메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 118, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 4-16

PCOS: An ovarian disorder that leads to dysregulation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis?

Author keywords

Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis; Ovarian disorder; Polycystic ovary syndrome

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTEROID; FOLLITROPIN; INHIBIN; INSULIN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; SEX HORMONE; SOMATOMEDIN C;

EID: 10644293299     PISSN: 03012115     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2004.06.024     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (48)

References (134)
  • 1
    • 0036034768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult polycystic ovary syndrome begins in childhood
    • S. Franks Adult polycystic ovary syndrome begins in childhood Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 16 2 2002 263 272
    • (2002) Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 263-272
    • Franks, S.1
  • 2
    • 0036129902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycystic ovary syndrome: Not ovarian, not simple, unkind
    • R. Fox, and A. Ryan Polycystic ovary syndrome: not ovarian, not simple, unkind Hum Fertil (Camb) 5 1 2002 S28 S32
    • (2002) Hum Fertil (Camb) , vol.5 , Issue.1
    • Fox, R.1    Ryan, A.2
  • 3
    • 0024601307 scopus 로고
    • The polycystic ovary syndrome: Pathogenesis and treatment
    • R. Barnes, and R.L. Rosenfield The polycystic ovary syndrome: pathogenesis and treatment Ann Intern Med 110 5 1989 386 399
    • (1989) Ann Intern Med , vol.110 , Issue.5 , pp. 386-399
    • Barnes, R.1    Rosenfield, R.L.2
  • 4
    • 0024602863 scopus 로고
    • Pituitary-ovarian responses to nafarelin testing in the polycystic ovary syndrome
    • R.B. Barnes, R.L. Rosenfield, S. Burstein, and D.A. Ehrmann Pituitary-ovarian responses to nafarelin testing in the polycystic ovary syndrome N Engl J Med. 320 9 1989 559 565
    • (1989) N Engl J Med. , vol.320 , Issue.9 , pp. 559-565
    • Barnes, R.B.1    Rosenfield, R.L.2    Burstein, S.3    Ehrmann, D.A.4
  • 5
    • 0030764492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current concepts of polycystic ovary syndrome
    • R.L. Rosenfield Current concepts of polycystic ovary syndrome Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 11 2 1997 307 333
    • (1997) Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 307-333
    • Rosenfield, R.L.1
  • 6
    • 0026664328 scopus 로고
    • Detection of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism in women with androgen excess
    • D.A. Ehrmann, R.L. Rosenfield, R.B. Barnes, D.F. Brigell, and Z. Sheikh Detection of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism in women with androgen excess N Engl J Med 327 3 1992 157 162
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , Issue.3 , pp. 157-162
    • Ehrmann, D.A.1    Rosenfield, R.L.2    Barnes, R.B.3    Brigell, D.F.4    Sheikh, Z.5
  • 7
    • 0032963735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do hyperandrogenic women with normal menses have polycystic ovary syndrome?
    • E. Carmina, and R.A. Lobo Do hyperandrogenic women with normal menses have polycystic ovary syndrome? Fertil Steril 71 2 1999 319 322
    • (1999) Fertil Steril , vol.71 , Issue.2 , pp. 319-322
    • Carmina, E.1    Lobo, R.A.2
  • 8
    • 0030974763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocrine abnormalities in ovulatory women with polycystic ovaries on ultrasound
    • E. Carmina, L. Wong, and L. Chang Endocrine abnormalities in ovulatory women with polycystic ovaries on ultrasound Hum Reprod 12 5 1997 905 909
    • (1997) Hum Reprod , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 905-909
    • Carmina, E.1    Wong, L.2    Chang, L.3
  • 9
    • 0034452954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal ovulatory women with polycystic ovaries have hyperandrogenic pituitary-ovarian responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone-agonist testing
    • P.L. Chang, S.R. Lindheim, and C. Lowre Normal ovulatory women with polycystic ovaries have hyperandrogenic pituitary-ovarian responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone-agonist testing J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85 3 2000 995 1000
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , Issue.3 , pp. 995-1000
    • Chang, P.L.1    Lindheim, S.R.2    Lowre, C.3
  • 10
    • 0032428506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a genetic basis for hyperandrogenemia in polycystic ovary syndrome
    • R.S. Legro, D. Driscoll, J.F. Strauss 3rd, J. Fox, and A. Dunaif Evidence for a genetic basis for hyperandrogenemia in polycystic ovary syndrome Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95 25 1998 14956 14960
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.95 , Issue.25 , pp. 14956-14960
    • Legro, R.S.1    Driscoll, D.2    Strauss III, J.F.3    Fox, J.4    Dunaif, A.5
  • 11
    • 0346725827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome Fertil Steril 81 1 2004 19 25
    • (2004) Fertil Steril , vol.81 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-25
  • 12
    • 0017076755 scopus 로고
    • Idiopathic hirsutism - An ovarian abnormality
    • M.A. Kirschner, I.R. Zucker, and D. Jespersen Idiopathic hirsutism - an ovarian abnormality N Engl J Med 294 12 1976 637 640
    • (1976) N Engl J Med , vol.294 , Issue.12 , pp. 637-640
    • Kirschner, M.A.1    Zucker, I.R.2    Jespersen, D.3
  • 13
    • 0035678927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal disruption in polycystic ovarian syndrome
    • M. Barontini, M.C. Garcia-Rudaz, and J.D. Veldhuis Mechanisms of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal disruption in polycystic ovarian syndrome Arch Med Res 32 6 2001 544 552
    • (2001) Arch Med Res , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. 544-552
    • Barontini, M.1    Garcia-Rudaz, M.C.2    Veldhuis, J.D.3
  • 14
    • 0026624804 scopus 로고
    • 17beta-Oestradiol, androstenedione and inhibin levels in fluid from individual follicles of normal and polycystic ovaries, and in ovaries from androgen treated female to male transsexuals
    • T.D. Pache, W.C. Hop, and F.H. de Jong 17beta-Oestradiol, androstenedione and inhibin levels in fluid from individual follicles of normal and polycystic ovaries, and in ovaries from androgen treated female to male transsexuals Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 36 6 1992 565 571
    • (1992) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.36 , Issue.6 , pp. 565-571
    • Pache, T.D.1    Hop, W.C.2    De Jong, F.H.3
  • 15
    • 0031745960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibin a and inhibin B in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome during treatment with FSH to induce mono-ovulation
    • R.A. Anderson, N.P. Groome, and D.T. Baird Inhibin A and inhibin B in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome during treatment with FSH to induce mono-ovulation Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 48 5 1998 577 584
    • (1998) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.48 , Issue.5 , pp. 577-584
    • Anderson, R.A.1    Groome, N.P.2    Baird, D.T.3
  • 16
    • 0017757772 scopus 로고
    • Pituitary-ovarian relationships in polycystic ovary syndrome
    • D.T. Baird, C.S. Corker, and D.W. Davidson Pituitary-ovarian relationships in polycystic ovary syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 45 4 1977 798 801
    • (1977) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.45 , Issue.4 , pp. 798-801
    • Baird, D.T.1    Corker, C.S.2    Davidson, D.W.3
  • 17
    • 0021191992 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of polycystic ovary disease with chronic low-dose follicle stimulating hormone: Biochemical changes and ultrasound correlation
    • M.M. Seibel, M.M. Kamrava, C. McArdle, and M.L. Taymor Treatment of polycystic ovary disease with chronic low-dose follicle stimulating hormone: biochemical changes and ultrasound correlation Int J Fertil 29 1 1984 39 43
    • (1984) Int J Fertil , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-43
    • Seibel, M.M.1    Kamrava, M.M.2    McArdle, C.3    Taymor, M.L.4
  • 18
    • 0025855947 scopus 로고
    • Polycystic ovarian syndrome: Safety and effectiveness of stepwise and low-dose administration of purified follicle-stimulating hormone
    • Z. Shoham, A. Patel, and H.S. Jacobs Polycystic ovarian syndrome: safety and effectiveness of stepwise and low-dose administration of purified follicle-stimulating hormone Fertil Steril 55 6 1991 1051 1056
    • (1991) Fertil Steril , vol.55 , Issue.6 , pp. 1051-1056
    • Shoham, Z.1    Patel, A.2    Jacobs, H.S.3
  • 19
    • 0025996189 scopus 로고
    • Low-dose gonadotrophin therapy for induction of ovulation in 100 women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • D. Hamilton-Fairley, D. Kiddy, H. Watson, M. Sagle, and S. Franks Low-dose gonadotrophin therapy for induction of ovulation in 100 women with polycystic ovary syndrome Hum Reprod 6 8 1991 1095 1099
