Soft tissue sarcomas of adults: State of the translational science

Clinical Cancer Research

Volumn 9, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 1941-1956

  Borden, Ernest C ^a   Baker, Laurence H ^b   Bell, Robert S ^c   Bramwell, Vivien ^d   Demetri, George D ^e   Eisenberg, Burton L ^f   Fletcher, Christopher D M ^g   Fletcher, Jonathan A ^g   Ladanyi, Marc ^h   Meltzer, Paul ⁱ   O'Sullivan, Brian ^c   Parkinson, David R ^j   Pisters, Peter W T ^j   Saxman, Scott ^k   Singer, Samuel ^h   Sundaram, Murali ^l   Van Oosterom, Allan T ^m   Verweij, Jaap ⁿ   Waalen, Jill ^o   Weiss, Sharon W ^p   Brennan, Murray F ^h   more..

^a LERNER RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^c PRINCESS MARGARET HOSPITAL   (Canada)

^d LONDON REGIONAL CANCER PROGRAM   (Canada)

^e DANA FARBER CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

^f FOX CHASE CANCER CENTER   (United States)

^g BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^h MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER   (United States)

ⁱ NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^j NOVARTIS PHARMA AG   (Switzerland)

^k NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

^l MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

^m UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS LEUVEN   (Belgium)

ⁿ ERASMUS MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^o SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^p EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTHRACYCLINE DERIVATIVE; DOXORUBICIN; EPIRUBICIN; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18; GENE PRODUCT; IFOSFAMIDE; IMATINIB; LY 29004; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE INHIBITOR; STEM CELL FACTOR RECEPTOR; TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ABDOMINAL BLEEDING; ADULT; CANCER COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER SURVIVAL; CHIMERA; CHROMOSOME TRANSLOCATION; CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DNA MICROARRAY; DRUG ERUPTION; DRUG FATALITY; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG TARGETING; EDEMA; ENZYME INHIBITION; GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOR; GENE IDENTIFICATION; GENE MUTATION; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; KARYOTYPE; LEUKEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MESODERM; META ANALYSIS; METASTASIS; METHODOLOGY; MULTIGENE FAMILY; NAUSEA; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SOFT TISSUE SARCOMA; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VALIDATION PROCESS; VOMITING;

ADULT; CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT; CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS; HUMANS; KARYOTYPING; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAY SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; RETROPERITONEAL NEOPLASMS; SARCOMA;

EID: 10744227336     PISSN: 10780432     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (129)

