the field layer of a coppiced woodland in Norfolk, England. - J. Ecol. 64: 697-712.
    • (1976) J. Ecol. , vol.64 , pp. 697-712
    • Ash, J.E.1    Barkham, J.P.2
  • 9
    • 0001024322 scopus 로고
    • Hostile landscapes and the decline of migratory songbirds
    • Askins, R. A. 1995. Hostile landscapes and the decline of migratory songbirds. - Science 267: 1956-1957.
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 1956-1957
    • Askins, R.A.1
  • 10
    • 0028164501 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of arthropod species across the margins of farm woodlands
    • Bedford, S. E. and Usher, M. B. 1994. Distribution of arthropod species across the margins of farm woodlands. - Agric. Ecosystems Environ. 48: 295-305.
    • (1994) Agric. Ecosystems Environ. , vol.48 , pp. 295-305
    • Bedford, S.E.1    Usher, M.B.2
  • 11
    • 0028162891 scopus 로고
    • Bird assemblages in mosaic forests: The relative importance of vegetation structure and floristic composition along the successional gradient
    • Bersier, L.-F. and Meyer, D. R. 1994. Bird assemblages in mosaic forests: the relative importance of vegetation structure and floristic composition along the successional gradient. - Acta Oecol. 15: 561-576.
    • (1994) Acta Oecol. , vol.15 , pp. 561-576
    • Bersier, L.-F.1    Meyer, D.R.2
  • 12
    • 0022193529 scopus 로고
    • Birds of restocked conifer plantations in Wales
    • Bibby, C. J., Phillips, B. N. and Seddon, A. J. E. 1985. Birds of restocked conifer plantations in Wales. - J. Appl. Ecol. 22: 619-633.
    • (1985) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.22 , pp. 619-633
    • Bibby, C.J.1    Phillips, B.N.2    Seddon, A.J.E.3
  • 14
    • 0023519821 scopus 로고
    • Breeding birds of isolated woodlots: Area and habitat relationships
    • Blake, J. G. and Karr, J. R. 1987. Breeding birds of isolated woodlots: area and habitat relationships. - Ecology 68: 1724-1734.
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 1724-1734
    • Blake, J.G.1    Karr, J.R.2
  • 15
    • 0002899381 scopus 로고
    • Have cowbirds caused forest songbirds to decline?
    • Brittingham, M. C. and Temple, S. A. 1983. Have cowbirds caused forest songbirds to decline? - BioScience 33: 2129-2141.
    • (1983) BioScience , vol.33 , pp. 2129-2141
    • Brittingham, M.C.1    Temple, S.A.2
  • 16
    • 0022223771 scopus 로고
    • Treefalls, regrowth, and community structure in tropical forests
    • Pickett, S. T. A. and White, P. S. (eds) Academic Press
    • Brokaw, N. V. 1985. Treefalls, regrowth, and community structure in tropical forests. - In: Pickett, S. T. A. and White, P. S. (eds), The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics. Academic Press, pp. 53-69.
    • (1985) The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics , pp. 53-69
    • Brokaw, N.V.1
  • 17
    • 0027140541 scopus 로고
    • Fragmentation and edge effects in Central Indiana old-growth forests
    • Brothers, T. S. 1993. Fragmentation and edge effects in Central Indiana old-growth forests. - Nat. Areas J. 13: 268-275.
    • (1993) Nat. Areas J. , vol.13 , pp. 268-275
    • Brothers, T.S.1
  • 18
    • 0027878634 scopus 로고
    • Edge effects in seed and egg predation at two neotropical rainforest sites
    • Burkey, T. V. 1993. Edge effects in seed and egg predation at two neotropical rainforest sites. - Biol. Conserv. 66: 139-143.
    • (1993) Biol. Conserv. , vol.66 , pp. 139-143
    • Burkey, T.V.1
  • 19
    • 0027086004 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation responses to edge-environments in old-growth Douglas-fir forests
    • Chen, J., Franklin, J. and Spies, T. 1992. Vegetation responses to edge-environments in old-growth Douglas-fir forests. - Ecol. Appl. 2: 387-396.
    • (1992) Ecol. Appl. , vol.2 , pp. 387-396
    • Chen, J.1    Franklin, J.2    Spies, T.3
  • 20
    • 1842647636 scopus 로고
    • Contrasting microclimates among clear-cut, edge, and interior of old-growth Douglas-fir forest
    • Franklin, J. and Spies, T. 1993. Contrasting microclimates among clear-cut, edge, and interior of old-growth Douglas-fir forest. - Agricult. For. Meteorol. 63: 219-237.
    • (1993) Agricult. For. Meteorol. , vol.63 , pp. 219-237
    • Franklin, J.1    Spies, T.2
  • 22
    • 0001872374 scopus 로고
    • Habitat patch size and duck nesting success: The critical experiments have not been performed
    • Clark, R. G. and Nudds, T. D. 1991. Habitat patch size and duck nesting success: the critical experiments have not been performed. - Wildl. Soc. Bull. 19: 534-543.
    • (1991) Wildl. Soc. Bull. , vol.19 , pp. 534-543
    • Clark, R.G.1    Nudds, T.D.2
  • 23
    • 0030442485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sources and sinks in population biology
    • Dias, P. C. 1996. Sources and sinks in population biology. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 11: 326-330.
    • (1996) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.11 , pp. 326-330
    • Dias, P.C.1
  • 24
    • 0001276537 scopus 로고
    • The breeding of Starling Sturnus vulgaris in relation to its food supply
    • Dunnet, G. M. 1955. The breeding of Starling Sturnus vulgaris in relation to its food supply. - Ibis 97: 619-662.
    • (1955) Ibis , vol.97 , pp. 619-662
    • Dunnet, G.M.1
  • 25
    • 0030237970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation in temperate forests: What do we need to know and do?
    • Ehrlich, P. R. 1996. Conservation in temperate forests: what do we need to know and do? - For. Ecol. Manage. 85: 9-19.
    • (1996) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.85 , pp. 9-19
    • Ehrlich, P.R.1
  • 26
    • 0028181228 scopus 로고
    • Tree mortality patterns after experimental fragmentation of an old-growth conifer forest
    • Esseen, P.-A. 1994. Tree mortality patterns after experimental fragmentation of an old-growth conifer forest. - Biol. Conserv. 68: 19-28.
    • (1994) Biol. Conserv. , vol.68 , pp. 19-28
    • Esseen, P.-A.1
  • 27
    • 0001566811 scopus 로고
    • L'avifaune nidificatrice d'une forêt de chênes pédonculés en Borgogne: Étude de deux successions écologiques
    • Ferry, C. and Frochot, B. 1970. L'avifaune nidificatrice d'une forêt de chênes pédonculés en Borgogne: étude de deux successions écologiques. - La Terre et Vie 24: 153-230.
    • (1970) La Terre et Vie , vol.24 , pp. 153-230
    • Ferry, C.1    Frochot, B.2
  • 28
    • 0023528845 scopus 로고
    • Bird communities on habitat islands in England
    • Ford, H. A. 1987. Bird communities on habitat islands in England. - Bird Study 34: 205-218.
