Complex alternative splicing of the hKLK3 gene coding for the tumor marker PSA (prostate-specific-antigen)

European Journal of Biochemistry

Volumn 270, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 706-714

  Heuzé Vourc'h, Nathalie ^a   Leblond, Valérie ^a   Courty, Yves ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE TOURS   (France)

^b EMI U 0010   (France)

Author keywords

Alternative mRNA; Prostate cancer; PSA variant; Tumor marker

Indexed keywords

ISOPROTEIN; PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; PROTEIN ANTIBODY; SIGNAL PEPTIDE; TUMOR MARKER;

ALTERNATIVE RNA SPLICING; ARTICLE; CANCER CELL CULTURE; CANCER TISSUE; GENETIC CODE; GENETIC DATABASE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; MALE; MOLECULAR CLONING; NORTHERN BLOTTING; POLYADENYLATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN SECRETION; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; PROTEIN VARIANT; RNA TRANSLATION; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY;

ALTERNATIVE SPLICING; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; BASE SEQUENCE; BLOTTING, NORTHERN; CLONING, MOLECULAR; DATABASES, FACTUAL; DNA PRIMERS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, NEOPLASTIC; HUMANS; MALE; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; POLYRIBOSOMES; PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS; RABBITS; RNA, MESSENGER; RNA, NEOPLASM; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY, AMINO ACID; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY, NUCLEIC ACID; TISSUE KALLIKREINS; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 0037294945     PISSN: 00142956     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03425.x     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Yousef, G.M., Chang, A., Scorilas, A. & Diamandis, E.P. (2000) Genomic organization of the human kallikrein gene family on chromosome 19q13.3-q13.4. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 276, 125-133.
2. Diamandis, E.P., Yousef, G.M., Luo, I., Magklara, I. & Obiezu, C.V. (2000) The new human kallikrein gene family: implications in carcinogenesis. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 11, 54-60.
3. Rittenhouse, H.G., Finlay, J.A., Mikolajczyk, S.D. & Partin, A.W. (1998) Human kallikrein 2 (hK2) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA): two closely related, but distinct, kallikreins in the prostate. Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. 35, 275-368.
4. Lilja, H. (1985) A kallikrein-like serine protease in prostatic fluid cleaves the predominant seminal vesicle protein. J. Clin. Invest. 76, 1899-1903
5. Cohen, P., Peehl, D.M., Graves, H.C. & Rosenfeld, R.G. (1994) Biological effects of prostate specific antigen as an insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 protease. J. Endocrinol. 142, 407-415.
6. Fortier, A.H., Nelson, B.J., Grella, D.K. & Holaday, J.W. (1999) Antiangiogenic activity of prostate-specific antigen. J. Natl. Cancer Inst 91, 1635-1640.
7. Heidtmann, H., Nettelbeck, D., Mingels, A., Jäger, R, & Kontermann, R. (1999) Generation of angiostatin-like fragments from plasminogen by prostate-specific antigen. Br. J. Cancer 81, 1269-1273.
8. Rehault, S., Monget, P., Mazerbourg, S., Tremblay, R., Gutman, N., Gauthier, F. & Moreau T. (2001) Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) as potential physiological substrates for human kallikreins hK2 and hK3. Eur. J. Biochem. 268, 2960-2968.
9. Carroll, P., Coley, C., McLeod, D., Schellhammer, P., Sweat, G., Wasson, J., Zietman, A. & Thompson, I. (2001) Prostate-specific Wasson, antigen best practice policy - part II: prostate cancer staging and post-treatment follow-up. Urology 57, 225-229.
10. Carroll, P., Coley, C., McLeod, D., Schellhammer, P., Sweat, G., Wasson, J., Zietman, A. & Thompson, I. (2001) Prostate-specific antigen best practice policy - part I: early detection and diagnosis of prostate cancer. Urology 57, 217-224.
11. Lilja, H., Christensson, A., Dahlen, U., Matikainen, M.-T., Nilsson, O., Pettersson, K. & Lövgren, T. (1991) Prostate-specific antigen in serum occurs predominantly in complex with α1-antichymotrypsin. Clin. Chem. 37, 1618-1625.
12. Hilz, H., Noldus, J., Hammerer, P., Buck, F., Lück, M. & Huland, H. (1999) Molecular heterogeneity of free PSA in sera of patients with benign and malignant prostate tumors. Eur. Urol. 36, 286-292.
13. Mikolajczyk, S.D., Marker, K.M., Millar, L.S., Kumar, A., Saedi, M.S., Payne, J.K., Evans, C.L., Gasior, C.L., Linton, H.J., Carpenter, P. & Rittenhouse, H.G. (2001) A truncated precursor form of prostate-specific antigen is a more specific serum marker of prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 61, 6958-6963.
14. Noldus, J., Chen, Z. & Stamey, T.A. (1997) Isolation and characterization of free form prostate specific antigen (f-PSA) in sera of men with prostate cancer. J. Urol. 158, 1606-1609.
