Cancer-related cachexia and oxidative stress: Beyond current therapeutic options

Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy

Volumn 3, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 381-392

  Mantovani, Giovanni ^a   Macciò, Antonio ^b   Madeddu, Clelia ^a   Massa, Elena ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAGLIARI   (Italy)

^b Sirai Hospital   (Italy)

Author keywords

Cancer related anorexia cachexia syndrome; COX 2 inhibitors; Dier; Innovative treatment approach; Lean body mass; Oxidative stress; Pharmaconutritional support; Progestagens; Proinflammatory cytokines; Quality of life

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BRANCHED CHAIN AMINO ACID; CELECOXIB; CISPLATIN; CLENBUTEROL; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOOXYGENASE 1; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2; DEXAMETHASONE; GAMMA INTERFERON; GESTAGEN; IBUPROFEN; INDOMETACIN; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 6; LEPTIN; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE; MEGESTROL ACETATE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; NEUROPEPTIDE Y; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; PREDNISOLONE; PROSTAGLANDIN; ROFECOXIB; SALMETEROL XINAFOATE; THALIDOMIDE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ADULT; AGED; ANOREXIA; ANTIEMETIC ACTIVITY; BODY WEIGHT DISORDER; CACHEXIA; CLINICAL FEATURE; COLON CANCER; CYTOKINE RELEASE; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM INJURY; ENZYME INHIBITION; FEMALE; FOOD INTAKE; HEAD AND NECK CANCER; HUMAN; LEAN BODY WEIGHT; MALE; METABOLIC DISORDER; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; WEIGHT GAIN; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