    • (1987) Bird Study , vol.34 , pp. 205-218
    • Ford, H.A.1
  • 29
    • 0026540206 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of forest damage resulting from catastrophic wind in Central New England, U.S.A.
    • Foster, D. R. and Boose, E. R. 1992. Patterns of forest damage resulting from catastrophic wind in Central New England, U.S.A. - J. Ecol. 80: 79-98.
    • (1992) J. Ecol. , vol.80 , pp. 79-98
    • Foster, D.R.1    Boose, E.R.2
  • 30
    • 33845289624 scopus 로고
    • Creating landscape patterns by forest cuttings: Ecological consequences and principles
    • Franklin, J. F. and Forman, R. T. T. 1987. Creating landscape patterns by forest cuttings: ecological consequences and principles. - Landscape Ecol. 1: 5-18.
    • (1987) Landscape Ecol. , vol.1 , pp. 5-18
    • Franklin, J.F.1    Forman, R.T.T.2
  • 31
    • 0028162742 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation responses along edge-to interior gradients in the mixed hardwood forests of the Roanoke River Basin, North Carolina
    • Fraver, S. 1994. Vegetation responses along edge-to interior gradients in the mixed hardwood forests of the Roanoke River Basin, North Carolina. - Conserv. Biol. 8: 822-832.
    • (1994) Conserv. Biol. , vol.8 , pp. 822-832
    • Fraver, S.1
  • 32
    • 0001787588 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of boundary conditions affecting forest environmental phenomena
    • Hutchison, B. A. and Hicks, B. B. (eds) Reidel
    • Fritschen, L. J. 1985. Characterization of boundary conditions affecting forest environmental phenomena. - In: Hutchison, B. A. and Hicks, B. B. (eds), The forest-atmosphere interaction. Reidel, pp. 3-23.
    • (1985) The Forest-atmosphere Interaction , pp. 3-23
    • Fritschen, L.J.1
  • 33
    • 84913256401 scopus 로고
    • Dispersion of air tracers into and within a forested area: 3
    • US Army Elect. Command, Atmosph. Sci. Lab., Fort Huachuca, Arizona
    • _ , Driver, C. H., Avbery, C., Buffo, J., Edmonds, R., Kinerson, R. and Schiess, P. 1971. Dispersion of air tracers into and within a forested area: 3. - Res. Dev. Tech. Rep. ECOM-68-G8-3, US Army Elect. Command, Atmosph. Sci. Lab., Fort Huachuca, Arizona.
    • (1971) Res. Dev. Tech. Rep. ECOM-68-G8-3
    • Driver, C.H.1    Avbery, C.2    Buffo, J.3    Edmonds, R.4    Kinerson, R.5    Schiess, P.6
  • 34
    • 7144239455 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of breeding bird assemblages in two Buckinghamshire clay vale woods with different histories of management
    • Kirby, K. J. and Wright, F. J. (eds) Research and survey in nature conservation no. 15. Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough
    • Fuller, R. J. 1988. A comparison of breeding bird assemblages in two Buckinghamshire clay vale woods with different histories of management. - In: Kirby, K. J. and Wright, F. J. (eds), Woodland conservation and research in the Clay Vale of Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire. Research and survey in nature conservation no. 15. Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough, pp. 53-65.
    • (1988) Woodland Conservation and Research in the Clay Vale of Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire , pp. 53-65
    • Fuller, R.J.1
  • 35
    • 0008413634 scopus 로고
    • Responses of birds to lowland woodland management in Britain: Opportunities for integrating conservation with forestry
    • _ 1990. Responses of birds to lowland woodland management in Britain: opportunities for integrating conservation with forestry. - Sitta 4: 39-50.
    • (1990) Sitta , vol.4 , pp. 39-50
  • 36
    • 0000468980 scopus 로고
    • Effects of coppice management on woodland breeding birds
    • Buckley, G. P. (ed.) Chapman and Hall
    • _ 1992. Effects of coppice management on woodland breeding birds. - In: Buckley, G. P. (ed.), Ecology and management of coppice woodlands. Chapman and Hall, pp. 169-192.
    • (1992) Ecology and Management of Coppice Woodlands , pp. 169-192
  • 38
    • 0026498931 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of breeding songbirds in Bradfield Woods, Suffolk, in relation to vegetation and coppice management
    • _ and Henderson, A. C. B. 1992. Distribution of breeding songbirds in Bradfield Woods, Suffolk, in relation to vegetation and coppice management. - Bird Study 39: 73-88.
    • (1992) Bird Study , vol.39 , pp. 73-88
    • Henderson, A.C.B.1
  • 39
    • 0023490763 scopus 로고
    • Breeding bird populations of Kentish Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa) coppice in relation to age and structure of the coppice
    • _ and Moreton, B. D. 1987. Breeding bird populations of Kentish Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa) coppice in relation to age and structure of the coppice. - J. Appl. Ecol. 24: 13-27.
    • (1987) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.24 , pp. 13-27
    • Moreton, B.D.1
  • 40
    • 0023557399 scopus 로고
    • Breeding bird distribution within Lincolnshire ash-lime woodlands: The influence of rides and the woodland edge
    • _ and Whittington, P. A. 1987. Breeding bird distribution within Lincolnshire ash-lime woodlands: the influence of rides and the woodland edge. - Acta Oecol. 8: 259-268.
    • (1987) Acta Oecol. , vol.8 , pp. 259-268
    • Whittington, P.A.1
  • 41
    • 0026379506 scopus 로고
    • Conservation management in ancient and modern woodlands: Responses of fauna to edges and rotations
    • Spellerberg, I. F., Goldsmith, F. B. and Morris, M. G. (eds) Blackwell
    • _ and Warren, M. S. 1991. Conservation management in ancient and modern woodlands: responses of fauna to edges and rotations. - In: Spellerberg, I. F., Goldsmith, F. B. and Morris, M. G. (eds), The scientific management of temperate communities for conservation. Blackwell, pp. 445-471.
    • (1991) The Scientific Management of Temperate Communities for Conservation , pp. 445-471
    • Warren, M.S.1
  • 42
    • 0024873240 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of breeding songbirds within mixed coppiced woodland in Kent, England, in relation to vegetation age and structure
    • _ , Stuttard, P. and Ray, C. M. 1989. The distribution of breeding songbirds within mixed coppiced woodland in Kent, England, in relation to vegetation age and structure. - Ann. Zool. Fennici 26: 265-275.
    • (1989) Ann. Zool. Fennici , vol.26 , pp. 265-275
    • Stuttard, P.1    Ray, C.M.2
  • 43
    • 0000863115 scopus 로고
    • Avian distribution patterns in forest islands of different sizes in Central New Jersey
    • Galli, A. E., Leck, C. F. and Forman, R. T. T. 1976. Avian distribution patterns in forest islands of different sizes in Central New Jersey. - Auk 93: 356-364.
