메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 55-68

Structural and functional evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat CCAAT/enhancer binding protein sites and their use as molecular markers for central nervous system disease progression

Author keywords

C EBP; HIV 1; HIVD; LTR; Sequence variation

Indexed keywords

CCAAT ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; MOLECULAR MARKER; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR;

EID: 0037299334     PISSN: 13550284     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13550280390173292     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (29)

References (63)
  • 1
    • 0028332188 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic relationship between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat natural variants present in the lymph node and peripheral blood of three HIV-1-infected individuals
    • Ait-Khaled M, Emery VC (1994). Phylogenetic relationship between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat natural variants present in the lymph node and peripheral blood of three HIV-1-infected individuals. J Gen Virol 75: 1615-1621.
    • (1994) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.75 , pp. 1615-1621
    • Ait-Khaled, M.1    Emery, V.C.2
  • 2
    • 0029054153 scopus 로고
    • Distinct HIV-1 long terminal repeat quasispecies present in nervous tissues compared to that in lung, blood and lymphoid tissues of an AIDS patient
    • Ait-Khaled M, McLaughlin JE, Johnson MA, Emery VC (1995). Distinct HIV-1 long terminal repeat quasispecies present in nervous tissues compared to that in lung, blood and lymphoid tissues of an AIDS patient. AIDS 9: 675-683.
    • (1995) AIDS , vol.9 , pp. 675-683
    • Ait-Khaled, M.1    McLaughlin, J.E.2    Johnson, M.A.3    Emery, V.C.4
  • 4
    • 0022485649 scopus 로고
    • Replicative capacity of human immunodeficiency virus from patients with varying severity of HIV infection
    • Asjo B, Morfeldt-Manson L, Albert J, Biberfeld G, Karlsson A, Lidman K, Fenyo EM (1986). Replicative capacity of human immunodeficiency virus from patients with varying severity of HIV infection. Lancet 2: 660-662.
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 660-662
    • Asjo, B.1    Morfeldt-Manson, L.2    Albert, J.3    Biberfeld, G.4    Karlsson, A.5    Lidman, K.6    Fenyo, E.M.7
  • 5
    • 0026501088 scopus 로고
    • Functional roles for the TATA promoter and enhancers in basal and Tat-induced expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat
    • Berkhout B, Jeang KT (1992). Functional roles for the TATA promoter and enhancers in basal and Tat-induced expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat. J Virol 66: 139-149.
    • (1992) J. Virol. , vol.66 , pp. 139-149
    • Berkhout, B.1    Jeang, K.T.2
  • 6
    • 0024711273 scopus 로고
    • Tissue-specific expression, developmental regulation, and genetic mapping of the gene encoding CCAAT/enhancer binding protein
    • Birkenmeier EH, Gwynn B, Howard S, Jerry J, Gordon JI, Landschulz WH, McKnight SL (1989). Tissue-specific expression, developmental regulation, and genetic mapping of the gene encoding CCAAT/enhancer binding protein. Genes Dev 3: 1146-1156.
    • (1989) Genes Dev. , vol.3 , pp. 1146-1156
    • Birkenmeier, E.H.1    Gwynn, B.2    Howard, S.3    Jerry, J.4    Gordon, J.I.5    Landschulz, W.H.6    McKnight, S.L.7
  • 7
  • 8
    • 0028226017 scopus 로고
    • C/EBP-related protein 2 confers lipopolysaccharide-inducible expression of interleukin 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 to a lymphoblastic cell line
    • Bretz JD, Williams SC, Baer M, Johnson PF, Schwartz RC (1994). C/EBP-related protein 2 confers lipopolysaccharide-inducible expression of interleukin 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 to a lymphoblastic cell line. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 7306-7310.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 7306-7310
    • Bretz, J.D.1    Williams, S.C.2    Baer, M.3    Johnson, P.F.4    Schwartz, R.C.5
  • 10
    • 0019551730 scopus 로고
    • "Western blotting": Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels to unmodified nitrocellulose and radiographic detection with antibody and radioiodinated protein A
    • Burnette WN (1981). "Western blotting": electrophoretic transfer of proteins from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels to unmodified nitrocellulose and radiographic detection with antibody and radioiodinated protein A. Anal Biochem 112: 195-203.
