Treating the allergic patient: Think globally, treat globally

Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Volumn 57, Issue 10, 2002, Pages 876-883

  Passalacqua, G ^a   Canonica, G W ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GENOA   (Italy)

^b Padiglione Maragliano ^*  (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALLERGY; ASTHMA; BRONCHUS HYPERREACTIVITY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; IMMUNOTHERAPY; INFLAMMATION; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RHINITIS; TREATMENT PLANNING;

HUMANS; HYPERSENSITIVITY; RISK FACTORS; THINKING;

EID: 0036785370     PISSN: 01054538     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2002.01002.x     Document Type: Review

References (109)

1. SIMONS FER. Allergic Rhinobronchitis: the asthma-allergic rhinitis link. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1994;104: 534-540.
2. PASSALACQUA G, CIPRANDI G, CANONICA GW. United airways disease: therapeutic implications. Thorax 2000;55:s26-s27.
3. ANNAESI-MAESANO I. Epidemiological evidence of the occurrence of rhinitis and sinusitis in asthma. Allergy 1999;54:7-13.
4. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Worldwide variation in prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema. Lancet 1998;351:1225-1232.
5. GERGEN PJ, TURKELTAUB PC. The association of individual allergen reactivity with respiratory disease in a national sample. Data from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1976-80 (NHANES), J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992;90:579-588.
6. CORREN J. The impact of allergic rhinitis on bronchial asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;101:s352-s356.
7. CIPRANDI G, VIZZACCARO A, CIRILLO I et al. Increase of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Italian young men. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1996;111:278-283.
8. KAPSALI T, HOROWITZ E, TOGIAS A. Rhinitis is ubiquitous in allergic asthmatics. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;99:S138.
9. LEYNAERT B, NEUKIRCH F, DEMOLY P, BOUEQUET J. Epidemiologic evidence for asthma and rhinitis comorbidity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;106: S201-S205.
10. SETTIPANE G, SETTIPANE RJ, HAGY GW. Long term risk factors for developing asthma amd allergic rhinitis: a 23 year follow up study of college students. Allergy Proc 1994;15:21-25.
11. ANDERSON HR, POTTIER AC, STRACHAN DP. Asthma from birth to age 23: incidence and relationship to prior and concurrent atopic status. Thorax 1992;47:537-542.
12. JENKINS MA, HOPPER JL, FLANDER LB et al. The associations between childhood asthma, and atopy, and parental asthma, hay fever and smoking. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 1993;7:67-76.
13. LOMBARDI C, PASSALACQUA G, GARGIONI S et al., The natural history of respiratory allergy: a follow up study of 99 patients up to 10 years. Respir Medical 2001, (in press).
14. BRAMAN SS, BARROWS AA, DECOTIIS BA et al. Airways hyperresponsiveness in allergic rhinitis. A risk factor for asthma. Chest 1987;91:671-674.
15. AMSDALE EH, MORRIS MM, ROBERTS RS, HARGREAVE FE. Asymptomatic bronchial hyperresponsiveness in rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1985;75:573-577.
16. LITTELL NT, CARLISLE CC, MILLMAN RP, BRANNAN SS. Changes in airways resistance following nasal provocation. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;141:580-583.
17. CORREN J, ADINOFF A, IRVIN C. Changes in bronchial responsiveness following nasal provocation with allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992;89:611-618.
18. BRAUNSTAHL GJ, OVERBEEK SE, KLEINJAN A et al. Nasal allergen provocation induces adhesion molecule expression and tissue eosinophilia in upper and lower airways. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;107:469-476.
19. BRAUNSTAHL G, KLEINJAN A, OVERBEEK SE et al. Segmental bronchial provocation induces nasal inflammation in allergic rhinitis patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161:2051-2057.
20. KAY AB. Allergy and allergic diseases. First of two parts. New Eng J Med 2001;344:30-37.
21. CIPRANDI G, PRONZATO C, RICCA V et al. Specific allergen challenge induces ICAM-1 expression on nasal epithelial cells in allergic subjects. Am Rev Respir Crit Care Med 1994;150:1653-1659.