    • (1976) Auk , vol.93 , pp. 356-364
    • Galli, A.E.1    Leck, C.F.2    Forman, R.T.T.3
  • 44
    • 0021060789 scopus 로고
    • An experimental test of competition for space between blackcaps Sylvia atricapilla and garden warblers S. borin in the breeding season
    • Garcia, E. F. J. 1983. An experimental test of competition for space between blackcaps Sylvia atricapilla and garden warblers S. borin in the breeding season. - J. Anim. Ecol. 52: 795-805.
    • (1983) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.52 , pp. 795-805
    • Garcia, E.F.J.1
  • 45
    • 28244462573 scopus 로고
    • Neutral models for the analysis of broad-scale landscape pattern
    • Gardner, R. H., Milne, B. T., Turner, M. G. and O'Neill, R. V. 1987. Neutral models for the analysis of broad-scale landscape pattern. - Landscape Ecol. 1: 19-28.
    • (1987) Landscape Ecol. , vol.1 , pp. 19-28
    • Gardner, R.H.1    Milne, B.T.2    Turner, M.G.3    O'Neill, R.V.4
  • 46
    • 0000933667 scopus 로고
    • Avian nest dispersion and fledaing success in field-forest ecotones
    • Gates, J. E. and Gysel, L. W. 1978. Avian nest dispersion and fledaing success in field-forest ecotones. - Ecology 59: 871-883.
    • (1978) Ecology , vol.59 , pp. 871-883
    • Gates, J.E.1    Gysel, L.W.2
  • 47
    • 0028161715 scopus 로고
    • The genetic ecology of nestling growth in the great tit: Environmental influences on the expression of genetic variances during growth
    • Gebhardhenrich, S. G. and Vannoordwijk, A. K. 1994. The genetic ecology of nestling growth in the great tit: environmental influences on the expression of genetic variances during growth. - Funct. Ecol. 8: 468-476.
    • (1994) Funct. Ecol. , vol.8 , pp. 468-476
    • Gebhardhenrich, S.G.1    Vannoordwijk, A.K.2
  • 48
    • 3242726465 scopus 로고
    • Die beschattung am bestrandsrand
    • Geiger, R. 1936. Die beschattung am bestrandsrand. - Forstw. C. 57: 789-794 and 58: 262-266.
    • (1936) Forstw. C. , vol.57 , pp. 789-794
    • Geiger, R.1
  • 49
    • 3242736224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geiger, R. 1936. Die beschattung am bestrandsrand. - Forstw. C. 57: 789-794 and 58: 262-266.
    • Forstw. C. , vol.58 , pp. 262-266
  • 51
    • 0019678048 scopus 로고
    • Modelling copse microclimates
    • Giles, B. D. 1981. Modelling copse microclimates. - Weather 36: 302-309.
    • (1981) Weather , vol.36 , pp. 302-309
    • Giles, B.D.1
  • 52
    • 0028995169 scopus 로고
    • Nest site selection: A trade-off between concealment and view of the surroundings?
    • Götmark, F., Blomqvist, D., Johansson, O. C. and Bergkvist, J. 1995. Nest site selection: a trade-off between concealment and view of the surroundings? - J. Avian Biol. 26: 305-312.
    • (1995) J. Avian Biol. , vol.26 , pp. 305-312
    • Götmark, F.1    Blomqvist, D.2    Johansson, O.C.3    Bergkvist, J.4
  • 53
    • 0005335778 scopus 로고
    • Breeding bird communities of birds in mid-field afforested areas
    • Gromadzki, M. 1970. Breeding bird communities of birds in mid-field afforested areas. - Ekol. Polska 18: 1-44.
    • (1970) Ekol. Polska , vol.18 , pp. 1-44
    • Gromadzki, M.1
  • 54
    • 0000563453 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between landcover proportions and indices of landscape spatial pattern
    • Gustafson, E. J. and Parker, G. R. 1992. Relationships between landcover proportions and indices of landscape spatial pattern. - Landscape Ecol. 7: 101-110.
    • (1992) Landscape Ecol. , vol.7 , pp. 101-110
    • Gustafson, E.J.1    Parker, G.R.2
  • 55
    • 0002577848 scopus 로고
    • Bird fauna of the Finnish forests in relation to forest succession. I
    • Haapenen, A. 1965. Bird fauna of the Finnish forests in relation to forest succession. I. - Ann. Zool. Fennici 2: 153-196.
    • (1965) Ann. Zool. Fennici , vol.2 , pp. 153-196
    • Haapenen, A.1
  • 56
    • 0021064528 scopus 로고
    • Bird numbers across edges between mature coniferous forest and clearcuts in central Sweden
    • Hansson, L. 1983. Bird numbers across edges between mature coniferous forest and clearcuts in central Sweden. - Ornis Scand. 14: 675-676.
    • (1983) Ornis Scand. , vol.14 , pp. 675-676
    • Hansson, L.1
  • 58
    • 0026296239 scopus 로고
    • Local extinction in a metapopulation context: An empirical evaluation
    • Harrison, S. 1991. Local extinction in a metapopulation context: an empirical evaluation. - Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 42: 73-88.
    • (1991) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.42 , pp. 73-88
    • Harrison, S.1
  • 59
    • 0020416884 scopus 로고
    • Edge effect on forest birds densities on offshore islands in the northern Gulf of Bothnia
    • Helle, E. and Helle, P. 1982. Edge effect on forest birds densities on offshore islands in the northern Gulf of Bothnia. - Ann. Zool. Fennici 19: 421-425.
    • (1982) Ann. Zool. Fennici , vol.19 , pp. 421-425
    • Helle, E.1    Helle, P.2
  • 60
    • 0022220695 scopus 로고
    • Invertebrate numbers in edges between clear-fellings and mature forests in northern Finland
    • Helle, P. and Muona, J. 1985. Invertebrate numbers in edges between clear-fellings and mature forests in northern Finland. - Silva Fenn. 19: 281-294.
    • (1985) Silva Fenn. , vol.19 , pp. 281-294
    • Helle, P.1    Muona, J.2
  • 61
    • 0002104447 scopus 로고
    • Habitat selection in birds: A review
    • Hildén, O. 1965. Habitat selection in birds: a review. - Ann. Zool. Fennici 2: 53-74.
    • (1965) Ann. Zool. Fennici , vol.2 , pp. 53-74
    • Hildén, O.1
  • 62
    • 0028995040 scopus 로고
    • Do avian and mammalian nest predators select for different nest dispersion patterns of fieldfares Turdus pilaris? A 15-year study
    • Hogstad, O. 1995. Do avian and mammalian nest predators select for different nest dispersion patterns of fieldfares Turdus pilaris? A 15-year study. - Ibis 137: 484-489.
    • (1995) Ibis , vol.137 , pp. 484-489
    • Hogstad, O.1
  • 63
    • 0001686621 scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of the food of some British Corvidae
    • Holyoak, D. 1968. A comparative study of the food of some British Corvidae. - Bird Study 15: 147-153.