1. Russell, W. O., Cohen, J., Enzinger, F., Hajdu, S. I., Heise, H., Martin, R. G., Meissner, W., Miller, W. T., Schmitz, R. L., and Suit, H. D. A clinical and pathological staging system for soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer (Phila.), 40: 1562-1570, 1977.
2. Geer, R. J., Woodruff, J., Casper, E. S., and Brennan, M. F. Management of small soft-tissue sarcoma of the extremity in adults. Arch. Surg., 127: 1285-1289, 1992.
3. Fong, Y., Coit, D. G., Woodruff, J. M., and Brennan, M. F. Lymph node metastasis from soft tissue sarcoma in adults. Analysis of data from a prospective database of 1772 sarcoma patients. Ann. Surg., 218: 72-77, 1993.
4. Pisters, P., Leung, D., Woodruff, J., Shi, W., and Brennan, M. F. Analysis of prognostic factors in 1041 patients with localized soft tissue sarcomas of the extremity. J. Clin. Oncol., 14: 1679-1689, 1996.
5. Soft Tissue Sarcoma. In: American Joint Committee on Cancer. Cancer Staging Manual, 6th ed., pp. 221-228. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 2002.
6. Brennan, M. F. Staging for soft tissue sarcoma. Ann. Surg. Oncol., 6: 8-9, 1999.
7. Kattan, M. W., Leung, D. H., and Brennan, M. F. Postoperative nomogram for 12-year sarcoma-specific death. J. Clin. Oncol., 20: 791-796, 2002.
8. Mitelman, F. Recurrent chromosome aberrations in cancer. Mutat. Res., 462: 247-253, 2000.
9. Dutrillaux, B. Caryotype, vieillissement et types de cancer: y a-t-il un lien? Bull. Cancer (Paris), 87: 19-23, 2000.
10. Bennicelli, J. L., and Barr, F. G. Chromosomal translocations and sarcomas. Curr. Opin. Oncol., 14: 412-419, 2002.
11. Ladanyi, M., and Bridge, J. A. Contribution of molecular genetic data to the classification of sarcomas. Hum. Pathol., 31: 532-538, 2000.
12. Zoubek, A., Dockhorn-Dworniczak, B., Delattre, O., Christiansen, H., Niggli, F., Gatterer-Menz, I., Smith, T. L., Jurgens, H., Gadner, H., and Kovar, H. Does expression of different EWS chimeric transcripts define clinically distinct risk groups of Ewing tumor patients? J. Clin. Oncol., 14: 1245-1251, 1996.
13. de Alava, E., Kawai, A., Healey, J. H., Fligman, I., Meyers, P., Huvos, A. G., Gerald, W. L., Jhanwar, S. C., Argani, P., Antonescu, C. R., Pardo-Mindan, F. J., Ginsberg, J., Womer, R., Lawlor, E. R., Wunder, J., Andrulis, I., Sorensen, P. H. B., Barr, F. G., and Ladanyi, M. EWS-FL11 fusion transcript structure is an independent determinant of prognosis in Ewing's sarcoma. J. Clin. Oncol., 16: 1248-1255, 1998.
14. Ladanyi, M., Antonescu, C. R., Leung, D. H., Woodruff, J. M., Kawai, A., Healey, J. H., Brennan, M. F., Bridge, J. A., Neff, J. R., Barr, F. G., Goldsmith, J. D., Brooks, J. S. J., Goldblum, J. R., Ali, S. Z., Shipley, J. M., Cooper, C. S., Fisher, C., Skytting, B., and Larsson, O. Impact of SYT-SSX fusion type on the clinical behavior of synovial sarcoma. A multi-institutional retrospective study of 243 patients. Cancer Res., 62: 135-140, 2002.
15. Sorensen, P. H., Lynch, J. C., Qualman, S. J., Tirabosco, R., Lim, J. F., Maurer, H. M., Bridge, J. A., Crist, W. M., Triche, T. J., and Barr, F. G. PAX3-FKHR and PAX7-FKHR gene fusions are prognostic indicators in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. J. Clin. Oncol., 20: 2672-2679, 2002.
16. Barr, F. G. Translocations, cancer and the puzzle of specificity. Nat. Genet., 19: 121-124, 1998.
17. Perez-Losada, J., Pintado, B., Gutierrez-Adan, A., Flores, T., Banares-Gonzalez, B., del Campo, J. C., Martin-Martin, J. F., Battaner, E., and Sanchez-Garcia, I. The chimeric FUS/TLS-CHOP fusion protein specifically induces liposarcomas in transgenic mice. Oncogene, 19: 2413-2422, 2000.
18. Anderson, M. J., Shelton, G. D., Cavenee, W. K., and Arden, K. C. Embryonic expression of the tumor-associated PAX3-FKHR fusion protein interferes with the developmental functions of Pax3. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 98: 1589-1594, 2001.
19. van de Rijn, M., Barr, F. G., Xiong, Q. B., Salhany, K. E., Fraker, D. L., and Fisher, C. Radiation-associated synovial sarcoma. Hum. Pathol., 28: 1325-1328, 1997.
20. Tomescu, O., and Barr, F. G. Chromosomal translocations in sarcomas: prospects for therapy. Trends Mol. Med., 7: 554-559, 2001.
21. Olsen, R. J., Tarantolo, S. R., and Hinrichs, S. H. Molecular approaches to sarcoma therapy. Sarcoma, 6: 27-42, 2002.
22. Rabbitts, T. H. Chromosomal translocation master genes, mouse models and experimental therapeutics. Oncogene, 20: 5763-5777, 2001.
23. Artandi, S. E., Chang, S., Lee, S. L., Alson, S., Gottlieb, G. J., Chin, L., and DePinho, R. A. Telomere dysfunction promotes non-reciprocal translocations and epithelial cancers in mice. Nature (Lond.), 406: 641-645, 2000.
