Insights and treatment options for psychiatric disorders guided by functional MRI

Journal of Clinical Investigation

Volumn 112, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 10-18

  Sharma, Tonmoy ^a  

^a Clin Neuroscience Research Center   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; RISPERIDONE; OXYGEN;

BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; BRAIN FUNCTION; COGNITION; HUMAN; MENTAL DISEASE; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; BLOOD; BRAIN; LEARNING; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY;

BRAIN; COGNITION; HUMANS; LEARNING; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MENTAL DISORDERS; OXYGEN; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

EID: 0041302438     PISSN: 00219738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1172/JCI200319166     Document Type: Review

References (91)

1. Rund, B.R., and Borg, N.E. 1999. Cognitive deficits and cognitive training in schizophrenic patients: a review. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 100:85-95.
2. Hegarty, J.D., et al. 1994. One hundred years of schizophrenia: a metaanalysis of the outcome literature. Am. J. Psychiatry. 151:1409-1416.
3. Crow, T.J., Done, D.J., and Sacker, A. 1995. Childhood precursors of psychosis as clues to its evolutionary origins. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 245:61-69.
4. Friedman, J.I., et al. 2001. Six-year follow-up study of cognitive and functional status across the lifespan in schizophrenia: a comparison with Alzheimer's disease and normal aging. Am. J. Psychiatry. 158:1441-1448.
5. Palmer, B.W., et al. 1997. Is it possible to be schizophrenic yet neuropsychologically normal? Neuropsychology. 11:437-446.
6. Harvey, P.D., et al. 1996. Cognitive impairment and negative symptoms in geriatric chronic schizophrenic patients: a follow-up study. Schizophr. Res. 22:223-231.
7. Hughes, C., et al. 2003. Longitudinal study of symptoms and cognitive function in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 59:137-146.
8. Green, M.F. 1996. What are the functional consequences of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia? Am. J. Psychiatry. 153:321-330.
9. Kraepelin, E. 1919. Dementia praecox and paraphrenia. Robert E. Krieger Publishing Co. Huntington, New York, USA.
10. Selemon, L.D., Rajkowska, G., and Goldman-Rakic, P.S. 1995. Abnormally high neuronal density in the schizophrenic cortex: a morphometric analysis of prefrontal area 9 and occipital area 17. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 52:805-818.
11. Selemon, L.D., Rajkowska, G., and Goldman-Rakic, P.S. 1998. Elevated neuronal density in prefrontal area 46 in brains from schizophrenic patients: application of a three-dimensional, stereologic counting method. J. Comp. Neurol. 392:402-412.
12. Woo, T.U., et al. 1998. A subclass of prefrontal gamma-aminobutyric acid axon terminals are selectively altered in schizophrenia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95:5341-5346.
13. Akbarian, S., et al. 1996. Selective alterations in gene expression for NMDA receptor subunits in prefrontal cortex of schizophrenics. J. Neurosci. 16:19-30.
14. Benes, F.M. 1991. Deficits in small interneurons in prefrontal and cingulate cortices of schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 48:996-1001.
15. Ingvar, D.H., and Franzen, G. 1974. Abnormalities of cerebral blood flow distribution in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 50:425-462.
16. Taylor, S., Tandon, R., and Koeppe, R. 1997. PET study of greater visual activation in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 154:1296-1298.
17. Gur, R.C., and Gur, R.E. 1995. Hypofrontality in schizophrenia: RIP. Lancet. 345:1383-1340.
18. Weinberger, D.R., and Berman, K.F. 1996. Prefrontal function in schizophrenia: confounds and controversies. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 351:1495-1503.
19. Weinberger, D.R., Berman, K.F., and Zec, R.F. 1986. Physiologic dysfunction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. I. Regional cerebral blood flow evidence. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 43:114-124.
