A new level in the Vibrio cholerae ToxR virulence cascade: AphA is required for transcriptional activation of the tcpPH operon

Molecular Microbiology

Volumn 31, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 763-771

  Skorupski, Karen ^a   Taylor, Ronald K ^a  

^a DARTMOUTH MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL PROTEIN; CHOLERA TOXIN;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; BACTERIUM PILUS; CONTROLLED STUDY; ESCHERICHIA COLI; GENE DELETION; GENE EXPRESSION; NONHUMAN; OPERON; PLASMID; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; REGULON; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION; VIBRIO CHOLERAE;

ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; BACTERIAL OUTER MEMBRANE PROTEINS; BACTERIAL PROTEINS; BETA-GALACTOSIDASE; CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FIMBRIAE PROTEINS; GENE DELETION; GENES, BACTERIAL; HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION; ISOPROPYL THIOGALACTOSIDE; MUTAGENESIS; RECOMBINANT FUSION PROTEINS; TEMPERATURE; TRANS-ACTIVATION (GENETICS); TRANS-ACTIVATORS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; VIBRIO CHOLERAE; VIRULENCE;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); ESCHERICHIA COLI; NEGIBACTERIA; VIBRIO CHOLERAE;

EID: 0032961294     PISSN: 0950382X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01215.x     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Altschul, S.F., Madden, T.L., Schäffer, A.A., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Miller, W., et al. (1997) Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res 25: 3389-3402.
2. Carroll, P.A., Tashima, K.T., Rogers, M.B., DiRita, V.J., and Calderwood, S.B. (1997) Phase variation in tcpH modulates expression of the ToxR regulon in Vibrio cholerae. Mol Microbiol 25: 1099-1111.
3. Champion, G.A., Neely, M.N., Brennan, M.A., and DiRita, V.J. (1997) A branch in the ToxR regulatory cascade of Vibrio cholerae revealed by characterization of toxT mutant strains. Mol Microbiol 23: 323-331.
4. Chiang, S.L., Taylor, R.K., Koomey, M., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1995) Single amino acid substitutions in the N-terminus of Vibrio cholerae TcpA affect colonization, autoagglutination, and serum resistance. Mol Microbiol 17: 1133-1142.
5. Denk, D., and Bock, A. (1987) L-Cysteine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli: nucleotide sequence and expression of the serine acetyltransferase (cysE) gene from the wild-type and a cysteine-excreting mutant. J Gen Microbiol 133: 515-525.
6. DiRita, V.J., Parsot, C., Jander, G., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1991) Regulatory cascade controls virulence in Vibrio cholerae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 5403-5407.
7. DiRita, V.J., Neely, M., Taylor, R.K., and Bruss, P.M. (1996) Differential expression of the ToxR regulon in classical and El Tor biotypes of Vibrio cholerae is due to biotype-specific control over toxT expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 7991-7995.
8. Figurski, D.H., and Helinski, D.R. (1979) Replication of an origin-containing derivative of plasmid RK2 dependent on a plasmid function provided in trans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 1648-1652.
9. Friedman, A.M., Long, S.R., Brown, S.E., Buikema, W.J., and Ausubel, F.M. (1982) Construction of a broad host range cosmid cloning vector and its use in the genetic analysis of Rhizobium mutants. Gene 18: 289-296.
10. Fujita, N., Miwa, T., Ishijima, S., Izui, K., and Katsuki, H. (1984) The primary structure of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase of Escherichia coli. Nucleotide sequence of the ppc gene and deduced amino acid sequence. J Biochem 95: 909-916.
11. Fürste, J.P., Pansegrau, W., Frank, R., Blöcker, H., Scholz, P., Bagdasarian, M., et al. (1986) Molecular cloning of the plasmid RP4 primase region in a multi-host-range tacP expression vector. Gene 48: 119-131.
12. Häse, C.C., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1998) TcpP protein is a positive regulator of virulence gene expression in Vibrio cholerae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 730-734.
13. Henikoff, S., Haughn, G.W., Calvo, J.M., and Wallace, J.C. (1988) A large family of bacterial activator proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 6602-6606.
14. Kaper, J.B., Morris, Jr, J.G., and Levine, M.M. (1995) Cholera. Clin Microbiol Rev 8: 48-86.
15. Karaolis, D.K.R., Johnson, J.A., Bailey, C.C., Boedeker, E.C., Kaper, J.B., and Reeves, P.R. (1998) A Vibrio cholerae pathogenicity island associated with epidemic and pandemic strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 3134-3139.
16. Kovach, M.E., Shaffer, M.D., and Peterson, K.M. (1996) A putative integrase gene defines the distal end of a large cluster of ToxR-regulated colonization genes in Vibrio cholerae. Microbiology 142: 2165-2174.
17. Lupas, A. (1996) Coiled coils: new structures and new functions. Trends Biochem Sci 21: 375-382.