    • (1991) Hum Reprod , vol.6 , Issue.8 , pp. 1095-1099
    • Hamilton-Fairley, D.1    Kiddy, D.2    Watson, H.3    Sagle, M.4    Franks, S.5
  • 20
    • 0029899167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased inhibin B secretion is associated with the monotropic FSH rise in older, ovulatory women: A study of serum and follicular fluid levels of dimeric inhibin a and B in spontaneous menstrual cycles
    • N.A. Klein, P.J. Illingworth, and N.P. Groome Decreased inhibin B secretion is associated with the monotropic FSH rise in older, ovulatory women: a study of serum and follicular fluid levels of dimeric inhibin A and B in spontaneous menstrual cycles J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81 7 1996 2742 2745
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , Issue.7 , pp. 2742-2745
    • Klein, N.A.1    Illingworth, P.J.2    Groome, N.P.3
  • 21
    • 0032900827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female reproductive aging is marked by decreased secretion of dimeric inhibin
    • C.K. Welt, D.J. McNicholl, A.E. Taylor, and J.E. Hall Female reproductive aging is marked by decreased secretion of dimeric inhibin J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84 1 1999 105 111
    • (1999) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.84 , Issue.1 , pp. 105-111
    • Welt, C.K.1    McNicholl, D.J.2    Taylor, A.E.3    Hall, J.E.4
  • 22
    • 0032125155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimeric inhibin: A direct marker of ovarian aging
    • D.R. Danforth, L.K. Arbogast, and J. Mroueh Dimeric inhibin: a direct marker of ovarian aging Fertil Steril 70 1 1998 119 123
    • (1998) Fertil Steril , vol.70 , Issue.1 , pp. 119-123
    • Danforth, D.R.1    Arbogast, L.K.2    Mroueh, J.3
  • 24
    • 0023905126 scopus 로고
    • Serum inhibin levels in polycystic ovary syndrome: Basal levels and response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist and exogenous gonadotropin administration
    • H.M. Buckler, R.I. McLachlan, V.B. MacLachlan, D.L. Healy, and H.G. Burger Serum inhibin levels in polycystic ovary syndrome: basal levels and response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist and exogenous gonadotropin administration J Clin Endocrinol Metab 66 4 1988 798 803
    • (1988) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.66 , Issue.4 , pp. 798-803
    • Buckler, H.M.1    McLachlan, R.I.2    MacLachlan, V.B.3    Healy, D.L.4    Burger, H.G.5
  • 25
    • 0030056296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological and immunological characterization of inhibin forms in human plasma
    • D. Robertson, H.G. Burger, and J. Sullivan Biological and immunological characterization of inhibin forms in human plasma J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81 2 1996 669 676
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , Issue.2 , pp. 669-676
    • Robertson, D.1    Burger, H.G.2    Sullivan, J.3
  • 27
    • 0035070193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating follistatin concentrations are higher and activin concentrations are lower in polycystic ovarian syndrome
    • R.J. Norman, C.R. Milner, N.P. Groome, and D.M. Robertson Circulating follistatin concentrations are higher and activin concentrations are lower in polycystic ovarian syndrome Hum Reprod 16 4 2001 668 672
    • (2001) Hum Reprod , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 668-672
    • Norman, R.J.1    Milner, C.R.2    Groome, N.P.3    Robertson, D.M.4
  • 28
    • 0034000594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum levels of inhibins are differentially altered in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: Effects of being overweight and relevance to hyperandrogenism
    • P. Pigny, C. Cortet-Rudelli, and C. Decanter Serum levels of inhibins are differentially altered in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: effects of being overweight and relevance to hyperandrogenism Fertil Steril 73 5 2000 972 977
    • (2000) Fertil Steril , vol.73 , Issue.5 , pp. 972-977
    • Pigny, P.1    Cortet-Rudelli, C.2    Decanter, C.3
  • 29
    • 0034947189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absent biologically relevant associations between serum inhibin B concentrations and characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome in normogonadotrophic anovulatory infertility
    • J.S. Laven, B. Imani, M.J. Eijkemans, F.H. de Jong, and B.C. Fauser Absent biologically relevant associations between serum inhibin B concentrations and characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome in normogonadotrophic anovulatory infertility Hum Reprod 16 7 2001 1359 1364
    • (2001) Hum Reprod , vol.16 , Issue.7 , pp. 1359-1364
    • Laven, J.S.1    Imani, B.2    Eijkemans, M.J.3    De Jong, F.H.4    Fauser, B.C.5
  • 30
    • 0036149768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and serum luteinizing hormone level have an independent and opposite effect on the serum inhibin B level in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • C. Cortet-Rudelli, P. Pigny, and C. Decanter Obesity and serum luteinizing hormone level have an independent and opposite effect on the serum inhibin B level in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome Fertil Steril 77 2 2002 281 287
    • (2002) Fertil Steril , vol.77 , Issue.2 , pp. 281-287
    • Cortet-Rudelli, C.1    Pigny, P.2    Decanter, C.3
  • 31
    • 0035030702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rise of estradiol and inhibin B after acute stimulation with follicle-stimulating hormone predict the follicle cohort size in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, regularly menstruating women with polycystic ovaries, and regularly menstruating women with normal ovaries
    • M.W. Elting, J. Kwee, R. Schats, L.T. Rekers-Mombarg, and J. Schoemaker The rise of estradiol and inhibin B after acute stimulation with follicle-stimulating hormone predict the follicle cohort size in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, regularly menstruating women with polycystic ovaries, and regularly menstruating women with normal ovaries J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86 4 2001 1589 1595
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , Issue.4 , pp. 1589-1595
    • Elting, M.W.1    Kwee, J.2    Schats, R.3    Rekers-Mombarg, L.T.4    Schoemaker, J.5
  • 32
    • 0026022223 scopus 로고
    • Inverse effects of activin and inhibin on the synthesis and secretion of FSH and LH by ovine pituitary cells in vitro
    • S. Muttukrishna, and P.G. Knight Inverse effects of activin and inhibin on the synthesis and secretion of FSH and LH by ovine pituitary cells in vitro J Mol Endocrinol 6 2 1991 171 178
    • (1991) J Mol Endocrinol , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 171-178
    • Muttukrishna, S.1    Knight, P.G.2
  • 33
    • 0026498153 scopus 로고
    • Differential regulation in the release of bioactive versus immunoactive gonadotropins from cultured rat pituitary cells by inhibin and androgens
    • K.D. Dahl, C.A. Campen, D.M. McGuinness, and W. Vale Differential regulation in the release of bioactive versus immunoactive gonadotropins from cultured rat pituitary cells by inhibin and androgens J Androl 13 6 1992 526 533
    • (1992) J Androl , vol.13 , Issue.6 , pp. 526-533
    • Dahl, K.D.1    Campen, C.A.2    McGuinness, D.M.3    Vale, W.4
  • 35
    • 0028298216 scopus 로고
    • A syndrome of female pseudohermaphrodism, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, and multicystic ovaries associated with missense mutations in the gene encoding aromatase (P450arom)
    • F.A. Conte, M.M. Grumbach, Y. Ito, C.R. Fisher, and E.R. Simpson A syndrome of female pseudohermaphrodism, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, and multicystic ovaries associated with missense mutations in the gene encoding aromatase (P450arom) J Clin Endocrinol Metab 78 6 1994 1287 1292
    • (1994) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.78 , Issue.6 , pp. 1287-1292
    • Conte, F.A.1    Grumbach, M.M.2    Ito, Y.3    Fisher, C.R.4    Simpson, E.R.5
  • 36
    • 0036008184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined 17alpha-Hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency caused by Phe93Cys mutation in the CYP17 gene
    • A. Di Cerbo, A. Biason-Lauber, and M. Savino Combined 17alpha-Hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency caused by Phe93Cys mutation in the CYP17 gene J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87 2 2002 898 905
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , Issue.2 , pp. 898-905
    • Di Cerbo, A.1    Biason-Lauber, A.2    Savino, M.3
  • 37
    • 0029826430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome with low oestradiol in non-classical 17-alpha-hydroxylase, 17,20-lyase deficiency: What is the role of oestrogens?