15. Heuzé, N., Olayat, S., Gutman, N., Zani, M.-L. & Courty, Y. (1999) Molecular cloning and expression of an alternative hKLK3 transcript coding for a variant protein of prostate-specific antigen. Cancer Res. 59, 2820-2824.
16. Riegman, P.H.J., Klaassen, P., Van der Korput, J.A.G.M., Romijn, J.C. & Trapman, J. (1988) Molecular cloning and characterization of novel prostate antigen cDNA's. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 155, 181-188.
17. Henttu, P., Lukkarinen, O. & Vihko, P. (1990) Expression of the gene coding for human prostate-specific antigen and related hGK-1 in benign and malignant tumors of the human prostate. Int. J. Cancer. 45, 654-660.
18. Heuze-Vourc'h, N., Leblond, V., Olayat, S., Gauthier, F. & Courty, Y. (2001) Characterization of PSA-RP2, a protein related to prostate-specific antigen and encoded by alternative hKLK3 transcripts. Eur. J. Biochem. 268, 4408-4413.
19. Tanaka, T., Isono, T., Yoshiki, T., Yuasa, T. & Okada, Y. (2000) A novel form of prostate-specific antigen transcript produced by alternative splicing. Cancer Res. 60, 56-59.
20. David, A., Mabjeesh, N., Azar, I., Biton, S., Engel, S., Bernstein, J., Romano, J., Avidor, Y., Waks, T., Eshhar, Z., Langer, S.Z., Lifschitz-Mercer, B., Matzkin, H., Rotman, G., Toporik, A., Savitsky, K. & Mintz, L. (2002) Unusual alternative splicing within the human kallikrein genes KLK2 and KLK3 gives rise to novel prostate-specific proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 18084-18090.
21. Stamm, S., Zhu, J., Nakai, K., Stoilov, P., Stoss, O. & Zhang, M.Q. (2000) An alternative-exon database and its statistical analysis. DNA Cell. Biol. 19, 739-756.
22. Blencowe, B.J. (2000) Exonic splicing enhancers: mechanism of action, diversity and role in human genetic diseases. Trends Biochem. Sci. 25, 106-110.
23. McCullough, A.J. & Berget, S.M. (1997) G triplets located throughout a class of small vertebrate introns enforce intron borders and regulate splice site selection. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 4562-4571.
24. McCullough, A.J. & Berget, S.M. (2000) An intronic splicing enhancer binds U1 snRNPs to enhance splicing and select 5′ splice sites. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 9225-9235.
25. Carlo, T., Sierra, R. & Berget, S.M. (2000) A 5′ splice site-proximal enhancer binds SF1 and activates exon bridging of a microexon. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 3988-3995.
26. Schaal, T.D. & Maniatis, T. (1999) Multiple distinct splicing enhancers in the protein-coding sequences of a constitutively spliced pre-mRNA. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19, 261-273.
27. Schaal, T.D. & Maniatis, T. (1999) Selection and characterization of pre-mRNA splicing enhancers: identification of novel SR protein-specific enhancer sequences. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19, 1705-1719.
28. Goldstrohm, A.C., Greenleaf, A.L. & Garcia-Blanco, M.A. (2001) Co-transcriptional splicing of pre-messenger RNAs: considerations for the mechanism of alternative splicing. Gene 277, 31-47.
29. Lykke-Andersen, J. (2001) mRNA quality control: marking the message for life or death. Curr. Biol. 11, R88-R91.
30. Mitchell, P. & Tollervey, D. (2001) mRNA turnover. Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol. 13, 320-325.
31. Macdonald, P. (2001) Diversity in translational regulation. Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol. 13, 326-331.
32. Pesole, G., Liuni, S., Grillo, G., Licciulli, F., Mignone, F., Gissi, C. & Saccone, C. (2002) UTRdb and UTRsite: specialized databases of sequences and functional elements of 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of eukaryotic mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 30, 335-340.
33. Wolf, D., Schulz, P. & Fittler, F. (1992) Transcriptional regulation of prostate kallikrein-like genes by androgen. Mol. Endocrinol. 6, 753-762.
34. Burset, M., Seledtsov, I.A. & Solovyev, V.V. (2000) Analysis of canonical and non-canonical splice sites in mammalian genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 28, 4364-4375.
35. Smith, C.W. & Valcarcel, J. (2000) Alternative pre-mRNA splicing: the logic of combinatorial control. Trends Biochem. Sci. 25, 381-388.
36. Lim, L.P. & Burge, C.B. (2001) A computational analysis of sequence features involved in recognition of short introns. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 11193-11198.
37. Kumar, A., Mikolajczyk, S.D., Hill, T.M., Millar, L.S. & Saedi, M.S. (2000) Different proportions of various prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and human kallikrein 2 (hK2) forms are present in noninduced and androgen- induced LNCaP cells. Prostate 44, 248-254.
38. Meng, F.J., Shan, A., Jin, L. & Young, C.Y.F. (2002) The expression of a variant prostate-pecific antigen in human prostate. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 11, 305-309.
39. Mercatante, D. & Kole, R. (2000) Modification of alternative splicing pathways as a potential approach to chemotherapy. Pharmacol. Ther. 85, 237-243.