Evaluation of the role of melanocortin 3 and 4 receptors in leptin-stimulated and spontaneous growth hormone secretion in rats

Neuroendocrinology

Volumn 78, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 331-338

  Watanobe, Hajime ^a   Yoneda, Masashi ^b  

^a INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH AND WELFARE   (Japan)

^b DOKKYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Growth hormone; Leptin; Melanocortin receptors; Melanocortins; Pulsatile secretion

Indexed keywords

BETA INTERMEDIN[11-22][11 (N ACETYLCYSTEINE) 14 [3 (2 NAPHTHYL) DEXTRO ALANINE] 18 CYSTEINE 22 ASPARTIC ACID AMIDE] 11,18 CYCLIC DISULFIDE; GROWTH HORMONE; HORMONE RECEPTOR AFFECTING AGENT; INTERMEDIN; MELANOCORTIN 3 RECEPTOR; MELANOCORTIN 4 RECEPTOR; MELANOCORTIN MC3 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; MELANOCORTIN MC4 RECEPTOR AGONIST; PROLACTIN; RECEPTOR SUBTYPE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; DIET RESTRICTION; FEEDING; HORMONE ACTION; HORMONE BLOOD LEVEL; HORMONE DETERMINATION; HORMONE RELEASE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULSE RATE; RAT; RECEPTOR BLOCKING;

ANIMALS; EATING; FOOD DEPRIVATION; GROWTH HORMONE; LEPTIN; MALE; PULSATILE FLOW; RATS; RATS, WISTAR; RECEPTOR, MELANOCORTIN, TYPE 3; RECEPTOR, MELANOCORTIN, TYPE 4;