    • D. Meirow, J.G. Schenker, and A. Rosler Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome with low oestradiol in non-classical 17-alpha-hydroxylase, 17,20-lyase deficiency: what is the role of oestrogens? Hum Reprod 11 10 1996 2119 2121
    • (1996) Hum Reprod , vol.11 , Issue.10 , pp. 2119-2121
    • Meirow, D.1    Schenker, J.G.2    Rosler, A.3
  • 38
    • 0036330097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized double-blind comparison of the effects of clomiphene citrate and the aromatase inhibitor letrozole on ovulatory function in normal women
    • S.A. Fisher, R.L. Reid, D.A. Van Vugt, and R.F. Casper A randomized double-blind comparison of the effects of clomiphene citrate and the aromatase inhibitor letrozole on ovulatory function in normal women Fertil Steril 78 2 2002 280 285
    • (2002) Fertil Steril , vol.78 , Issue.2 , pp. 280-285
    • Fisher, S.A.1    Reid, R.L.2    Van Vugt, D.A.3    Casper, R.F.4
  • 39
    • 0036259194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aromatase inhibition for ovarian stimulation: Future avenues for infertility management
    • M.F. Mitwally, and R.F. Casper Aromatase inhibition for ovarian stimulation: future avenues for infertility management Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 14 3 2002 255 263
    • (2002) Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 255-263
    • Mitwally, M.F.1    Casper, R.F.2
  • 40
    • 0035144143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate
    • M.F. Mitwally, and R.F. Casper Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate Fertil Steril 75 2 2001 305 309
    • (2001) Fertil Steril , vol.75 , Issue.2 , pp. 305-309
    • Mitwally, M.F.1    Casper, R.F.2
  • 41
    • 0035685254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved responsiveness of PCOS patients to clomiphene after CYP17a inhibitor
    • H. Ali Hassan, D. El-Gezeiry, T.M. Nafaa, and I. Baghdady Improved responsiveness of PCOS patients to clomiphene after CYP17a inhibitor J Assist Reprod Genet 18 11 2001 608 611
    • (2001) J Assist Reprod Genet , vol.18 , Issue.11 , pp. 608-611
    • Ali Hassan, H.1    El-Gezeiry, D.2    Nafaa, T.M.3    Baghdady, I.4
  • 42
    • 0028029753 scopus 로고
    • Hypersecretion of androstenedione by isolated thecal cells from polycystic ovaries
    • C. Gilling-Smith, D.S. Willis, R.W. Beard, and S. Franks Hypersecretion of androstenedione by isolated thecal cells from polycystic ovaries J Clin Endocrinol Metab 79 4 1994 1158 1165
    • (1994) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.79 , Issue.4 , pp. 1158-1165
    • Gilling-Smith, C.1    Willis, D.S.2    Beard, R.W.3    Franks, S.4
  • 43
    • 0029798428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ovarian 17-hydroxyprogesterone hyperresponsiveness to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist challenge in women with polycystic ovary syndrome is not mediated by luteinizing hormone hypersecretion: Evidence from GnRH agonist and human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation testing
    • L. Ibanez, J.E. Hall, and N. Potau Ovarian 17-hydroxyprogesterone hyperresponsiveness to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist challenge in women with polycystic ovary syndrome is not mediated by luteinizing hormone hypersecretion: evidence from GnRH agonist and human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation testing J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81 11 1996 4103 4107
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , Issue.11 , pp. 4103-4107
    • Ibanez, L.1    Hall, J.E.2    Potau, N.3
  • 44
    • 0030770459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot study of the human chorionic gonadotrophin test for ovarian hyperandrogenism
    • S.G. Levrant, R.B. Barnes, and R.L. Rosenfield A pilot study of the human chorionic gonadotrophin test for ovarian hyperandrogenism Hum Reprod 12 7 1997 1416 1420
    • (1997) Hum Reprod , vol.12 , Issue.7 , pp. 1416-1420
    • Levrant, S.G.1    Barnes, R.B.2    Rosenfield, R.L.3
  • 45
    • 0030832255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a primary abnormality of thecal cell steroidogenesis in the polycystic ovary syndrome
    • C. Gilling-Smith, H. Story, V. Rogers, and S. Franks Evidence for a primary abnormality of thecal cell steroidogenesis in the polycystic ovary syndrome Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 47 1 1997 93 99
    • (1997) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.47 , Issue.1 , pp. 93-99
    • Gilling-Smith, C.1    Story, H.2    Rogers, V.3    Franks, S.4
  • 46
    • 2442708129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exaggerated 17-hydroxyprogesterone response to intravenous infusions of recombinant human LH in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • C.R. McCartney, A.B. Bellows, and M.B. Gingrich Exaggerated 17-hydroxyprogesterone response to intravenous infusions of recombinant human LH in women with polycystic ovary syndrome Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 286 6 2004 E902 E908 Epub 2004, Jan 21
    • (2004) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.286 , Issue.6
    • McCartney, C.R.1    Bellows, A.B.2    Gingrich, M.B.3
  • 47
    • 85047696604 scopus 로고
    • Polycystic ovary syndrome as a form of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism due to dysregulation of androgen secretion
    • D.A. Ehrmann, R.B. Barnes, and R.L. Rosenfield Polycystic ovary syndrome as a form of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism due to dysregulation of androgen secretion Endocr Rev 16 3 1995 322 353
    • (1995) Endocr Rev , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 322-353
    • Ehrmann, D.A.1    Barnes, R.B.2    Rosenfield, R.L.3
  • 48
    • 0028792229 scopus 로고
    • Aromatase deficiency in male and female siblings caused by a novel mutation and the physiological role of estrogens
    • A. Morishima, M.M. Grumbach, E.R. Simpson, C. Fisher, and K. Qin Aromatase deficiency in male and female siblings caused by a novel mutation and the physiological role of estrogens J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80 12 1995 3689 3698
    • (1995) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.80 , Issue.12 , pp. 3689-3698
    • Morishima, A.1    Grumbach, M.M.2    Simpson, E.R.3    Fisher, C.4    Qin, K.5
  • 49
    • 0030744037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed puberty and hypogonadism caused by mutations in the follicle-stimulating hormone beta-subunit gene
    • L.C. Layman, E.J. Lee, and D.B. Peak Delayed puberty and hypogonadism caused by mutations in the follicle-stimulating hormone beta-subunit gene N Engl J Med 337 9 1997 607 611
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.337 , Issue.9 , pp. 607-611
    • Layman, L.C.1    Lee, E.J.2    Peak, D.B.3
  • 50
    • 0015527791 scopus 로고
    • Isolated deficiency of follicle-stimulating hormone. Clinical and laboratory features
    • D. Rabin, I. Spitz, and B. Bercovici Isolated deficiency of follicle-stimulating hormone. Clinical and laboratory features N Engl J Med 287 26 1972 1313 1317
    • (1972) N Engl J Med , vol.287 , Issue.26 , pp. 1313-1317
    • Rabin, D.1    Spitz, I.2    Bercovici, B.3
  • 51
    • 0027324274 scopus 로고
    • Primary amenorrhoea and infertility due to a mutation in the beta-subunit of follicle-stimulating hormone
    • C.H. Matthews, S. Borgato, and P. Beck-Peccoz Primary amenorrhoea and infertility due to a mutation in the beta-subunit of follicle-stimulating hormone Nat Genet 5 1 1993 83 86
