Evaluation of the World Health Organization staging system for HIV infection and disease in Ethiopia: Association between clinical stages and laboratory markers

AIDS

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 381-389

  Kassa, Elias ^a   De Wit, Tobias F Rinke ^a   Hailu, Ermias ^a   Girma, Mulu ^a   Messele, Tsehaynesh ^a   Mariam, Hiruy Gebre ^a   Yohannes, Semere ^b   Jurriaans, Suzanne ^c   Yeneneh, Hailu ^a   Coutinho, Roel A ^d   Fontanet, Arnaud L ^a  

^a Ethiopian Hlth Nutr Res Institute   (Ethiopia)

^b ST PAUL S HOSPITAL MILLENNIUM MEDICAL COLLEGE   (Ethiopia)

^c ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^d MUNICIPAL HEALTH SERVICE   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Africa; CD4+ T cell counts; Ethiopia; HIV infection; Viral load; WHO staging

Indexed keywords

CD4 ANTIGEN;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; COHORT ANALYSIS; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE MARKER; ETHIOPIA; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; LUNG TUBERCULOSIS; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STAGING; T LYMPHOCYTE; VIRUS LOAD; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; COHORT STUDIES; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; ETHIOPIA; EVALUATION STUDIES; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMANS; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; VIRAL LOAD; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

EID: 0033047350     PISSN: 02699370     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199902250-00011     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Miedema F: Immunological abnormalities in the natural history of HIV-infection: Mechanisms and clinical relevance. Immunodeficiency Reviews 1992, 3:173-193.
2. Pantaleo G, Menzo S, Vacarreza M, et al.: Studies in subjects with long-term nonprogressive human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med 1995, 332:209-216.
3. World Health Organization: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): interim proposal for a WHO staging system for HIV infection and disease. Wkly Epidemol Rec 1990, 65:221-228.
4. The WHO International Collaborating Group for the Study of the WHO Staging System: Proposed 'World Health Organization Staging System for HIV-Infection and Disease': preliminary testing by an international collaborative cross-sectional study. AIDS 1993, 7:711-718.
5. Schechter M, Zajdenverg R, Machado LL, Pinto ME, Lima LAA, Perez MA: Predicting CD4 counts in HIV-infected Brazilian individuals: a model based on the World Health Organization staging system. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1994, 7:163-168.
6. Vandenbruaene M, Colebunders R, Goeman J, et al.: Evaluation of two staging systems for HIV infection for use in developing countries. AIDS 1993, 7:1613-1615.
7. Montaner JSC, Le TN, Le N, Craib KJP, Schlechter MT: Application of the World Health Organization system for HIV infection in a cohort of homosexual men in developing a prognostically meaningful staging system. AIDS 1992, 6:719-724.
8. Morgan D, Maude GH, Malamba SS, et al.: HIV-1 disease progression and AIDS-defining disorders in rural Uganda. Lancet 1997, 350:245-250.
9. Spijkerman IJB, Langendam MW, Veugelers PJ, et al.: Differences in progression to AIDS between injection drug users and homosexual men with documented dates of seroconversion. Epidemiol 1996, 7:571-577.
10. Tersmotte M, Schuitemaker H: Virulent HIV strains? AIDS 1993, 7:1123-1125.
11. Bentwich Z, Kalinkovich A, Weisman Z: Immune activation is a dominant factor in the pathogenesis of African AIDS. Immunol Today 1995, 16:187-191.
12. Baum MK, Shor-Posner G, Lu Y, et al.: Micronutrients and HIV-1 disease progression. AIDS 1995, 9:1051-1056.
13. Samson M, Libert F, Doranz BJ, et al.: Resistance to HIV-1 infection in caucasian individuals bearing mutant alleles of the CCR-5 chemokine receptor gene. Nature 1996, 382:722-725.
14. Klein MR, Keet IPM, D'Amaro J, et al.: Associations between HLA frequencies and pathogenic features of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in seroconverters from the Amsterdam cohort of homosexual men. J Infect Dis 1994, 169:1244-1249.
15. Morrow RH, Colebunders RL, Chin J: Interaction of HIV infection with endemic tropical diseases. AIDS 1989, 3 (suppl 1):S79-S87.
16. Fontanet AL, Messele T, Dejene A, et al.: Age-and sex-specific HIV-1 prevalence in the urban community setting of Addis Abeba, Ethiopia. AIDS 1998, 12:315-322.
17. Sahlu T, Fontanet A, Rinke de Wit T, et al.: Identification of a site for a cohort study on natural history of HIV infection in Ethiopia. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1998, 17:149-155.
18. Abebe A, Kuiken CL, Goudsmit J, et al.: HIV type 1 subtype C in Addis Abeba, Ethiopia. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1997, 13:1071-1075.
19. Piatak M Jr, Saag MS, Yang LC, et al.: Determination of plasma viral load in HIV-1 infection by quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction. AIDS 1993, 7:S65-S71.
20. Loken, MR: Cell surface antigen and morphological characterization of leukocyte populations by flow cytometry. In Methods in Hematology. Edited by Beverly P. London: Churchill Livingston; 1985:132-144.
21. Centers for Disease Control: Revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR 1992, 41:1-19.
22. Worku S, Christensson B, Björkman A, Islam D: Higher proportion of CD8 T-cells in the blood in healthy adults from Ethiopia and Bangladesh compared with Sweden. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 1997, 91:618-622.
23. Kalinkovich A, Weisman Z, Burstein R, Bentwich Z: Standard values of T-lymphocyte subsets in Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1998, 17:183-185.
24. Tsegaye A, Messele T, Tilahun T, et al.: Immuno-haematological reference ranges for adult Ethiopians. Clin Diagnos Lab Immun. (in press).
25. Pape JW, Jean SS, Ho JL, Hafner A, Johnson WD Jr: Effect of INH prophylaxis on incidence of active tuberculosis and progression of HIV infection. Lancet 1993, 342:268-272.
26. De Cock KMM, Grant A, Porter JDH: Preventive therapy for tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons: international recommendations, research, and practice. Lancet 1995, 345:833-836.
27. Kaplan JE, J. Hu D, K. Holmes K, Jaffe HW, Masur H, De Cock KM: Preventing opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons: implications for the developing world. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1996, 55:1-11.
28. Woldemichael T, Fontanet AL, Sahlu T, et al.: Evaluation of the Eiken latex agglutination test for antibodies and seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection among factory workers in Addis Abeba, Ethiopia, Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1998, 92:401-403.
29. Schneider MME, Nielsen TL, Nelsing S, et al.: Efficacy and toxicity of two doses of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as primary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus. J Infect Dis 1995, 171:1632-1636.
30. Grant AD, Djomand G, Smets P, et al.: Profound immunosuppression across spectrum of opportunistic disease among hospitalized HIV-infected adults in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. AIDS 1997, 11:1357-1364.
31. Del Amo J, Petrukevitch A, Philips AN, et al.: Spectrum of disease in Africans with AIDS in London. AIDS 1996, 10:1563-1569.
32. Mellors JW, Rinaldo CR Jr, Gupta P, White RM, Todd JA, Kingsley LA: Prognosis for HIV-1 infection predicted by the quantity of virus in plasma. Science 1996, 272:1167-1170.
33. de Wolf F, Spijkerman I, Schellekens P, et al.: AIDS prognosis based on HIV-1 RNA, CD4+ T-cell count and function: markers with reciprocal predictive value over time after seroconversion. AIDS 1997, 11:1799-1806.