메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 39, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 33-41

Sensorimotor gating in boys with Tourette's syndrome and ADHD: Preliminary results

Author keywords

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Blink reflex; Gating; Prepulse inhibition; Tourette's syndrome

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; GILLES DE LA TOURETTE SYNDROME; HUMAN; HYPERACTIVITY; IMMATURITY; MALE; PREPULSE INHIBITION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHOOL CHILD;

EID: 0030042613     PISSN: 00063223     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(95)00101-8     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (348)

References (68)
  • 2
    • 0024561725 scopus 로고
    • Sensory processing in the term and preterm infant: Use of reflex modification procedures
    • Anday EK, Cohen ME, Kelley NE, Hoffman HS (1989): Sensory processing in the term and preterm infant: use of reflex modification procedures. Dev Psychobiol 22:211-219.
    • (1989) Dev Psychobiol , vol.22 , pp. 211-219
    • Anday, E.K.1    Cohen, M.E.2    Kelley, N.E.3    Hoffman, H.S.4
  • 3
    • 0026777745 scopus 로고
    • Brain monoamines and amino acids in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome: A preliminary study of subcortical regions
    • Anderson GM, Pollak ES, Chatterjee D, Leckman JF, Riddle MA, Cohen DJ (1992): Brain monoamines and amino acids in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome: a preliminary study of subcortical regions (letter). Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:584-586.
    • (1992) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 584-586
    • Anderson, G.M.1    Pollak, E.S.2    Chatterjee, D.3    Leckman, J.F.4    Riddle, M.A.5    Cohen, D.J.6
  • 5
    • 0019182005 scopus 로고
    • Sensory experiences of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
    • Bliss J (1980): Sensory experiences of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Arch Gen Psychiatry 37:1343-1347.
    • (1980) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.37 , pp. 1343-1347
    • Bliss, J.1
  • 6
    • 0025941332 scopus 로고
    • The effect of an acoustic warning stimulus upon the electrically elicited blink reflex in humans
    • Boelhouwer AJW, Teurlings RJMA, Brunia CHM (1991): The effect of an acoustic warning stimulus upon the electrically elicited blink reflex in humans. Psychophysiology 28:133-139.
    • (1991) Psychophysiology , vol.28 , pp. 133-139
    • Boelhouwer, A.J.W.1    Teurlings, R.J.M.A.2    Brunia, C.H.M.3
  • 8
    • 0026581360 scopus 로고
    • Gating and habituation of the startle reflex in schizophrenic patients
    • Braff DL, Grillon C, Geyer MA (1992): Gating and habituation of the startle reflex in schizophrenic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:206-215.
    • (1992) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 206-215
    • Braff, D.L.1    Grillon, C.2    Geyer, M.A.3
  • 9
    • 0021276115 scopus 로고
    • Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome: An overview of clinical experience
    • Bruun RD (1984): Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome: An overview of clinical experience. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 23:126-133.
    • (1984) J Am Acad Child Psychiatry , vol.23 , pp. 126-133
    • Bruun, R.D.1
  • 11
    • 0028282774 scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in ADHD boys
    • Castellanos FX, Elia J, Kruesi MJP, et al (1994a): Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in ADHD boys. Psychiatry Res 52:305-316.
    • (1994) Psychiatry Res , vol.52 , pp. 305-316
    • Castellanos, F.X.1    Elia, J.2    Kruesi, M.J.P.3
  • 12
    • 0028080401 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative morphology of the caudate nucleus in attention-deficit hyper-activity disorder
    • Castellanos FX, Giedd JN, Eckburg P, et al (1994b): Quantitative morphology of the caudate nucleus in attention-deficit hyper-activity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 151:1791-1796.
    • (1994) Am J Psychiatry , vol.151 , pp. 1791-1796
    • Castellanos, F.X.1    Giedd, J.N.2    Eckburg, P.3
  • 13
    • 0007048998 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical and genetic studies of Tourette's syndrome: Implications for treatment and future research
    • Deutsch SI, Weizman A, Weizman R (eds), New York: Plenum Press
    • Chappell PB, Leckman JF, Pauls D, Cohen DJ (1990): Biochemical and genetic studies of Tourette's Syndrome: implications for treatment and future research. In Deutsch SI, Weizman A, Weizman R (eds), Application of Basic Neuroscience to Child Psychiatry. New York: Plenum Press, pp 241-260.