    • (1968) Bird Study , vol.15 , pp. 147-153
    • Holyoak, D.1
  • 64
    • 0021564440 scopus 로고
    • Local dynamics of bird assemblages in small forest habitat islands in Australia and North America
    • Howe, R. W. 1984. Local dynamics of bird assemblages in small forest habitat islands in Australia and North America. - Ecology 65: 1585-1601.
    • (1984) Ecology , vol.65 , pp. 1585-1601
    • Howe, R.W.1
  • 65
    • 0019763412 scopus 로고
    • Bird distributions on small rainforest remnants in New South Wales
    • _ , Howe, T. D. and Ford, H. A. 1981. Bird distributions on small rainforest remnants in New South Wales. - Aust. Wildl. Res. 8: 637-651.
    • (1981) Aust. Wildl. Res. , vol.8 , pp. 637-651
    • Howe, T.D.1    Ford, H.A.2
  • 66
    • 0002741348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nest concealment and predation in hooded warblers: Experimental removal of nest cover
    • Howlett, J. S. and Stutchbury, B. J. 1996. Nest concealment and predation in hooded warblers: experimental removal of nest cover. - Auk 113: 1-9.
    • (1996) Auk , vol.113 , pp. 1-9
    • Howlett, J.S.1    Stutchbury, B.J.2
  • 67
    • 0001960736 scopus 로고
    • Biology, chance, and history and the structure of tropical rain forest tree communities
    • Diamond, J. and Case, T. (eds) Harper and Row
    • Hubbell, S. P. and Foster, R. B. 1986. Biology, chance, and history and the structure of tropical rain forest tree communities - In: Diamond, J. and Case, T. (eds), Community ecology. Harper and Row, pp. 314-329.
    • (1986) Community Ecology , pp. 314-329
    • Hubbell, S.P.1    Foster, R.B.2
  • 68
    • 0030304971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predation on artificial ground nests in relation to forest fragmentation, agricultural land and habitat structure
    • Huhta, E., Mappes, T. and Jokimäki, J. 1996. Predation on artificial ground nests in relation to forest fragmentation, agricultural land and habitat structure. - Ecography 19: 85-91.
    • (1996) Ecography , vol.19 , pp. 85-91
    • Huhta, E.1    Mappes, T.2    Jokimäki, J.3
  • 69
    • 0028164589 scopus 로고
    • The impact of hedges and farm woodlands on woodpigeon (Columba palumbus) nest densities
    • Inglis, I. R., Wright, E. and Lill, J. 1994. The impact of hedges and farm woodlands on woodpigeon (Columba palumbus) nest densities. - Agric. Ecosystems Environ. 48: 257-262.
    • (1994) Agric. Ecosystems Environ. , vol.48 , pp. 257-262
    • Inglis, I.R.1    Wright, E.2    Lill, J.3
  • 70
    • 0000172754 scopus 로고
    • Ordinations of habitat relationships among breeding birds
    • James, F. C. 1971. Ordinations of habitat relationships among breeding birds. - Wilson Bull. 83: 215-236.
    • (1971) Wilson Bull. , vol.83 , pp. 215-236
    • James, F.C.1
  • 71
    • 0020874068 scopus 로고
    • No park is an island: Increase in interference from outside as park size decreases
    • Janzen, D. H. 1983. No park is an island: increase in interference from outside as park size decreases. - Oikos 41: 402-410.
    • (1983) Oikos , vol.41 , pp. 402-410
    • Janzen, D.H.1
  • 72
    • 0024932637 scopus 로고
    • Effects of isolation on the water status of forest patches in the Brazilian Amazon
    • Kapos, V. 1989. Effects of isolation on the water status of forest patches in the Brazilian Amazon. - J. Trop. Ecol. 5: 173-185.
    • (1989) J. Trop. Ecol. , vol.5 , pp. 173-185
    • Kapos, V.1
  • 73
    • 0000941634 scopus 로고
    • 13C as an indicator of edge effects in tropical rainforest reserves
    • 13C as an indicator of edge effects in tropical rainforest reserves. - J. Ecol. 81: 425-432.
    • (1993) J. Ecol. , vol.81 , pp. 425-432
    • Gamade, G.1    Matsui, E.2    Victoria, R.L.3
  • 74
    • 0000461926 scopus 로고
    • Thermodynamics of incubation in the house wren Troglodytes aedon
    • Kendeigh, S. C. 1963. Thermodynamics of incubation in the house wren Troglodytes aedon. - Proc. 13th Int. Orn. Congr. 1963: 884-904.
    • (1963) Proc. 13th Int. Orn. Congr. , vol.1963 , pp. 884-904
    • Kendeigh, S.C.1
  • 75
    • 0020436698 scopus 로고
    • Bird community ecology on powerline corridors in east Tennessee
    • Kroodsma, R. L. 1982a. Bird community ecology on powerline corridors in east Tennessee. - Biol. Conserv. 23: 79-94.
    • (1982) Biol. Conserv. , vol.23 , pp. 79-94
    • Kroodsma, R.L.1
  • 76
    • 3042952262 scopus 로고
    • Edge effect on breeding forest birds along powerline corridors
    • _ 1982b. Edge effect on breeding forest birds along powerline corridors. - J. Appl. Ecol. 19: 361-370.
    • (1982) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.19 , pp. 361-370
  • 77
    • 0021534219 scopus 로고
    • Effect of edge on breeding forest bird species
    • _ 1984. Effect of edge on breeding forest bird species. Wilson Bull. 96: 426-436.
    • (1984) Wilson Bull. , vol.96 , pp. 426-436
  • 78
    • 0000147883 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of the common treecreeper Certhia familiaris to edge effect and forest fragmentation
    • Kuitenen, M. and Helle, P. 1988. Relationship of the common treecreeper Certhia familiaris to edge effect and forest fragmentation. - Ornis Fenn. 65: 150-154.
    • (1988) Ornis Fenn. , vol.65 , pp. 150-154
    • Kuitenen, M.1    Helle, P.2
  • 79
    • 0027835240 scopus 로고
    • An experiment on nest-site choice of the common treecreeper in fragmented boreal forest
    • _ and Mäkinen, M. 1993. An experiment on nest-site choice of the common treecreeper in fragmented boreal forest. Ornis Fenn. 70: 163-167.
    • (1993) Ornis Fenn. , vol.70 , pp. 163-167
    • Mäkinen, M.1
  • 81
    • 0002669961 scopus 로고
    • The habitat distribution of British woodland birds
    • _ and Venables, L. S. V. 1939. The habitat distribution of British woodland birds. - J. Anim. Ecol. 8: 39-71.
    • (1939) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.8 , pp. 39-71
    • Venables, L.S.V.1
  • 82
    • 0026281883 scopus 로고
    • Edge effects in tropical forest fragments: Applications of a model for the design of nature reserves
    • Laurance, W. F. 1991. Edge effects in tropical forest fragments: applications of a model for the design of nature reserves. - Biol. Conserv. 57: 205-219.