20. Yurgelun-Todd, D.A., et al. 1996. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of schizophrenic patients and comparison subjects during word production. Am. J. Psychiatry. 153:200-205.
21. Curtis, V.A., et al. 1998. Attenuated frontal activation during a verbal fluency task in patients with schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 155:1056-1063.
22. Volz, H., et al. 1999. Decreased frontal activation in schizophrenics during stimulation with the Continuous Performance Test: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Eur. Psychiatry. 14:17-24.
23. Barch, D., et al. 2001. Selective deficits in prefrontal cortex function in medication-naive patients with schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 58:280-288.
24. Callicott, J.H., et al. 1998. Functional magnetic resonance imaging brain mapping in psychiatry: methodological issues illustrated in a study of working memory in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 18:186-196.
25. Callicott, J.H., et al. 2000. Physiological dysfunction of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia revisited. Cereb. Cortex. 10:1078-1092.
26. Manoach, D.S., et al. 1999. Schizophrenic subjects activate dorsotateral prefrontal cortex during a working memory task, as measured by fMRI. Biol. Psychiatry. 45:1128-1137.
27. Manoach, D.S., et al. 2000. Schizophrenic subjects show aberrant fMR1 activation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia during working memory performance. Biol. Psychiatry. 48:99-109.
28. Curtis, V.A., et al. 1999. Attenuated frontal activation in schizophrenia may be task dependent. Schizophr. Res. 37:35-44.
29. Stevens, A.A., et al. 1998. Cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia during auditory word and tone working memory demonstrated by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 55:1097-1103.
30. Honey, G., Bullmore, E., and Sharma, T. 2001. De-coupling of cognitive performance and cerebral functional response during working memory in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 53:45-56.
31. Pinker, S. 1999. How the mind works. W.W. Norton and Co. New York, New York, USA. 660 pp.
32. Green, M.F., et al. 2000. Neurocognitive deficits and functional outcome in schizophrenia: are we measuring the "right stuff"? Schizophr. Bull. 26:119-136.
33. Mueser, K.T. 2000. Cognitive functioning, social adjustment and long-term outcome in schizophrenia. In Cognition in schizophrenia. T. Sharma and P. Harvey, editors. Oxford University Press. Oxford, United Kingdom. 157-177.
34. Russell, T.A., et al. 2000. Exploring the social brain in schizophrenia: left prefrontal underactivation during mental state attribution. Am. J. Psychiatry. 157:2040-2042.
35. Baron-Cohen, S., et al. 1999. Social intelligence in the normal and autistic brain: an fMRI study. Eur J. Neurosci. 11:1891-1898.
36. Harrison, P. 1999. The neuropathology of schizophrenia: a critical review of the data and their interpretation. Brain. 122:593-624.
37. Deakin, J.F.W. 1994. Neuropsychological implications of brain changes in schizophrenia. Psychopathology. 27:251-254.
38. Frith, C.D. 1996. Brain mechanisms for having a "theory of mind." J. Psychopharmacol. 19:9-15.
39. Goel, V., Grafman, J., Sadato, N., and Hallett, M. 1995. Modeling other minds. Neuroreport. 6:1741-1746.
40. Liddle, P.F., et al. 1992. Patterns of cerebral blood flow in scizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry. 160:179-186.
41. Silbersweig, D.A., et al. 1995. A functional neuroanatomy of hallucinations in schizophrenia. Nature. 378:176-179.
42. David, A.S., et al. 1996. Auditory hallucinations inhibit exogenous activation of auditory association cortex. Neuroreport. 7:932-936.
43. Woodruff, P.W.R., et al. 1997. Auditory hallucinations and the temporal cortical response to speech in schizophrenia: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Am. J. Psychiatry. 154:1676-1682.
44. Dierks, T., et al. 1999. Activation of Heschl's gyrus during auditory hallucinations. Neuron. 22:615-621.
45. Shergill, S.S., Brammer, M.J., Williams, S.C., Murray, R.M., and McGuire, P.K. 2000. Mapping auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 57:1033-1038.