    • (1990) Application of Basic Neuroscience to Child Psychiatry , pp. 241-260
    • Chappell, P.B.1    Leckman, J.F.2    Pauls, D.3    Cohen, D.J.4
  • 14
  • 15
    • 0018226655 scopus 로고
    • Chronic multiple tics of Gilles de la Tourette's disease: CSF monoamine metabolites after probenecid administration
    • Cohen DJ, Shaywitz BA, Young JG, et al (1979): Chronic multiple tics of Gilles de la Tourette's disease: CSF monoamine metabolites after probenecid administration. Arch Gen Psychiatry 35:245-250.
    • (1979) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.35 , pp. 245-250
    • Cohen, D.J.1    Shaywitz, B.A.2    Young, J.G.3
  • 16
    • 0028012549 scopus 로고
    • Developmental psychopathology and neurobiology of Tourette's syndrome
    • Cohen DJ, Leckman JF (1994): Developmental psychopathology and neurobiology of Tourette's syndrome. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 33:2-15.
    • (1994) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.33 , pp. 2-15
    • Cohen, D.J.1    Leckman, J.F.2
  • 17
    • 0021269248 scopus 로고
    • Tourette's syndrome and attention deficit disorder: Are they genetically related?
    • Comings DE, Comings BG (1984): Tourette's syndrome and attention deficit disorder: are they genetically related? J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 23:138-146.
    • (1984) J Am Acad Child Psychiatry , vol.23 , pp. 138-146
    • Comings, D.E.1    Comings, B.G.2
  • 18
    • 0023623378 scopus 로고
    • A controlled study of Tourette syndrome. I. Attention deficit disorder, learning disorders, and school problems
    • Comings DE, Comings BG (1987a): A controlled study of Tourette syndrome. I. Attention deficit disorder, learning disorders, and school problems. Am J Hum Genet 41:701-741.
    • (1987) Am J Hum Genet , vol.41 , pp. 701-741
    • Comings, D.E.1    Comings, B.G.2
  • 19
    • 0023639082 scopus 로고
    • A controlled study of Tourette syndrome. VI. Early development, sleep problems, allergies, and handedness
    • Comings DE, Comings BG (1987b): A controlled study of Tourette Syndrome. VI. Early development, sleep problems, allergies, and handedness. Am J Hum Genet 41:822-838.
    • (1987) Am J Hum Genet , vol.41 , pp. 822-838
    • Comings, D.E.1    Comings, B.G.2
  • 21
    • 0025663097 scopus 로고
    • Intellectual, academic, and adaptive functioning of Tourette syndrome children with and without attention deficit disorder
    • Dykens E, Leckman JF, Riddle M, Hardin M, Schwartz S, Cohen D (1990): Intellectual, academic, and adaptive functioning of Tourette Syndrome children with and without Attention Deficit Disorder. J Abnorm Child Psychol 18:607-615.
    • (1990) J Abnorm Child Psychol , vol.18 , pp. 607-615
    • Dykens, E.1    Leckman, J.F.2    Riddle, M.3    Hardin, M.4    Schwartz, S.5    Cohen, D.6
  • 22
    • 0026060071 scopus 로고
    • Methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine treatments of hyperactivity: Are there true nonresponders?
    • Elia J, Borcherding BG, Rapoport JL, Keysor CS (1991): Methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine treatments of hyperactivity: Are there true nonresponders? Psychiatry Res 36:141-155.
    • (1991) Psychiatry Res , vol.36 , pp. 141-155
    • Elia, J.1    Borcherding, B.G.2    Rapoport, J.L.3    Keysor, C.S.4
  • 23
    • 0026587422 scopus 로고
    • The neostriatal mosaic: Multiple levels of compartmental organization in the basal ganglia
    • Gerfen CR (1992): The neostriatal mosaic: multiple levels of compartmental organization in the basal ganglia. Annu Rev Neurosci 15:285-320.
