메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 135-141

Modulation of TNF-α secretion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by cocoa flavanols and procyanidins

Author keywords

Cocoa; Monomers; Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; Tumor necrosis factor

Indexed keywords

ALKALOID; CAFFEINE; CATECHIN; EPICATECHIN; FLAVAN 3 OL; FLAVAN DERIVATIVE; FLAVANOL DERIVATIVE; PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ; PROCYANIDIN DERIVATIVE; THEOBROMINE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 0041312613     PISSN: 10446672     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/1044667031000137601     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (93)

References (51)
  • 2
    • 0032740359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protection against peroxynitrite by cocoa polyphenol oligomers
    • Arteel, G.E. and Sies, H. (1999) "Protection against peroxynitrite by cocoa polyphenol oligomers", FEBS Lett. 462, 167-170.
    • (1999) FEBS Lett. , vol.462 , pp. 167-170
    • Arteel, G.E.1    Sies, H.2
  • 3
    • 0033533049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chocolate as a source of tea flavonoids
    • Arts, I.C.W., Hollman, P.C.H. and Kromhout, D. (1999) "Chocolate as a source of tea flavonoids", Lancet 354, 488.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 488
    • Arts, I.C.W.1    Hollman, P.C.H.2    Kromhout, D.3
  • 4
    • 0035543069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absorption and urinary excretion of (-)-epicatechin after administration of different levels of cocoa powder or (-)-epicatechin in rats
    • Baba, S., Osakabe, N., Natsume, M., Muto, Y., Takizawa, T. and Terao, J. (2001) "Absorption and urinary excretion of (-)-epicatechin after administration of different levels of cocoa powder or (-)-epicatechin in rats", J. Agric. Food Chem. 49, 6050-6056.
    • (2001) J. Agric. Food Chem, , vol.49 , pp. 6050-6056
    • Baba, S.1    Osakabe, N.2    Natsume, M.3    Muto, Y.4    Takizawa, T.5    Terao, J.6
  • 5
    • 0036628736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absorption and urinary excretion of procyanidin B2 [epicatechin-(4beta-8)-epicatechin] in rats
    • Baba, S., Osakabe, N., Natsume, M. and Terao, J. (2002) "Absorption and urinary excretion of procyanidin B2 [epicatechin-(4beta-8)-epicatechin] in rats", Free Radic. Biol. Med. 33, 142-148.
    • (2002) Free Radic. Biol. Med. , vol.33 , pp. 142-148
    • Baba, S.1    Osakabe, N.2    Natsume, M.3    Terao, J.4
  • 6
    • 0030956480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen free radical scavenging abilities of vitamins C and E, and a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract in vitro
    • Bagchi, D., Garg, A., Krohn, R.L., Bagchi, M., Tran, M.X. and Stohs, S.J. (1997) "Oxygen free radical scavenging abilities of vitamins C and E, and a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract in vitro", Res. Commun. Mol. Pathol. Pharmacol. 95, 179-189.
    • (1997) Res. Commun. Mol. Pathol. Pharmacol. , vol.95 , pp. 179-189
    • Bagchi, D.1    Garg, A.2    Krohn, R.L.3    Bagchi, M.4    Tran, M.X.5    Stohs, S.J.6
  • 7
    • 0035819763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of phenolic components of tea on the production of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines by human leukocytes in vitro
    • Crouvezier, S., Powell, B., Keir, D. and Yaqoob, P. (2001) "The effects of phenolic components of tea on the production of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines by human leukocytes in vitro", Cytokine 13, 280-286.
    • (2001) Cytokine , vol.13 , pp. 280-286
    • Crouvezier, S.1    Powell, B.2    Keir, D.3    Yaqoob, P.4
  • 8
    • 0035838446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short- and long-term black tea consumption reverses endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease
    • Duffy, S.J., Keaney, J.F. Jr, Holbrook, M., Gokce, N., Swerdloff, P.L., Frei, B. and Vita, J.A. (2001) "Short- and long-term black tea consumption reverses endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease", Circulation 104, 151-156.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 151-156
    • Duffy, S.J.1    Keaney J.F., Jr.2    Holbrook, M.3    Gokce, N.4    Swerdloff, P.L.5    Frei, B.6    Vita, J.A.7
  • 9
    • 0033526108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunostimulation by plant polyphenols: A relationship between tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and tannin structure
    • Feldman, K.S., Sahasrabudhe, K., Smith, R.S. and Scheuchenzuber, W.J. (1999) "Immunostimulation by plant polyphenols: a relationship between tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and tannin structure", Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 9, 985-990.