    • (1981) Anal. Biochem. , vol.112 , pp. 195-203
    • Burnette, W.N.1
  • 11
    • 0025251178 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning of a transcription factor, AGP/EBP, that belongs to members of the C/EBP family
    • Chang CJ, Chen TT, Lei HY, Chen DS, Lee SC (1990). Molecular cloning of a transcription factor, AGP/EBP, that belongs to members of the C/EBP family. Mol Cell Biol 10: 6642-6653.
    • (1990) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.10 , pp. 6642-6653
    • Chang, C.J.1    Chen, T.T.2    Lei, H.Y.3    Chen, D.S.4    Lee, S.C.5
  • 12
    • 0027075975 scopus 로고
    • Clements JE Expression directed from HIV long terminal repeats in the central nervous system of transgenic mice
    • Corboy JR, Buzy JM, Zink MC, Clements JE (1992). Expression directed from HIV long terminal repeats in the central nervous system of transgenic mice. Science 258: 1804-1808.
    • (1992) Science , vol.258 , pp. 1804-1808
    • Corboy, J.R.1    Buzy, J.M.2    Zink, M.C.3
  • 13
    • 0025957804 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nef and long terminal repeat sequences over 4 years in vivo and in vitro
    • Delassus S, Cheynier R, Wain-Hobson S (1991). Evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nef and long terminal repeat sequences over 4 years in vivo and in vitro. J Virol 65: 225-231.
    • (1991) J. Virol. , vol.65 , pp. 225-231
    • Delassus, S.1    Cheynier, R.2    Wain-Hobson, S.3
  • 14
    • 0025062982 scopus 로고
    • LAP, a novel member of the C/EBP gene family, encodes a liver-enriched transcriptional activator protein
    • Descombes P, Chojkier M, Lichtsteiner S, Falvey E, Schibler U (1990). LAP, a novel member of the C/EBP gene family, encodes a liver-enriched transcriptional activator protein. Genes Dev 4: 1541-1551.
    • (1990) Genes Dev. , vol.4 , pp. 1541-1551
    • Descombes, P.1    Chojkier, M.2    Lichtsteiner, S.3    Falvey, E.4    Schibler, U.5
  • 15
    • 0029949812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat variants from 42 patients representing all stages of infection display a wide range of sequence polymorphism and transcription activity
    • Estable MC, Bell B, Merzouki A, Montaner JS, O'Shaughnessy MV, Sadowski IJ (1996). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat variants from 42 patients representing all stages of infection display a wide range of sequence polymorphism and transcription activity. J Virol 70: 4053-4062.
    • (1996) J. Virol. , vol.70 , pp. 4053-4062
    • Estable, M.C.1    Bell, B.2    Merzouki, A.3    Montaner, J.S.4    O'Shaughnessy, M.V.5    Sadowski, I.J.6
  • 17
    • 0036096739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insights into the role of immune activation in HIV neuropathogenesis
    • Gartner S, Liu Y (2002). Insights into the role of immune activation in HIV neuropathogenesis. J NeuroVirol 8: 69-75.
    • (2002) J. NeuroVirol. , vol.8 , pp. 69-75
    • Gartner, S.1    Liu, Y.2
  • 18
    • 84944282429 scopus 로고
    • Virus isolation from and identification of HTLV-III/LAV-producing cells in brain tissue from a patient with AIDS
    • Gartner S, Markovits P, Markovitz DM, Betts RF, Popovic M (1986). Virus isolation from and identification of HTLV-III/LAV-producing cells in brain tissue from a patient with AIDS. JAMA 256: 2365-2371.
    • (1986) JAMA , vol.256 , pp. 2365-2371
    • Gartner, S.1    Markovits, P.2    Markovitz, D.M.3    Betts, R.F.4    Popovic, M.5
  • 20
    • 0026030751 scopus 로고
    • Chemiluminescence detection of proteins from single cells
    • Gillespie PG, Hudspeth AJ (1991). Chemiluminescence detection of proteins from single cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 2563-2567.
    • (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.88 , pp. 2563-2567
    • Gillespie, P.G.1    Hudspeth, A.J.2
  • 21
    • 0025332813 scopus 로고
    • Differences in the basal activity of the long terminal repeat determine different replicative capacities of two closely related human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates
    • Golub EI, Li GG, Volsky DJ (1990). Differences in the basal activity of the long terminal repeat determine different replicative capacities of two closely related human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates. J Virol 64: 3654-3660.
