Effects of US-alone presentations on human evaluative conditioning

Learning and Motivation

Volumn 28, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 491-509

  Hammerl, Marianne ^a   Bloch, Michael ^b   Silverthorne, Colin P ^b  

^a HEINRICH HEINE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b Heinrich Heine Univ Duesseldorf ^*

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031281159     PISSN: 00239690     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/lmot.1997.0970     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Abramson, C. I., & Bitterman, M. E. (1986). The US-preexposure effect in honeybees. Animal Learning & Behavior, 14, 374-379.
2. Baeyens, F., & De Houwer, J. (1995). Evaluative conditioning is a qualitatively distinct form of classical conditioning: A reply to Davey (1994). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 825-831.
3. Baeyens, F., Eelen, P., Crombez, G., & Van den Bergh, O. (1992). Human evaluative conditioning: Acquisition trials, presentation schedule, evaluative style and contingency awareness. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 30, 133-142.
4. Baeyens, F., Eelen, P., & Van den Bergh, O. (1990). Contingency awareness in evaluative conditioning: A case for unaware affective-evaluative learning. Cognition and Emotion, 4, 3-18.
5. Baeyens, F., Eelen, P., Van den Bergh, O., & Crombez, G. (1989). Acquired affective-evaluative value: Conservative but not unchangeable. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 27, 279-287.
6. Baeyens, F., Eelen, P., Van den Bergh, O., & Crombez, G. (1992). The content of learning in human evaluative conditioning: Acquired valence is sensitive to US-revaluation. Learning and Motivation, 23, 200-224.
7. Baeyens, F., Hermans, D., & Eelen, P. (1993). The role of CS-US contingency in human evaluative conditioning. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 731-737.
8. Bierley, C., McSweeney, F. K., & Vannieuwkerk, R. (1985). Classical conditioning of preferences for stimuli. Journal of Consumer Research, 12, 316-323.
9. Cacioppo, J. T., Marshall-Goodell, B. S., Tassinary, L. G., & Petty, R. E. (1992). Rudimentary determinants of attitudes: Classical conditioning is more effective when prior knowledge about the attitude stimulus is low than high. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28, 207-233.
10. Cole, K. C., VanTilburg, D., Burch-Vernon, A., & Riccio, D. C. (1996). The importance of context in the US preexposure effect in CTA: Novel versus latently inhibited contextual stimuli. Learning and Motivation, 27, 362-374.
11. Davey, G. C. L. (1989). UCS revaluation and conditioning models of acquired fears. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 27, 521-528.
12. Davey, G. C. L. (1994). Is evaluative conditioning a qualitatively distinct form of classical conditioning? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 291-299.
13. Dawson, M. E., & Schell, A. M. (1987). Human autonomic and skeletal classical conditioning: The role of conscious cognitive factors. In G. Davey (Ed.), Cognitive processes and Pavlovian conditioning in humans (pp. 27-55). Chichester, England: Wiley.
14. Durlach, P. J. (1989). Learning and performance in Pavlovian conditioning: Are failures of contiguity failures of learning or performance? In S. B. Klein & R. R. Mowrer (Eds.), Contemporary learning theories: Pavlovian conditioning and the status of traditional learning theory (pp. 19-59). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
15. Garcia, J. (1990). Learning without memory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2, 287-305.
16. Hammerl, M., & Grabitz, H.-J. (1993). Human evaluative conditioning: Order of stimulus presentation. Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science, 28, 191-194.
17. Hammerl, M., & Grabitz, H.-J. (1996a). Evaluative conditioning with haptic stimuli. International Journal of Psychology, 31(3/4), 375.
18. Hammerl, M., & Grabitz, H.-J. (1996b). Human evaluative conditioning without experiencing a valued event. Learning and Motivation, 27, 278-293.
19. Janke, W., & Debus, G. (1978). Die Eigenschaftswörterliste (EWL) [The adjective check list (EWL)]. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
20. Levey, A. B., & Martin, I. (1975). Classical conditioning of human 'evaluative' responses. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 13, 221-226.
21. Maier, S. F. (1989). Learned helplessness: Event covariation and cognitive changes. In S. B. Klein & R. R. Mowrer (Eds.), Contemporary learning theories: Instrumental conditioning theory and the impact of biological constraints on learning (pp. 73-110). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
22. Martin, I., & Levey, A. B. (1978). Evaluative conditioning. Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy, 1, 57-101.
23. Martin, I., & Levey, A. B. (1987). Learning what will happen next: Conditioning, evaluation, and cognitive processes. In G. Davey (Ed.), Cognitive processes and Pavlovian conditioning in humans (pp. 57-81). Chichester, England: Wiley.
24. Martin, I., & Levey, A. B. (1994). The evaluative response: Primitive but necessary. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 301-305.
25. Miller, R. R., Hallam, S. C., & Grahame, N. J. (1990). Inflation of comparator stimuli following CS training. Animal Learning & Behavior, 18, 434-443.
26. Miller, R. R., & Matzel, L. D. (1988). The comparator hypothesis: A response rule for the expression of associations. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 22, pp. 51-92). San Diego: Academic Press.
27. Miller, R. R., & Schachtman, T. R. (1985). Conditioning context as an associative baseline: Implications for response generation and the nature of conditioned inhibition. In R. R. Miller & N. E. Spear (Eds.), Information processing in animals: Conditioned inhibition (pp. 51-88). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
28. Pearce, J. M., & Hall, G. (1980). A model for Pavlovian learning: Variations in the effectiveness of conditioned but not unconditioned stimuli. Psychological Review, 87, 532-552.
29. Randich, A., & LoLordo, V. M. (1979). Associative and nonassociative theories of the UCS preexposure phenomenon: Implications for Pavlovian conditioning. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 523-548.
30. Rescorla, R. A. (1980). Pavlovian second-order conditioning. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
31. Rescorla, R. A. (1996). Preservation of Pavlovian associations through extinction. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology B, 49, 245-258.
32. Rescorla, R. A., & Wagner, A. R. (1972). A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and non-reinforcement. In A. H. Black & W. F. Prokasy (Eds.), Classical conditioning II: Current theory and research (pp. 64-99). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
33. Rozin, P., & Zellner, D. (1985). The role of Pavlovian conditioning in the acquisition of food likes and dislikes. In N. S. Braveman & P. Bronstein (Eds.), Experimental assessments and clinical applications of conditioned food aversions (pp. 189-202). New York: New York Academy of Sciences.
34. Staats, A. W., & Staats, C. K. (1958). Attitudes established by classical conditioning. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 57, 37-40.
35. Stuart, E. W., Shimp, T. A., & Engle, R. W. (1987). Classical conditioning of consumer attitudes: Four experiments in an advertising context. Journal of Consumer Research, 14, 334-349.
36. Todrank, J., Byrnes, D., Wrzesniewski, A., & Rozin, P. (1995). Odors can change preferences for people in photographs: A cross-modal evaluative conditioning study with olfactory USs and visual CSs. Learning and Motivation, 26, 116-140.
37. Zajonc, R. B. (1968). Attitudinal effects of mere exposure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Monograph Supplement, 9(2, Pt. 2), 1-27.
38. Zellner, D. A., Rozin, P., Aron, M., & Kulish, C. (1983). Conditioned enhancement of human's liking for flavor by pairing with sweetness. Learning and Motivation, 14, 338-350.