    • (1999) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.9 , pp. 985-990
    • Feldman, K.S.1    Sahasrabudhe, K.2    Smith, R.S.3    Scheuchenzuber, W.J.4
  • 11
    • 0000645722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor-beta and cardiovascular protection
    • Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York
    • Grainger, D.J. (1997) "Transforming growth factor-beta and cardiovascular protection", The Endothelium in Clinical Practice (Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York), pp 203-243.
    • (1997) The Endothelium in Clinical Practice , pp. 203-243
    • Grainger, D.J.1
  • 12
    • 0033004275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of procyanidins in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and chocolate using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
    • Hammerstone, J.F. Jr, Lazarus, S.A., Mitchell, A.E., Rucker, R. and Schmitz, H.H. (1999) "Identification of procyanidins in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and chocolate using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry", J. Agric. Food Chem. 47, 490-496.
    • (1999) J. Agric. Food Chem. , vol.47 , pp. 490-496
    • Hammerstone J.F., Jr.1    Lazarus, S.A.2    Mitchell, A.E.3    Rucker, R.4    Schmitz, H.H.5
  • 13
    • 0031320238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of tea catechins on the digestive tract
    • Hara, Y. (1997) "Influence of tea catechins on the digestive tract", J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl. 27, 52-58.
    • (1997) J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl. , vol.27 , pp. 52-58
    • Hara, Y.1
  • 16
    • 0028693764 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the TNF alpha gene
    • Jongeneel, C.V. (1994) "Regulation of the TNF alpha gene", Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 388, 367-381.
    • (1994) Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. , vol.388 , pp. 367-381
    • Jongeneel, C.V.1
  • 17
    • 0033862093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cocoa extracts on endothelium-dependent relaxation
    • Karim, M., McCormick, K. and Kappagoda, C.T. (2000) "Effects of cocoa extracts on endothelium-dependent relaxation", J. Nutr. 130, 2105S-2108S.
    • (2000) J. Nutr. , vol.130
    • Karim, M.1    McCormick, K.2    Kappagoda, C.T.3
  • 18
    • 0032996332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Humoral immune responses in periodontal disease may have mucosal and systemic immune features
    • Kinane, D.F., Lappin, D.F., Koulouri, O. and Buckley, A. (1999) "Humoral immune responses in periodontal disease may have mucosal and systemic immune features", Clin. Exp. Immunol. 115, 534-541.
    • (1999) Clin. Exp. Immunol. , vol.115 , pp. 534-541
    • Kinane, D.F.1    Lappin, D.F.2    Koulouri, O.3    Buckley, A.4
  • 19
    • 0036182939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that the antioxidant flavonoids in tea and cocoa are beneficial for cardiovascular health
    • Kris-Etherton, P.M. and Keen, C.L. (2002) "Evidence that the antioxidant flavonoids in tea and cocoa are beneficial for cardiovascular health", Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 13, 41-49.
    • (2002) Curr. Opin. Lipidol. , vol.13 , pp. 41-49
    • Kris-Etherton, P.M.1    Keen, C.L.2
  • 20
    • 0033589808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chocolate contains additional flavonoids not found in tea
    • Lazarus, S.A., Hammerstone, J.F. and Schmitz, H.H. (1999) "Chocolate contains additional flavonoids not found in tea", Lancet 354, 1825.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1825
    • Lazarus, S.A.1    Hammerstone, J.F.2    Schmitz, H.H.3
  • 21
    • 0033813219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of cardiac fibrosis by transforming growth factor-beta(1)
    • Lijnen, P.J., Petrov, V.V. and Fagard, R.H. (2000) "Induction of cardiac fibrosis by transforming growth factor-beta(1)", Mol. Genet. Metab. 71, 418-435.
    • (2000) Mol. Genet. Metab. , vol.71 , pp. 418-435
    • Lijnen, P.J.1    Petrov, V.V.2    Fagard, R.H.3
  • 23
    • 0032838294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of cocoa procyanidins on the transcription of interleukin-2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
    • Mao, T.K., Powell, J.J., van de Water, J., Keen, C.L., Schmitz, H.H. and Gershwin, M.E. (1999) "The influence of cocoa procyanidins on the transcription of interleukin-2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells", Int. J. Immunother. 15, 23-29.