    • (1990) J. Virol. , vol.64 , pp. 3654-3660
    • Golub, E.I.1    Li, G.G.2    Volsky, D.J.3
  • 22
    • 0024337928 scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 isolates are rapidly evolving quasispecies: Evidence for viral mixtures and preferred nucleotide substitutions
    • Goodenow M, Huet T, Saurin W, Kwok S, Sninsky J, Wain-Hobson S (1989). HIV-1 isolates are rapidly evolving quasispecies: evidence for viral mixtures and preferred nucleotide substitutions. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2: 344-352.
    • (1989) J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. , vol.2 , pp. 344-352
    • Goodenow, M.1    Huet, T.2    Saurin, W.3    Kwok, S.4    Sninsky, J.5    Wain-Hobson, S.6
  • 24
    • 0030833640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) sites are required for HIV-1 replication in primary macrophages but not CD4(+) T cells
    • Henderson AJ, Calame KL (1997). CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) sites are required for HIV-1 replication in primary macrophages but not CD4(+) T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 8714-8719.
    • (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.94 , pp. 8714-8719
    • Henderson, A.J.1    Calame, K.L.2
  • 25
    • 0030200963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C/EBP activators are required for HIV-1 replication and proviral induction in monocytic cell lines
    • Henderson AJ, Connor RI, Calame KL (1996). C/EBP activators are required for HIV-1 replication and proviral induction in monocytic cell lines. Immunity 5: 91-101.
    • (1996) Immunity , vol.5 , pp. 91-101
    • Henderson, A.J.1    Connor, R.I.2    Calame, K.L.3
  • 26
    • 0029156755 scopus 로고
    • C/EBP proteins activate transcription from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat in macrophages/monocytes
    • Henderson AJ, Zou X, Calame KL (1995). C/EBP proteins activate transcription from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat in macrophages/monocytes. J Virol 69: 5337-5344.
    • (1995) J. Virol. , vol.69 , pp. 5337-5344
    • Henderson, A.J.1    Zou, X.2    Calame, K.L.3
  • 27
    • 0025312402 scopus 로고
    • Differences in replication and cytopathogenicity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are not determined by long terminal repeats (LTR)
    • Hirsch I, Spire B, Tsunetsugu-Yokota Y, Neuveut C, Sire J, Chermann JC (1990). Differences in replication and cytopathogenicity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are not determined by long terminal repeats (LTR). Virology 177: 759-763.
    • (1990) Virology , vol.177 , pp. 759-763
    • Hirsch, I.1    Spire, B.2    Tsunetsugu-Yokota, Y.3    Neuveut, C.4    Sire, J.5    Chermann, J.C.6
  • 28
    • 0028874048 scopus 로고
    • Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection
    • [see comments]
    • Ho DD, Neumann AU, Perelson AS, Chen W, Leonard JM, Markowitz M (1995). Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection [see comments]. Nature 373: 123-126.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.373 , pp. 123-126
    • Ho, D.D.1    Neumann, A.U.2    Perelson, A.S.3    Chen, W.4    Leonard, J.M.5    Markowitz, M.6
  • 31
    • 0030738579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter/TAR regions and tat1 genes derived from individuals with different rates of disease progression
    • Kirchhoff F, Greenough TC, Hamacher M, Sullivan JL, Desrosiers RC (1997). Activity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter/TAR regions and tat1 genes derived from individuals with different rates of disease progression. Virology 232: 319-331.
    • (1997) Virology , vol.232 , pp. 319-331
    • Kirchhoff, F.1    Greenough, T.C.2    Hamacher, M.3    Sullivan, J.L.4    Desrosiers, R.C.5
  • 32
    • 0030920836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroglial ATF/CREB factors interact with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat
    • Krebs FC, Goodenow MM, Wigdahl B (1997). Neuroglial ATF/CREB factors interact with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat. J NeuroVirol 3(Suppl 1): S28-S32.
