Regulation of virulence gene expression in Vibrio cholerae by quorum sensing: HapR functions at the aphA promoter

Molecular Microbiology

Volumn 46, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 1135-1147

  Kovacikova, Gabriela ^a   Skorupski, Karen ^a  

^a DARTMOUTH MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CELL DENSITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEFENSE MECHANISM; DNA FOOTPRINTING; ESCHERICHIA COLI; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE FUNCTION; GENETIC PROCEDURES; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; PROTEIN BINDING; REDUCTION; REGULATORY MECHANISM; VIBRIO CHOLERAE; VIRULENCE; VIRUS GENE;

BACTERIAL PROTEINS; BASE SEQUENCE; BINDING SITES; CHOLERA TOXIN; DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE I; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, BACTERIAL; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PROMOTER REGIONS (GENETICS); REPRESSOR PROTEINS; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; TRANS-ACTIVATORS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION SITE; VIBRIO CHOLERAE; VIRULENCE;

ESCHERICHIA COLI; NEGIBACTERIA; VIBRIO; VIBRIO CHOLERAE;

EID: 0036434698     PISSN: 0950382X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03229.x     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Barthelmebs, L., Lecomte, B., Divies, C., and Cavin, J.-F. (2000) Inducible metabolism of phenolic acids in Pediococcus pentosaceus is encoded by an autoregulated operon which involves a new class of negative transcriptional regulator. J Bacteriol 182: 6724-6731.
2. Behari, J., Stagon, L., and Calderwood, S.B. (2001) pepA, a gene mediating pH regulation of virulence genes in Vibrio cholerae. J Bacteriol 183: 178-188.
3. Carroll, P.A., Tashima, K.T., Rogers, M.B., DiRita, V.J., and Calderwood, S.B. (1997) Phase variation in tcpH modulates expression of the ToxR regulon in Vibrio cholerae. Mol Microbiol 25: 1099-1111.
4. Champion, G.A., Neely, M.N., Brennan, M.A., and DiRita, V.J. (1997) A branch in the ToxR regulatory cascade of Vibrio cholerae revealed by characterization of toxT mutant strains. Mol Microbiol 23: 323-331.
5. Chatterjee, J., Miyamoto, C.M., and Meighen, E.A. (1996) Autoregulation of luxR: The Vibrio harveyi lux-operon activator functions as a repressor. Mol Microbiol 20: 415-425.
6. Crawford, J.A., Kaper, J.B., and DiRita, V.J. (1998) Analysis of ToxR-dependent transcription activation of ompU, the gene encoding a major envelope protein in Vibrio cholerae. Mol Microbiol 29: 235-246.
7. DiRita, V.J., Parsot, C., Jander, G., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1991) Regulatory cascade controls virulence in Vibrio cholerae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 5403-5407.
8. Frohman, M.A., Dush, M.K., and Martin, G.R. (1988) Rapid production of full-length cDNAs from rare transcripts: Amplification using a single gene-specific oligonucleotide primer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 8998-9002.
9. Fürste, J.P., Pansegrau, W., Frank, R., Blöcker, H., Scholz, P., Bagdasarian, M., and Lanka, E. (1986) Molecular cloning of the plasmid RP4 primase region in a multi-hostrange tacP expression vector. Gene 48: 119-131.
10. Gardel, C.L., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1994) Regulation of cholera toxin by temperature, pH and osmolarity. Methods Enzymol 235: 517-526.
11. Häse, C.C., and Finkelstein, R.A. (1990) Comparison of the Vibrio cholerae hemagglutinin/protease and the Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase. Infect Immun 58: 4011-4015.
12. Häse, C.C., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1998) TcpP protein is a positive regulator of virulence gene expression in Vibrio cholerae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 730-734.
13. Higgins, D.E., and DiRita, V.J. (1994) Transcriptional control of toxT, a regulatory gene in the ToxR regulon of Vibrio cholerae. Mol Microbiol 14: 17-29.
14. Iwanaga, M., Yamamoto, K., Higa, N., Ichinose, Y., Nakasone, N., and Tanabe, M. (1986) Culture conditions for stimulating cholera toxin production by Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor. Microbiol Immunol 30: 1075-1083.
15. Jobling, M.G., and Holmes, R.K. (1997) Characterization of hapR, a positive regulator of the Vibrio cholerae HA/protease gene hap, and its identification as a functional homologue of the Vibrio harveyi luxR gene. Mol Microbiol 26: 1023-1034.
16. Kadonaga, J.T., and Tjian, R. (1986) Affinity purification of sequence-specific DNA binding proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 5889-5893.
17. Kaper, J.B., Morris, J.G., Jr, and Levine, M.M. (1995) Cholera. Clin Microbiol Rev 8: 48-86.
18. Karaolis, D.K.R., Johnson, J.A., Bailey, C.C., Boedeker, E.C., Kaper, J.B., and Reeves, P.R. (1998) A Vibrio cholerae pathogenicity island associated with epidemic and pandemic strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 3134-3139.