    • (1999) Int. J. Immunother. , vol.15 , pp. 23-29
    • Mao, T.K.1    Powell, J.J.2    Van de Water, J.3    Keen, C.L.4    Schmitz, H.H.5    Gershwin, M.E.6
  • 24
    • 0034599153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of cocoa procyanidins on the transcription and secretion of interleukin 1b in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
    • Mao, T.K., Powell, J.J., van de Water, J., Keen, C.L., Schmitz, H.H., Hammerstone, J.F. and Gershwin, M.E. (2000a) "The effect of cocoa procyanidins on the transcription and secretion of interleukin 1b in peripheral blood mononuclear cells", Life Sci. 66, 1377-1386.
    • (2000) Life Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 1377-1386
    • Mao, T.K.1    Powell, J.J.2    Van de Water, J.3    Keen, C.L.4    Schmitz, H.H.5    Hammerstone, J.F.6    Gershwin, M.E.7
  • 25
    • 0033868284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocoa procyanidins and human cytokine transcription and secretion
    • Mao, T., van de Water, J., Keen, C.L., Schmitz, H.H. and Gershwin, M.E. (2000b) "Cocoa procyanidins and human cytokine transcription and secretion", J. Nutr. 130, 2093S-2099S.
    • (2000) J. Nutr. , vol.130
    • Mao, T.1    Van de Water, J.2    Keen, C.L.3    Schmitz, H.H.4    Gershwin, M.E.5
  • 26
    • 0033817933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of cocoa procyanidins on secretion of interleukin-4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
    • Mao, T.K., Powell, J.J., van de Water, J., Keen, C.L., Schmitz, H.H. and Gershwin, M.E. (2000c) "Effect of cocoa procyanidins on secretion of interleukin-4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells", J. Med. Foods 3, 107-114.
    • (2000) J. Med. Foods , vol.3 , pp. 107-114
    • Mao, T.K.1    Powell, J.J.2    Van de Water, J.3    Keen, C.L.4    Schmitz, H.H.5    Gershwin, M.E.6
  • 27
    • 0036011227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of cocoa flavanols and their related oligomers on the secretion of interleukin-5 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
    • Mao, T.K., van de Water, J., Keen, C.L., Schmitz, H.H. and Gershwin, M.E. (2002) "Effect of cocoa flavanols and their related oligomers on the secretion of interleukin-5 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells", J. Med. Foods 5, 17-22.
    • (2002) J. Med. Foods , vol.5 , pp. 17-22
    • Mao, T.K.1    Van de Water, J.2    Keen, C.L.3    Schmitz, H.H.4    Gershwin, M.E.5
  • 28
    • 0037227271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocoa flavonols and procyanidins promote transforming growth factor-beta1 homeostasis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
    • Mao, T.K., van de Water, J., Keen, C.L., Schmitz, H.H. and Gershwin, M.E. (2003) "Cocoa flavonols and procyanidins promote transforming growth factor-beta1 homeostasis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells", Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 228, 93-99.
    • (2003) Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) , vol.228 , pp. 93-99
    • Mao, T.K.1    Van de Water, J.2    Keen, C.L.3    Schmitz, H.H.4    Gershwin, M.E.5
  • 29
    • 0037080039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro therapeutic effect of epigallocatechin gallate on nicotine-induced impairment of resistance to Legionella pneumophila infection of established MH-S alveolar macrophages
    • Matsunaga, K., Klein, T.W., Friedman, H. and Yamamoto, Y. (2002) "In vitro therapeutic effect of epigallocatechin gallate on nicotine-induced impairment of resistance to Legionella pneumophila infection of established MH-S alveolar macrophages", J. Infect. Dis. 185, 229-236.
    • (2002) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.185 , pp. 229-236
    • Matsunaga, K.1    Klein, T.W.2    Friedman, H.3    Yamamoto, Y.4
  • 30
    • 0031911266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a radiochemical cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in vitro assay for identification of natural products as inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesis
    • Noreen, Y., Ringbom, T., Perera, P., Danielson, H. and Bohlin, L. (1998) "Development of a radiochemical cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in vitro assay for identification of natural products as inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesis", J. Nat. Prod. 61, 2-7.