    • (1997) J. NeuroVirol. , vol.3 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Krebs, F.C.1    Goodenow, M.M.2    Wigdahl, B.3
  • 33
    • 0012612825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lentiviral LTR-directed expression, sequence variation, and disease pathogenesis
    • Kuiken CL, Foley B, Hahn B, Korber B, McCutchan F, Marx PA, Mellors JW, Sodroski J, Wolinksy S (eds). Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory: Los Alamos, NM
    • Krebs FC, Hogan TH, Quiterio SJ, Gartner S, Wigdahl B (2001). Lentiviral LTR-directed expression, sequence variation, and disease pathogenesis. In: HIV Sequence Compendium 2001. Kuiken CL, Foley B, Hahn B, Korber B, McCutchan F, Marx PA, Mellors JW, Sodroski J, Wolinksy S (eds). Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory: Los Alamos, NM, pp 1-42.
    • (2001) HIV Sequence Compendium 2001 , pp. 1-42
    • Krebs, F.C.1    Hogan, T.H.2    Quiterio, S.J.3    Gartner, S.4    Wigdahl, B.5
  • 34
    • 0031898668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat quasispecies differ in basal transcription and nuclear factor recruitment in human glial cells and lymphocytes
    • Krebs FC, Mehrens D, Pomeroy S, Goodenow MM, Wigdahl B (1998). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat quasispecies differ in basal transcription and nuclear factor recruitment in human glial cells and lymphocytes. J Biomed Sci 5: 31-44.
    • (1998) J. Biomed. Sci. , vol.5 , pp. 31-44
    • Krebs, F.C.1    Mehrens, D.2    Pomeroy, S.3    Goodenow, M.M.4    Wigdahl, B.5
  • 36
    • 0031000628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ability of C/EBP beta but not C/EBP alpha to synergize with an Sp1 protein is specified by the leucine zipper and activation domain
    • Lee YH, Williams SC, Baer M, Sterneck E, Gonzalez FJ, Johnson PF (1997). The ability of C/EBP beta but not C/EBP alpha to synergize with an Sp1 protein is specified by the leucine zipper and activation domain. Mol Cell Biol 17: 2038-2047.
    • (1997) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 2038-2047
    • Lee, Y.H.1    Williams, S.C.2    Baer, M.3    Sterneck, E.4    Gonzalez, F.J.5    Johnson, P.F.6
  • 37
    • 0027531918 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection
    • Levy JA (1993). Pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Microbiol Rev 57: 183-289.
    • (1993) Microbiol. Rev. , vol.57 , pp. 183-289
    • Levy, J.A.1
  • 38
    • 0034116416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp160 sequences from a patient with HIV dementia: Evidence for monocyte trafficking into brain
    • Liu Y, Tang XP, McArthur JC, Scott J, Gartner S (2000). Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp160 sequences from a patient with HIV dementia: evidence for monocyte trafficking into brain. J NeuroVirol 6(Suppl 1): S70-S81.
    • (2000) J. NeuroVirol. , vol.6 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Liu, Y.1    Tang, X.P.2    McArthur, J.C.3    Scott, J.4    Gartner, S.5
  • 39
    • 0033572458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage and pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection
    • Martin JC, Bandres JC (1999). Cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage and pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 22: 413-429.
    • (1999) J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. , vol.22 , pp. 413-429
    • Martin, J.C.1    Bandres, J.C.2
  • 40
    • 0027453552 scopus 로고
    • Transcription factors NF-IL6 and NF-kappa B synergistically activate transcription of the inflammatory cytokines, interleukin 6 and interleukin 8
    • Matsusaka T, Fujikawa K, Nishio Y, Mukaida N, Matsushima K, Kishimoto T, Akira S (1993). Transcription factors NF-IL6 and NF-kappa B synergistically activate transcription of the inflammatory cytokines, interleukin 6 and interleukin 8. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 10193-10197.
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 10193-10197
    • Matsusaka, T.1    Fujikawa, K.2    Nishio, Y.3    Mukaida, N.4    Matsushima, K.5    Kishimoto, T.6    Akira, S.7
  • 41
    • 0034284908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the HIV-1 LTR NF-kappaB-proximal Sp site III: Evidence for cell type-specific gene regulation and viral replication
    • McAllister JJ, Phillips D, Millhouse S, Conner J, Hogan T, Ross HL, Wigdahl B (2000). Analysis of the HIV-1 LTR NF-kappaB-proximal Sp site III: evidence for cell type-specific gene regulation and viral replication. Virology 274: 262-277.