24. Gisselsson, D., Pettersson, L., Hoglund, M., Heidenblad, M., Gorunova, L., Wiegant, J., Mertens, F., Dal Cin, P., Mitelman, F., and Mandahl, N. Chromosomal breakage-fusion-bridge events cause genetic intratumor heterogeneity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97: 5357-5362, 2000.
25. Scheel, C., Schaefer, K. L., Jauch, A., Keller, M., Wai, D., Brinkschmidt, C., van Valen, F., Boecker, W., Dockhorn-Dworniczak, B., and Poremba, C. Alternative lengthening of telomeres is associated with chromosomal instability in osteosarcomas. Oncogene, 20: 3835-3844, 2001.
26. Gisselsson, D., Jonson, T., Petersen, A., Strombeck, B., Dal Cin, P., Hoglund, M., Mitelman, F., Mertens, F., and Mandahl, N. Telomere dysfunction triggers extensive DNA fragmentation and evolution of complex chromosome abnormalities in human malignant tumors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 98: 12683-12688, 2001.
27. Sharpless, N. E., Ferguson, D. O., O'Hagan, R. C., Castrillon, D. H., Lee, C., Farazi, P. A., Alson, S., Fleming, J., Morton, C. C., Frank, K., Chin, L., Alt, F. W., and DePinho, R. A. Impaired nonhomologous end-joining provokes soft tissue sarcomas harboring chromosomal translocations, amplifications, and deletions. Mol. Cell, 8: 1187-1196, 2001.
28. Hoglund, M., Gisselsson, D., Sall, T., and Mitelman, F. Coping with complexity. Multivariate analysis of tumor karyotypes. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet., 135: 103-109, 2002.
29. Antonescu, C. R., Leung, D. H., Dudas, M., Ladanyi, M., Brennan, M., Woodruff, J. M., and Cordon-Cardo, C. Alterations of cell cycle regulators in localized synovial sarcoma. A mutlifactorial study with prognostic implications. Am. J. Pathol., 156: 977-983, 2000.
30. Antonescu, C. R., Tschernyavsky, S. J., Decuseara, R., Leung, D. H., Woodruff, J. M., Brennan, M. F., Bridge, J. A., Neff, J. R., Goldblum, J. R., and Ladanyi, M. Prognostic impact of P53 status, TLS-CHOP fusion transcript structure, and histological grade in myxoid liposarcoma: a molecular and clinicopathologic study of 82 cases. Clin. Cancer Res., 7: 3977-3987, 2001.
31. Abudu, A., Mangham, D. C., Reynolds, G. M., Pynsent, P. B., Tillman, R. M., Carter, S. R., and Grimer, R. J. Overexpression of p53 protein in primary Ewing's sarcoma of bone: relationship to tumour stage, response and prognosis. Br. J. Cancer, 79: 1185-1189, 1999.
32. de Alava, E., Antonescu, C. R., Panizo, A., Leung, D. H., Meyers, P., Huvos, A. G., Pardo-Mindan, F. J., Healey, J. H., and Ladanyi, M. Prognostic impact of P53 status in Ewing's sarcoma. Cancer (Phila.), 89: 783-792, 2000.
33. Wei, G., Antonescu, C. R., de Alava, E., Leung, D., Huvos, A. G., Meyers, P., Healey, J. H., and Ladanyi, M. Prognostic impact of INK4A deletion in Ewing's sarcoma. Cancer (Phila.), 89: 793-799, 2000.
34. Lopez-Guerrero, J. A., Pellin, A., Noguera, R., Carda, C., and Llombart-Bosch, A. Molecular analysis of the 9p21 locus and p53 genes in Ewing family tumors. Lab. Investig., 81: 803-814, 2001.
35. Drobnjak, M., Latres, E., Pollack, D., Karpeh, M., Dudas, M., Woodruff, J. M., Brennan, M. F., and Cordon-Cardo, C. Prognostic implications of p53 nuclear overexpression and high proliferation index of Ki-67 in adult soft-tissue sarcomas. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (Bethesda), 86: 549-554, 1994.
36. Wurl, P., Meye, A., Lautenschlager, C., Schmidt, H., Bache, M., Kalthoff, H., Schonfelder, M., Rath, F. W., and Taubert, H. Clinical relevance of pRb and p53 co-overexpression in soft tissue sarcomas. Cancer Lett., 139: 159-165, 1999.
37. Ladanyi, M. EWS-FLI1 and Ewing's sarcoma: recent molecular data and new insights. Cancer Biol. Ther., 1: 330-336, 2002.
38. Hanahan, D., and Weinberg, R. A. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell, 100: 57-70, 2000.
39. Lefevre, S. H., Vogt, N., Dutrillaux, A. M., Chauveinc, L., Stoppa-Lyonnet, D., Doz, F., Desjardins, L., Dutrillaux, B., Chevillard, S., and Malfoy, B. Genome instability in secondary solid tumors developing after radiotherapy of bilateral retinoblastoma. Oncogene, 20: 8092-8099, 2001.
40. Kleihues, P., Schauble, B., zur Hausen, A., Esteve, J., and Ohgaki, H. Tumors associated with p53 germline mutations: a synopsis of 91 families. Am. J. Pathol., 150: 1-13, 1997.
41. Montgomery, E., Argani, P., Hicks, J. L., DeMarzo, A. M., and Meeker, A. K. In situ analysis of telomere length in translocation associated and non-translocation associated sarcomas. Mod. Pathol., 16: 17A, 2003.
42. Yan, P., Benhattar, J., Coindre, J. M., and Guillou, L. Telomerase activity and hTERT mRNA expression can be heterogeneous and does not correlate with telomere length in soft tissue sarcomas. Int. J. Cancer, 98: 851-856, 2002.