    • (1998) J. Nat. Prod. , vol.61 , pp. 2-7
    • Noreen, Y.1    Ringbom, T.2    Perera, P.3    Danielson, H.4    Bohlin, L.5
  • 31
    • 0033976054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity of monomeric, dimeric, and trimeric flavonoids on NO production, TNF-alpha secretion and NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages
    • Park, Y.C., Rimbach, G., Saliou, C., Valacchi, G. and Packer, L. (2000) "Activity of monomeric, dimeric, and trimeric flavonoids on NO production, TNF-alpha secretion and NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages", FEBS Lett. 465, 93-97.
    • (2000) FEBS Lett. , vol.465 , pp. 93-97
    • Park, Y.C.1    Rimbach, G.2    Saliou, C.3    Valacchi, G.4    Packer, L.5
  • 32
    • 0034986128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of in vitro low-density lipoprotein oxidation by oligomeric procyanidins present in chocolate and cocoas
    • Pearson, D.A., Schmitz, H.H., Lazarus, S.A. and Keen, C.L. (2001) "Inhibition of in vitro low-density lipoprotein oxidation by oligomeric procyanidins present in chocolate and cocoas", Methods Enzymol. 335, 350-360.
    • (2001) Methods Enzymol. , vol.335 , pp. 350-360
    • Pearson, D.A.1    Schmitz, H.H.2    Lazarus, S.A.3    Keen, C.L.4
  • 36
    • 0029888128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids
    • Rice-Evans, C.A., Miller, N.J. and Paganga, G. (1996) "Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids", Free Radic. Biol. Med. 20, 933-956.
    • (1996) Free Radic. Biol. Med. , vol.20 , pp. 933-956
    • Rice-Evans, C.A.1    Miller, N.J.2    Paganga, G.3
  • 38
    • 0033396197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Could the airway epithelium play an important role in mucosal immunoglobulin A production?
    • Salvi, S. and Holgate, S.T. (1999) "Could the airway epithelium play an important role in mucosal immunoglobulin A production?", Clin. Exp. Allergy 29, 1597-1605.
    • (1999) Clin. Exp. Allergy , vol.29 , pp. 1597-1605
    • Salvi, S.1    Holgate, S.T.2
  • 39
    • 0031149619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyphenols in chocolate, which have antioxidant activity, modulate immune function in humans in vitro
    • Sanbongi, C., Suzuki, N. and Sakane, T. (1997) "Polyphenols in chocolate, which have antioxidant activity, modulate immune function in humans in vitro", Cell. Immunol. 177, 129-136.
    • (1997) Cell. Immunol. , vol.177 , pp. 129-136
    • Sanbongi, C.1    Suzuki, N.2    Sakane, T.3
  • 40
    • 0036299977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flavonoids of cocoa inhibit recombinant human 5-lipoxygenase
    • Schewe, T., Kuhn, H. and Sies, H. (2002) "Flavonoids of cocoa inhibit recombinant human 5-lipoxygenase", J. Nutr. 132, 1825-1829.
    • (2002) J. Nutr. , vol.132 , pp. 1825-1829
    • Schewe, T.1    Kuhn, H.2    Sies, H.3
  • 42
    • 0033533593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Purple grape juice improves endothelial function and reduces the susceptibility of LDL cholesterol to oxidation in patients with coronary artery disease
    • Stein, J.H., Keevil, J.G., Wiebe, D.A., Aeschlimann, S. and Folts, J.D. (1999) "Purple grape juice improves endothelial function and reduces the susceptibility of LDL cholesterol to oxidation in patients with coronary artery disease", Circulation 100, 1050-1055.
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.100 , pp. 1050-1055
    • Stein, J.H.1    Keevil, J.G.2    Wiebe, D.A.3    Aeschlimann, S.4    Folts, J.D.5
  • 43
    • 0036848525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocoa procyanidin chain length does not determine ability to protect LDL from oxidation when monomer units are controlled
    • Steinberg, F.M., Holt, R.R., Schmitz, H.H. and Keen, C.L. (2002) "Cocoa procyanidin chain length does not determine ability to protect LDL from oxidation when monomer units are controlled", J. Nutr. Biochem. 13, 645-652.
    • (2002) J. Nutr. Biochem. , vol.13 , pp. 645-652
    • Steinberg, F.M.1    Holt, R.R.2    Schmitz, H.H.3    Keen, C.L.4
  • 44
    • 0029152168 scopus 로고
    • Polyphenols as cancer chemopreventive agents
    • Stoner, G.D. and Mukhtar, H. (1995) "Polyphenols as cancer chemopreventive agents", J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl. 22, 169-180.