EID: 0347416918     PISSN: 00283835     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000074886     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, Barone M, Leopold L, Friedman JM: Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature 1994;372:425-432.
2. Casanueva FF, Dieguez C: Neuroendocrine regulation and actions of leptin. Front Neuroendocrinol 1999;20:317-363.
3. Ahima RS, Saper CB, Flier JS, Elmquist JK: Leptin regulation of neuroendocrine systems. Front Neuroendocrinol 2000;21:263-307.
4. Schioth HB: The physiological role of melanocortin receptors. Vitam Horm 2001;63:195-232.
5. MacNeil DJ, Howard AD, Guan X, Fong TM, Nargund RP, Bednarek MA, Goulet MT, Weinberg DH, Strack AM, Marsh DJ, Chen HY, Shen CP, Chen AS, Rosenblum CI, MacNeil T, Tota M, MacIntyre ED, Van der Ploeg LH: The role of melanocortins in body weight regulation: Opportunities for the treatment of obesity. Eur J Pharmacol 2002;450:93-109.
6. Seeley RJ, Yagaloff KA, Fisher SL, Burn P, Thiele TE, van Dijk G, Baskin DG, Schwartz MW: Melanocortin receptors in leptin effects. Nature 1997;390:349.
7. Kask A, Rago L, Wikberg JE, Schioth HB: Evidence for involvement of the melanocortin MC4 receptor in the effects of leptin on food intake and body weight. Eur J Pharmacol 1998;360:15-19.
8. Watanobe H, Schioth HB, Wikberg JES, Suda T: The melanocortin 4 receptor mediates leptin stimulation of luteinizing hormone and prolactin surges in steroid-primed ovariectomized rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999;257:860-864.
9. Watanobe H, Yoneda M, Kakizaki Y, Kohsaka A, Suda T, Schioth HB: Further evidence for a significant participation of the melanocortin 4 receptor in the preovulatory prolactin surge in the rat. Brain Res Bull 2001;54:521-525.
10. Schioth HB, Kakizaki Y, Kohsaka A, Suda T, Watanobe H: Agouti-related peptide prevents steroid-induced luteinizing hormone and prolactin surges in female rats. Neuroreport 2001;12:687-690.
11. Watanobe H: Leptin directly acts within the hypothalamus to stimulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion in vivo in rats. J Physiol 2002;545:255-268.
12. Schioth HB, Watanobe H: Melanocortins and reproduction. Brain Res Rev 2002;38:340-350.
13. Watanobe H, Schioth HB, Izumi J: Pivotal roles of α-melanocyte- stimulating hormone and the melanocortin 4 receptor in leptin stimulation of prolactin secretion in rats. J Neurochem 2003;85:338-347.
14. Murray JF, Adan RAH, Walker R, Baker BI, Thody AJ, Nijenhuis WA, Yukitake J, Wilson CA: Melanin-concentrating hormone, melanocortin receptors and regulation of luteinizing hormone release. J Neuroendocrinol 2000;12:217-223.
15. Murray JF, Mercer JG, Adan RAH, Datta J, Aldairy C, Moar KM, Baker BI, Stock MJ, Wilson CA: The effect of leptin on luteinizing hormone release is exerted in the zona incerta and mediated by melanin-concentrating hormone. J Neuroendocrinol 2000;12:1133-1139 [erratum in J Neuroendocrinol 2001;13:109].
16. Hohmann JG, Teal TH, Clifton DK, Davis J, Hruby VJ, Han G, Steiner RA: Differential role of melanocortins in mediating leptin's central effects on feeding and reproduction. Am J Physiol 2000;278:R50-R59.
17. Raposinho PD, Castillo E, D'Alleves V, Broqua P, Pralong FP, Aubert ML: Chronic blockade of the melanocortin 4 receptor subtype leads to obesity independently of neuropeptide Y action, with no adverse effects on the gonadotropic and somatotropic axes. Endocrinology 2000;141:4419-4427.
18. Raposinho PD, White RB, Aubert ML: The melanocortin agonist melanotan-II reduces the ovexigenic and adipogenic effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) but does not affect the NPY-driven suppressive effects on the gonadotropic and somatotropic axes in the male rat. J Neuroendocrinol 2003;15:173-181.
19. Fekete C, Legradi G, Mihaly E, Huang QH, Tatro JB, Rand WM, Emerson CH, Lechan RM: α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone is contained in nerve terminals innervating thyrotropin-releasing hormone-synthesizing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and prevents fasting-induced suppression of prothyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression. J Neurosci 2000;20:1550-1558.
20. Kim MS, Small CJ, Stanley SA, Morgan DGA, Seal LJ, Kong WM, Edwards CMB, Abusnana S, Sunter D, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR: The central melanocortin system affects the hypothalamo-pituitary thyroid axis and may mediate the effect of leptin. J Clin Invest 2000;105:1005-1011.
21. Mihaly E, Fekete C, Tatro JB, Liposits Z, Stopa EG, Lechan RM: Hypophysiotropic thyrotropin-releasing hormone-synthesizing neurons in the human hypothalamus are innervated by neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein, and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:2596-2603.