    • (1992) Annu Rev Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 285-320
    • Gerfen, C.R.1
  • 24
    • 0018056832 scopus 로고
    • Normative data on revised conners parent and teacher rating scales
    • Goyette CH, Conners CK, Ulrich RF (1978): Normative data on revised Conners Parent and Teacher Rating Scales. J Abnorm Child Psychol 6:221-236.
    • (1978) J Abnorm Child Psychol , vol.6 , pp. 221-236
    • Goyette, C.H.1    Conners, C.K.2    Ulrich, R.F.3
  • 26
    • 0027087246 scopus 로고
    • Startle gating deficits occur across prepulse intensities in schizophrenic patients
    • Grillon C, Ameli R, Charney DS, Krystal J, Braff D (1992): Startle gating deficits occur across prepulse intensities in schizophrenic patients. Biol Psychiatry 32:939-943.
    • (1992) Biol Psychiatry , vol.32 , pp. 939-943
    • Grillon, C.1    Ameli, R.2    Charney, D.S.3    Krystal, J.4    Braff, D.5
  • 27
    • 0025137162 scopus 로고
    • Lesch-Nyhan syndrome with delayed onset of self-mutilation: Hyperactivity of interneurons at the brainstem and blink reflex
    • Hatanaka T, Higashino H, Woo M, Yasuhara A, Sugimoto T, Kobayashi Y (1990): Lesch-Nyhan syndrome with delayed onset of self-mutilation: hyperactivity of interneurons at the brainstem and blink reflex. Acta Neurol Scand 81:184-187.
    • (1990) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.81 , pp. 184-187
    • Hatanaka, T.1    Higashino, H.2    Woo, M.3    Yasuhara, A.4    Sugimoto, T.5    Kobayashi, Y.6
  • 28
    • 0026079292 scopus 로고
    • Organization of striatopallidal, striatonigral, and nigrostriatal projections in the macaque
    • Hedreen JC, DeLong MR (1991): Organization of striatopallidal, striatonigral, and nigrostriatal projections in the macaque. J Comp Neurol 304:569-595.
    • (1991) J Comp Neurol , vol.304 , pp. 569-595
    • Hedreen, J.C.1    DeLong, M.R.2
  • 29
    • 0017644951 scopus 로고
    • Differentiating psychiatrically disturbed children on the basis of a structured interview
    • Herjanic B, Campbell W (1977): Differentiating psychiatrically disturbed children on the basis of a structured interview. J Abnorm Child Psychol 5:127-134.
    • (1977) J Abnorm Child Psychol , vol.5 , pp. 127-134
    • Herjanic, B.1    Campbell, W.2
  • 30
    • 0028169945 scopus 로고
    • 2 dopamine receptor antagonists reverse prepulse inhibition deficits in an animal model of schizophrenia
    • 2 dopamine receptor antagonists reverse prepulse inhibition deficits in an animal model of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology 115:447-453.
    • (1994) Psychopharmacology , vol.115 , pp. 447-453
    • Hoffman, D.C.1    Donovan, H.2
  • 31
    • 0018991381 scopus 로고
    • Reflex modification in the domain of startle: I. Some empirical findings and their implications for how the nervous system processes sensory input
    • Hoffman HS, Ison JR (1980): Reflex modification in the domain of startle: I. Some empirical findings and their implications for how the nervous system processes sensory input. Psychol Rev 87:175-189.
    • (1980) Psychol Rev , vol.87 , pp. 175-189
    • Hoffman, H.S.1    Ison, J.R.2
  • 33
    • 0025310919 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the cutaneous eyeblink reflex by unilateral and bilateral acoustic input: The persistence of contralateral antagonism in auditory processing
    • Ison JR, Pinckney LA (1990a): Inhibition of the cutaneous eyeblink reflex by unilateral and bilateral acoustic input: the persistence of contralateral antagonism in auditory processing. Perception & Psychophysics 47:337-341.