    • (1993) Nat Genet , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 83-86
    • Matthews, C.H.1    Borgato, S.2    Beck-Peccoz, P.3
  • 52
    • 0036165848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of LH and FSH in ovarian androgen secretion and ovarian follicular development: Clinical studies in a patient with isolated FSH deficiency and multicystic ovaries
    • R.B. Barnes, A.B. Namnoum, R.L. Rosenfield, and L.C. Layman The role of LH and FSH in ovarian androgen secretion and ovarian follicular development: clinical studies in a patient with isolated FSH deficiency and multicystic ovaries Hum Reprod 17 1 2002 88 91
    • (2002) Hum Reprod , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 88-91
    • Barnes, R.B.1    Namnoum, A.B.2    Rosenfield, R.L.3    Layman, L.C.4
  • 53
    • 0038021559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for abnormal granulosa cell responsiveness to follicle-stimulating hormone in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • M.S. Coffler, K. Patel, and M.H. Dahan Evidence for abnormal granulosa cell responsiveness to follicle-stimulating hormone in women with polycystic ovary syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88 4 2003 1742 1747
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , Issue.4 , pp. 1742-1747
    • Coffler, M.S.1    Patel, K.2    Dahan, M.H.3
  • 55
    • 0027930031 scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse frequency regulates expression of pituitary follistatin messenger ribonucleic acid: A mechanism for differential gonadotrope function
    • S.E. Kirk, A.C. Dalkin, M. Yasin, D.J. Haisenleder, and J.C. Marshall Gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse frequency regulates expression of pituitary follistatin messenger ribonucleic acid: a mechanism for differential gonadotrope function Endocrinology 135 3 1994 876 880
    • (1994) Endocrinology , vol.135 , Issue.3 , pp. 876-880
    • Kirk, S.E.1    Dalkin, A.C.2    Yasin, M.3    Haisenleder, D.J.4    Marshall, J.C.5
  • 57
    • 0035652394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Follistatin and activin a serum concentrations in obese and non-obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • T. Eldar-Geva, I.M. Spitz, N.P. Groome, E.J. Margalioth, and R. Homburg Follistatin and activin A serum concentrations in obese and non-obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome Hum Reprod 16 12 2001 2552 2556
    • (2001) Hum Reprod , vol.16 , Issue.12 , pp. 2552-2556
    • Eldar-Geva, T.1    Spitz, I.M.2    Groome, N.P.3    Margalioth, E.J.4    Homburg, R.5
  • 58
    • 0031728153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist as a physiologic probe in polycystic ovary syndrome: Assessment of neuroendocrine and androgen dynamics
    • F.J. Hayes, A.E. Taylor, K.A. Martin, and J.E. Hall Use of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist as a physiologic probe in polycystic ovary syndrome: assessment of neuroendocrine and androgen dynamics J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83 7 1998 2343 2349
    • (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.83 , Issue.7 , pp. 2343-2349
    • Hayes, F.J.1    Taylor, A.E.2    Martin, K.A.3    Hall, J.E.4
  • 59
    • 0031765313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycystic ovary syndrome: Evidence for reduced sensitivity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator to inhibition by estradiol and progesterone
    • C.L. Pastor, M.L. Griffin-Korf, J.A. Aloi, W.S. Evans, and J.C. Marshall Polycystic ovary syndrome: evidence for reduced sensitivity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator to inhibition by estradiol and progesterone J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83 2 1998 582 590
    • (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.83 , Issue.2 , pp. 582-590
    • Pastor, C.L.1    Griffin-Korf, M.L.2    Aloi, J.A.3    Evans, W.S.4    Marshall, J.C.5
  • 60
    • 0034523425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycystic ovarian syndrome: Evidence that flutamide restores sensitivity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator to inhibition by estradiol and progesterone
    • C.A. Eagleson, M.B. Gingrich, and C.L. Pastor Polycystic ovarian syndrome: evidence that flutamide restores sensitivity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator to inhibition by estradiol and progesterone J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85 11 2000 4047 4052
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , Issue.11 , pp. 4047-4052
    • Eagleson, C.A.1    Gingrich, M.B.2    Pastor, C.L.3
  • 61
    • 0842265978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of GnRH-stimulated LH release to episodic LH secretion and baseline endocrine-metabolic measures in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • K. Patel, M.S. Coffler, and M.H. Dahan Relationship of GnRH-stimulated LH release to episodic LH secretion and baseline endocrine-metabolic measures in women with polycystic ovary syndrome Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 60 1 2004 67 74
    • (2004) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.60 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-74
    • Patel, K.1    Coffler, M.S.2    Dahan, M.H.3
  • 62
    • 0035668336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuroendocrine regulation of the human ovarian cycle
    • N.C. Buffet, and P. Bouchard The neuroendocrine regulation of the human ovarian cycle Chronobiol Int 18 6 2001 893 919
    • (2001) Chronobiol Int , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 893-919
    • Buffet, N.C.1    Bouchard, P.2
  • 63
    • 15144350611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A two-site chemiluminescent assay for activin-free follistatin reveals that most follistatin circulating in men and normal cycling women is in an activin-bound state
    • D.S. McConnell, Q. Wang, and P.M. Sluss A two-site chemiluminescent assay for activin-free follistatin reveals that most follistatin circulating in men and normal cycling women is in an activin-bound state J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83 3 1998 851 858
    • (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.83 , Issue.3 , pp. 851-858
    • McConnell, D.S.1    Wang, Q.2    Sluss, P.M.3
  • 64
    • 0034746986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receiver operating characteristic analysis of the performance of basal serum hormone profiles for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in epidemiological studies
    • H.F. Escobar-Morreale, M. Asuncion, R.M. Calvo, J. Sancho, and J.L. San Millan Receiver operating characteristic analysis of the performance of basal serum hormone profiles for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in epidemiological studies Eur J Endocrinol 145 5 2001 619 624
    • (2001) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.145 , Issue.5 , pp. 619-624
    • Escobar-Morreale, H.F.1    Asuncion, M.2    Calvo, R.M.3    Sancho, J.4    San Millan, J.L.5
  • 65
    • 1542712364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Six-month treatment with low-dose dexamethasone further reduces androgen levels in PCOS women treated with diet and lifestyle advice, and metformin
    • E. Vanky, K.A. Salvesen, and S.M. Carlsen Six-month treatment with low-dose dexamethasone further reduces androgen levels in PCOS women treated with diet and lifestyle advice, and metformin Hum Reprod 19 3 2004 529 533
    • (2004) Hum Reprod , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 529-533
    • Vanky, E.1    Salvesen, K.A.2    Carlsen, S.M.3