43. Ulaner, G. A., Huang, H-Y., Otero, J., Zhao, Z., Ben-Porat, L., Satagopan, J. M., Gorlick, R., Meyers, P., Healey, J. H., Huvos, A. G., Hoffman, A. R., and Ladyani, M. Absence of a telomere maintenance mechanism as a favorable prognostic factor in patients with osteosarcoma. Cancer Res., 63: 1759-1761, 2003.
44. Schneider-Stock, R., Rys, J., Jaeger, V., Niezabitowski, A., Kruczak, A., Sokolowski, A., and Roessner, A. Prognostic significance of telomerase activity in soft tissue sarcomas. Int. J. Oncol., 15: 775-780, 1999.
45. Sangiorgi, L., Gobbi, G. A., Lucarelli, E., Sartorio, S. M., Mordenti, M., Ghedini, I., Maini, V., Scrimieri, F., Reggiani, M., Bertoja, A. Z., Benassi, M. S., and Picci, P. Presence of telomerase activity in different musculoskeletal tumor histotypes and correlation with aggressiveness. Int. J. Cancer, 95: 156-161, 2001.
46. Wurl, P., Kappler, M., Meye, A., Bartel, F., Kohler, T., Lautenschlager, C., Bache, M., Schmidt, H., and Taubert, H. Co-expression of survivin and TERT and risk of tumour-related death in patients with soft-tissue sarcoma. Lancet, 359: 943-945, 2002.
47. Deneen, B., and Denny, C. T. Loss of p16 pathways stabilizes EWS/FLI1 expression and complements EWS/FLI1 mediated transformation. Oncogene, 20: 6731-6741, 2001.
48. Lessnick, S. L., Dacwag, C. S., and Golub, T. R. The Ewing's sarcoma oncoprotein EWS/FLI induces a p53-dependent growth arrest in primary human fibroblasts. Cancer Cell, 1: 393-401, 2002.
49. Schena, M., Shalon, D., Davis, R. W., and Brown, P. O. Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray. Science (Wash. DC), 270: 467-470, 1995.
50. Assersohn, L., Gangi, L., Zhao, Y., Dowsett, M., Simon, R., Powles, T. J., and Liu, E. T. The feasibility of using fine needle aspiration from primary breast cancers for cDNA microarray analyses. Clin. Cancer Res., 8: 794-801, 2002.
51. Khan, J., Wei, J. S., Ringner, M., Saal, L. H., Ladanyi, M., Westermann, R., Berthold, F., Schwab, M., Antonescu, C. R., Peterson, C., and Meltzer, P. S. Classification and diagnostic prediction of cancers using gene expression profiling and artificial neural networks. Nat. Med., 7: 673-679, 2001.
52. Allander, S. V., Nupponen, N. N., Ringner, M., Hostetter, G., Maher, G. W., Goldberger, N., Chen, Y., Carpten, J., Elkabloun, A. G., and Meltzer, P. S. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors with KIT mutations exhibit a remarkably homogeneous gene expression profile. Cancer Res., 61: 8624-8628, 2001.
53. Nielsen, T. O., West, R. B., Linn, S. C., Alter, O., Knowling, M. A., O'Connell, J. X., Zhu, S., Fero, M., Sherlock, G., Pollack, J. R., Brown, P. O., Botstein, D., and van de Rijn, M. Molecular characterization of soft tissue tumours: a gene expression study. Lancet, 359: 1301-1307, 2002.
54. Allander, S. V., Illei, P. B., Chen, Y., Antonescu, C. R., Bittner, M., Ladanyi, M., and Meltzer, P. S. Expression profiling of synovial sarcoma by cDNA microarrays detects association of ERBB2, IGFBP2, and ELF3 with epithelial differentiation. Am. J. Pathol., 161: 1587-1595, 2002.
55. Guillou, L., Coindre, J-M., Bonichon, F., Bui, N. B., Terrier, P., Collin, F., Vilain, M. O., Mandard, A. M., Le Doussal, V., Leroux, A., Jacquemier, J., Duplay, H., Sastre-Garau, X., and Costa, J. Comparative study of the National Cancer Institute and French Federation of Cancer Centers Sarcoma Group grading systems in a population of 410 adult patients with soft tissue sarcoma. J. Clin. Oncol., 15: 350-362, 1997.
56. Brown, F. M., and Fletcher, C. D. M. Problems in grading soft tissue sarcomas. Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 114 (Suppl. 1): S82-S89, 2000.
57. Fletcher, J. A. Cytogenetic analysis of soft tissue tumors. In: S. W. Weiss and J. R. Goldblum (eds.), Soft Tissue Tumors, 4th ed., pp. 125-146. St. Louis, MO: Mosby, 2001.
58. Pathology and genetics of tumours of soft tissue and bone. In: C. D. M. Fletcher, K. K. Unni, and F. Mertens (eds.), WHO Classification of Tumours: Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press, 2002.
59. Fletcher, C. D. M. Pleomorphic malignant fibrous histiocytoma: fact or fiction? A critical reappraisal based on 159 tumors diagnosed as pleomorphic sarcoma. Am. J. Surg. Pathol., 16: 213-228, 1992.
60. Fletcher, C. D. M., Gustafson, P., Rydholm, A., Willen, H., and Akerman, M. Clinicopathologic re-evaluation of 100 malignant fibrous histiocytomas: prognostic relevance of subclassification. J. Clin. Oncol, 19: 3045-3050, 2001.
61. Fletcher, C. D. M., Fletcher, J. A., Dal Cin, P., Ladanyi, M., and Woodruff, J. M. Diagnostic gold standard for soft tissue tumours: morphology or molecular genetics? Histopathology, 39: 100-101, 2001.