    • (1991) Biol. Conserv. , vol.57 , pp. 205-219
    • Laurance, W.F.1
  • 83
    • 0030621267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Displacement of dunlin Calidris alpina Schinzii by forestry in the Flow Country and an estimate of the value of moorland adjacent to plantations
    • Lavers, C. P. and Haines-Young, R. H. 1997. Displacement of dunlin Calidris alpina Schinzii by forestry in the Flow Country and an estimate of the value of moorland adjacent to plantations. - Biol. Conserv. 79: 87-90.
    • (1997) Biol. Conserv. , vol.79 , pp. 87-90
    • Lavers, C.P.1    Haines-Young, R.H.2
  • 84
    • 0027799360 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of patterns in hierarchically structured landscapes
    • Lavorel, S., Gardner, R. H. and O'Neill, R. V. 1993. Analysis of patterns in hierarchically structured landscapes. - Oikos 67: 521-528.
    • (1993) Oikos , vol.67 , pp. 521-528
    • Lavorel, S.1    Gardner, R.H.2    O'Neill, R.V.3
  • 86
    • 0029663955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wind stress affects foraging site competition between crested tits and willow tits
    • Lens, L. 1996. Wind stress affects foraging site competition between crested tits and willow tits. - J. Avian Biol. 27: 41-46.
    • (1996) J. Avian Biol. , vol.27 , pp. 41-46
    • Lens, L.1
  • 87
    • 0028180641 scopus 로고
    • Effects of habitat fragmentation on the timing of crested tit Parus cristatus natal dispersal
    • _ and Dhondt, A. A. 1994. Effects of habitat fragmentation on the timing of crested tit Parus cristatus natal dispersal. - Ibis 136: 147-152.
    • (1994) Ibis , vol.136 , pp. 147-152
    • Dhondt, A.A.1
  • 89
    • 0019751094 scopus 로고
    • Woodlots as biogeographic islands in southeastern Wisconsin
    • Burgess, R. L. and Sharpe, D. M. (eds) Springer
    • Levenson, J. B. 1981. Woodlots as biogeographic islands in southeastern Wisconsin. - In: Burgess, R. L. and Sharpe, D. M. (eds), Forest island dynamics in man-dominated landscapes. Springer, pp. 13-39.
    • (1981) Forest Island Dynamics in Man-dominated Landscapes , pp. 13-39
    • Levenson, J.B.1
  • 90
    • 0029473138 scopus 로고
    • Merlins Falco columbarius in Kielder Forest: Influences of habitat on breeding performance
    • Little, B., Davison, M. and Jardine, D. 1995. Merlins Falco columbarius in Kielder Forest: influences of habitat on breeding performance. For. Ecol. Manage. 79: 147-152.
    • (1995) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.79 , pp. 147-152
    • Little, B.1    Davison, M.2    Jardine, D.3
  • 91
    • 0002894168 scopus 로고
    • Ecological dynamics of tropical forest fragments
    • Sutton, S. L., Whitmore, T. C. and Chadwick, A. C. (eds) Blackwell
    • Lovejoy, T. E., Bierregaard, R. O., Rankin, J. M. and Schubart, H. O. R. 1983. Ecological dynamics of tropical forest fragments. - In: Sutton, S. L., Whitmore, T. C. and Chadwick, A. C. (eds), Tropical rain forest: ecology and management. Blackwell, pp. 377-384.
    • (1983) Tropical Rain Forest: Ecology and Management , pp. 377-384
    • Lovejoy, T.E.1    Bierregaard, R.O.2    Rankin, J.M.3    Schubart, H.O.R.4
  • 92
    • 0003113045 scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem decay of Amazon forest fragments
    • Nitecki, N. H. (ed.) Univ. of Chicago Press
    • _ , Rankin, J. M., Bierregaard, R. O., Brown, K. S., Emmons, L. H. and Van der Voort, M. E. 1984. Ecosystem decay of Amazon forest fragments. - In: Nitecki, N. H. (ed.), Extinctions. Univ. of Chicago Press, pp. 295-325.
    • (1984) Extinctions , pp. 295-325
    • Rankin, J.M.1    Bierregaard, R.O.2    Brown, K.S.3    Emmons, L.H.4    Van Der Voort, M.E.5
  • 94
    • 0029769335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of artificial nest experiments to understanding avian reproductive success: A review of methods and conclusions
    • Major, R. E. and Kendal, C. E. 1996. The contribution of artificial nest experiments to understanding avian reproductive success: a review of methods and conclusions. Ibis 138: 298-307.
    • (1996) Ibis , vol.138 , pp. 298-307
    • Major, R.E.1    Kendal, C.E.2
  • 95
    • 0028165156 scopus 로고
    • Edge effects in Central Amazonian forest fragments
    • Malcolm, J. R. 1994. Edge effects in Central Amazonian forest fragments. - Ecology 75: 2438-2445.
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 2438-2445
    • Malcolm, J.R.1
  • 96
    • 0028176987 scopus 로고
    • Response of forest-interior songbird to the threat of cowbird parasitism
    • Mark, D. and Stutchbury, B. J. 1994. Response of forest-interior songbird to the threat of cowbird parasitism. - Anim. Behav. 47: 274-280.
    • (1994) Anim. Behav. , vol.47 , pp. 274-280
    • Mark, D.1    Stutchbury, B.J.2
  • 97
    • 0028984009 scopus 로고
    • Edge effects on nest predation in the Shawnee National Forest, Southern Illinois
    • Marini, M. A., Robinson, S. K. and Heske, E. J. 1995. Edge effects on nest predation in the Shawnee National Forest, Southern Illinois. - Biol. Conserv. 74: 203-313.
    • (1995) Biol. Conserv. , vol.74 , pp. 203-313
    • Marini, M.A.1    Robinson, S.K.2    Heske, E.J.3
  • 98
    • 0001447721 scopus 로고
    • Limitation in small habitat islands: Chance or competition?
    • Martin, T. E. 1981. Limitation in small habitat islands: chance or competition? - Auk 98: 715-734.
    • (1981) Auk , vol.98 , pp. 715-734
    • Martin, T.E.1
  • 99
    • 0000381284 scopus 로고
    • Nest predation and nest sites
    • _ 1993a. Nest predation and nest sites. - BioScience 43: 523-532.
    • (1993) BioScience , vol.43 , pp. 523-532
  • 100
    • 0027528067 scopus 로고
    • Nest predation among vegetation layers and habitat types: Revising the dogmas
    • _ 1993b. Nest predation among vegetation layers and habitat types: revising the dogmas. - Am. Nat. 141: 897-913.
    • (1993) Am. Nat. , vol.141 , pp. 897-913
  • 101
    • 0027806342 scopus 로고
    • Microenvironment variation within and among deciduous forest edge sites in eastern United States
    • Matlack, G. R. 1993. Microenvironment variation within and among deciduous forest edge sites in eastern United States. - Biol. Conserv. 66: 185-194.
    • (1993) Biol. Conserv. , vol.66 , pp. 185-194
    • Matlack, G.R.1
  • 102
    • 0028175394 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation dynamics of the forest edge trends in space and successional time
    • _ 1994. Vegetation dynamics of the forest edge trends in space and successional time. - J. Ecol. 82: 113-123.