  • 66
    • 0034750212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The postmenopausal ovary is not a major androgen-producing gland
    • B. Couzinet, G. Meduri, and M.G. Lecce The postmenopausal ovary is not a major androgen-producing gland J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86 10 2001 5060 5066
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , Issue.10 , pp. 5060-5066
    • Couzinet, B.1    Meduri, G.2    Lecce, M.G.3
  • 67
    • 0034049759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) replacement therapy in women with Addison's disease
    • G. Gebre-Medhin, E.S. Husebye, and H. Mallmin Oral dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) replacement therapy in women with Addison's disease Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 52 6 2000 775 780
    • (2000) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.52 , Issue.6 , pp. 775-780
    • Gebre-Medhin, G.1    Husebye, E.S.2    Mallmin, H.3
  • 68
    • 0036125976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ovarian and adrenal steroid production: Regulatory role of LH/HCG
    • T. Piltonen, R. Koivunen, and L. Morin-Papunen Ovarian and adrenal steroid production: regulatory role of LH/HCG Hum Reprod 17 3 2002 620 624
    • (2002) Hum Reprod , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 620-624
    • Piltonen, T.1    Koivunen, R.2    Morin-Papunen, L.3
  • 69
    • 0027440357 scopus 로고
    • Determination of the steroidogenic capacity in premature ovarian failure
    • J.A. Bermudez, C. Moran, and J. Herrera Determination of the steroidogenic capacity in premature ovarian failure Fertil Steril 60 4 1993 668 671
    • (1993) Fertil Steril , vol.60 , Issue.4 , pp. 668-671
    • Bermudez, J.A.1    Moran, C.2    Herrera, J.3
  • 70
    • 0036103045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progesterone serum levels during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle originate from the crosstalk between the ovaries and the adrenal cortex
    • C. De Geyter, M. De Geyter, P.R. Huber, E. Nieschlag, and W. Holzgreve Progesterone serum levels during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle originate from the crosstalk between the ovaries and the adrenal cortex Hum Reprod 17 4 2002 933 939
    • (2002) Hum Reprod , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 933-939
    • De Geyter, C.1    De Geyter, M.2    Huber, P.R.3    Nieschlag, E.4    Holzgreve, W.5
  • 71
    • 0015983622 scopus 로고
    • Effect of oophorectomy on circulating testosterone and androstenedione levels in patients with endometrial cancer
    • H.L. Judd, W.E. Lucas, and S.S. Yen Effect of oophorectomy on circulating testosterone and androstenedione levels in patients with endometrial cancer Am J Obstet Gynecol 118 6 1974 793 798
    • (1974) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.118 , Issue.6 , pp. 793-798
    • Judd, H.L.1    Lucas, W.E.2    Yen, S.S.3
  • 72
    • 0029981783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age effects of follicle-stimulating hormone and pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion across the menstrual cycle of premenopausal women
    • N.E. Reame, R.P. Kelche, and I.Z. Beitins Age effects of follicle-stimulating hormone and pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion across the menstrual cycle of premenopausal women J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81 4 1996 1512 1518
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , Issue.4 , pp. 1512-1518
    • Reame, N.E.1    Kelche, R.P.2    Beitins, I.Z.3
  • 73
    • 0031957355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of aging and gonadal failure on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in women
    • N. Santoro, T. Banwell, and D. Tortoriello Effects of aging and gonadal failure on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in women Am J Obstet Gynecol 178 4 1998 732 741
    • (1998) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.178 , Issue.4 , pp. 732-741
    • Santoro, N.1    Banwell, T.2    Tortoriello, D.3
  • 74
    • 0036797532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum inhibins, estradiol, progesterone and FSH in surgical menopause: A demonstration of ovarian pituitary feedback loop in women
    • S. Muttukrishna, S. Sharma, and D.H. Barlow Serum inhibins, estradiol, progesterone and FSH in surgical menopause: a demonstration of ovarian pituitary feedback loop in women Hum Reprod 17 10 2002 2535 2539
    • (2002) Hum Reprod , vol.17 , Issue.10 , pp. 2535-2539
    • Muttukrishna, S.1    Sharma, S.2    Barlow, D.H.3
  • 75
    • 0036797784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-vivo ovarian androgen responses to recombinant FSH with and without recombinant LH in polycystic ovarian syndrome
    • A.P. Cheung, S.M. Pride, B.H. Yuen, and L. Sy In-vivo ovarian androgen responses to recombinant FSH with and without recombinant LH in polycystic ovarian syndrome Hum Reprod 17 10 2002 2540 2547
    • (2002) Hum Reprod , vol.17 , Issue.10 , pp. 2540-2547
    • Cheung, A.P.1    Pride, S.M.2    Yuen, B.H.3    Sy, L.4
  • 76
    • 0023196580 scopus 로고
    • Heterodimers and homodimers of inhibin subunits have different paracrine action in the modulation of luteinizing hormone-stimulated androgen biosynthesis
    • A.J. Hsueh, K.D. Dahl, and J. Vaughan Heterodimers and homodimers of inhibin subunits have different paracrine action in the modulation of luteinizing hormone-stimulated androgen biosynthesis Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 14 1987 5082 5086
    • (1987) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.84 , Issue.14 , pp. 5082-5086
    • Hsueh, A.J.1    Dahl, K.D.2    Vaughan, J.3
  • 77
    • 0027367419 scopus 로고
    • Ovarian thecal/interstitial androgen synthesis is enhanced by a follicle-stimulating hormone-stimulated paracrine mechanism
    • C.D. Smyth, F. Miro, P.F. Whitelaw, C.M. Howles, and S.G. Hillier Ovarian thecal/interstitial androgen synthesis is enhanced by a follicle-stimulating hormone-stimulated paracrine mechanism Endocrinology 133 4 1993 1532 1538
    • (1993) Endocrinology , vol.133 , Issue.4 , pp. 1532-1538
    • Smyth, C.D.1    Miro, F.2    Whitelaw, P.F.3    Howles, C.M.4    Hillier, S.G.5
  • 78
    • 0034687428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of follicle-stimulating hormone on ovarian androgen production in a woman with isolated follicle-stimulating hormone deficiency
    • R.B. Barnes, R.L. Rosenfield, A. Namnoum, and L.C. Layman Effect of follicle-stimulating hormone on ovarian androgen production in a woman with isolated follicle-stimulating hormone deficiency N Engl J Med 343 16 2000 1197 1198
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , Issue.16 , pp. 1197-1198
    • Barnes, R.B.1    Rosenfield, R.L.2    Namnoum, A.3    Layman, L.C.4
  • 79
    • 0038639872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ovarian stromal blood flow changes after laparoscopic ovarian cauterization in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • M.E. Parsanezhad, M.H. Bagheri, S. Alborzi, and E.H. Schmidt Ovarian stromal blood flow changes after laparoscopic ovarian cauterization in women with polycystic ovary syndrome Hum Reprod 18 7 2003 1432 1437
    • (2003) Hum Reprod , vol.18 , Issue.7 , pp. 1432-1437
    • Parsanezhad, M.E.1    Bagheri, M.H.2    Alborzi, S.3    Schmidt, E.H.4
  • 80
    • 0346120420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does ovarian blood flow distinguish between ovulatory and anovulatory patients with polycystic ovary syndrome?