62. Singer, S. Demetri, G. D., Baldini, E. H., and Fletcher, C. D. M. Management of soft tissue sarcomas: an overview and update. Lancet Oncol., 1: 75-85, 2000.
63. Fletcher, C. D. M., and Fletcher, J. A. Testing for KIT (CD117) in gastrointestinal stromal tumours: another Herceptest? Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 118: 163-164, 2002.
64. Association of Directors of Anatomic Pathology Reporting. Guidelines for the reporting of soft tissue sarcomas. Mod. Pathol., 11: 1257-1261, 1998.
65. Sundaram, M., McGuire, M. H., and Herbold, D. R. Magnetic resonance imaging of soft tissue masses: an evaluation of 53 histological proven tumors. Magn. Reson. Imaging, 6: 237-248, 1988.
66. Kransdorf, M. J., Jelinek, J. S., Moser, R. P., Utz, J. A., Brower, A. C., Hudson, T. M., and Berrey, B. H. Soft-tissue masses: diagnosis using MR imaging. Am. J. Radiol., 153: 541-547, 1989.
67. Berquist, T. H., Ehman, R. L., King, B. F., Hodgman, C. G., and Ilstrup, D. M. Value of MR imaging in differentiating benign from malignant soft tissue masses: study of 95 lesions. Am. J. Roentgenol., 155: 1251-1255, 1990.
68. Crim, J. R., Seeger, L. L., Yao, L., Chandnani, B., and Eckardt, J. J. Diagnosis of soft tissue masses with MR imaging: can benign masses be differentiated from malignant ones. Radiology, 185: 581-586, 1992.
69. Shapeero, L. G., Vanel, D., Verstraete, K. L., and Bloem, J. L. Soft tissue sarcoma: fast magnetic resonance imaging with contrast for soft tissue sarcoma viability. Clin. Orthop., 397: 212-227, 2002.
70. Nieweg, O. E., Pruim, J., van Ginkel, R. J., Hoekstra, H. J., Paans, A. M., Molenaar, W. M., Koops, H. S., and Vaalburg, W. Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET imaging of soft tissue sarcoma. J. Nucl. Med., 37: 257-261, 1996.
71. Eary, J. S., and Mankoff, E. A. Tumor metabolic rates in sarcoma using FDG PET. J. Nucl. Med., 39: 250-254, 1998.
72. Lucas, J. D., O'Doherty, M. J., Cronin, V. F., Marsden, P. K., Lodge, M. A., McKee, P. H., and Smith, M. A. Prospective evaluation of soft tissue masses and sarcomas using fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Br. J. Surg., 86: 550-556, 1999.
73. Schwarzbach, M. H., Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss, A., Willeke, F., Hinz, U., Strauss, L. G., Zhang, Y. M., Mechtersheimer, G., Attigah, N., Lehnert, T., and Herfarth, C. Clinical value of (18-F) fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging in soft tissue sarcomas. Ann. Surg., 231: 380-386, 2000.
74. Jones, D. N., McCowage, G. B., Sostman, H. T., Brizel, D. M., Layfield, L., Charles, H. C., Dewhirst, M. W., Prescott, D. M., Friedman, H. S., Harrelson, J. M., Scully, S. P., and Coleman, R. E. Monitoring of neoadjuvant therapy response of soft tissue and musculoskeletal sarcoma using fluorine-18 FDG PET. J. Nucl. Med., 37: 1438-1444, 1996.
75. 18F-FDG studies in patients with primary and recurrent soft tissue sarcomas: impact on diagnosis and correlation with grading. J. Nucl. Med., 42: 713-720, 2001.
76. Biondetti, P. R., and Ehman, R. L. Soft tissue sarcoma: use of textural patterns in skeletal muscle as a diagnostic feature in postoperative MR imaging. Radiology, 183: 845-848, 1992.
77. Vanel, D., Shapeero, L. G., de Baere, T., Gilles, R., Tardivon, A., Genin, J., and Guinebretiere, J. M. MR imaging in the follow-up of malignant and aggressive soft tissue tumors: results in 511 examinations. Radiology, 190: 263-268, 1994.
78. Richardson, M. L., Zink-Brody, G. C., Patten, R. M., Koh, W. J., and Conrad, E. U. MR characterization of post-irradiation soft tissue edema. Skeletal Radiol., 25: 537-543, 1996.
79. Panicek, D. M., Schwartz, L. H., Heelan, R. D., and Caravelli, J. F. Non-neoplastic causes of high signal intensity at T2W MR imaging after treatment of musculoskeletal neoplasms. Skeletal Radiol., 24: 185-190, 1995.
80. Lucas, J. D., O'Doherty, M. J., Wong, J. C. H., Bingham, J. B., McKee, P. H., Fletcher, C. B. M., and Smith, M. A. Evaluation of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the management of soft tissue sarcomas. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br., 80: 441-447, 1998.
81. Choi, H., Varma, D. G. K., Fornage, V. D., Kim, E. E., and Johnston, D. A. Soft tissue sarcoma: MR imaging versus sonography for detection of local recurrence after surgery. Am. J. Radiol., 157: 353-358, 1991.
82. Rosenberg, S. A., Tepper, J., Glatstein, E., Costa, J., Baker, A., Brennan, M., DeMoss, E. V., Seipp, C., Sindelar, W. F., Sugarbaker, P., and Wesley, R. The treatment of soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities: prospective randomized evaluations of (1) limb-sparing surgery plus radiation therapy compared with amputation and (2) the role of adjuvant chemotherapy. Ann. Surg., 196: 305-315, 1982.