    • (1994) J. Ecol. , vol.82 , pp. 113-123
  • 103
    • 0345035776 scopus 로고
    • Brood parasitism: Reducing interactions between Kirtland's warblers and brown-headed cowbirds
    • Temple, S. A. (ed.) Univ. of Wisconsin Press
    • Mayfield, H. F. 1978. Brood parasitism: reducing interactions between Kirtland's warblers and brown-headed cowbirds. In: Temple, S. A. (ed.), Endangered birds, management techniques for preserving threatened species. Univ. of Wisconsin Press, pp. 85-91.
    • (1978) Endangered Birds, Management Techniques for Preserving Threatened Species , pp. 85-91
    • Mayfield, H.F.1
  • 104
    • 0027884198 scopus 로고
    • Avian distribution patterns in a fragmented wooded landscape (North Humberside, U.K.): The role of between-patch and within-putch structure
    • McCollin, D. 1993. Avian distribution patterns in a fragmented wooded landscape (North Humberside, U.K.): the role of between-patch and within-putch structure. - Global Ecol. Biogeogr. Lett. 3: 48-62.
    • (1993) Global Ecol. Biogeogr. Lett. , vol.3 , pp. 48-62
    • McCollin, D.1
  • 105
    • 0024870014 scopus 로고
    • Micrometeorology of shelter belts and forest edges
    • McNaughton, K. G. 1989. Micrometeorology of shelter belts and forest edges. - Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. 324: 351-368.
    • (1989) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. , vol.324 , pp. 351-368
    • McNaughton, K.G.1
  • 106
    • 0345365285 scopus 로고
    • Structure of the microclimate at a woodland parking-lot interlace
    • US For. Serv., Northeast For. Exp. Stat., Gen. Tech. Rep.
    • Miller, D. R. 1975. Structure of the microclimate at a woodland parking-lot interlace. - In: Proc. conf. metropol. physical environm., US For. Serv., Northeast For. Exp. Stat., Gen. Tech. Rep. 25, pp. 109-114.
    • (1975) Proc. Conf. Metropol. Physical Environm. , vol.25 , pp. 109-114
    • Miller, D.R.1
  • 107
    • 0003704451 scopus 로고
    • The physical environment
    • Buckley, G. P. (ed.), Chapman and Hall
    • Mitchell, P. L. 1992. The physical environment. - In: Buckley, G. P. (ed.), Ecology and management of coppice woodlands. Chapman and Hall, pp. 31-51.
    • (1992) Ecology and Management of Coppice Woodlands , pp. 31-51
    • Mitchell, P.L.1
  • 108
    • 0023477490 scopus 로고
    • Breeding birds in habitat patches: Random distribution of species and individuals?
    • Møller, A. P. 1987. Breeding birds in habitat patches: random distribution of species and individuals? - J. Biogeogr. 14: 225-236.
    • (1987) J. Biogeogr. , vol.14 , pp. 225-236
    • Møller, A.P.1
  • 109
    • 0024884879 scopus 로고
    • Nest site selection across field-woodland ecotones: The effect of nest predation
    • _ 1989a. Nest site selection across field-woodland ecotones: the effect of nest predation. - Oikos 56: 240-246.
    • (1989) Oikos , vol.56 , pp. 240-246
  • 110
    • 0024872988 scopus 로고
    • Parasites, predators and nest boxes: Facts and artefacts in nest box studies of birds?
    • _ 1989b. Parasites, predators and nest boxes: facts and artefacts in nest box studies of birds? - Oikos 56: 421-423.
    • (1989) Oikos , vol.56 , pp. 421-423
  • 111
    • 0026282390 scopus 로고
    • Clutch size, nest predation, and distribution of avian unequal competitors in a patchy environment
    • _ 1991. Clutch size, nest predation, and distribution of avian unequal competitors in a patchy environment. Ecology 72: 1336-1349.
    • (1991) Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 1336-1349
  • 112
    • 0028977575 scopus 로고
    • Developmental stability and ideal despotic distribution of blackbirds in a patchy environment
    • _ 1995. Developmental stability and ideal despotic distribution of blackbirds in a patchy environment. - Oikos 72: 228-234.
    • (1995) Oikos , vol.72 , pp. 228-234
  • 113
    • 0027020438 scopus 로고
    • Bird-vegetation relationships along ecological gradients: Ordination and plexus analysis
    • Moskát, C. and Waliczky, Z. 1992. Bird-vegetation relationships along ecological gradients: ordination and plexus analysis. - Ornis Hung. 2: 45-60.
    • (1992) Ornis Hung. , vol.2 , pp. 45-60
    • Moskát, C.1    Waliczky, Z.2
  • 114
    • 0028973860 scopus 로고
    • Edge effects in fragmented forests: Implications for conservation
    • Murcia, C. 1995. Edge effects in fragmented forests: implications for conservation. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 10: 58-62.
    • (1995) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.10 , pp. 58-62
    • Murcia, C.1
  • 115
    • 84989991388 scopus 로고
    • The adaptive radiation and feeding ecology of the British finches
    • Newton, I. 1967. The adaptive radiation and feeding ecology of the British finches. - Ibis 109: 33-98.
    • (1967) Ibis , vol.109 , pp. 33-98
    • Newton, I.1
  • 116
    • 0006207698 scopus 로고
    • Ecological principles of tropical lowland forest conservation
    • Sutton, S. L., Whitmore, T. C. and Chadwick, A. C. (eds) Blackwell
    • Ng, F. S. P. 1983. Ecological principles of tropical lowland forest conservation. - In: Sutton, S. L., Whitmore, T. C. and Chadwick, A. C. (eds), Tropical rain forest: ecology and management. Blackwell, pp. 359-375.
    • (1983) Tropical Rain Forest: Ecology and Management , pp. 359-375
    • Ng, F.S.P.1
  • 117
    • 0022208589 scopus 로고
    • Egg predation in forest birds communities on islands and mainland
    • Nilsson, S. G., Björkman, C., Forslund, P. and Höglund, J. 1985. Egg predation in forest birds communities on islands and mainland. - Oecologia 66: 511-515.
    • (1985) Oecologia , vol.66 , pp. 511-515
    • Nilsson, S.G.1    Björkman, C.2    Forslund, P.3    Höglund, J.4
  • 118
    • 0027498826 scopus 로고
    • Artificial nest predation and habitat fragmentation: Different trends in bird and mammal predators
    • Nour, N., Matthysen, E. and Dhondt, A. A. 1993. Artificial nest predation and habitat fragmentation: different trends in bird and mammal predators. - Ecography 16: 111-116.
    • (1993) Ecography , vol.16 , pp. 111-116
    • Nour, N.1    Matthysen, E.2    Dhondt, A.A.3
  • 119
    • 0001896427 scopus 로고
    • Bird population responses to habitat
    • Taylor, K., Fuller, R. J. and Lack, P. C. (eds) British Trust Ornithol., Tring
    • O'Connor, R. J. and Fuller, R. J. 1985. Bird population responses to habitat. - In: Taylor, K., Fuller, R. J. and Lack, P. C. (eds), Bird census and atlas studies. British Trust Ornithol., Tring, pp. 197-211.