19. Karaolis, D.K.R., Somara, S., Maneval, D.R., Jr, Johnson, J.A., and Kaper, J.B. (1999) A bacteriophage encoding a pathogenicity island, a type-IV pilus and a phage receptor in cholera bacteria. Nature 399: 375-379.
20. Kovacikova, G., and Skorupski, K. (1999) A Vibrio cholerae LysR homolog, AphB, cooperates with AphA at the tcpPH promoter to activate expression of the ToxR virulence cascade. J Bacteriol 181: 4250-4256.
21. Kovacikova, G., and Skorupski, K. (2000) Differential activation of the tcpPH promoter by AphB determines biotype specificity of virulence gene expression in Vibrio cholerae. J Bacteriol 182: 3228-3238.
22. Kovacikova, G., and Skorupski, K. (2001) Overlapping binding sites for the virulence gene regulators AphA, AphB and cAMP-CRP at the Vibrio cholerae tcpPH promoter. Mol Microbiol 41: 393-407.
23. Kovacikova, G., and Skorupski, K. (2002) Binding site requirements of the virulence gene regulator AphB: Differential affinities for the Vibrio cholerae classical and El Tor tcpPH promoters. Mol Microbiol 44: 533-547.
24. Krukonis, E.S., Yu, R.R., and DiRita, V.J. (2000) The Vibrio cholerae ToxR/TcpP/ToxT virulence cascade: Distinct roles for two membrane-localized transcriptional activators on a single promoter. Mol Microbiol 38: 67-84.
25. Li, C.C., Crawford, J.A., DiRita, V.J., and Kaper, J.B. (2000) Molecular cloning and transcriptional regulation of ompT, a ToxR-repressed gene in Vibrio cholerae. Mol Microbiol 35: 189-203.
26. Miller, J.H. (1972) Experiments in Molecular Genetics. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
27. Miller, M.B., Skorupski, K., Lenz, D.H., Taylor, R.K., and Bassler, B.L. (2002) Parallel quorum sensing systems converge to regulate virulence in Vibrio cholerae. Cell 110: 303-314.
28. Miller, V.L., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1988) A novel suicide vector and its use in construction of insertion mutations: Osmoregulation of outer membrane proteins and virulence determinants in Vibrio cholerae requires toxR. J Bacteriol 170: 2575-2583.
29. Miller, V.L., Taylor, R.K., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1987) Cholera toxin transcriptional activator ToxR is a transmembrane DNA binding protein. Cell 48: 271-279.
30. Miller, V.L., DiRita, V.J., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1989) Identification of toxS, a regulatory gene whose product enhances ToxR-mediated activation of the cholera toxin promoter. J Bacteriol 171: 1288-1293.
31. Miyamoto, C.M., Smith, E.E., Swartzman, E., Cao, J.-G., Graham, A.F., and Meighen, E.A. (1994) Proximal and distal sites bind LuxR independently and activate expression of the Vibrio harveyi lux operon. Mol Microbiol 14: 255-262.
32. Nye, M.B., Pfau, J.D., Skorupski, K., and Taylor, R.K. (2000) Vibrio cholerae H-NS silences virulence gene expression at multiple steps in the ToxR regulatory cascade. J Bacteriol 182: 4295-4303.
33. Pan, W., and Spratt, B.G. (1994) Regulation of the permeability of the gonococcal cell envelope by the mtr system. Mol Microbiol 11: 769-775.
34. Showalter, R.E., Martin, M.O., and Silverman, M.R. (1990) Cloning and nucleotide sequence of luxR, a regulatory gene controlling bioluminescence in Vibrio harveyi. J Bacteriol 172: 2946-2954.
35. Simons, R.W., Houman, F., and Kleckner, N. (1987) Improved single and multicopy lac-based cloning vectors for protein and operon fusions. Gene 53: 85-96.
36. Skorupski, K., and Taylor, R.K. (1996) Positive selection vectors for allelic exchange. Gene 169: 47-52.
37. Skorupski, K., and Taylor, R.K. (1999) A new level in the Vibrio cholerae ToxR virulence cascade: AphA is required for transcriptional activation of the tcpPH operon. Mol Microbiol 31: 763-771.
38. Sun, D., Seyer, J.M., Kovari, I., Sumrada, R.A., and Taylor, R.K. (1991) Localization of protective epitopes within the pilin subunit of the Vibrio cholerae toxin-coregulated pilus. Infect Immun 59: 114-118.
39. Swartzman, E., and Meighen, E.A. (1993) Purification and characterization of a poly (dA-dT) lux-specific DNA binding protein from Vibrio harveyi and identification as LuxR. J Biol Chem 268: 16706-16716.
40. Swartzman, E., Silverman, M., and Meighen, E.A. (1992) The luxR gene product of Vibrio harveyi is a transcriptional activator of the lux promoter. J Bacteriol 174: 7490-7493.
41. Taylor, R.K., Miller, V.L., Furlong, D.B., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1987) Use of phoA gene fusions to identify a pilus colonization factor coordinately regulated with cholera toxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 2833-2837.
42. Waldor, M.K., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1996) Lysogenic conversion by a filamentous phage encoding cholera toxin. Science 272: 1910-1914.
43. Yu, R.R., and DiRita, V.J. (2002) Regulation of gene expression in Vibrio cholerae by ToxT involves both antirepression and RNA polymerase stimulation. Mol Microbiol 43: 119-134.
44. Zhu, J., Miller, M.B., Vance, R.E., Dziejman, M., Bassler, B.L., and Mekalanos, J.J. (2002) Quorum sensing regulators control virulence gene expression in Vibrio cholerae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99: 3129-3134.