    • E. Carmina, A. Longo, and R.A. Lobo Does ovarian blood flow distinguish between ovulatory and anovulatory patients with polycystic ovary syndrome? Am J Obstet Gynecol 189 5 2003 1283 1286
    • (2003) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.189 , Issue.5 , pp. 1283-1286
    • Carmina, E.1    Longo, A.2    Lobo, R.A.3
  • 81
    • 0033794779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ovarian-adrenal cross-talk in polycystic ovary syndrome: Evidence from wedge resection
    • X.K. Wu, S.Y. Zhou, K. Sallinen, P. Pollanen, and R. Erkkola Ovarian-adrenal cross-talk in polycystic ovary syndrome: evidence from wedge resection Eur J Endocrinol 143 3 2000 383 388
    • (2000) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.143 , Issue.3 , pp. 383-388
    • Wu, X.K.1    Zhou, S.Y.2    Sallinen, K.3    Pollanen, P.4    Erkkola, R.5
  • 82
    • 0035574587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent discoveries in physiology of insulin-like growth factor-1 and its interaction with gonadotropins in folliculogenesis
    • F. Khamsi, S. Roberge, and Y. Yavas Recent discoveries in physiology of insulin-like growth factor-1 and its interaction with gonadotropins in folliculogenesis Endocrine 16 3 2001 151 165
    • (2001) Endocrine , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 151-165
    • Khamsi, F.1    Roberge, S.2    Yavas, Y.3
  • 83
    • 0024996150 scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factor-I enhances luteinizing hormone binding to rat ovarian theca-interstitial cells
    • J.F. Cara, J. Fan, J. Azzarello, and R.L. Rosenfield Insulin-like growth factor-I enhances luteinizing hormone binding to rat ovarian theca-interstitial cells J Clin Invest 86 2 1990 560 565
    • (1990) J Clin Invest , vol.86 , Issue.2 , pp. 560-565
    • Cara, J.F.1    Fan, J.2    Azzarello, J.3    Rosenfield, R.L.4
  • 84
    • 0026095146 scopus 로고
    • Acanthosis Nigricans, insulin action, and hyperandrogenism: Clinical, histological, and biochemical findings
    • A. Dunaif, G. Green, and R.G. Phelps Acanthosis Nigricans, insulin action, and hyperandrogenism: clinical, histological, and biochemical findings J Clin Endocrinol Metab 73 3 1991 590 595
    • (1991) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.73 , Issue.3 , pp. 590-595
    • Dunaif, A.1    Green, G.2    Phelps, R.G.3
  • 85
    • 0942265414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: Purposes and pitfalls
    • R.S. Legro, V.D. Castracane, and R.P. Kauffman Detecting insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: purposes and pitfalls Obstet Gynecol Surv 59 2 2004 141 154
    • (2004) Obstet Gynecol Surv , vol.59 , Issue.2 , pp. 141-154
    • Legro, R.S.1    Castracane, V.D.2    Kauffman, R.P.3
  • 86
    • 1042276554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of flutamide and metformin administered alone or in combination in dieting obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • A. Gambineri, C. Pelusi, and S. Genghini Effect of flutamide and metformin administered alone or in combination in dieting obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 60 2 2004 241 249
    • (2004) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.60 , Issue.2 , pp. 241-249
    • Gambineri, A.1    Pelusi, C.2    Genghini, S.3
  • 87
    • 0032583935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-sensitising agents in polycystic ovary syndrome
    • N. Sattar, Z.E. Hopkinson, and I.A. Greer Insulin-sensitising agents in polycystic ovary syndrome Lancet 351 9099 1998 305 307
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , Issue.9099 , pp. 305-307
    • Sattar, N.1    Hopkinson, Z.E.2    Greer, I.A.3
  • 88
    • 0036714281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome be treated with metformin?
    • E. Seli, and A.J. Duleba Should patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome be treated with metformin? Hum Reprod 17 9 2002 2230 2236
    • (2002) Hum Reprod , vol.17 , Issue.9 , pp. 2230-2236
    • Seli, E.1    Duleba, A.J.2
  • 89
    • 0035989503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and endocrinological effects of 6 months of metformin treatment in young hyperinsulinemic patients affected by polycystic ovary syndrome
    • G. Loverro, F. Lorusso, and G. De Pergola Clinical and endocrinological effects of 6 months of metformin treatment in young hyperinsulinemic patients affected by polycystic ovary syndrome Gynecol Endocrinol 16 3 2002 217 224
    • (2002) Gynecol Endocrinol , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 217-224
    • Loverro, G.1    Lorusso, F.2    De Pergola, G.3
  • 90
    • 0030855145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Troglitazone improves defects in insulin action, insulin secretion, ovarian steroidogenesis, and fibrinolysis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • D.A. Ehrmann, D.J. Schneider, and B.E. Sobel Troglitazone improves defects in insulin action, insulin secretion, ovarian steroidogenesis, and fibrinolysis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82 7 1997 2108 2116
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.82 , Issue.7 , pp. 2108-2116
    • Ehrmann, D.A.1    Schneider, D.J.2    Sobel, B.E.3
  • 91
    • 0032937815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of troglitazone on endocrine and ovulatory performance in women with insulin resistance-related polycystic ovary syndrome
    • I. Hasegawa, H. Murakawa, and M. Suzuki Effect of troglitazone on endocrine and ovulatory performance in women with insulin resistance-related polycystic ovary syndrome Fertil Steril 71 2 1999 323 327
    • (1999) Fertil Steril , vol.71 , Issue.2 , pp. 323-327
    • Hasegawa, I.1    Murakawa, H.2    Suzuki, M.3
  • 92
    • 0022625803 scopus 로고
    • Persistence of insulin resistance in polycystic ovarian disease after inhibition of ovarian steroid secretion
    • M.E. Geffner, S.A. Kaplan, and N. Bersch Persistence of insulin resistance in polycystic ovarian disease after inhibition of ovarian steroid secretion Fertil Steril 45 3 1986 327 333
    • (1986) Fertil Steril , vol.45 , Issue.3 , pp. 327-333
    • Geffner, M.E.1    Kaplan, S.A.2    Bersch, N.3
  • 93
    • 0024351596 scopus 로고
    • Persistent insulin resistance after normalization of androgen levels in a woman with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. A case report
    • F. Singer, G. Bhargava, and L. Poretsky Persistent insulin resistance after normalization of androgen levels in a woman with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. A case report J Reprod Med 34 11 1989 921 922
    • (1989) J Reprod Med , vol.34 , Issue.11 , pp. 921-922
    • Singer, F.1    Bhargava, G.2    Poretsky, L.3
  • 94
    • 0028607478 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of extragonadal insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 by testosterone in oophorectomized women
    • R. Azziz, C.L. Deal, H.D. Potter, S.E. Gargosky, and R.G. Rosenfeld Regulation of extragonadal insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 by testosterone in oophorectomized women J Clin Endocrinol Metab 79 6 1994 1747 1751
    • (1994) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.79 , Issue.6 , pp. 1747-1751
    • Azziz, R.1    Deal, C.L.2    Potter, H.D.3    Gargosky, S.E.4    Rosenfeld, R.G.5
  • 95
    • 0024381472 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of serum insulin by diazoxide reduces serum testosterone levels in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • J.E. Nestler, C.O. Barlascini, and D.W. Matt Suppression of serum insulin by diazoxide reduces serum testosterone levels in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 68 6 1989 1027 1032
    • (1989) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.68 , Issue.6 , pp. 1027-1032
    • Nestler, J.E.1    Barlascini, C.O.2    Matt, D.W.3
  • 96
    • 0029795871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The insulin-sensitizing agent troglitazone improves metabolic and reproductive abnormalities in the polycystic ovary syndrome
    • A. Dunaif, D. Scott, D. Finegood, B. Quintana, and R. Whitcomb The insulin-sensitizing agent troglitazone improves metabolic and reproductive abnormalities in the polycystic ovary syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81 9 1996 3299 3306
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , Issue.9 , pp. 3299-3306
    • Dunaif, A.1    Scott, D.2    Finegood, D.3    Quintana, B.4    Whitcomb, R.5
  • 97
    • 0036738335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased insulin receptor (IR) autophosphorylation in fibroblasts from patients with PCOS: Effects of serine kinase inhibitors and IR activators
    • M. Li, J.F. Youngren, and A. Dunaif Decreased insulin receptor (IR) autophosphorylation in fibroblasts from patients with PCOS: effects of serine kinase inhibitors and IR activators J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87 9 2002 4088 4093
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , Issue.9 , pp. 4088-4093
    • Li, M.1    Youngren, J.F.2    Dunaif, A.3
  • 98
    • 0032977329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin action in the polycystic ovary syndrome
    • A. Dunaif Insulin action in the polycystic ovary syndrome Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 28 2 1999 341 359
    • (1999) Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 341-359
    • Dunaif, A.1
  • 99
