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A stainless steel nozzle plate with a 300 μm ejection hole was used to produce drop-on-demand jetting. Using 2 mm head pressure of ink and applying a square wave (frequency 100 Hz. amplitude 4.0 V. amplitude offset 2.0 V. duty cycle 5% of entire wave) on the piezoactuator, produced discrete droplets of the copper precursor. The piezo is a custom-built PZT piezoelectric ceramic unimorph research printhead operating in the bend mode. Drop generation was computer controlled (WaveCad 7223pc Version 1.0; MS-Dos platform. Tabor Electronics Ltd., UK). The pulse was amplified using a 500 V Linear Amplifier (Bournlea Instruments Ltd., UK).
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20
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0347757375
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note
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The energy-dispersive analysis of x rays was conducted using a RONTEC GmbH with light element UHV Dewar detector. EDWIN WinTools by RONTEC GmbH (version: 3.1 ENG) was the processing software. Scanning electron microscopy was conducted using a LEICA Stereo 430 instrument, with a 20 kV beam at a working distance of 25 mm. Images were processed using Leo 400 series software.
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21
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0347127112
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note
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The optical interferometric height profile analysis: Zygo NewView 200 System (OMP-0407C); Michelson and Mirau interferometric objectives; 50X magnification at full zoom (2.0) gave an average horizontal resolution of 0.2 μm (320×240 pixel resolution). MetroPro software was used.
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22
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0030565064
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+ ions scattered at 150° degrees from the whole inkspot into a surface barrier detector.
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