22. Harris M, Aschkenasi C, Elias CF, Chandrankunnel A, Nillni EA, Bjorbaek C, Elmquist JK, Flier JS, Hollenberg AN: Transcriptional regulation of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene by leptin and melanocortin signaling. J Clin Invest 2001;107:111-120.
23. Kim MS, Small CJ, Russell SH, Morgan DG, Abbott CR, alAhmed SH, Hay DL, Ghatei MA, Smith DM, Bloom SR: Effects of melanocortin receptor ligands on thyrotropin-releasing hormone release: Evidence for the differential roles of melanocortin 3 and 4 receptors. J Neuroendocrinol 2002;14:276-282.
24. Von Frijtag JC, Groiset G, Gispen WH, Adan RAH, Wiegant VM: The role of central melanocortin receptors in the activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary- adrenal-axis and the regulation of excessive grooming. Br J Pharmacol 1998;123:1503-1508.
25. Fekete C, Legradi G, Mihaly E, Tatro JB, Rand WM, Lechan RM: α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone prevents fasting-induced suppression of corticotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Neurosci Lett 2000;289:152-156.
26. Quintela M, Senaris R, Heiman ML, Casanueva FF, Dieguez C: Leptin inhibits in vitro hypothalamic somatostatin secretion and somatostatin mRNA levels. Endocrinology 1997;138:5641-5644.
27. LaPaglia N, Steiner J, Kirsteins L, Emanuele M, Emanuele N: Leptin alters the response of the growth hormone releasing factor-growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-I axis to fasting. J Endocrinol 1998;159:79-83.
28. Carro E, Senaris RM, Seoane LM, Frohman LA, Arimura A, Casanueva FF, Dieguez C: Role of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone and somatostatin on leptin-induced GH secretion. Neuroendocrinology 1999;69:3-10.
29. Cocchi D, De Gennaro Colonna V, Bagnasco M, Bonacci D, Muller EE: Leptin regulates GH secretion in the rat by acting on GHRH and somatostatinergic functions. J Endocrinol 1999;162:95-99.
30. Watanobe H, Habu S: Leptin regulates growth hormone-releasing factor, somatostatin, and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone but not neuropeptide Y release in rat hypothalamus in vivo: Relation with growth hormone secretion. J Neurosci 2002;22:6265-6271.
31. Barb CR, Yan X, Azain MJ, Kraeling RR, Rampacek GB, Ramsay TG: Recombinant porcine leptin reduces feed intake and stimulates growth hormone secretion in swine. Domest Anim Endocrinol 1998;15:77-86.
32. Roh S, Clarke IJ, Xu R, Goding JW, Loneragan K, Chen C: The in vitro effect of leptin on basal and growth hormone-releasing hormone-stimulated growth hormone secretion from the ovine pituitary gland. Neuroendocrinology 1998;68:361-364.
33. Roh S, Nie G, Loneragan K, Gertler A, Chen C: Direct modification of somatotrope function by long-term leptin treatment of primary cultured ovine pituitary cells. Endocrinology 2001;142:5167-5171.
34. Shimon I, Yan X, Magoff DA, Friedman TC, Melmed S: Intact leptin receptor is selectively expressed in human fetal pituitary and pituitary adenomas and signals human fetal pituitary growth hormone secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:4059-4064.
35. Chen C, Roh SG, Nie GY, Loneragan K, Xu RW, Ruan M, Clarke LJ, Goding JW, Gertler A: The in vitro effect of leptin on growth hormone secretion from cultured ovine somatotrophs. Endocrine 2001:14:73-78.
36. Korbonits M, Chitnis MM, Gueorguier M, Norman D, Rosenfelder N, Suliman M, Jones TH, Fabbri KN, Besser GM, Burrin JM, Grossman AB: The release of leptin and its effect on hormone release from human pituitary adenomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2001:54:781-789.
37. Veldhuis JD, Johnson ML: Cluster analysis: A simple, versatile, and robust algorithm for endocrine pulse detection. Am J Physiol 1986;250:E486-E493.
38. Watanobe H, Schioth HB: Postnatal profile of plasma leptin concentrations in male and female rats: Relation with the maturation of the pituitary-gonadal axis. Regul Pept 2002;105:23-28.
39. Watanobe H, Habu S: Manipulation of neonatal gonadal steroid milieu and leptin secretion in later life in male and female rats. Regul Pept 2002;110:219-224.
40. Carro E, Senaris R, Considine RV, Casanueva FF, Dieguez C: Regulation of in vivo growth hormone secretion by leptin. Endocrinology 1997;138:2203-2206.
41. Carro E, Seoane LM, Senaris R, Considine RV, Casanueva FF, Dieguez C: Interaction between leptin and neuropeptide Y on in vivo growth hormone secretion. Neuroendocrinology 1998;68:187-191.
42. Tannenbaum GS, Gurd W, Lapointe M: Leptin is a potent stimulator of spontaneous pulsatile growth hormone (GH) secretion and the GH response to GH-releasing hormone. Endocrinology 1998;139:3871-3875.
43. Vuagnat BA, Pierroz DD, Lalaoui M, Englaro P, Pralong FP, Blum WF, Aubert ML: Evidence for a leptin-neuropeptide Y axis for the regulation of growth hormone secretion in the rat. Neuroendocrinology 1998;67:291-300.