    • (1985) Bird Census and Atlas Studies , pp. 197-211
    • O'Connor, R.J.1    Fuller, R.J.2
  • 121
    • 0004207866 scopus 로고
    • Holt-Saunders
    • _ 1983. Basic ecology. - Holt-Saunders.
    • (1983) Basic Ecology
  • 122
    • 0001843980 scopus 로고
    • Water and light in relation to pine reproduction
    • Oosting, H. J. and Kramer, P. J. 1946. Water and light in relation to pine reproduction. - Ecology 27: 47-53.
    • (1946) Ecology , vol.27 , pp. 47-53
    • Oosting, H.J.1    Kramer, P.J.2
  • 123
    • 0022230886 scopus 로고
    • Bird communities in small woods in an agricultural landscape: Effects of area and isolation
    • Opdam, P., Rijsdijk, G. and Hustings, F. 1985. Bird communities in small woods in an agricultural landscape: effects of area and isolation. - Biol. Conserv. 34: 333-352.
    • (1985) Biol. Conserv. , vol.34 , pp. 333-352
    • Opdam, P.1    Rijsdijk, G.2    Hustings, F.3
  • 124
    • 0028179752 scopus 로고
    • The effects of edge on avian nest success: How strong is the evidence?
    • Paton, P. W. C. 1994. The effects of edge on avian nest success: how strong is the evidence? - Conserv. Biol. 8: 17-26.
    • (1994) Conserv. Biol. , vol.8 , pp. 17-26
    • Paton, P.W.C.1
  • 125
    • 0029472434 scopus 로고
    • Bird populations in upland spruce plantations in northern Britain
    • Patterson, I. J., Ollason, J. G. and Doyle, P. 1995. Bird populations in upland spruce plantations in northern Britain. - For. Ecol. Manage. 79: 107-131.
    • (1995) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.79 , pp. 107-131
    • Patterson, I.J.1    Ollason, J.G.2    Doyle, P.3
  • 126
    • 0000871457 scopus 로고
    • Population fluctuations and clutch size in the great tit Parus major L
    • Perrins, C. M. 1965. Population fluctuations and clutch size in the great tit Parus major L. - J. Anim. Ecol. 34: 601-647.
    • (1965) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.34 , pp. 601-647
    • Perrins, C.M.1
  • 127
    • 0004165553 scopus 로고
    • Collins
    • _ 1979. British tits. - Collins.
    • (1979) British Tits
  • 130
    • 0022851356 scopus 로고
    • A review of factors limiting the Kirtland's warbler on its breeding grounds
    • Probst, J. R. 1986. A review of factors limiting the Kirtland's warbler on its breeding grounds. - Am. Midl. Nat. 116: 87-100.
    • (1986) Am. Midl. Nat. , vol.116 , pp. 87-100
    • Probst, J.R.1
  • 131
    • 0024224682 scopus 로고
    • Sources, sinks, and population regulation
    • Pulliam, H. R. 1988. Sources, sinks, and population regulation. - Am. Nat. 132: 652-661.
    • (1988) Am. Nat. , vol.132 , pp. 652-661
    • Pulliam, H.R.1
  • 132
    • 0019737966 scopus 로고
    • The importance of edge in the structure and dynamics of forest stands
    • Burgess, R. L. and Sharpe, D. M. (eds) Springer
    • Ranney, J. W., Bruner, M. C. and Levenson, J. B. 1981. The importance of edge in the structure and dynamics of forest stands. - In: Burgess, R. L. and Sharpe, D. M. (eds), Forest island dynamics in man-dominated landscapes. Springer, pp. 67-95.
    • (1981) Forest Island Dynamics in Man-dominated Landscapes , pp. 67-95
    • Ranney, J.W.1    Bruner, M.C.2    Levenson, J.B.3
  • 133
    • 0024221625 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary tests of the ecological trap hypothesis
    • Ratti, J. T. and Reese, K. P. 1988. Preliminary tests of the ecological trap hypothesis. - J. Wildl. Manage. 52: 484-491.
    • (1988) J. Wildl. Manage. , vol.52 , pp. 484-491
    • Ratti, J.T.1    Reese, K.P.2
  • 134
    • 0020377292 scopus 로고
    • Vegetative structure, concealment and success at nests of two races of spruce grouse
    • Redmond, G. W. D., Keppie, D. M. and Herzog, P. W. 1982. Vegetative structure, concealment and success at nests of two races of spruce grouse. - Can. J. Zool. 60: 670-675.
    • (1982) Can. J. Zool. , vol.60 , pp. 670-675
    • Redmond, G.W.D.1    Keppie, D.M.2    Herzog, P.W.3
  • 135
    • 0024224301 scopus 로고
    • Energy constraints on avian distribution and abundance
    • Root, T. 1988. Energy constraints on avian distribution and abundance. Ecology 69: 330-339.
    • (1988) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 330-339
    • Root, T.1
  • 136
    • 0005901699 scopus 로고
    • The effect of the woodland-open peatland edge on some peatland birds in South Finland
    • Sammalisto, L. 1957. The effect of the woodland-open peatland edge on some peatland birds in South Finland. - Ornis Fenn. 34: 81-89.
    • (1957) Ornis Fenn. , vol.34 , pp. 81-89
    • Sammalisto, L.1
  • 137
    • 0001827762 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced predation rates on cavity bird nests at deciduous forest edges - An experimental study
    • Sandström, U. 1991. Enhanced predation rates on cavity bird nests at deciduous forest edges - an experimental study. - Ornis Fenn. 68: 93-98.
    • (1991) Ornis Fenn. , vol.68 , pp. 93-98
    • Sandström, U.1
  • 138
    • 0026526583 scopus 로고
    • Edge effects on nest predation in Mediterranean fragmented forests
    • Santos, T. and Telleria, J. L. 1992. Edge effects on nest predation in Mediterranean fragmented forests. - Biol. Conserv. 60: 1-5.
    • (1992) Biol. Conserv. , vol.60 , pp. 1-5
    • Santos, T.1    Telleria, J.L.2
  • 139
    • 0020232854 scopus 로고
    • The breeding behaviour and biology of the short-billed form of the white-tailed cockatoo Calyptorhynchos funereus
    • Saunders, D. A. 1982. The breeding behaviour and biology of the short-billed form of the white-tailed cockatoo Calyptorhynchos funereus. - Ibis 124: 422-435.
    • (1982) Ibis , vol.124 , pp. 422-435
    • Saunders, D.A.1
  • 140
    • 0026291025 scopus 로고
    • Biological consequences of ecosystem fragmentation: A review
    • _ , Hobbs, R. J. and Margules, C. R. 1991. Biological consequences of ecosystem fragmentation: a review. Conserv. Biol. 5: 18-32.