83. Pisters, P. W., Harrison, L. B., Leung, D. H., Woodruff, J. M., Casper, E. S., and Brennan, M. F. Long-term results of a prospective randomized trial of adjuvant brachytherapy in soft tissue sarcoma. J. Clin. Oncol., 14: 859-868, 1996.
84. Yang, J. C., Chang, A. E., Baker, A. R., Sindelar, W. F., Danforth, D. N., Topalian, S. L., DeLaney, T., Glatstein, E., Steinberg, S. M., Merino, M. J., and Rosenberg, S. A. Randomized prospective study of the benefit of adjuvant radiation therapy in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas of the extremity. J. Clin. Oncol., 16: 197-203, 1998.
85. Baldini, E. H., Goldberg, J., Jenner, C., Manola, J. B., Demetri, G. D., Fletcher, C. D., and Singer, S. Long-term outcomes after function-sparing surgery without radiotherapy for soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities and trunk. J. Clin. Oncol., 17: 3252-3259, 1999.
86. O'Sullivan, B., Davis, A., Turcotte, R., Bell, R., Catton, C., Wunder, J., Kandel, R., Goddard, K., Sadura, A., Pater, J., and Zee, B. Pre-operative versus post-operative radiotherapy in soft issue sarcoma of the limbs: a randomized trial. Lancet, 359: 2235-2241, 2002.
87. O'Sullivan, B., and Davis, A. A Randomized Phase III trial of pre-operative compared to post-operative radiotherapy in extremity soft tissue sarcoma. Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting American Society of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., 51 (Suppl. 1): 151-152, 2001.
88. Holt, G. E., Wunder, J. S., Griffin, A. M., and Bell, R. S. Fractures following radiation therapy and limb salvage surgery for soft tissue sarcomas: high versus low dose radiotherapy. Proc. Musculoskeletal Tumor Soc., 41, 2002.
89. Catton, C. N., O'Sullivan, B., Kotwall, C., Cummings, B., Hao, Y., and Fornasier, V. Outcomes and prognosis in retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., 29: 1005-1010, 1994.
90. Heslin, M. J., Lewis, J. J., Nadler, E., Newman, E., Woodruff, J. M., Casper, E. S. Leung, D., and Brennan, M. F. Prognostic factors associated with long-term survival for retroperitoneal sarcoma: implications for management. J. Clin. Oncol., 15: 2832-2839, 1997.
91. Lewis, J. J., Leung, D., Woodruff, J. M., and Brennan, M. F. Retroperitoneal soft-tissue sarcoma. Analysis of 500 patients treated and followed at a single institution. Ann. Surg., 228: 355-365, 1998.
92. Bevilacqua, R. G., Rogatko, A., Hajdu, S. I., and Brennan, M. F. Prognostic factors in primary retroperitoneal soft-tissue sarcomas. Arch. Surg., 126: 328-334, 1991.
93. Henricks, W. H., Chu, Y. C., Goldblum, J. R., and Weiss, S. W. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma. A clinicopathological analysis of 155 cases with a proposal for an expanded definition of dedifferentiation. Am. J. Surg. Pathol., 21: 271-281, 1997.
94. Stojadinovic, A., Yeh, A., and Brennan, M. F. Completely resected recurrent soft tissue sarcoma: primary anatomic site governs outcomes. J. Am. Coll. Surg., 194: 436-447, 2002.
95. Gieschen, H. L., Spiro, I. J., Suit, H. D., Ott, M. J., Rattner, D. W., Ancukiewicz, M., and Willett, C. G. Long-term results of intraoperative electron beam radiotherapy for primary and recurrent retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., 50: 127-131, 2001.
96. Jones, J. J., Catton, C. N., O'Sullivan, B., Couture, J., Heisler, R. L., Kandel, R. A., and Swallow, C. J. Initial results of a trial of preoperative external beam radiation therapy and postoperative brachytherapy for retroperitoneal sarcoma. Ann. Surg. Oncol., 9: 346-354, 2002.
97. Robertson, J. M., Sondak, V. K., Weiss, S. A., Sussman, J. J., Chang, A. E., and Lawrence, T. S. Preoperative radiation therapy and iododeoxyuridine for large retroperitoneal sarcomas. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., 31: 87-92, 1995.
98. Alektiar, K. M., Hu, K., Anderson, L., Brennan, M. F., and Harrison, L. B. High-dose-rate intraoperative radiation therapy (HDR-IORT) for retroperitoneal sarcomas. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., 47: 157-163, 2000.
99. Petersen, I. A., Haddock, M. G., Donohue, J. H., Nagorney, D. M., Grill, J. P., Sargent, D. J., and Gunderson, L. L. Use of intraoperative electron beam radiotherapy in the management of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., 52: 469-475, 2002.
100. Brennan, M. F. Retroperitoneal sarcoma: time for a national trial? Ann. Surg. Oncol., 9: 324-325, 2002.
101. Nutting, C., Dearnaley, D. P., and Webb, S. Intensity modulated radiation therapy: a clinical review. Br. J. Radiol., 73: 459-469, 2000.