    • (1995) J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl. , vol.22 , pp. 169-180
    • Stoner, G.D.1    Mukhtar, H.2
  • 45
    • 0034495023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of cancer prevention by tea polyphenols based on inhibition of TNF-alpha expression
    • Suganuma, M., Sueoka, E., Sueoka, N., Okabe, S. and Fujiki, H. (2000) "Mechanisms of cancer prevention by tea polyphenols based on inhibition of TNF-alpha expression", Biofactors 13, 67-72.
    • (2000) Biofactors , vol.13 , pp. 67-72
    • Suganuma, M.1    Sueoka, E.2    Sueoka, N.3    Okabe, S.4    Fujiki, H.5
  • 46
    • 0032077158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procyanidins extracted from Pinus maritima (Pycnogenol): Scavengers of free radical species and modulators of nitrogen monoxide metabolism in activated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages
    • Virgili, F., Kobuchi, H. and Packer, L. (1998) "Procyanidins extracted from Pinus maritima (Pycnogenol): scavengers of free radical species and modulators of nitrogen monoxide metabolism in activated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages", Free Radic. Biol. Med. 24, 1120-1129.
    • (1998) Free Radic. Biol. Med. , vol.24 , pp. 1120-1129
    • Virgili, F.1    Kobuchi, H.2    Packer, L.3
  • 47
    • 0033561579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the wine polyphenolics quercetin and resveratrol on pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages
    • Wadsworth, T.L. and Koop, D.R. (1999) "Effects of the wine polyphenolics quercetin and resveratrol on pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages", Biochem. Pharmacol. 57, 941-949.
    • (1999) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.57 , pp. 941-949
    • Wadsworth, T.L.1    Koop, D.R.2
  • 48
    • 0033867144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dose-response effect from chocolate consumption on plasma epicatechin and oxidative damage
    • Wang, J.F., Schramm, D.D., Holt, R.R., Ensunsa, J.L., Fraga, C.G., Schmitz, H.H. and Keen, C.L. (2000) "A dose-response effect from chocolate consumption on plasma epicatechin and oxidative damage", J. Nutr. 130, 2115S-2119S.
    • (2000) J. Nutr. , vol.130
    • Wang, J.F.1    Schramm, D.D.2    Holt, R.R.3    Ensunsa, J.L.4    Fraga, C.G.5    Schmitz, H.H.6    Keen, C.L.7
  • 49
    • 0032411659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Green tea polyphenols block endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis factor-production and lethality in a murine model
    • Yang, F., de Villiers, W.J., McClain, C.J. and Varilek, G.W. (1998) "Green tea polyphenols block endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis factor-production and lethality in a murine model", J. Nutr. 128, 2334-2340.
    • (1998) J. Nutr. , vol.128 , pp. 2334-2340
    • Yang, F.1    De Villiers, W.J.2    McClain, C.J.3    Varilek, G.W.4
  • 50
    • 0034859081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate blocks nuclear factor-kappa B activation by inhibiting I kappa B kinase activity in the intestinal epithelial cell line IEC-6
    • Yang, F., Oz, H.S., Barve, S., de Villiers, W.J., McClain, C.J. and Varilek, G.W. (2001) "The green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate blocks nuclear factor-kappa B activation by inhibiting I kappa B kinase activity in the intestinal epithelial cell line IEC-6", Mol. Pharmacol. 60, 528-533.
    • (2001) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.60 , pp. 528-533
    • Yang, F.1    Oz, H.S.2    Barve, S.3    De Villiers, W.J.4    McClain, C.J.5    Varilek, G.W.6
  • 51
    • 0036586094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effects of cocoa flavanols and procyanidin oligomers on free radical-induced erythrocyte hemolysis
    • Zhu, Q.Y., Holt, R.R., Lazarus, S.A., Orozco, T.J. and Keen, C.L. (2002) "Inhibitory effects of cocoa flavanols and procyanidin oligomers on free radical-induced erythrocyte hemolysis", Exp. Biol. Med. 227, 321-329.
    • (2002) Exp. Biol. Med. , vol.227 , pp. 321-329
    • Zhu, Q.Y.1    Holt, R.R.2    Lazarus, S.A.3    Orozco, T.J.4    Keen, C.L.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.