    • (2000) Virology , vol.274 , pp. 262-277
    • McAllister, J.J.1    Phillips, D.2    Millhouse, S.3    Conner, J.4    Hogan, T.5    Ross, H.L.6    Wigdahl, B.7
  • 43
    • 0028224574 scopus 로고
    • Naturally occurring genotypes of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat display a wide range of basal and Tat-induced transcriptional activities
    • Michael NL, D'Arcy L, Ehrenberg PK, Redfield RR (1994). Naturally occurring genotypes of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat display a wide range of basal and Tat-induced transcriptional activities. J Virol 68: 3163-3174.
    • (1994) J. Virol. , vol.68 , pp. 3163-3174
    • Michael, N.L.1    D'Arcy, L.2    Ehrenberg, P.K.3    Redfield, R.R.4
  • 44
    • 0032873925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long terminal repeat promoter/enhancer activity of different subtypes of HIV type 1
    • Naghavi MH, Schwartz S, Sonnerborg A, Vahlne A (1999). Long terminal repeat promoter/enhancer activity of different subtypes of HIV type 1. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 15: 1293-1303.
    • (1999) AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses , vol.15 , pp. 1293-1303
    • Naghavi, M.H.1    Schwartz, S.2    Sonnerborg, A.3    Vahlne, A.4
  • 46
    • 0026074750 scopus 로고
    • The long terminal repeat is not a major determinant of the cellular tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
    • Pomerantz RJ, Feinberg MB, Andino R, Baltimore D (1991). The long terminal repeat is not a major determinant of the cellular tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol 65: 1041-1045.
    • (1991) J. Virol. , vol.65 , pp. 1041-1045
    • Pomerantz, R.J.1    Feinberg, M.B.2    Andino, R.3    Baltimore, D.4
  • 47
    • 0028170158 scopus 로고
    • C/EBP beta regulation of the tumor necrosis factor alpha gene
    • Pope RM, Lentz A, Ness SA (1994). C/EBP beta regulation of the tumor necrosis factor alpha gene. J Clin Invest 94: 1449-1455.
    • (1994) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.94 , pp. 1449-1455
    • Pope, R.M.1    Lentz, A.2    Ness, S.A.3
  • 50
    • 0034922779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 LTR C/EBP binding site sequence configurations preferentially encountered in brain lead to enhanced C/EBP factor binding and increased LTR-specific activity
    • Ross HL, Gartner S, McArthur JC, Corboy JR, McAllister JJ, Millhouse S, Wigdahl B (2001a). HIV-1 LTR C/EBP binding site sequence configurations preferentially encountered in brain lead to enhanced C/EBP factor binding and increased LTR-specific activity. J NeuroVirol 7: 235-249.
    • (2001) J. NeuroVirol. , vol.7 , pp. 235-249
    • Ross, H.L.1    Gartner, S.2    McArthur, J.C.3    Corboy, J.R.4    McAllister, J.J.5    Millhouse, S.6    Wigdahl, B.7
  • 51
    • 0035135252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between CCAAT/enhancer binding protein and cyclic AMP response element binding protein 1 regulates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription in cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage
    • Ross HL, Nonnemacher MR, Hogan TH, Quiterio SJ, Henderson A, McAllister JJ, Krebs FC, Wigdahl B (2001b). Interaction between CCAAT/enhancer binding protein and cyclic AMP response element binding protein 1 regulates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription in cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. J Virol 75: 1842-1856.
    • (2001) J. Virol. , vol.75 , pp. 1842-1856
    • Ross, H.L.1    Nonnemacher, M.R.2    Hogan, T.H.3    Quiterio, S.J.4    Henderson, A.5    McAllister, J.J.6    Krebs, F.C.7    Wigdahl, B.8
  • 52
    • 0031444236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long terminal repeat and nef gene variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in perinatally infected long-term survivors and rapid progressors
    • Rousseau C, Abrams E, Lee M, Urbano R, King MC (1997). Long terminal repeat and nef gene variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in perinatally infected long-term survivors and rapid progressors. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 13: 1611-1623.
    • (1997) AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses , vol.13 , pp. 1611-1623
    • Rousseau, C.1    Abrams, E.2    Lee, M.3    Urbano, R.4    King, M.C.5
  • 53
    • 0025800646 scopus 로고
    • Chemiluminescent substrates increase sensitivity of antigen detection in western blots
    • Sandhu GS, Eckloff BW, Kline BC (1991). Chemiluminescent substrates increase sensitivity of antigen detection in western blots. Biotechniques 11: 14-16.