46. Shergill, S.S., et al. 2003. Engagement of brain areas implicated in processing inner speech in people with auditory hallucinations. Br. J. Psychiatry. 182:525-531.
47. Sharma, T., and Sheringham, J. 2002. Brain imaging in psychiatry: what has it done for the patient? Hosp. Med. 63:326-327.
48. Bullmore, E., et al. 2000. How good is good enough in path analysis of fMRI data? Neuroimage. 11:289-301.
49. Graham, F.K. 1975. The more or less startling effects of weak prestimuli. Psychophysiology. 12:238-248.
50. Braff, D.L., and Geyer, M.A. 1990. Sensorimotor gating and schizophrenia: human and animal model studies. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 47:181-188.
51. Perry, W., Geyer, M.A., and Braff, D.L. 1999. Sensorimotor gating and thought disturbance measured in close temporal proximity in schizophrenic patients. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 56:277-281.
52. Dawson, M.E., Schell, A.M., Hazlett, E.A., Nuechterlein, K.H., and Filion, D.L. 2000. On the clinical and cognitive meaning of impaired sensorimotor gating in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 96:187-197.
53. Hoffman, H.S., and Ison, J.R. 1992. Reflex modification and the analysis of sensory processing in developmental and comparative research. In Attention and information processing in infants and adults: perspectives from human and animal research. B.A. Campbell, H. Hayne, and R. Richardson, editors. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc. Hillsdale, New Jersey, USA. 83-111.
54. Mongeluzi, D.L., Hoppe, T.A., and Frost, W.N. 1998. Prepulse inhibition of the Tritonia escape swim. J. Neurosci. 15:8467-8472.
55. Fendt, M., Liang, L., and Yeomans, J.S. 2001. Brain stem circuits mediating prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex. Psychopharmacology. 156:216-224.
56. Koch, M., and Schnitzler, H. 1997. The acoustic startle response in rats: circuits mediating evocation, inhibition and potentiation. Behav. Brain Res. 89:35-49.
57. Swerdlow, N.R., and Geyer, M.A. 1998. Using an animal model of deficient sensorimotor gating to study the pathophysiology and new treatments of schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 24:285-301.
58. Swerdlow, N.R., Geyer, M.A., and Braff, D.L. 2001. Neural circuit regulation of prepulse inhibition of startle in the rat: current knowledge and future challenges. Psychopharmacology. 156:194-215.
59. Braff, D.L., et al. 1978. Prestimulus effects in human startle reflex in normals and schizophrenics. Psychophysiology. 15:339-343.
60. Braff, D.L., Grillon, C., and Geyer, M.A. 1992. Gating and habituation of the startle reflex in schizophrenic patients. Arch Gen. Psychiatry. 49:206-215.
61. Braff, D.L., Swerdlow, N.R., and Geyer, M.A. 1999. Symptom correlates of prepulse inhibition deficits in male schizophrenic patients. Am. J. Psychiatry. 156:596-602.
62. Grillon, C., et al. 1992. Startle gating deficit occurs across prepulse intensities in schizophrenic patients. Biol. Psychiatry. 32:929-943.
63. Kumari, V., Soni, W., and Sharma, T. 1999 Normalization of information processing deficits in schizophrenia by dozapine. Am. J. Psychiatry. 156:1046-1051.
64. Kumari, V., Soni, W., Mathew, V.M., and Sharma, T. 2000. Prepulse inhibition of the startle response in men with schizophrenia: effects of age of onset of illness, symptoms, and medication. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 57:609-614.
65. Kumari, V., Soni, W., and Sharma, T. 2002. Prepulse inhibition of the startle response in risperidone-treated patients: comparison with typical antipsychotics. Schizophr. Res. 55:139-146.
66. Swerdlow, N.R., Filion, D., Geyer, M.A., and Braff, D.L. 1995. Normal personality correlates of sensorimotor, cognitive, and visuospatial gating. Biol. Psychiatry. 37:286-299.
67. Swerdlow, N.R., et al. 1993. A preliminary assessment of sensorimotor gating in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Biol. Psychiatry. 33:298-301.
68. Ornitz, E.M., Hanna, G.L., and de Traversay, J. 1992. Prestimulation-induced startle modulation in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and nocturnal enuresis. Psychophysiology. 29:437-451.