EID: 0037869337     PISSN: 14737140     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/14737140.3.3.381     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Heber D, Byerley LO, Chi J. Pathophysiology of malnutrition in the adult cancer patient. Cancer 58(8), 1867-1873 (1986).
2. Bruera E. Clinical management of anorexia and cachexia in patients with advanced cancer. Oncology 49(2), 35-42 (1992).
3. Brennan MR. Uncomplicated starvation versus cancer cachexia. Cancer Res. 37(7), 2359-2364 (1977).
4. Nelson K, Walsh D. Management of the anorexia/cachexia syndrome. Cancer Bull. 43, 403-406 (1991).
5. Tisdale MJ. Cancer cachexia: metabolic alterations and clinical manifestations. Nutrition 13(1), 1-7 (1997).
6. Bruera E. ABC of palliative care. Anorexia, cachexia and nutrition. Br. Med. J. 315(7117),1219-1222 (1997).
7. Devereaux DF, Redgrave TG, Tilton M et al. Intolerance to administered lipids in tumor bearing animals. Surgery 100, 292-297 (1984).
8. Vlassara H, Spiegel RJ, San Doval D, Cerami A. Reduced plasma lipoprotein lipase activity in patients with malignancy-associated weight loss. Horm. Metab. Res. 18(10), 698-703 (1986).
9. Moldawer LL, Gelin J, Schersten T, Lundholm KG. Circulating interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor during inflammation. Am. J. Physiol. 253(6), R922-R928 (1987).
10. Strassmann G, Fong M, Kenney JS, Jacob CO. Evidence for the involvement of interleukin-6 in experimental cancer cachexia. J. Clin. Invest. 89(5), 1681-1684 (1992).
11. Busbridge J, Dascombe MJ, Hoopkins S. Acute central effects of interleukin-6 on body temperature, thermogenesis and food intake in the rat. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 38, 48A (1989).
12. Gelin J, Moldawer LL, Lonnroth C, Sherry B, Chizzonite R, Lundholm K. Role of endogenous tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1 for experimental tumor growth and the development of cancer cachexia. Cancer Res. 51(1), 415-421 (1991).
13. McLaughlin CL, Rogan GJ, Tou J, Baile CA, Joy WD. Food intake and body temperature responses of rat to recombinant interleukin-1β and a tripeptide interleukin-1β antagonist. Physiol. Behav. 52(6), 1155-1160 (1992).
14. Noguchi Y, Yoshikawa T, Matsumoto A, Svaninger G, Gelin J. Are cytokines possible mediators of cancer cachexia? Surg. Today 26(7), 467-475 (1996).
15. Sherry BA, Gelin J, Fong Y. Anticachectin/tumor necrosis factor-α antibodies attenuate development of cancer cachexia. Cancer Res. 51, 415-421 (1991).
16. Matthys P, Billiau A. Cytokines and cachexia. Nutrition 13(9), 763-770 (1997).
17. Cavalli G, Goldhirsch A, Jungi F et al. Randomized trial of low- versus high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate in the treatment of postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. In: Role of medroxyprogesterone in endocrine-related tumors. Pellegrini A, Robustelli Della Cuna G (Eds). Raven Press, NY, USA 79-89 (1984).
18. Tchekmedyian NS, Tait N, Moody M, Aisner J. High-dose megestrol acetate: a possible treatment for cachexia. JAMA 257(9), 1195-1198 (1987).
19. McCarthy HD, Crowder RE, Dryden S, Williams G. Megestrol acetate stimulates food and water intake in the rat: effects on regional hypothalamic neuropeptide Y concentrations. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 265(1-2), 99-102 (1994).
20. Mantovani G, Macciò A, Bianchi A et al. Megestrol acetate in neoplastic anorexia/cachexia: clinical evaluation and comparison with cytokine levels in patients with head and neck carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Int. J. Clin. Lab. Res. 25(3), 135-141 (1995).
21. Mantovani G, Macciò A, Esu S et al. Medroxyprogesterone acetate reduces the in vitro production of cytokines and serotonin involved in anorexia/cachexia and emesis by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of cancer patients. Eur. J. Cancer 33(4), 602-607 (1997).
22. Mantovani G, Macciò A, Lai P et al. Cytokine activity in cancer-related anorexia/cachexia: role of megestrol acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate. Semin. Oncol. 2(Suppl. 6), 45-52 (1998).
23. Mantovani G, Maccio A, Massa E, Madeddu C. Managing cancer-related anorexia/cachexia. Drugs 61(4), 499-514 (2001).
24. Gagnon B, Bruera E. A review of the drug treatment of cachexia associated with cancer. Drugs 55(5), 675-688 (1998).
25. Simons JPFHA, Aaronson NK, Vansteenkiste JF et al. Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on appetite, weight and quality of life in advanced-stage nonhormone-sensitive cancer: a placebo-controlled multicenter study. J. Clin. Oncol. 14(4), 1077-1084 (1996).