    • (1991) Biotechniques , vol.11 , pp. 14-16
    • Sandhu, G.S.1    Eckloff, B.W.2    Kline, B.C.3
  • 55
    • 0027379055 scopus 로고
    • Distinct mechanisms for regulation of the interleukin-8 gene involve synergism and cooperativity between C/EBP and NF-kappa B
    • Stein B, Baldwin AS, Jr (1993). Distinct mechanisms for regulation of the interleukin-8 gene involve synergism and cooperativity between C/EBP and NF-kappa B. Mol Cell Biol 13: 7191-7198.
    • (1993) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 7191-7198
    • Stein, B.1    Baldwin A.S., Jr.2
  • 57
    • 0027250873 scopus 로고
    • NF-IL6-mediated transcriptional activation of the long terminal repeat of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1
    • Tesmer VM, Rajadhyaksha A, Babin J, Bina M (1993). NF-IL6-mediated transcriptional activation of the long terminal repeat of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Proc NatL Acad Sci USA 90: 7298-7302.
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 7298-7302
    • Tesmer, V.M.1    Rajadhyaksha, A.2    Babin, J.3    Bina, M.4
  • 58
    • 0027155881 scopus 로고
    • C/ATF, a member of the activating transcription factor family of DNA-binding proteins, dimerizes with CAAT/enhancer-binding proteins and directs their binding to cAMP response elements
    • Vallejo M, Ron D, Miller CP, Habener JF (1993). C/ATF, a member of the activating transcription factor family of DNA-binding proteins, dimerizes with CAAT/enhancer-binding proteins and directs their binding to cAMP response elements. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 4679-4683.
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 4679-4683
    • Vallejo, M.1    Ron, D.2    Miller, C.P.3    Habener, J.F.4
  • 59
    • 0026712413 scopus 로고
    • Structure-function studies of HIV-1: Influence of long terminal repeat U3 region sequences on virus production
    • Velpandi A, Nagashunmugam T, Otsuka T, Cartas M, Srinivasan A (1992). Structure-function studies of HIV-1: influence of long terminal repeat U3 region sequences on virus production. DNA Cell Biol 11: 369-376.
    • (1992) DNA Cell Biol. , vol.11 , pp. 369-376
    • Velpandi, A.1    Nagashunmugam, T.2    Otsuka, T.3    Cartas, M.4    Srinivasan, A.5
  • 61
    • 0035896735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perivascular macrophages are the primary cell type productively infected by simian immunodeficiency virus in the brains of macaques: Implications for the neuropathogenesis of AIDS
    • Williams KC, Corey S, Westmoreland SV, Pauley D, Knight H, deBakker C, Alvarez X, Lackner AA (2001). Perivascular macrophages are the primary cell type productively infected by simian immunodeficiency virus in the brains of macaques: implications for the neuropathogenesis of AIDS. J Exp Med 193: 905-915.
    • (2001) J. Exp. Med. , vol.193 , pp. 905-915
    • Williams, K.C.1    Corey, S.2    Westmoreland, S.V.3    Pauley, D.4    Knight, H.5    deBakker, C.6    Alvarez, X.7    Lackner, A.A.8
  • 62
    • 0027181389 scopus 로고
    • Proposed 'World Health Organization staging system for HIV infection and disease': Preliminary testing by an international collaborative cross-sectional study
    • World Health Organization (WHO) The WHO International Collaborating Group for the Study of the WHO Staging System
    • World Health Organization (WHO) (1993). Proposed 'World Health Organization staging system for HIV infection and disease': preliminary testing by an international collaborative cross-sectional study. The WHO International Collaborating Group for the Study of the WHO Staging System. AIDS 7: 711-718.
    • (1993) AIDS , vol.7 , pp. 711-718
  • 63
    • 0030974504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of long terminal repeat sequences from long-term survivors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
    • Zhang L, Huang Y, Yuan H, Chen BK, Ip J, Ho DD (1997). Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of long terminal repeat sequences from long-term survivors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Virol 71: 5608-5613.
    • (1997) J. Virol. , vol.71 , pp. 5608-5613
    • Zhang, L.1    Huang, Y.2    Yuan, H.3    Chen, B.K.4    Ip, J.5    Ho, D.D.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.