22. POLOSA R, CIAMARRA I, MANGANO G et al. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation markers in nonasthmatics with allergic rhinitis. Eur Resp J 2000;15:30-35.
23. CRIMI E, MILANESE M, ODDERA S et al., Inflammatory and mechanical factors of allergen-induced bronchoconstriction in mild asthma and rhinitis. J Appl Physiol 2001;91:1029-1034.
24. DENBURGH J. The nose, the lung and the bone marrow in allergic inflammation. Allergy 1999;54:73-80.
25. GASPAR ELSAS MI, JOSEPH D, ELSAS P, VARGAFTIG BB. Rapid increase in bone marrow eosinophil production and responses to eosinopoietic interleukin triggered by intranasal allergen challenge. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1997;17:404-413.
26. TOGIAB A. Unique mechanistic features of allergic rhinitis. J Allegy Clin Immunol 2000;105:S599-S604.
27. LEYNAERT B, BOUSQUET J, NEUKIRCH C et al. Perennial rhinitis: an independent risk factor for asthma in nonatopic subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:301-304.
28. UNDEM BJ, MCALEXANDER M, HUNTER DD. Neurobiology of the upper and lower airways. Allergy 1999;54:81-93.
29. MCLANE ML, NELSON JA, LENNER KA et al. Integrated response of the upper and lower respiratory tract of asthmatic subjects to frigid air. J Appl Physiol 2000;88:1043-1050.
30. FONTANARI P, BURNET H, ZATTERA-HARTMANN C, JAMMES Y. Changes in airways resistance induced by nasal inhalation of cold dry, dry or moist air in normal individuals. J Appl Physiol 1996;81:1739-1743.
31. BLUMENTHAL MN. Genetics of asthma and allergy. Allergy Asthma Proc 2000;21:55-59.
32. JOHANSSON SGO, O'B, HOURIHANE J, BOUSQUET J et al. POSITION PAPER. A revised nomenclature for allergy. EAACI Position Statement Allergy 2001;56:813-824.
33. SHIRAKAWA T, ENOMOTO T. The inverse association between tuberculin response and atopic disorders. Science 1997;275:77-79.
34. VON MUTIUS E. The environmental predictors of allergic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:9-19.
35. WEILAND SK, VON MUTIUS E, HIRSCH T et al. Prevalence of respiratory and atopic disorders among chilgren in the east and west Germany after unification. Eur Resp J 1999;14:862-970.
36. BJORKSTEN B. Environment and infant immunity. Proc Nutr Soc 1999;58:729-732.
37. KALLIOMAKI M, SALMINEN S, ARVILOMMI H et al. Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease. A placebo controlled trial. Lancet 2001;357:1076-1079.
38. ROMAGNANI S. The Th1/Th2 paradigm and allergic disorders. Allergy 1998;53:12-15.
39. KON OM, KAY AB. T cells and chronic asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1999;118:133-135.
40. GALLI G, ANNUNZIATO M, MAVILLA F et al. Ehanced HIV expression during Th2 oriented response explained by the opposite regulatory effect of IL-4 and IFNgamma of fusin CXCR4. Eur J Immunol 1998;28:3280-3290.
41. KAWANO Y, NOMA T. Dual action of IL-4 on mite antigen induced IgE synthesis in lymphocytes from individuals with bronchial asthma. Clin Exp Immunol 1995;102:389-394.
42. OHNISHI T, KITA H, WEILER D et al. IL-5 is the predominant eosinophil-active cytokine in the antigen induced pulmonary late phase reaction. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;147:901-907.
43. LALANI T, SIMMONS RK, AHMED AR. Biology of IL-5 in health and disease. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1999;82:317-332.
44. CIESLEWICZ G, TOMKINSON A, ADLER A et al. The late but not early asthmatic response is dependent on or correlates with eosinophil infiltration. J Clin Invest 1999;104:301-308.
45. DOUCET C, BROUTY-BUYE D, POITIN-CLEMENCEAU C et al. IL-4 and IL-13 specifically increase adhesion molecule expression in human lung fibroblast. Int J Immunol 1998;10:1421-1433.
