Patterns of invasion of an urban remnant of a species-rich grassland in southeastern Australia by non-native plant species

Journal of Vegetation Science

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 181-190

  Morgan, John W ^a  

^a LA TROBE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Competition; Disturbance; Phosphorus; Remnant edge; Themeda triandra

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL INVASION; GRASSLAND; INTRODUCED SPECIES; REMNANT HABITAT;

AUSTRALIA;

THEMEDA TRIANDRA;

EID: 0031862387     PISSN: 11009233     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3237117     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Arnold, G.W., Algar, D., Hobbs, R.J. & Atkins, L. 1987. A survey of vegetation and its relationship to vertebrate fauna present in winter on road verges in the Kellerberrin district, WA. Department of Conservation and Land Management, Technical Report 18, Western Australia.
2. Billings, W.D. 1990. Bromus tectorum, a biotic cause of ecosystem impoverishment in the Great Basin. In: Woodell, G.M. (ed.) The earth in transition: patterns and processes of biotic impoverishment, pp. 301-322. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
3. Burke, M.J.W. & Grime, J.P. 1996. An experimental study of plant community invasibility. Ecology 77: 776-790.
4. Cale, P. & Hobbs, R. 1991. Condition of roadside vegetation in relation to nutrient status. In: Saunders, D.A. & Hobbs, R.J. (eds.) Nature conservation 2: the role of corridors, pp. 353-362. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton.
5. Campbell, B.M., Gubb, A. & Moll, E.J. 1980. The vegetation of the Edith Stephens Cape Flats Flora Reserve. S. Afr. J. Bot. 46: 435-444.
6. Grilz, P.L. & Romo, J.T. 1995. Management considerations for controlling smooth brome in fescue prairie. Nat. Areas J. 15: 148-156.
7. Grime, J.P. 1979. Plant strategies and vegetation processes. Wiley, Chichester.
8. Harper, J.L. 1977. Population biology of plants. Academic Press, Sydney.
9. Hester, A.J. & Hobbs, R.J. 1992. Influence of fire and soil nutrients on native and non-native annuals at remnant vegetation edges in the Western Australian wheatbelt. J. Veg. Sci. 3: 101-108.
10. Hill, M.O. & Gauch, H.G. 1980. Detrended correspondence analysis: an improved ordination technique. Vegetatio 42: 47-58.
11. Hobbs, R.J. & Atkins, L. 1988. Effect of disturbance and nutrient addition on native and introduced annuals in plant communities in the Western Australian wheatbelt. Aust. J. Ecol. 13: 171-179.
12. Hobbs, R.J. & Humphries, S.E. 1995. An integrated approach to the ecology and management of plant invasions. Conserv. Biol. 9: 761-770.
13. Huenneke, L.F., Hamburg, S.P., Koide, R., Mooney, H.A. & Vitousek, P.M. 1990. Effects of soil resources on plant invasion and community structure in Californian serpentine grassland. Ecology 71: 478-491.
14. Hurlbert, S.H. 1984. Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments. Ecol. Monogr. 54: 187-211.
15. Johnstone, I.M. 1986. Plant invasion windows: a time-based classification of invasion potential. Biol. Rev. 61: 369-394.
16. Keizer, P.J., van Tooren, B.F. & During, H.J. 1985. Effects of bryophytes on seedling emergence and establishment of short-lived forbs in chalk grassland. J. Ecol. 73: 493-504.
17. Kent, M. & Coker, P. 1992. Vegetation description and analysis. Belhaven Press, London.
18. Knops, J.M.H., Griffin, J.R. & Royalty, A.C. 1995. Introduced and native plants of the Hastings Reservation, central coastal California: a comparison. Biol. Conserv. 71: 115-123.
19. Lunt, I.D. 1990a. The soil seed bank of a long-grazed Themeda triandra grassland in Victoria. Proc. R. Soc. Vic. 102: 53-57.
20. Lunt, I.D. 1990b. Impact of an autumn fire on a long-grazed Themeda triandra grassland: implications for management of invaded remnant vegetations. Vic. Nat. 107: 45-51.
21. Mack, R.N. 1989. Temperate grasslands vulnerable to plant invasions: characteristics and consequences. In: Drake, J.A. et al. (eds.) Biological invasions: a global perspective, pp. 155-179. Wiley, New York, NY.
22. McDougall, K.L. 1989. The re-establishment of Themeda triandra (Kangaroo Grass): implications for the restoration of grassland. Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical Report Series No. 89, Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands, Melbourne.
23. McDougall, K. 1994. Grassland flora and significant species. In: McDougall, K. & Kirkpatrick, J.B. (eds.) Conservation of lowland native grasslands in south-eastern Australia, pp. 4-7. World Wide Fund for Nature, Sydney.
24. McDougall, K., Barlow, T. & Appleby, M. 1992. Native grassland sites of significance and species rescue on the western basalt plains, Victoria. Australian National Parks and Wildlife Services, Canberra.