102. Webb, S. Advances in three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy physics with intensity modulation. Lancet Oncol., 1: 30-36, 2000.
103. Leibel, S. A., Fuks, Z., Zelefsky, M. J., Wolden, S. L., Rosenzweig, K. E., Alekfiar, K. M., Hunt, M., Yorke, E. D., Hong, L. X., Amols, H. I., Burman, C. M., Jackson, A., Mageras, G. S., LoSasso, T., Happersett, L., Spirou, S. V., Chui, C. S., and Ling, C. C. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Cancer J., 8: 164-176, 2002.
104. Ling, C. C., Humm, J., Larson, S., Amols, H., Fuks, Z., Leibel, S., and Koutcher, J. A. Towards multidimensional radiotherapy (MD-CRT): biological imaging and biological conformality. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., 47: 551-560, 2000.
105. O'Sullivan, B., Bell, R., and Bramwell, V. Sarcoma of the soft tissues. In: R. L. Souhami, I. Tannock, P. Hohenberger, and J. C. Horiot (eds.), Oxford Textbook of Oncology, 2nd ed., pp 2495-2523. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
106. Bramwell, V. H. C., Anderson, D., and Charette, M. L. Doxorubicin-based chemotherapy for the palliative treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma: a metaanalysis and clinical practice guideline. Sarcoma, 4: 103-112, 2000.
107. Edmonson, J. H., Ryan, L. M., Blum, R. H., Brooks, J. S., Shiraki, M., Frytak, S., and Parkinson, D. R. Randomized comparison of doxorubicin alone versus ifosfamide plus doxorubicin or mitomycin, doxorubicin and cisplatin against advanced soft tissue sarcomas. J. Clin. Oncol., 11: 1269-1275, 1993.
108. Santoro, A., Tursz, T., Mouridsen, H., Verweij, J., Steward, W., Somers, R., Buesa, J., Casali, P., Spooner, D., Rankin, E., et al. Doxorubicin versus CYVADIC versus doxorubicin plus ifosfamide in first-line treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcomas: a randomized study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group. J. Clin. Oncol., 13: 1537-1545, 1995.
109. Antman, K. Crowley, J., Balcerzak, P., Rivkin, S. E., Weiss, G. R., Elias, A., Natale, R. B., Cooper, R. M., Barlogie, B., Trump, D. L., et al. An intergroup Phase III randomized study of doxorubicin and dacarbazine with or without ifosfamide and mesna in advanced soft tissue and bone sarcomas. J. Clin. Oncol., 11: 1276-1285, 1993.
110. Rosen, G., Forscher, C., Lowenbraun, S., Eilber, F., Eckardt, J., Holmes, C., and Fu, Y. S. Synovial sarcoma: uniform response of metastases to high dose ifosfamide. Cancer (Phila.), 73: 2506-2511, 1994.
111. Spillane, A. J., A'Hern, R. Judson, I. R., Fisher, C., and Thomas, J. M. Synovial sarcoma: a clinicopathologic, staging, and prognostic assessment. J. Clin. Oncol., 16: 3794-3803, 2000.
112. Bui, N. B., Demaille, M. C., Chevreau, C., Blay, J. Y., Cupissol, D., Rios, M., Thyss, A., Maugard, C., Bastit, P., Bay, J. O., Tanguy, A., Fargeot, P., Lortholary, A., and Bonichon, F. qMAID vs. MAID + 25% with G-CSF in adults with advanced soft tissue sarcomas (STS). First results of a randomized study of the FNCLCC Sarcoma Group. Prog. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol., 17: 517a, 1998.
113. le Cesne, A., Judson, I., Crowther, D., Rodenhuis, S., Keizer, H. J., Van Hoesel, Q., Blay, J. Y., Frisch, J., Van Glabbeke, M., Hermans, C., Van Oosterom, A., Tursz, T., and Verweij, J. Randomized Phase III study comparing conventional dose doxorubicin plus ifosfamide versus high-dose doxorubicin plus ifosfamide plus recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in advanced soft tissue sarcomas: a trial of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group. J. Clin. Oncol., 18: 2676-2684, 2000.
114. Sarcoma Meta-analysis Collaboration. Adjuvant chemotherapy for localized resectable soft tissue sarcoma of adults: meta-analysis of individual data. Lancet, 350: 1647-1654, 1997.
115. Frustaci, S., Gherlinzoni, F., De Paoli, A., Bonetti, M., Azzarelli, A., Comandone, A., Olmi, P., Buonadonna, A., Pignatti, G., Barbieri, E., Apice, G., Zmerly, H., Serraino, D., and Picci, P. Adjuvant chemotherapy for adult soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities and girdles: results of the Italian randomized cooperative trial. J. Clin. Oncol., 19: 1238-1247, 2001.
116. Bramwell, V. H. C. Editorial: Adjuvant chemotherapy for adult soft tissue sarcoma: is there a standard of care? J. Clin. Oncol., 19: 1235-1237, 2001.
117. Buchdunger, E., Cioffi, C., Law, N., Stover, D., Ohno-Jones, S., Druker, B. J., and Lydon, N. B. Abl protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 inhibits in vitro signal transduction mediated by c-kit and platelet-derived growth factor receptors. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 295: 139-145, 2000.