69. Castellanos, F.X., et al. 1996. Sensorimotor gating in boys with Tourette's syndrome and ADHD. Biol. Psychiatry. 39:33-41.
70. Kumari, V., et al. 2003. Neural correlates of tactile prepulse inhibition: a functional MRI study in normal and schizophrenic subjects. Psychiatry Res. 122:99-113.
71. Perry, W., and Braff, D. 1994. Information-processing deficits and thought disorder in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 151:363-367.
72. Hazlett, E.A., et al. 1998. Prefrontal cortex glucose metabolism and startle eyeblink modification abnormalities in unmedicated schizophrenia patients. Psychophysiology. 35:186-198.
73. Hazlett, E.A., et al. 2001. Thalamic activation during an attention-to-prepulse startle modification paradigm: a functional MRI study. Biol. Psychiatry. 50:281-291.
74. Gray, J.A., Feldon, J., Rawlins, J.N.P., Hemsley, D.R., and Smith, A.D. 1991. The neuropsychology of schizophrenia. Behav. Brain Sci. 14:1-84.
75. Pantelis, C., et al. 2003. Neuroanatomical abnormalities before and after onset of psychosis: a cross-sectional and longitudinal MRI comparison. Lancet. 361:281-288.
76. Lauer, M., Senitz, D., and Beckmann, H. 2001. Increased volume of the nucleus accumbens in schizophrenia. J. Neural Transm., 108:645-660.
77. Scarr, E., Copolov, D.L., and Dean, B. 2001. A proposed pathological model in the hippocampus of subjects with schizophrenia. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 28:70-73.
78. Shenton, M.E., Dickey, C.C., Frumin, M., and McCarley, R.W. 2001. A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 49:1-52.
79. Shihabuddin, L., et al. 2001. Striatal size and relative glucose metabolic rate in schizotypal personality disorder and schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 58:877-884.
80. Xiberas, X., et al. 2001. Extrastriatal and striatal D(2) dopamine receptor blockade with haloperidol or new antipsychotic drugs in patients with schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry. 179:503-508.
81. Cohen, N.J., and Squire, L.R. 1980. Preserved learning and knowledge of analyzing skills in amnesia: dissociation of knowing how and knowing what. Science. 201:207-209.
82. Squire, L.R., and Zola-Morgan, S. 1988. Memory: brain systems and behaviour. Trends Neurosci. 11:170-175.
83. Feldman, K.J., Kerr, B., and Streissguth, A.P. 1995. Correlational analysis of procedural and declarative learning performances. Intelligence. 20:87-114.
84. Kumari, V., et al. 2002. Procedural learning in schizophrenia: a functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation. Schizophr. Res. 57:97-107.
85. Grafton, S.T., Woods, R.P., and Tyszka, M. 1994. Functional imaging of procedural motor learning: relating cerebral flow with individual subject performance. Hum. Brain Mapp. 1:221-234.
86. Honey, G.D., et al. 1999. Differences in frontal cortical activation by a working memory task after substitution of risperidone for typical antipsychotic drugs in patients with schizophrenia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 96:13432-13437.
87. Stevens, A.A., Goldman-Rakic, P.S., Gore, J.C., Fulbright, R.K., and Wexler, B.E. 1998. Cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia during auditory word and tone working memory demonstrated by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 55:1097-1103.
88. Watanabe, M., Kodama, T., and Hikosaka, K. 1997. Increase of extracellular dopamine in primate prefrontal cortex during a working memory task. J. Neurophysiol. 78:2795-2798.
89. Hertel, P., Nomikos, G.G., Iurlo, M., and Svensson, T.H. 1996. Risperidone: regional effects in vivo on release and metabolism of dopamine and serotonin in the rat brain. Psychopharmacology. 124:74-86.
90. Sharma, T., and Chitnis, X. 2001. Brain imaging in schizophrenia: insights and applications. Remedica Publishing Ltd. London, United Kingdom. p. 51.
91. Meltzer, H.Y., and McGurk, S.R. 1999. The effects of dozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine on cognitive function in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 25:233-255.