    • (1990) Perception & Psychophysics , vol.47 , pp. 337-341
    • Ison, J.R.1    Pinckney, L.A.2
  • 34
    • 0025089680 scopus 로고
    • Facilitation and inhibition of the human startle blink reflexes by stimulus anticipation
    • Ison JR, Sanes JN, Foss JA, Pinckney LA (1990b): Facilitation and inhibition of the human startle blink reflexes by stimulus anticipation. Behav Neurosci 104:418-429.
    • (1990) Behav Neurosci , vol.104 , pp. 418-429
    • Ison, J.R.1    Sanes, J.N.2    Foss, J.A.3    Pinckney, L.A.4
  • 35
    • 0027382849 scopus 로고
    • Tourette's syndrome and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Evidence for a genetic relationship
    • Knell ER, Comings DE (1993): Tourette's syndrome and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: evidence for a genetic relationship. J Clin Psychiatry 54:331-337.
    • (1993) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.54 , pp. 331-337
    • Knell, E.R.1    Comings, D.E.2
  • 36
    • 0020818437 scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: Implications for clinical practice and future research
    • Leckman JF, Cohen DJ (1983): Recent advances in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: implications for clinical practice and future research. Psychiatr Dev 3:301-316.
    • (1983) Psychiatr Dev , vol.3 , pp. 301-316
    • Leckman, J.F.1    Cohen, D.J.2
  • 37
    • 18344413003 scopus 로고
    • Nongenetic factors in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
    • Leckman JF, Price RA, Ort S (1987): Nongenetic factors in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44:100.
    • (1987) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.44 , pp. 100
    • Leckman, J.F.1    Price, R.A.2    Ort, S.3
  • 38
    • 0024311697 scopus 로고
    • The yale global tic severity scale: Initial testing of a clinician-rated scale of tic severity
    • Leckman JF, Riddle MA, Hardin MT, et al (1989): The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale: initial testing of a clinician-rated scale of tic severity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 28:566-573.
    • (1989) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.28 , pp. 566-573
    • Leckman, J.F.1    Riddle, M.A.2    Hardin, M.T.3
  • 41
    • 0021266275 scopus 로고
    • Focal cerebral hypoperfusion in children with dysphasia and/or attention deficit disorder
    • Lou HC, Henriksen L, Bruhn P (1984): Focal cerebral hypoperfusion in children with dysphasia and/or attention deficit disorder. Arch Neurol 41:825-829.
    • (1984) Arch Neurol , vol.41 , pp. 825-829
    • Lou, H.C.1    Henriksen, L.2    Bruhn, P.3
  • 42
    • 0021011163 scopus 로고
    • Anatomical and functional organization of reflexes involving the trigeminal system in man: Jaw reflex, blink reflex, corneal reflex, and exteroceptive suppression
    • Desmedt JE (ed), New York: Raven Press
    • Ongerboer de Visser BW (1983): Anatomical and functional organization of reflexes involving the trigeminal system in man: jaw reflex, blink reflex, corneal reflex, and exteroceptive suppression. In Desmedt JE (ed), Motor Control Mechanisms in Health and Disease. New York: Raven Press, pp 727-738.
    • (1983) Motor Control Mechanisms in Health and Disease , pp. 727-738
    • Ongerboer De Visser, B.W.1
  • 44
    • 0025001879 scopus 로고
    • Maturation of startle facilitation by sustained prestimulation
    • Ornitz EM, Guthrie D, Lane SJ, Sugiyama T (1990): Maturation of startle facilitation by sustained prestimulation. Psychophysiology 27:298-308.
    • (1990) Psychophysiology , vol.27 , pp. 298-308
    • Ornitz, E.M.1    Guthrie, D.2    Lane, S.J.3    Sugiyama, T.4
  • 46
    • 0026795677 scopus 로고
    • Prestimulation-induced startle modulation in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and nocturnal enuresis
    • Ornitz EM, Hanna GL, De Traversay J (1992): Prestimulation-induced startle modulation in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and nocturnal enuresis. Psychophysiology 29:437-451.
    • (1992) Psychophysiology , vol.29 , pp. 437-451
    • Ornitz, E.M.1    Hanna, G.L.2    De Traversay, J.3
  • 47
    • 0018378168 scopus 로고
    • Development of the acoustic startle response in the rat: Ontogenetic changes in the magnitude of inhibition by prepulse stimulation
    • Parisi T, Ison JR (1979): Development of the acoustic startle response in the rat: ontogenetic changes in the magnitude of inhibition by prepulse stimulation. Dev Psychobiol 12:219-230.