118. Druker, B. J., Tamura, S., Buchdunger, E., Ohno, S., Segal, G. M., Fanning, S., Zimmermann, J., and Lydon, N. B. Effects of a selective inhibitor of the Abl tyrosine kinase on the growth of Bcr-Abl positive cells. Nat. Med., 2: 561-566, 1996.
119. Heinrich, M. C., Griffith, D., J., Druker, B. J., Wait, C. L., Ott, K. A., and Zigler, A. J. Inhibition of c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase activity by SI 571, a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Blood, 96: 925-932, 1996.
120. Druker, B., Talpaz, M., Resta, D. J., Peng, B., Buchdunger, E., Ford, J. M., Lydon, N. B., Kantarjian, H., Capdeville, R., Ohno-Jones, S., and Sawyers, C. L. Efficacy and safety of a specific inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in chronic myeloid leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med., 344: 1031-1037, 2001.
121. Joensuu, H., Roberts, P. L., Sarlomo-Rikala, M., Andersson, L. C., Tervahartiala, P., Tuveson, D., Silberman, S., Capdeville, R., Dimitrijevic, S., Druker, B., and Demetri, G. D. Effect of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor ST1571 in a patient with a metastatic gastrointesintal stromal tumor. N. Engl. J. Med., 344: 1052-1056, 2001.
122. van Oosterom, A. T., Judson, I., Verwiej, J., Stroobants, S., Donato di Paola, E., Dimitrijevic, S., Martens, M., Webb, A., Sciot, R., Van Glabbeke, M., Silberman, S., and Nielsen, O. S. Safety and efficacy of imatinib (STI571) in metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumours: a Phase I study. Lancet, 358: 1421-1423, 2001.
123. Demetri, G. D., von Mehren, M., Blanke, C. D., Van den Abbeele, A. D., Eisenberg, B., Roberts, P. J., Heinrich, M. C., Tuveson, D. A., Singer, S., Janicek, M., Fletcher, J. A., Silverman, S. G., Silberman, S. L., Capdeville, R., Kiese, B., Peng, B., Dimitrijevic, S., Druker, B. J., Corless, C., Fletcher, C. D., and Joensuu, H. Efficacy and safety of imatinib mesylate in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. N. Engl. J. Med., 347: 472-480, 2002.
124. Judson, I. R., Verweij, J., van Oosterom, A., Blay, J-Y., Rodenhuis, S., van der Graaf, W., Radford, J. A., le Cesne, A., Hogendoorn, P., Donato di Paola, E., Brown, M., Dimitrijevic, S., and Nelsen, O. S. Imatinib (Gleevec) an active agent for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), but not for other soft tissue sarcoma (STS) subtypes not characterized for KIT and PDGF-R expression, results of EORTC Phase II studies. Prog. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol., 21: 403a, 2002.
125. Demetri, G. D., Rankin, C., Fletcher, C., Benjamin, R. S., Blanke, C., von Mehren, M., Bramwell, V., Maki, R. G., Blum, R., Antman, K., Baker, L., and Borden, E. Phase III dose-randomized study of imatinib mesylate (Gleevec, STI571) for GIST: intergroup S0033 early results. Prog. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol., 21: 413a, 2002.
126. Casali, P. G., Verweij, J., Zalcberg, J., le Cesne, A., Rechardt, P., Ray-Coquuard, I., Ewendtner, C., Judson, I., Donato Di Paola, E., Van Glabbeke, M., Bertulli, R., Dhillon, H., and Nieldsen, O. S. Imatinib (Glivec) 400 vs. 800 mg daily in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST): a randomized Phase III trial from the EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group, the Italian Sarcoma Group (ISG), and the Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group (AGITG). A toxicity report. Prog. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol., 21: 413a, 2002.
127. Heinrich, M., Corless, C. L., Blanke, C., Demetri, G. D., Joensuu, H., van Mehren, M., McGreevey, L. S., Wait, C. L., Griffith, D., Chen, C-J., Haley, A., Kiese, B., Druker, B., Roberts, P., Eisenberg, B., Singer, S., Silberman, S., Dimitrijevic, S., Fletcher, C. D. M., and Fletcher, J. A. KIT mutational status predicts clinical response to STI571 in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Prog. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol., 21: 2a, 2002.
128. DeClue, J. E., Heffelfinger, S., Benvenuto, G., Ling, B., Li, S., Rui, W., Vass, W. C., Viskochil, D., and Ratner, N. Epidermal growth factor receptor expression in neurofibromatosis type 1-related tumors and NFI animal models. J. Clin. Investig., 105: 1233-1241, 2000.
129. Manning, C. B., Cummins, A. B., Jung, M. W., Berlanger, I., Timblin, C. R., Palmer, C., Taatjes, D. J., Henmenway, D., Vacek, P., and Mossman, B. T. A mutant epidermal growth factor receptor targeted to lung epithelium inhibits asbestos-induced proliferation and protooncogene expression. Cancer Res., 62: 4169-4175, 2002.