46. SMITH CH, BARKER JW, LEE TH. Adhesion molecules in allergic inflammation. Am Rev Resp Dis 1993;148:s175.
47. VIGNOLA AM, CAMPBELL A, CHANEZ P et al. HLA DR and ICAM 1 expression in asthma and chronic bronchitis. Am Rev Resp Dis 1993;148:689-694.
48. JEFFERY PK, WARDLAW AJ, NELSON FC et al. Bronchial biopsies in asthma. An ultrastructural quantitative study and correlation with hyperreactivity. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;140:1745-1753.
49. CIPRANDI G, BUSCAGLIA S, PESCE GP et al. Minimal persistent inflammation is present at mucosal level in asymptomatic rhinitic patients with allergy due to mites. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995;96:971-979.
50. RICCA V, LANDI M, FERRERO E, CANONICA GW, CIPRANDI G. Minimal persistent inflammation is also present in patients with pollen allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:54-63.
51. GREVE JM, DAVIS G, MEYER AM et al. The major human rhinovirus receptor is ICAM-1. Cell 1989;56:839.
52. JOHNSTON SL, PATTERMORE PK, SANDERSON G et al. The relationship between upper respiratory infections and hospital admissions for asthma: a time-trend analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;154:654-660.
53. JOHNSTON SL, PATTERMORE PK, SANDERSON G et al. A longitudinal study on the role of viral infections in exacerbations of asthma in school children in the community. BMJ 1995;310:1225-1229.
54. DURHAM SR. Effect of intranasal corticosteroid treatment on asthma in children and adults. Allergy 1999;54:124-131.
55. CORREN J, ADINOFF AD, BUCKMEIER AD, IRWIN CG. Nasal beclometasone prevents the seasonal increase in bronchial responsiveness in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992;90:250-256.
56. FORESI A, PELUCCHI A, GHERSON G et al. Once daily intranasal fluticasone propionate (200 micrograms) reduce nasal symptoms and inflammation but also attenuates the increase in bronchial responsiveness during the pollen season in allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996;98:274-282.
57. WATSON WT, BECKEP AB, SIMONS FER. Treatment of allergic rhinitis with intranasal corticosteroids in patients with mild asthma: effect on lower airway responsiveness. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993;91:97-101.
58. AUBIER M, LEVY J, CLERICI C, NEUKIRCH F et al. Different effects of nasal and bronchial glucocorticosteroids administration on bronchial responsiveness in patients with rhinitis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;146:122-126.
59. GANI F, CRIVELLARO MA, LANDI M et al. The role of patient training in the management of allergic rhinitis and asthma: clinical implications. Allergy 2001;56:65-68.
60. CIPRANDI G, PASSALACQUA G, CANONICA GW. Effect of H1 antihistamines on adhesion molecules: a possible rationale for long term treatment. Clin Exp Allergy 1999;29:49-52.
61. GRANT JA, NICODEMUS CF, FINDLAY SR et al. Cetirizine in patients with seasonal rhinitis and concomitant asthma: prospective, randomized controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995;95:923-932.
62. CORREN J, HARRIS AG, AARONSON D et al. Efficacy and safety of loratadine plus pseudoephedrine in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;100:781-788.
63. AUBIER M, NEUKIRCH C, PEIFFER C, MELAC M. Effect of cetirizine on bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and asthma. Allergy 2001;56:35-42.
64. ROQUET A, DAHLEN B, KUMLIN M et al. Combined antagonism of leukotriene and histamine produces a predominant inhibition of allergen-induced early and late phase airway obstruction in asthmatics. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;155:1856-1863.
65. MELTZER EO, MALMSTROM K, LU S et al. Concomitant montelukast and loratadine as treatment for seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:917-922.
66. CIPRANDI G, RICCA V, TOSCA MA et al. Continuous antihistamine treatment controls allergic inflammation and reduces respiratory morbidity in children with mite allergy. Allergy 1999;54:358-365.