    • 0032566957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: Treating a phenotype without a genotype
    • R.S. Legro Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: treating a phenotype without a genotype Mol Cell Endocrinol 145 1-2 1998 103 110
    • (1998) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.145 , Issue.12 , pp. 103-110
    • Legro, R.S.1
  • 100
    • 0026028184 scopus 로고
    • A direct effect of hyperinsulinemia on serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels in obese women with the polycystic ovary syndrome
    • J.E. Nestler, L.P. Powers, and D.W. Matt A direct effect of hyperinsulinemia on serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels in obese women with the polycystic ovary syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 72 1 1991 83 89
    • (1991) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.72 , Issue.1 , pp. 83-89
    • Nestler, J.E.1    Powers, L.P.2    Matt, D.W.3
  • 101
    • 0017349282 scopus 로고
    • Epidermal growth factor and the multiplication of cultured human epidermal keratinocytes
    • J.G. Rheinwald, and H. Green Epidermal growth factor and the multiplication of cultured human epidermal keratinocytes Nature 265 5593 1977 421 424
    • (1977) Nature , vol.265 , Issue.5593 , pp. 421-424
    • Rheinwald, J.G.1    Green, H.2
  • 102
    • 0025771972 scopus 로고
    • Effect of acute physiological elevations of insulin on circulating androgen levels in nonobese women
    • M.P. Diamond, D.A. Grainger, A.J. Laudano, K. Starick-Zych, and R.A. DeFronzo Effect of acute physiological elevations of insulin on circulating androgen levels in nonobese women J Clin Endocrinol Metab 72 4 1991 883 887
    • (1991) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.72 , Issue.4 , pp. 883-887
    • Diamond, M.P.1    Grainger, D.A.2    Laudano, A.J.3    Starick-Zych, K.4    Defronzo, R.A.5
  • 103
    • 0023102652 scopus 로고
    • The effects of hyperinsulinemia on serum testosterone, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and cortisol levels in normal women and in a woman with hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and acanthosis nigricans
    • J.E. Nestler, J.N. Clore, J.F. Strauss 3rd, and W.G. Blackard The effects of hyperinsulinemia on serum testosterone, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and cortisol levels in normal women and in a woman with hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and acanthosis nigricans J Clin Endocrinol Metab 64 1 1987 180 184
    • (1987) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.64 , Issue.1 , pp. 180-184
    • Nestler, J.E.1    Clore, J.N.2    Strauss III, J.F.3    Blackard, W.G.4
  • 104
    • 0026061628 scopus 로고
    • On the paradox of insulin-induced hyperandrogenism in insulin-resistant states
    • L. Poretsky On the paradox of insulin-induced hyperandrogenism in insulin-resistant states Endocr Rev 12 1 1991 3 13
    • (1991) Endocr Rev , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-13
    • Poretsky, L.1
  • 105
    • 0020592186 scopus 로고
    • Effects of insulin on steroidogenesis in cultured porcine ovarian theca
    • R.L. Barbieri, A. Makris, and K.J. Ryan Effects of insulin on steroidogenesis in cultured porcine ovarian theca Fertil Steril 40 2 1983 237 241
    • (1983) Fertil Steril , vol.40 , Issue.2 , pp. 237-241
    • Barbieri, R.L.1    Makris, A.2    Ryan, K.J.3
  • 106
    • 0141958091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective ovary resistance to insulin signaling in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • X.K. Wu, S.Y. Zhou, and J.X. Liu Selective ovary resistance to insulin signaling in women with polycystic ovary syndrome Fertil Steril 80 4 2003 954 965
    • (2003) Fertil Steril , vol.80 , Issue.4 , pp. 954-965
    • Wu, X.K.1    Zhou, S.Y.2    Liu, J.X.3
  • 107
    • 0035919204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropic control of ovarian follicular growth and development
    • S.G. Hillier Gonadotropic control of ovarian follicular growth and development Mol Cell Endocrinol 179 1-2 2001 39 46
    • (2001) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.179 , Issue.12 , pp. 39-46
    • Hillier, S.G.1
  • 108
    • 0027770992 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein 1 gene transcription by hormones and provision of amino acids in rat hepatocytes
    • C.I. Pao, P.K. Farmer, and S. Begovic Regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein 1 gene transcription by hormones and provision of amino acids in rat hepatocytes Mol Endocrinol 7 12 1993 1561 1568
    • (1993) Mol Endocrinol , vol.7 , Issue.12 , pp. 1561-1568
    • Pao, C.I.1    Farmer, P.K.2    Begovic, S.3
  • 109
    • 0023925874 scopus 로고
    • The effects of experimental hyperinsulinemia on steroid secretion, ovarian
    • L. Poretsky, B. Glover, V. Laumas, M. Kalin, and A. Dunaif The effects of experimental hyperinsulinemia on steroid secretion, ovarian Endocrinology 122 2 1988 581 585
    • (1988) Endocrinology , vol.122 , Issue.2 , pp. 581-585
    • Poretsky, L.1    Glover, B.2    Laumas, V.3    Kalin, M.4    Dunaif, A.5
  • 110
    • 85047685583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of metformin on insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I and IGF- binding protein I in polycystic ovary syndrome
    • V. De Leo, A. La Marca, R. Orvieto, and G. Morgante Effect of metformin on insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I and IGF- binding protein I in polycystic ovary syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85 4 2000 1598 1600
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , Issue.4 , pp. 1598-1600
    • De Leo, V.1    La Marca, A.2    Orvieto, R.3    Morgante, G.4
  • 111
    • 0026089542 scopus 로고
    • Effect of recombinant inhibin on androgen synthesis in cultured human thecal cells
    • S.G. Hillier, E.L. Yong, and P.J. Illingworth Effect of recombinant inhibin on androgen synthesis in cultured human thecal cells Mol Cell Endocrinol 75 2 1991 R1 R6
    • (1991) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.75 , Issue.2
    • Hillier, S.G.1    Yong, E.L.2    Illingworth, P.J.3
  • 112
    • 0035143183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential regulation of inhibin B and inhibin a by follicle- stimulating hormone and local growth factors in human granulosa cells from small antral follicles
    • C.K. Welt, and A.L. Schneyer Differential regulation of inhibin B and inhibin a by follicle- stimulating hormone and local growth factors in human granulosa cells from small antral follicles J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86 1 2001 330 336
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , Issue.1 , pp. 330-336
    • Welt, C.K.1    Schneyer, A.L.2
  • 113
    • 0027050848 scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factors and ovarian follicular development
    • L.C. Giudice Insulin-like growth factors and ovarian follicular development Endocr Rev 13 4 1992 641 669
    • (1992) Endocr Rev , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 641-669
    • Giudice, L.C.1
  • 114
    • 0027423255 scopus 로고
    • Expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-II and the IGF-I, IGF-II, and insulin receptor genes and localization of the gene products in the human ovary
    • A. el-Roeiy, X. Chen, and V.J. Roberts Expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-II and the IGF-I, IGF-II, and insulin receptor genes and localization of the gene products in the human ovary J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77 5 1993 1411 1418
    • (1993) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.77 , Issue.5 , pp. 1411-1418
    • El-Roeiy, A.1    Chen, X.2    Roberts, V.J.3
  • 115
    • 0036146435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated free IGF-I levels in prepubertal Hispanic girls with premature adrenarche: Relationship with hyperandrogenism and insulin sensitivity
    • M.E. Silfen, A.M. Manibo, and M. Ferin Elevated free IGF-I levels in prepubertal Hispanic girls with premature adrenarche: relationship with hyperandrogenism and insulin sensitivity J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87 1 2002 398 403
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , Issue.1 , pp. 398-403
    • Silfen, M.E.1    Manibo, A.M.2    Ferin, M.3
  • 116
    • 0027051870 scopus 로고
    • The role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome
    • R. Homburg, C. Pariente, B. Lunenfeld, and H.S. Jacobs The role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome Hum Reprod 7 10 1992 1379 1383
    • (1992) Hum Reprod , vol.7 , Issue.10 , pp. 1379-1383
    • Homburg, R.1    Pariente, C.2    Lunenfeld, B.3    Jacobs, H.S.4
  • 117
    • 0027324450 scopus 로고
    • Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 and ovulatory responses to clomiphene citrate in women with polycystic ovarian disease
    • A.E. Tiitinen, T.J. Laatikainen, and M.T. Seppala Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 and ovulatory responses to clomiphene citrate in women with polycystic ovarian disease Fertil Steril 60 1 1993 58 62
    • (1993) Fertil Steril , vol.60 , Issue.1 , pp. 58-62
    • Tiitinen, A.E.1    Laatikainen, T.J.2    Seppala, M.T.3
  • 118
    • 0029833087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin, somatotropic, and luteinizing hormone axes in lean and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Common and distinct features