    • (1979) Dev Psychobiol , vol.12 , pp. 219-230
    • Parisi, T.1    Ison, J.R.2
  • 48
  • 49
    • 0021264909 scopus 로고
    • The risk of Tourette's syndrome and chronic multiple tics among relatives of Tourette's syndrome patients obtained by direct interview
    • Pauls DL, Kruger SD, Leckman JF, Cohen DJ, Kidd KK (1984b): The risk of Tourette's Syndrome and chronic multiple tics among relatives of Tourette's Syndrome patients obtained by direct interview. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 23:134-137.
    • (1984) J Am Acad Child Psychiatry , vol.23 , pp. 134-137
    • Pauls, D.L.1    Kruger, S.D.2    Leckman, J.F.3    Cohen, D.J.4    Kidd, K.K.5
  • 50
    • 0022515798 scopus 로고
    • The inheritence of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome and associated behaviors: Evidence for autosomal dominant transmission
    • Pauls DL, Leckman JF (1986): The inheritence of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome and associated behaviors: evidence for autosomal dominant transmission. N Engl J Med 315:993-997.
    • (1986) N Engl J Med , vol.315 , pp. 993-997
    • Pauls, D.L.1    Leckman, J.F.2
  • 51
    • 0027221011 scopus 로고
    • Familial relationship between Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, attention deficit disorder, learning disabilities, speech disorders, and stuttering
    • Pauls DL, Leckman JF, Cohen DJ (1993): Familial relationship between Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, attention deficit disorder, learning disabilities, speech disorders, and stuttering. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 32:1044-1050.
    • (1993) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.32 , pp. 1044-1050
    • Pauls, D.L.1    Leckman, J.F.2    Cohen, D.J.3
  • 52
    • 0027174922 scopus 로고
    • Reduced basal ganglia volumes in Tourette's syndrome using three-dimensional reconstruction techniques from magnetic resonance images
    • Peterson B, Riddle MA, Cohen DJ, et al (1993): Reduced basal ganglia volumes in Tourette's syndrome using three-dimensional reconstruction techniques from magnetic resonance images. Neurology 43:941-949.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 941-949
    • Peterson, B.1    Riddle, M.A.2    Cohen, D.J.3
  • 53
    • 0028316166 scopus 로고
    • Gilles de la Tourette syndrome - An update
    • Robertson MM (1994): Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome - an update. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 35:597-611.
    • (1994) J Child Psychol Psychiatry , vol.35 , pp. 597-611
    • Robertson, M.M.1
  • 55
    • 0025938404 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal dopamine uptake sites in postmortem striatum from patients with Tourette's syndrome
    • Singer HS, Hahn IH, Moran TH (1991): Abnormal dopamine uptake sites in postmortem striatum from patients with Tourette's syndrome. Ann Neurol 30:558-562.
    • (1991) Ann Neurol , vol.30 , pp. 558-562
    • Singer, H.S.1    Hahn, I.H.2    Moran, T.H.3
  • 56
    • 0027287724 scopus 로고
    • Volumetric MRI changes in basal ganglia of children with Tourette's syndrome
    • Singer HS, Reiss AL, Brown JE, et al (1993): Volumetric MRI changes in basal ganglia of children with Tourette's Syndrome. Neurology 43:950-956.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 950-956
    • Singer, H.S.1    Reiss, A.L.2    Brown, J.E.3
  • 57
    • 0024323417 scopus 로고
    • Abnormalities of the blink reflex in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
    • Smith SJM, Lees AJ (1989): Abnormalities of the blink reflex in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 52:895-898.
    • (1989) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 895-898
    • Smith, S.J.M.1    Lees, A.J.2
  • 59
    • 0022470792 scopus 로고
    • Central dopamine hyperactivity in rats mimics abnormal acoustic startle response in schizophrenics
    • Swerdlow NR, Braff DL, Geyer MA, Koob GF (1986): Central dopamine hyperactivity in rats mimics abnormal acoustic startle response in schizophrenics. Biol Psychiatry 21:23-33.