67. CIPRANDI G, TOSCA MA, PASSALACQUA G, CANONICA GW. Longterm cetirizine treatment reduces allergic symptoms and supplemental medication use in children with mite allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2001;87:222-226.
68. THE ETAC, STUDY GROUP. Allergic factors associated with the development of asthma and the influence of cetirizine in a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial. Pediatr Allergy 1998;3:116-124.
69. OLIVEIRA CA, SOLE D, NASPITZ CK et al. Improvement of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic children treated for concomitant sinusitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1997;79:70-74.
70. GOLDSTEIN MF, GRUNDFAST SK, DUNSKY EH et al. Effect of functional endoscopic sinus surgery on bronchial asthma outcomes. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;125:314-319.
71. IKEDA K, TANNO N, TAMURA G et al. Endoscopic sinus surgery improves pulmonary function in patients with asthma associated with chronic sinusitis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1999;108:355-359.
72. DURHAM SR, TILL J. Immunological changes associated with allergen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;102:157-164.
73. HAMID QA, SCHOTMAN E, JACOBSON MR, WALKER SM, DURHAM SR. Increases in IL-12 messenger RNA + cells accompany inhibition of allergen induced late skin response after successful grass pollen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;99:254-260.
74. DURHAM SR, YING S, VARNEY VA et al. Grass pollen immunotherapy inhibits allergen induced infiltration of CD T lymphocytes and eosinophils in the nasal mucosa and increases the number of cells expressing messenger RNA for interferon gamma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996;97:1356-1365.
75. DURHAM SR, WALKER SM, VARGA EM et al. Long-term clinical efficacy of grass pollen immunotherapy. N Eng J Med 1999;341:468-475.
76. HEDLIN G, HEILBORN H, LILJIA G et al. Long term follow up of patients treated with a three-year course of cat or dog immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995;96:879-885.
77. ARIANO R, KROON AM, AUGERI G, CANONICA GW, PASSALACQUA G. Long term treatment with allergoid immunotherapy with parietaria. Clinical and immunological effects in a randomized, controlled trial. Allergy 1999;54:135-138.
78. DES-ROCHES A, PARADIS L, KNANI J et al. Immunotherapy with a standardized Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract. V - Duration of efficacy of immunotherapy after its cessation. Allergy 1996;51:430-434.
79. PAJNO GB, BARBERIO G, DE LUCA E, MORABITO L, PARMIANI S. Prevention of new sensitizations in asthmatic children monosensitized to house dust mite by specific immunotherapy. A six-year follow-up study. Clin Exp Allergy 2001;31:1392-1397.
80. HOLT PG, SLY PD. Allergic respiratory disease: strategic targets for primary prevention during childhood. Thorax 1997;52:1-4.
81. MALLING HJ, ABREU-NOGUERA E, ALVAREZ-CUESTA E et al. EAACI/ESPACI Position paper on local immunotherapy. Allergy 1998;55:833-844.
82. BOUSQUET J, KALTHAEV N and van CAUWENBERGE P, edts. WHO Position Paper. ARIA. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma. World Health Organization JACI, 2001 (in press).
83. GIANNARINI L, MAGGI E. Decrease of allergen specific T cell response induced by local nasal immunotherapy. Clin Exp Allergy 1998;28:404-412.
84. FANTA C, BOHLE H, HIRT W et al. Systemic immunological changes induced by administration of grass pollen allergen via the oral mucosa during sublingual immunotherapy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1999;120:218-224.
85. PASSALACQUA G, ALBANO M, FREGONESE L, RICCIO AM PRONZATO C, MELA GS, CANONICA GW. Randomised controlled trial of local allergoid immunotherapy on allergic inflammation in mite induced rhinoconjunctivitis. Lancet 1998;351:629-632.
86. PASSALACQUA G, ALBANO M, RICCIO AM et al. Clinical and immunological effect of a rush sublingual immunotherapy to parietaria species: a double blind placebo controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:964-968.
87. ANDRE C, CARAT F. Safety of sublingual immunotherapy in children and adults. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2000;121:229-234.