    • A.J. Morales, G.A. Laughlin, and T. Butzow Insulin, somatotropic, and luteinizing hormone axes in lean and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: common and distinct features J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81 8 1996 2854 2864
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , Issue.8 , pp. 2854-2864
    • Morales, A.J.1    Laughlin, G.A.2    Butzow, T.3
  • 119
    • 0032977719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth factor action on ovarian function in polycystic ovary syndrome
    • L.C. Giudice Growth factor action on ovarian function in polycystic ovary syndrome Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 28 2 1999 325 339 vi
    • (1999) Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 325-339
    • Giudice, L.C.1
  • 120
    • 0035217099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biochemical basis for increased testosterone production in theca cells propagated from patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • V.L. Nelson, K.N. Qin Kn, and R.L. Rosenfield The biochemical basis for increased testosterone production in theca cells propagated from patients with polycystic ovary syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86 12 2001 5925 5933
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , Issue.12 , pp. 5925-5933
    • Nelson, V.L.1    Qin Kn, K.N.2    Rosenfield, R.L.3
  • 121
    • 10744223344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hormonal phenotype of nonclassic 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B) deficiency in hyperandrogenic females is associated with insulin-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome and is not a variant of inherited HSD3B2 deficiency
    • G. Carbunaru, P. Prasad, and B. Scoccia The hormonal phenotype of nonclassic 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B) deficiency in hyperandrogenic females is associated with insulin-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome and is not a variant of inherited HSD3B2 deficiency J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89 2 2004 783 794
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.89 , Issue.2 , pp. 783-794
    • Carbunaru, G.1    Prasad, P.2    Scoccia, B.3
  • 122
    • 0042384482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 17,20-lyase activity of cytochrome p450c17 from human fetal testis favors the delta5 steroidogenic pathway
    • C.E. Fluck, W.L. Miller, and R.J. Auchus The 17,20-lyase activity of cytochrome p450c17 from human fetal testis favors the delta5 steroidogenic pathway J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88 8 2003 3762 3766
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , Issue.8 , pp. 3762-3766
    • Fluck, C.E.1    Miller, W.L.2    Auchus, R.J.3
  • 123
    • 0036440831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baboon cytochrome P45017alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17)
    • A.C. Swart, N.W. Kolar, N. Lombard, J.I. Mason, and P. Swart Baboon cytochrome P45017alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17) Eur J Biochem 269 22 2002 5608 5616
    • (2002) Eur J Biochem , vol.269 , Issue.22 , pp. 5608-5616
    • Swart, A.C.1    Kolar, N.W.2    Lombard, N.3    Mason, J.I.4    Swart, P.5
  • 124
    • 0036732168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for competing effects of body mass, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and androgens on leptin levels among lean, overweight, and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • K. Remsberg, E. Talbott, J. Zborowski, R. Evans, and K. McHugh-Pemu Evidence for competing effects of body mass, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and androgens on leptin levels among lean, overweight, and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome Fertil Steril 78 3 2002 479
    • (2002) Fertil Steril , vol.78 , Issue.3 , pp. 479
    • Remsberg, K.1    Talbott, E.2    Zborowski, J.3    Evans, R.4    McHugh-Pemu, K.5
  • 125
    • 0030698381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inappropriate gonadotropin secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome: Influence of adiposity
    • A. Arroyo, G.A. Laughlin, A.J. Morales, and S.S. Yen Inappropriate gonadotropin secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome: influence of adiposity J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82 11 1997 3728 3733
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.82 , Issue.11 , pp. 3728-3733
    • Arroyo, A.1    Laughlin, G.A.2    Morales, A.J.3    Yen, S.S.4
  • 126
    • 0027212609 scopus 로고
    • Roles of LH and insulin resistance in lean and obese polycystic ovary syndrome
    • H. Grulet, A.C. Hecart, and B. Delemer Roles of LH and insulin resistance in lean and obese polycystic ovary syndrome Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 38 6 1993 621 626
    • (1993) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 621-626
    • Grulet, H.1    Hecart, A.C.2    Delemer, B.3
  • 127
    • 0026781569 scopus 로고
    • Body weight, hyperinsulinemia, and gonadotropin levels in the polycystic ovarian syndrome: Evidence of two distinct populations
    • P.O. Dale, T. Tanbo, S. Vaaler, and T. Abyholm Body weight, hyperinsulinemia, and gonadotropin levels in the polycystic ovarian syndrome: evidence of two distinct populations Fertil Steril 58 3 1992 487 491
    • (1992) Fertil Steril , vol.58 , Issue.3 , pp. 487-491
    • Dale, P.O.1    Tanbo, T.2    Vaaler, S.3    Abyholm, T.4
  • 128
    • 0029979221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different responses of insulin, C-peptide, and testosterone to an oral glucose tolerance test in two groups of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome
    • W.X. Ke, G.Q. Shan, and S.Y. Hua Different responses of insulin, C-peptide, and testosterone to an oral glucose tolerance test in two groups of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 75 2 1996 166 169
    • (1996) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , vol.75 , Issue.2 , pp. 166-169
    • Ke, W.X.1    Shan, G.Q.2    Hua, S.Y.3
  • 129
    • 1642418358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of elevated LH/FSH ratio in polycystic ovary syndrome women with normo- and hyperinsulinemia
    • B. Banaszewska, R.Z. Spaczynski, M. Pelesz, and L. Pawelczyk Incidence of elevated LH/FSH ratio in polycystic ovary syndrome women with normo- and hyperinsulinemia Rocz Akad Med Bialymst 48 2003 131 134
    • (2003) Rocz Akad Med Bialymst , vol.48 , pp. 131-134
    • Banaszewska, B.1    Spaczynski, R.Z.2    Pelesz, M.3    Pawelczyk, L.4
  • 130
    • 0034889856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance in nonobese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • S. Toprak, A. Yonem, and B. Cakir Insulin resistance in nonobese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome Horm Res 55 2 2001 65 70
    • (2001) Horm Res , vol.55 , Issue.2 , pp. 65-70
    • Toprak, S.1    Yonem, A.2    Cakir, B.3
  • 131
    • 0029943227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Their relationship to body weight and insulin levels
    • G. Tropeano, I.P. Vuolo, and A. Lucisano Gonadotropin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: their relationship to body weight and insulin levels J Endocrinol Invest 19 3 1996 139 145
    • (1996) J Endocrinol Invest , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 139-145
    • Tropeano, G.1    Vuolo, I.P.2    Lucisano, A.3
  • 132
    • 0031027956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 17 Alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone responses to leuprolide and serum androgens in obese women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome offer dietary weight loss
    • D.J. Jakubowicz, and J.E. Nestler 17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone responses to leuprolide and serum androgens in obese women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome offer dietary weight loss J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82 2 1997 556 560
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.82 , Issue.2 , pp. 556-560
    • Jakubowicz, D.J.1    Nestler, J.E.2
  • 133
    • 0347986536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased growth hormone response to clonidine in nonobese normoinsulinemic patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • F.V. Comim, and P.M. Spritzer Increased growth hormone response to clonidine in nonobese normoinsulinemic patients with polycystic ovary syndrome Fertil Steril 81 1 2004 108 113
    • (2004) Fertil Steril , vol.81 , Issue.1 , pp. 108-113
    • Comim, F.V.1    Spritzer, P.M.2
  • 134
    • 0037232671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of growth hormone excess reduces insulin resistance and ovarian dysfunction in a lean case of polycystic ovary syndrome with a growth-hormone-producing pituitary adenoma
    • S. Hashimoto, J. Yatabe, S. Midorikawa, H. Sanada, and T. Watanabe Inhibition of growth hormone excess reduces insulin resistance and ovarian dysfunction in a lean case of polycystic ovary syndrome with a growth-hormone-producing pituitary adenoma Horm Res 59 3 2003 149 155
    • (2003) Horm Res , vol.59 , Issue.3 , pp. 149-155
    • Hashimoto, S.1    Yatabe, J.2    Midorikawa, S.3    Sanada, H.4    Watanabe, T.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.