25. McIntyre, S. 1993. The nature of exotic invasions in herbaceous vegetation of high and low species richness: implications for conservation and management. 10th Australian Weeds Conference and the 14th Asian Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, Proceedings I, pp. 466-470. Brisbane.
26. McIntyre, S. & Lavorel, S. 1994a. How environmental and disturbance factors influence species composition in temperate Australian grasslands. J. Veg. Sci. 5: 373-384.
27. McIntyre, S. & Lavorel, S. 1994b. Predicting richness of native, rare, and exotic plants in response to habitat and disturbance variables across a variegated landscape. Conserv. Biol. 8: 521-531.
28. McIntyre, S., Ladiges, P.Y. & Adams, G. 1988. Plant species-richness and invasion by exotics in relation to disturbance of wetland communities on the Riverine Plains, NSW. Aust. J. Ecol. 13: 361-373.
29. McIntyre, S., Lavorel, S. & Tremont, R.M. 1995. Plant life-history attributes: their relationship to disturbance response in herbaceous vegetation. J. Ecol. 83: 31-44.
30. Morgan, J.W. 1996. Secondary juvenile period and community recovery following late-spring burning of a Kangaroo Grass Themeda triandra grassland. Vic. Nat. 113: 47-57.
31. Morgan, J.W. & Rollason, T.S. 1995. Base-line monitoring of a significant grassland remnant at Evans Street, Sunbury, Victoria. Vic Nat. 112: 148-159.
32. Muir, B.G. 1979. Observations on wind-blown superphosphate in native vegetation. West Aust. Nat. 14: 128-130.
33. Panetta, F.D. & Hopkins, A.J.M. 1991. Weeds in corridors: invasion and management. In: Saunders, D.A. & Hobbs, R.J. (eds.) Nature conservation 2: the role of corridors, pp. 341-351. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton.
34. Parker, I.M., Mertens, S.K. & Schemske, D.W. 1993. Distribution of seven native and two exotic plants in a tallgrass prairie in southeastern Wisconsin: the importance of human disturbance. Am. Midl. Nat. 130: 43-55.
35. Peart, D.R. & Foin, T.C. 1985. Analysis and prediction of population and community change: a grassland case study. In: White, J. (ed.) The population structure of vegetation, pp. 313-339. Junk, Dordrecht.
36. Richardson, D.M. & Cowling, R.M. 1992. Why is mountain fynbos invasible and which species invade? In: van Wilgen, B.W., Richardson, D.M., Kruger, F.J. & van Hensbergen, H.J. (eds.) Fire in South African mountain fynbos, pp. 161-181. Springer Verlag, Berlin.
37. Ross, J.H. 1996. A census of the vascular plants of Victoria. National Herbarium of Victoria, Melbourne.
38. Rusch, G.M. & Oesterheld, M. 1997. Relationship between productivity, and species and functional group diversity in grazed and non-grazed Pampas grassland. Oikos 78: 519-526.
39. Saunders, D.A., Hobbs, R.J. & Margules, C.R. 1991. Biological consequences of ecosystem fragmentation: a review. Conserv. Biol. 5: 18-32.
40. Scarlett, N.H. 1994. Soil crusts, germination and weeds -issues to consider. Vic. Nat. 111: 125-130.
41. Scarlett, N.H., Wallbrink, S.J. & McDougall, K. 1992. Field guide to Victoria's native grasslands. Victoria Press, South Melbourne.
42. Sokal, R.R. & Rohlf, F.J. 1981. Biometry. W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, CA.
43. Stuwe, J. 1986. An assessment of the conservation status of native grasslands on the western plains, Victoria and sites of botanical significance. Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical Report Series No. 48. Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands, Melbourne.
44. Stuwe, J. & Parsons, R.F. 1977. Themeda australis grasslands on the basalt plains, Victoria: floristics and management effects. Aust. J. Ecol. 2: 467-476.
45. ter Braak, C.J.F. 1986. Canonical correspondence analysis: a new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis. Ecology 67: 1167-1179.
46. Tyser, R.W. & Worley, C.A. 1992. Alien flora in grasslands adjacent to road and trail corridors in Glacier National Park, Montana (U.S.A.). Cons. Biol. 6: 253-262.
47. van Tooren, B.F. 1988. The fate of seeds after dispersal in chalk grassland: the role of the bryophyte layer. Oikos 53: 41-48.
48. Vlok, J.H.J. 1988. Alpha diversity of lowland fynbos herbs at various levels of infestation by alien annuals. S. Afr. J. Bot. 54: 623-627.
49. Wahren, C.-H. A., Papst, W.A. & Williams, R.J. 1994. Long-term vegetation change in relation to cattle grazing in subalpine grassland and heathland on the Bogong High Plains: an analysis of vegetation records from 1945 to 1994. Aust. J. Bot. 42: 607-639.
50. Willis, J.H. 1964. Vegetation of the basalt plains in western Victoria. Proc. R. Soc. Vic. 77: 397-418.
51. Zar, J.H. 1984. Biostatistical analysis. Prentice-Hall International, London.