44. Carro E, Seoane LM, Senaris R, Casanueva FF, Dieguez C: Leptin increases in vivo GH responses to GHRH and GH-releasing peptide-6 in food-deprived rats. Eur J Endocrinol 2000;142:66-70.
45. Schioth HB, Mutulis F, Muceniece R, Prusis P, Wikberg JE: Discovery of novel melanocortin 4 receptor-selective MSH analogues. Br J Pharmacol 1998;124:75-82.
46. Ollmann MM, Wilson BD, Yang YK, Kerns JA, Chen Y, Gantz I, Barsh GS: Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein. Science 1997;278:135-138.
47. Murphy B, Nunes CN, Ronan JJ, Hanaway M, Fairhurst AM, Mellin TN: Centrally administered MTII affects feeding, drinking, temperature and activity in the Sprague-Dawley rat. J Appl Physiol 2000;89:273-282.
48. Huszar D, Lynch CA, Fairchild-Huntress V, Dunmore JH, Fang Q, Berkemeier LR, Gu W, Kesterson RA, Boston BA, Cone RD, Smith FJ, Campfield LA, Burn P, Lee F: Targeted disruption of the melanocortin-4 receptor results in obesity in mice. Cell 1997;88:131-141.
49. Marsh DJ, Hollopeter G, Huszar D, Laufer R, Yagaloff KA, Fisher SL, Burn P, Palmiter RD: Response of melanocortin-4 receptor-deficient mice to anorectic and orexigenic peptides. Nat Genet 1999;21:119-122.
50. Butler AA, Kesterson RA, Khong K, Cullen MJ, Pelleymounter MA, Dekoning J, Baetscher M, Cone RD: A unique metabolic syndrome causes obesity in the melanocortin-3 receptor-deficient mouse. Endocrinology 2000;141:3518-3521.
51. Chen AS, Marsh DJ, Trumbauer ME, Frazier EG, Guan XM, Yu H, Rosenblum CI, Vongs A, Feng Y, Cao L, Metzger JM, Strack AM, Camacho RE, Mellin TN, Nunes CN, Min W, Fisher J, Gopal-Truter S, MacIntyre DE, Chen HY, Van der Ploeg LH: Inactivation of the mouse melanocortin-3 receptor results in increased fat mass and reduced lean body mass. Nat Genet 2000;26:97-102.
52. Gantz I, Konda Y, Tashiro T, Shimoto Y, Miwa H, Munzert G, Watson SJ, DelValle J, Yamada T: Molecular cloning of a novel melanocortin receptor. J Biol Chem 1993;268:8246-8250.
53. Giustna A, Veldhuis JD: Pathophysiology of the neuroregulation of growth hormone secretion in experimental animals and the human. Endocr Rev 1998;19:717-797.
54. Finn PD, Cunningham MJ, Pau KY, Spies HG, Clifton DK, Steiner RA: The stimulatory effect of leptin on the neuroendocrine reproductive axis of the monkey. Endocrinology 1998;139:4652-4662.
55. Friedman JM, Halaas JL: Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals. Nature 1998;395:763-770.
56. Magni P, Vettor R, Pagano C, Calcagno A, Beretta E, Messi E, Zanisi M, Martini L, Motta M: Expression of a leptin receptor in immortalized gonadotropin-releasing hormone-secreting neurons. Endocrinology 1999;140:1581-1585.
57. Khong K, Kurtz SE, Sykes RL, Cone RD: Expression of functional melanocortin-4 receptor in the hypothalamic GT1-1 cell line. Neuroendocrinology 2001;74:193-201.
58. Mellon P, Windle J, Goldsmith P, Padula C, Roberts J, Weiner R: Immortalization of hypothalamic GnRH neurons by genetically targeted tumorigenesis. Neuron 1990;5:1-10.
59. Hakansson ML, Brown H, Ghilardi N, Skoda RC, Meister B: Leptin receptor immunoreactivity in chemically defined target neurons of the hypothalamus. J Neurosci 1998;18:559-572.
60. Iqbal J, Pompolo S, Murakami T, Clarke IJ: Localization of long-form leptin receptor in the somatostatin-containing neurons in the sheep hypothalamus. Brain Res 2000;887:1-6.
61. Koegler FH, Grove KL, Schiffmacher A, Smith MS, Cameron JL: Central melanocortin receptors mediate changes in food intake in the rhesus macaque. Endocrinology 2001;142:2586-2592.
62. Cai A, Hyde JF: The human growth hormone-releasing hormone transgenic mouse as a model of modest obesity: Differential changes in leptin receptor (OBR) gene expression in the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus after fasting and OBR localization in somatotrophs. Endocrinology 1999;140:3609-3614.
63. Iqbal J, Pompolo S, Considine RV, Clarke IJ: Localization of leptin receptor-like immunoreactivity in the corticotropes, somatotropes and gonadotropes in the ovine anterior pituitary. Endocrinology 2000;141:1515-1520.
64. Sone M, Nagata H, Takekoshi S, Osamura RY: Expression and localization of leptin receptor in the normal rat pituitary gland. Cell Tissue Res 2001;305:351-356.
65. 2+ concentration? J Neuroendocrinol 1999;11:171-179.
66. 2+ responses in immature rat pituitary constitute a fraction of all main pituitary cell types, but mostly express multiple hormone phenotypes at the messenger ribonucleic acid level. Refractoriness to melanocortin-3 receptor blockade in the lacto-somatotroph lineage. Endocrinology 1999;140:4874-4885.
67. Bjorbaek C, Hollenberg AN: Leptin and melanocortin signaling in the hypothalamus. Vitam Horm 2002;65:281-311.