26. Ottery FD, Walsh D, Strawford A. Pharmacologic management of anorexia/cachexia. Semin. Oncol. 25(2)(Suppl. 6), 35-44 (1998).
27. De Vita VT Jr, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA. Cancer principles and practice of oncology, 5th edition. Lippincott-Raven Publishers, Philadelphia, PA, USA (1997).
28. Watanabe S, Bruera E. Corticosteroids as adjuvant analgesics. J. Pain Symptom Manage. 9(7), 442-445 (1994).
29. Fuinsinger R. Pharmacological approach to cancer anorexia and cachexia. In: Cachexia-anorexia in cancer patients. Bruera E, Higginson I (Eds). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 128-140 (1996).
30. Plata-Salaman CR. Dexamethasone inhibits food intake suppression induced by low doses of interleukin-1β administered intracerebroventricularly. Brain Res. Bull. 27(5), 737-738 (1991).
31. Uehara A, Sekiya C, Takasugi Y, Namiki M, Arimura A. Anorexia induced by interleukin-1: involvement of corticotropin-releasing factor. Am. J. Physiol. 257(3), R613-R617 (1989).
32. Han J, Thompson P, Beutler B. Dexamethasone and pentoxyfylline inhibit endotoxin-induced cachectin/tumor necrosis factor synthesis at separate points in the signaling pathway. J. Exp. Med. 172(1), 391-394 (1990).
33. Wigmore SJ, Falconer JS, Plester CE et al. Ibuprofen reduces energy expenditure and acute-phase protein production compared with placebo in pancreatic cancer patients. Br. J. Cancer 72(1), 185-188 (1995).
34. McMillan DC, O'Gorman P, Fearon KC, McArdle CS. A pilot study of megestrol acetate and ibuprofen in the treatment of cachexia in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Br. J. Cancer 76(6), 788-790 (1997).
35. Lundholm K, Gelin J, Hyltander A et al. Anti-inflammatory treatment may prolong survival in undernourished patients with metastatic solid tumors. Cancer Res. 54(21), 5602-5606 (1994).
36. Masferrer JL, Leahy KM, Koki AT et al. Antiangiogenic and antitumor activities of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Cancer Res. 60(5), 1306-1311 (2000).
37. Reddy BS, Hirose Y, Lubet R et al. Chemoprevention of colon cancer by specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, administered during different stages of carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 60(2), 293-297 (2000).
38. Lissoni P, Paolorossi F, Tancini G et al. Is there a role for melatonin in the treatment of neoplastic cachexia? Eur. J. Cancer 32A(8), 1340-1343 (1996).
39. Lissoni P, Barni S, Tancini G et al. Role of the pineal gland in he control of macrophage functions and its possible implication in cancer: a study of interactions between tumor necrosis factor-α and the pineal hormone melatonin. J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents 8(4), 126-129 (1994).
40. Purasiri P, Murray A, Richardson S, Heys SD, Horrobin D, Eremin O. Modulation of cytokine production in vivo by dietary essential fatty acids in patients with colorectal cancer. Clin. Sci. 87(6), 711-717 (1994).
41. Wigmore SJ, Ross JA, Falconer JS et al. The effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the progress of cachexia in patients with pancreatic cancer. Nutrition 12(1), S27-S30 (1996).
42. Wigmore SJ, Fearon KC, Maingay JP, Ross JA. Downregulation of the acute-phase response in patients with pancreatic cancer cachexia receiving oral eicosopentaenoic acid is mediated via suppression of interleukin-6. Clin. Sci. 92(2), 215-221 (1997).
43. Carbo N, Lopez-Soriano J, Tarrago T et al. Comparative effects of β2-adrenergic agonists on muscle waste associated with tumor growth. Cancer Lett. 115(1), 113-118 (1997).
44. Hoffman RJ, Hoffman RS, Freyberg CL, et al. Clenbuterol ingestion causing prolonged tachycardia, hypokalemia and hypophosphatemia with confirmation by quantitative levels. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 39(4), 339-344 (2001).
45. Ziegler TR, Wilmore DW. Anabolic effects of growth hormone administration in adults. In: Growth hormone and somatomedins during lifespan. Müller EE, Cocchi D, Locatelli V (Eds). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 312-328 (1993).
46. Froesch ER, Schmid C, Schwander J, Zapf J. Actions of insulin-like growth factors. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 47, 443-467 (1985).
47. Tayek JA, Brasel JA. Failure of anabolism in malnourished cancer patients receiving growth hormone: a clinical research center study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 80(7), 2082-2087 (1995).
48. Ottery FD. Supportive nutritional management of the patient with pancreatic cancer. Oncology 10(Suppl. 9), 26-32 (1996).
49. Argiles JM, Meijsing SH, Pallares-Trujillo J, Guirao X, Lopez-Soriano FJ. Cancer cachexia: a therapeutic approach. Med. Res. Rev. 21(1), 83-101 (2001).