18. Lupas, A., Van Dyke, M., and Stock, J. (1991) Predicting coiled coils from protein sequences. Science 252: 1162-1164.
19. Manoil, C., and Beckwith, J. (1985) TnphoA: a transposon probe for protein export signals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 8129-8133.
20. Miller, J.H. (1972) Experiments in Molecular Genetics. Plainview, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
21. Miller, V.L., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1984) Synthesis of cholera toxin is positively regulated at the transcriptional level by toxR. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 3471-3475.
22. Miller, V.L., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1988) A novel suicide vector and its use in construction of insertion mutations: osmoregulation of outer membrane proteins and virulence determinants in Vibrio cholerae requires toxR. J Bacteriol 170: 2575-2583.
23. Miller, V.L., Taylor, R.K., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1987) Cholera toxin transcriptional activator ToxR is a transmembrane DNA binding protein. Cell 48: 271-279.
24. Miller, V.L., DiRita, V.J., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1989) Identification of toxS, a regulatory gene whose product enhances ToxR-mediated activation of the cholera toxin promoter. J Bacteriol 171: 1288-1293.
25. Ogierman, M.A., Zabihi, S., Mourtzios, L., and Manning, P.A. (1993) Genetic organization and sequence of the promoterdistal region of the top gene cluster of Vibrio cholerae. Gene 126: 51-60.
26. Parsot, C., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1990) Expression of ToxR, the transcriptional activator of the virulence factors in Vibrio cholerae, is modulated by the heat shock response. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 9898-9902.
27. Peterson, K.M., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1988) Characterization of the Vibrio cholerae ToxR reguton: Identification of novel genes involved in intestinal colonization. Infect Immun 56: 2822-2829.
28. Philipp, W.J., Poulet, S., Eiglmeier, K., Pascopella, L., Balasubramanian, V., Heym, B., et al. (1996) An integrated map of the genome of the tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, and comparison with Mycobacterium leprae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 3132-3137.
29. Rahav-Manor, O., Carmel, O., Karpel, R., Taglicht, D., Glaser, G., Schuldiner, S., et al. (1992) NhaR, a protein homologous to a family of bacterial regulatory proteins (LysR), regulates nhaA, the sodium proton antiporter gene in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 267: 10433-10438.
30. Shaw, C.E., Peterson, K.M., Mekalanos, J.J., and Taylor, R.K. (1990) Genetic studies of Vibrio cholerae TCP pilus biogenesis. In Advances in Research on Cholera and Related Diarrheas, Vol. 7. Sack, R.B., and Zinnaka, Y. (eds). Tokyo: KTK Science Publishers, pp. 51-58.
31. Simon, R., Priefer, U., and Pühier, A. (1983) A broad host range mobilization system for in vivo genetic engineering: transposon mutagenesis. Biotechnology 1: 784-791.
32. Simons, R.W., Houman, F., and Kleckner, N. (1987) Improved single and multicopy lac-based cloning vectors for protein and operon fusions. Gene 53: 85-96.
33. Skorupski, K., and Taylor, R.K. (1996) Positive selection vectors for allelic exchange. Gene 169: 47-52.
34. Skorupski, K., and Taylor, R.K. (1997) Cyclic AMP and its receptor protein negatively regulate the coordinate expression of cholera toxin and toxin-coregulated pilus in Vibrio cholerae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 265-270.
35. Soisson, S.M., MacDougall-Shackleton, B., Schleif, R., and Wolberger, C. (1997) Structural basis for ligand-regulated oligomerization of AraC. Science 276: 421-425.
36. Sun, D.J., Seyer, M., Kovari, I., Sumrada, R.A., and Taylor, R.K. (1991) Localization of protective epitopes within the pilin subunit of the Vibrio cholerae toxin-coregulated pilus. Infect Immun 59: 114-118.
37. Taylor, R.K., Miller, V.L., Furlong, D.B., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1987) Use of phoA gene fusions to identify a pilus colonization factor coordinately regulated with cholera toxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 2833-2837.
38. Taylor, R.K., Manoil, C., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1989) Broad-host-range vectors for delivery of TnphoA: use in genetic analysis of secreted virulence determinants of Vibrio cholerae. J Bacteriol 171: 1870-1878.
39. Waldor, M.K., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1996) Lysogenic conversion by a filamentous phage encoding cholera toxin. Science 272: 1910-1914.
40. Williams, S.G., Carmel-Harel, O., and Manning, P.A. (1998) A functional homolog of Escherichia coli NhaR in Vibrio cholerae. J Bacteriol 180: 762-765.
41. Yamamoto, H., Uchiyama, S., and Sekiguchi, J. (1996) The Bacillus subtilis chromosome region near 78° contains the genes encoding a new two-component system, three ABC transporters and a lipase. Gene 181: 147-151.