    • (1986) Biol Psychiatry , vol.21 , pp. 23-33
    • Swerdlow, N.R.1    Braff, D.L.2    Geyer, M.A.3    Koob, G.F.4
  • 61
    • 0026036186 scopus 로고
    • Effects of spiperone, raclopride, SCH23390 and clozapine on apomorphine inhibition of sensorimotor gating of the startle response in the rat
    • Swerdlow NR, Keith VA, Braff DL, Geyer MA (1991b): Effects of spiperone, raclopride, SCH23390 and clozapine on apomorphine inhibition of sensorimotor gating of the startle response in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 256:530-536.
    • (1991) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.256 , pp. 530-536
    • Swerdlow, N.R.1    Keith, V.A.2    Braff, D.L.3    Geyer, M.A.4
  • 62
    • 0026667352 scopus 로고
    • Regionally selective effects of intracerebral dopamine infusion on sensorimotor gating of the startle reflex in rats
    • Swerdlow NR, Caine SB, Geyer MA (1992): Regionally selective effects of intracerebral dopamine infusion on sensorimotor gating of the startle reflex in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 108:189-195.
    • (1992) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.108 , pp. 189-195
    • Swerdlow, N.R.1    Caine, S.B.2    Geyer, M.A.3
  • 63
    • 0027503379 scopus 로고
    • A preliminary assessment of sensorimotor gating in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder
    • Swerdlow NR, Benbow CH, Zisook S, Geyer MA, Braff DL (1993a): A preliminary assessment of sensorimotor gating in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 33:298-301.
    • (1993) Biol Psychiatry , vol.33 , pp. 298-301
    • Swerdlow, N.R.1    Benbow, C.H.2    Zisook, S.3    Geyer, M.A.4    Braff, D.L.5
  • 64
    • 0002548677 scopus 로고
    • Limbic cortico-striato-pallido-pontine substrates of sensorimotor gating in animal models of psychiatric disease
    • Kalivas PW, Barnes CD, (eds), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
    • Swerdlow NR, Braff DL, Caine SB, Geyer MA (1993b): Limbic cortico-striato-pallido-pontine substrates of sensorimotor gating in animal models of psychiatric disease. In Kalivas PW, Barnes CD, (eds), Limbic Motor Circuits and Neuropsychiatry. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp 311-328.
    • (1993) Limbic Motor Circuits and Neuropsychiatry , pp. 311-328
    • Swerdlow, N.R.1    Braff, D.L.2    Caine, S.B.3    Geyer, M.A.4
  • 66
    • 0016679073 scopus 로고
    • Conners' teacher rating scale for use in drug studies with children - An empirical study
    • Werry JS, Sprague RL, Cohen MN (1975): Conners' Teacher Rating Scale for use in drug studies with children - an empirical study. J Abnorm Child Psychol 3:217-229.
    • (1975) J Abnorm Child Psychol , vol.3 , pp. 217-229
    • Werry, J.S.1    Sprague, R.L.2    Cohen, M.N.3
  • 67
    • 0027343339 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of Parkinsonian motor abnormalities
    • Narabayashi H, Nagatsu T, Yanagisawa N, Mizuno Y, (eds), New York: Raven Press
    • Wichmann T, DeLong MR (1993): Pathophysiology of Parkinsonian motor abnormalities. In Narabayashi H, Nagatsu T, Yanagisawa N, Mizuno Y, (eds), Advances in Neurology, Vol 60, New York: Raven Press, pp 53-61.
    • (1993) Advances in Neurology , vol.60 , pp. 53-61
    • Wichmann, T.1    DeLong, M.R.2
  • 68
    • 0025203186 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral glucose metabolism in adults with hyperactivity of childhood onset
    • Zametkin AJ, Nordahl TE, Gross M, et al (1990): Cerebral glucose metabolism in adults with hyperactivity of childhood onset. N Engl J Med 323:1361-1366.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.323 , pp. 1361-1366
    • Zametkin, A.J.1    Nordahl, T.E.2    Gross, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.