50. Cangiano C, Laviano A, Meguid MM et al. Effects of administration of oral branched-chain amino acids on anorexia and caloric intake in cancer patients. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 88(8), 550-552 (1996).
51. Gutierrez-Rodriguez O. Thalidomide: a promising new treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 27(10), 1118-1121 (1984).
52. Atra S, Sato EI. Treatment of cutaneous lesions of systemic lupus erythematosus with thalidomide. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 11(5), 487-493 (1993).
53. Vogelzang GB, Farmer ER, Hess AD et al. Thalidomide for the treatment of chronic graft versus host disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 326(16), 1055-1058 (1992).
54. Tramontana JM, Utaipat U, Molloy A et al. Thalidomide treatment reduces tumor necrosis factor-α and enhances virus Type 1 and M. tuberculosis infection. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. 11(3), 247-257 (1996).
55. D'Amato RJ, Loughnan MS, Flynn E et al. Thalidomide is an inhibitor of angiogenesis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91, 4082-4085 (1994).
56. Minchinton AI, Fryer KH, Wendt KR, Clow KA, Hayes MM. The effect of thalidomide on experimental tumors and metastases. Anticancer Drugs 7(3), 339-343 (1996).
57. Gutman M, Szold A, Ravid A, Lazauskas T, Merimsky O, Klausner JM. Failure of thalidomide to inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo. Anticancer Res. 16(6B), 3673-3677 (1996).
58. Higdon JV, Frei B. Tea catechins and polyphenols: health effects, metabolism and antioxidant functions. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 43(1), 89-143 (2003).
59. Mantovari G, Maccio A, Melis G, Mura L, Massa E, Mudu MC. Restoration of functional defects in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from cancer patients by thiol antioxidants α-lipoic acid and N-acetyl cysteine. Int. J. Cancer 86(6), 842-847 (2000).
60. Mantovani G, Maccio A, Madeddu C et al. Quantitative evaluation of oxidative stress, chronic inflammatory indices and leptin in cancer patients: correlation with stage and performance status. Int. J. Cancer 98(1), 84-91 (2002).
61. Mantovani G, Maccio A, Madeddu C et al. The impact of different antioxidant agents alone or in combination on reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzymes and cytokines in a series of advanced cancer patients at different sites: correlation with disease progression. Free Radic. Res. 37(2), 213-223 (2003).
62. Schwartz MW, Dallman MF, Woods SC. Hypothalamic response to starvation: implications for the study of wasting disorders. Am. J. Physiol. 269(5), 949-957 (1995).
63. Schwartz MW, Seeley RJ. Neuroendocrine responses to starvation and weight loss. N. Engl. J. Med. 336(25), 1802-1811 (1997).
64. Inui A. Feeding and bodyweight regulation by hypothalamic neuropeptides: mediation of the actions of leptin. Trends Neurosci. 22(2), 62-67 (1999).
65. Marks DL, Ling N, Cone RD. Role of the central melanocortin system in cachexia. Cancer Res. 61(4), 1432-1438 (2001).
66. Ahima RS, Prabakaran D, Mantzoros C et al. Role of leptin in the neuroendocrine response to fasting. Nature 382(6588), 250-252 (1996).
67. Nelson KA. The cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome. Semin. Oncol. 27(1), 64-68 (2000).
68. Loprinzi CL, Kugler JW, Sloan JA et al. Randomized comparison of megestrol acetate versus dexamethasone versus fluoxymesterone for the treatment of cancer anorexia/cachexia. J. Clin. Oncol. 17(10), 3299-3306 (1999).
69. Nitenberg G, Raynard B. Nutritional support of the cancer patient: issues and dilemmas. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 34(3), 137-168 (2000).
70. Inui A. Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome: are neuropeptides the key? Cancer Res. 59(18), 4493-4501 (1999).
71. Kotler DP. Cachexia. Ann. Intern. Med. 133(8), 622-634 (2000).
72. MacDonald N. Cachexia-anorexia workshop: introduction. Nutrition 16(10), 1007-1008 (2000).
73. Lechan RM, Tatro JB. Hypothalamic melanocortin signaling in cachexia. Endocrinology 142(8), 3288-3291 (2001).
74. Argiles JM, Meijsing SH, Pallares-Trujillo J, Guirao X, Lopez-Soriano FJ. Cancer cachexia: a therapeutic approach. Med. Res. Rev. 21(1), 83-101 (2001).
75. Asakawa A, Inui A, Kaga T et al. Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulatory signal from stomach with structural resemblance to motilin. Gastroenterology 120(2), 337-345 (2001).
76. Inui A. Ghrelin. An orexigenic and somatotrophic signal from the stomach. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2(8), 551-560 (2001).