    • (1991) Conserv. Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 18-32
    • Hobbs, R.J.1    Margules, C.R.2
  • 141
    • 0001833031 scopus 로고
    • Selecting a random sample of points in circular field plots
    • Skalski, J. R. 1987. Selecting a random sample of points in circular field plots. - Ecology 68: 749.
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 749
    • Skalski, J.R.1
  • 142
    • 0000412167 scopus 로고
    • Bird population changes after clearance of deciduous scrub
    • Slagsvold, T. 1977. Bird population changes after clearance of deciduous scrub. - Biol. Conserv. 12: 229-244.
    • (1977) Biol. Conserv. , vol.12 , pp. 229-244
    • Slagsvold, T.1
  • 143
    • 0004498774 scopus 로고
    • The ecology of the great spotted woodpecker
    • Smith, K. W. 1987. The ecology of the great spotted woodpecker. - RSPB Conserv. Rev. 1: 74-77.
    • (1987) RSPB Conserv. Rev. , vol.1 , pp. 74-77
    • Smith, K.W.1
  • 144
    • 0028973845 scopus 로고
    • The responses of species to climate over two centuries: An analysis of the Marsham phenological record
    • Sparks, T. H. and Carey, P. D. 1995. The responses of species to climate over two centuries: an analysis of the Marsham phenological record. - J. Ecol. 83: 321-329.
    • (1995) J. Ecol. , vol.83 , pp. 321-329
    • Sparks, T.H.1    Carey, P.D.2
  • 145
    • 0027088253 scopus 로고
    • An inventory of ancient woodland for England and Wales
    • Spencer, J. W. and Kirby, K. J. 1992. An inventory of ancient woodland for England and Wales. - Biol. Conserv. 62: 77-93.
    • (1992) Biol. Conserv. , vol.62 , pp. 77-93
    • Spencer, J.W.1    Kirby, K.J.2
  • 147
    • 0028161752 scopus 로고
    • Avian predation risk modifies breeding bird community on a farmland area
    • Suhonen, J., Norrdahl, K. and Korpimäki, E. 1994. Avian predation risk modifies breeding bird community on a farmland area. - Ecology 75: 1626-1634.
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 1626-1634
    • Suhonen, J.1    Norrdahl, K.2    Korpimäki, E.3
  • 148
    • 0023528655 scopus 로고
    • The breeding bird communities of woodlands in a new city
    • Taylor, K., Marchant, J. M. and Morgan, R. A. 1987. The breeding bird communities of woodlands in a new city. - Acta Oecol. 8: 293-299.
    • (1987) Acta Oecol. , vol.8 , pp. 293-299
    • Taylor, K.1    Marchant, J.M.2    Morgan, R.A.3
  • 149
    • 0028162974 scopus 로고
    • Parental energy expenditure during brood rearing in the great tit (Parus major) in relation to body mass, temperature, food availability and clutch size
    • Tinbergen, J. M. and Dietz, M. W. 1994. Parental energy expenditure during brood rearing in the great tit (Parus major) in relation to body mass, temperature, food availability and clutch size. - Funct. Ecol. 8: 563-572.
    • (1994) Funct. Ecol. , vol.8 , pp. 563-572
    • Tinbergen, J.M.1    Dietz, M.W.2
  • 150
    • 0021547615 scopus 로고
    • Breeding bird community of a primaeval temperate forest (Bialowieza National Park, Poland)
    • Tomialojć, L., Wesolowski, T. and Walankiewicz, W. 1981. Breeding bird community of a primaeval temperate forest (Bialowieza National Park, Poland). - Acta Ornithol. 20: 241-310.
    • (1981) Acta Ornithol. , vol.20 , pp. 241-310
    • Tomialojć, L.1    Wesolowski, T.2    Walankiewicz, W.3
  • 151
    • 0028161050 scopus 로고
    • Effects of forest fragmentation on the population structure of the winter moth Operophtera brumata L. (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)
    • van Dongen, S., Backeljau, T., Matthysen, E. and Dhondt, A. A. 1994. Effects of forest fragmentation on the population structure of the winter moth Operophtera brumata L. (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). - Acta Oecol. 15: 193-206.
    • (1994) Acta Oecol. , vol.15 , pp. 193-206
    • Van Dongen, S.1    Backeljau, T.2    Matthysen, E.3    Dhondt, A.A.4
  • 152
    • 0026595437 scopus 로고
    • Evidence of incidental nest predation and its effects on nests of threatened grassland birds
    • Vickery, P. D., Hunter, M. L. and Wells, J. V. 1992. Evidence of incidental nest predation and its effects on nests of threatened grassland birds. - Oikos 63: 281-288.
    • (1992) Oikos , vol.63 , pp. 281-288
    • Vickery, P.D.1    Hunter, M.L.2    Wells, J.V.3
  • 154
    • 0022244592 scopus 로고
    • A case study of woodland continuity and change in the American Midwest
    • Whitney, G. G. and Somerlot, W. J. 1985. A case study of woodland continuity and change in the American Midwest. - Biol. Conserv. 31: 265-287.
    • (1985) Biol. Conserv. , vol.31 , pp. 265-287
    • Whitney, G.G.1    Somerlot, W.J.2
  • 156
    • 0022207241 scopus 로고
    • Nest predation in forest tracts and the decline of migratory songbirds
    • Wilcove, D. S. 1985. Nest predation in forest tracts and the decline of migratory songbirds. - Ecology 66: 1211-1214.
    • (1985) Ecology , vol.66 , pp. 1211-1214
    • Wilcove, D.S.1
  • 157
    • 0025588498 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation structure and environmental conditions of forest edges in Panama
    • Williams-Linera, G. 1990. Vegetation structure and environmental conditions of forest edges in Panama. - J. Ecol. 78: 356-373.
    • (1990) J. Ecol. , vol.78 , pp. 356-373
    • Williams-Linera, G.1
  • 158
    • 0022212292 scopus 로고
    • Depradation on artificial ground nests: Effects of edge and plot age
    • Yahner, R. H. and Wright, A. L. 1985. Depradation on artificial ground nests: effects of edge and plot age. - J. Wildl. Manage. 49: 508-513.
    • (1985) J. Wildl. Manage. , vol.49 , pp. 508-513
    • Yahner, R.H.1    Wright, A.L.2
  • 159
    • 0001228650 scopus 로고
    • Effects of nest location on depradation of artificial arboreal nests
    • _ and Cypher, B. L. 1987. Effects of nest location on depradation of artificial arboreal nests. - J. Wildl. Manage. 51: 178-181.
    • (1987) J. Wildl. Manage. , vol.51 , pp. 178-181
    • Cypher, B.L.1
  • 160
    • 0028181422 scopus 로고
    • Microclimate and vegetation edge effects in a fragmented podocarp-broadleaf forest in New Zealand
    • Young, A. and Mitchell, N. 1994. Microclimate and vegetation edge effects in a fragmented podocarp-broadleaf forest in New Zealand. - Biol. Conserv. 67: 63-72.
    • (1994) Biol. Conserv. , vol.67 , pp. 63-72
    • Young, A.1    Mitchell, N.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.