88. DI RIENZO V, PARMIANI S, PASSALACQUA G, CANONICA GW. Post marketing surveillance study on the safety of sublingual immunotherapy in pediatric patients. Allergy 1999;54:125.
89. FAHY VJ. Reducing IgE levels as a strategy for treatment of asthma. Clin Chest Med 2000;21:263-277.
90. MILGROM HG, FICK RB, Su JQ et al. Treatment of allergic asthma with monoclonal anti IgE antibody. RhuMAb E25 study group. N Eng J Med 1999;341:1966-1973.
91. ADRLROTH E, RAK S, HAAHTELA T et al. Recombinant humanized mAb-E25, an anti-IgE mAb, in birch pollen-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;106:253-259.
92. CASALE TB, BERNSTEIN IL, BUSSE VW et al. Use of an anti-IgE humanized monoclonal antibody in ragweed-induced allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;100:110-121.
93. KON OM, SIHRA BS, COMPTON CH, LEONARD TB, KAY AB, BARNES N. Randomised dose-ranging placebo controlled study of chimeric antibody to CD4 (keliximab) in chronic severe asthma. Lancet 1998;352:1109-1113.
94. SANI Y, MYAMOTO T, MAKINO S. Antiinflammatory effect of suplatast tosilate in mild asthma. Chest 1997;112:862-863.
95. TAMAOKI J, KONDO M, SAKAI N et al. Effect of suplatast tosilate a Th2 cytokine inhibitor on steroid dependent asthma: a double blind randomised study. Lancet 2000;56:1421-1422.
96. WILLS-KARP M, GAVETT SH, SCHOFIELS B, FINKELMAN F. Role of interleukin 4 in the development of allergic airway inflammation and airways hyperresponsiveness. Adv Exp Med Biol 1996;409:343-347.
97. HOGAN P, FOSTER PS. Cytokines as targets for the inhibition of eosinophilic inflammation. Pharmacol Ther 1997;74:259-283.
98. ZHANG X, POLLA B, HAUSER C, ZUBLER RH. T cells from atopic individuals produce IgE inducing activity which is incompletely blocked by anti IL-4 antibody. Eur J Immunol 1992;22:829-833.
99. VAN DER POUW KRAAN CT, AALBERSE RC, AARDEN LA. IgE production in atopic patients is not related to Il-4 production. Clin Exp Immunol 1994;97:254-259.
100. BORISH LC, NELSON HS, LANZ MJ et al. IL-4 receptor in moderate atopic asthma. A phase I/II randomized placebo controled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160:1816-1823.
101. GARLISI GC. IL-5 inhibition as a therapy for allergic diseases. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 1999;12:81-85.
102. DICKASON RR, HUSTON MM, HUSTON P. Delineation of IL-5 domains predicted to engage the IL-5 receptor. J Immunol 1996;156:1030-1037.
103. DANZIG M, Cuss F. Inhibition of interleukin 5 with a monoclonal antibody attenuates allergic inflammation. Allergy 1997;52:787-794.
104. EGAN RW, ATHWAL D, BODMER MW et al. Effect of SCH55700, a humanized antibody to human IL-5, on eosinophilic response ad bronchial hyperreactivity. Arzneimittelforschung 1999;49:779-790.
105. MAUSER P, PITMAN AM, FERNANDEZ X et al. Effects of an antibody to IL-5 in a monkey model of asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;152:467-469.
106. LECKIE MJ, TEN BRINKE A, KHAN J et al. Effects of an Interleukin 5 blocking monoclonal antibody on eosinophils, airway hyperresponsiveness and the late asthmatic response. Lancet 2000;356:2114-2116.
107. BRYAN SA, O'CONNOR BJ, MATTI S et al. Effect on recombinant human IL-12 on eosinophils, airway hyperresponsiveness and the late asthmatic response. Lancet 2000;356:2114-2116.
108. AUBIER M. Linking upper and lower respiratory airways. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;83:431-434.
109. PASSALACQUA G, CIPRANDI G, CANONICA GW. The nose-lung interaction: united airways disease. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;1:7-14.