Cyclosporin a treatment following spinal cord injury to the rat: Behavioral effects and stereological assessment of tissue sparing

Journal of Neurotrauma

Volumn 18, Issue 5, 2001, Pages 513-522

  Rabchevsky, Alexander G ^a   Fugaccia, Isabella ^a   Sullivan, Patrick G ^a   Scheff, Stephen W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

Author keywords

Immunosuppression; Lesion volume; Stereology; Traumatic brain injury

Indexed keywords

CYCLOSPORIN A; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG EFFICACY; FEMALE; LOCOMOTION; MALE; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; RAT; RATING SCALE; SPINAL CORD INJURY; TISSUE INJURY;

EID: 0035008642     PISSN: 08977151     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/089771501300227314     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. BALDWIN, S.A., FUGACCIA, I., BROWN, D.R., et al. (1996). Blood-brain barrier breach following cortical contusion in the rat. J. Neurosurg. 85, 476-481.
2. BALDWIN, S.A., BRODERICK, R., OSBOURNE, D., et al. (1998). The presence of 4-hydroxynonenal/protein complex as an indicator of oxidative stress after experimental spinal cord contusion in a rat model. J. Neurosurg. 88, 874-883.
3. BANCROFT, J.D., and STEVENS, A. (1996). Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques. Churchill Livingstone: New York.
4. BASSO, D.M., BEATTIE, M.S., and BRESNAHAN, J.C. (1996). Graded histological and locomotor outcomes after spinal cord contusion using the NYU weight-drop device versus transection. Exp. Neurol. 139, 244-256.
5. BEGLEY, D.J., SQUIRES, L.K., ZLOKOVIC, B.V., et al. (1990). Permeability of the blood-brain barrier to the immunosuppressive cyclic peptide cyclosporin A. J. Neurochem. 55, 1222-1230.
6. BUKI, A., OKONKWO, D.O., and POVLISHOCK, J.T. (1999). Postinjury cyclosporin A administration limits axonal damage and disconnection in traumatic brain injury. J. Neurotrauma 16, 511-521.
7. CEFALU, W.T., and PARDRIDGE, W.M. (1985). Restrictive transport of a lipid-soluble peptide (cyclosporin) through the blood-brain barrier. J. Neurochem. 45, 1954-1956.
8. DIAZ-RUIZ, A., RIOS, C., DUARTE, I., et al. (1999). Cyclosporin-A inhibits lipid peroxidation after spinal cord injury in rats. Neurosci. Lett. 266, 61-64.
9. FOLBERGROVA, J., LI, P.A., UCHINO, H., et al. (1997). Changes in the bioenergetic state of rat hippocampus during 2.5 min of ischemia, and prevention of cell damage by cyclosporin A in hyperglycemic subjects. Exp. Brain Res. 114, 44-50.
10. LEMKE, M., and FADEN, A.I. (1990). Edema development and ion changes in rat spinal cord after impact trauma: injury dose-response studies. J. Neurotrauma 7, 41-54.
11. LI, P.-A., UCHINO, H., ELMER, E., et al. (1997). Amelioration by cyclosporin A of brain damage following 5 to 10 min of ischemia in rats subjected to preischemic hyperglycemia. Brain Res. 753, 133-140.
12. LIU, D., THANGNIPON, W., and MCADOO, D.J. (1991). Exitatory amino acids rise to toxic levels upon impact injury to the rat spinal cord. Brain Res. 547, 344-348.
13. LONG, J.B., RIGAMONTI, D.D., OLESHANSKY, M. A., et al. (1994). Dynorphin A-induced rat spinal cord injury: evidence for excitatory amino acid involvement in a pharmacological model of ischemic spinal cord injury. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 269, 358-366.
14. MATSUMOTO, S., FRIBERG, H., FERRAND-DRAKE, M., et al. (1999). Blockade of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore diminishes infarct size in the rat after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 19, 736-741.
15. MICHEL, R.P., and CRUZ-ORIVE, L.M. (1988). Application of the Cavalieri principle and vertical sections method to lung: estimation of volume and pleural surface area. J. Microsc. 150, 117-136.
16. OKONKWO, D.O., and POVLISHOCK, J.T. (1999). An intrathecal bolus of cyclosporin A before injury preserves mitochondrial integrity and attenuates axonal disruption in traumatic brain injury. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 19, 443-451.
17. OKONKWO, D.O., BUKI, A., SIMAN, R., et al. (1999). Cyclosporin A limits calcium-induced axonal damage following traumatic brain injury. Neuroreport 10, 353-358.
18. OLBY, N.J., and BLAKEMORE, W.F. (1996a). A new method of quantifying the extent of tissue loss following spinal cord injury in the rat. Exp. Neurol. 138, 82-92.
19. OLBY, N.J., and BLAKEMORE, W.F. (1996b). Reconstruction of the glial environment of a photochemically induced lesion in the rat spinal cord by transplantation of mixed glial cells. J. Neurocytol. 25, 481-498.
20. OORSCHOT, D.E. (1994). Are you using neuronal densities, synaptic densities or neurochemical densities as your definitive data? There is a better way to go. Prog. Neurobiol. 44, 233-247.
21. PALLADINI, G., CARONTI, B., POZZESSERE, G., et al. (1996). Treatment with cyclosporin A promotes axonal regeneration in rats submitted to transverse section of the spinal cord. II. Recovery of function. J. Hirnforsch. 37, 145-153.
22. POPOVICH, P.G., HORNER, P.J., MULLIN, B.B., et al. (1996). A quantitative spatial analysis of the blood-spinal cord barrier. I. Permeability changes after experimental spinal contusion injury. Exp. Neurol. 142, 258-275.
23. RABCHEVSKY, A.G., FUGACCIA, I., FLETCHER-TURNER, A., et al. (1999). Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) enhances tissue sparing and functional recovery following moderate spinal cord injury. J. Neurotrauma 16, 817-830.
24. RABCHEVSKY, A.G., FUGACCIA, I., FLETCHER-TURNER, A., et al. (2000). Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) enhances functional recovery following severe spinal cord injury. Exp. Neurol. 164, 280-291.
25. SCHEFF, S.W., and SULLIVAN, P.G. (1999). Cyclosporin A significantly ameliorates cortical damage following experimental traumatic brain injury in rodents. J. Neurotrauma 16, 783-792.
26. SHIGA, Y., ONODERA, H., MATSUO, Y., et al. (1992). Cyclosporin A protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain. Brain Res. 595, 145-148.
27. SULLIVAN, P.G., KELLER, J.N., MATTSON, M.P., et al. (1998). Traumatic brain injury alters synaptic homeostasis: implications for impaired mitochondrial and transport function. J. Neurotrauma 15, 789-798.
28. SULLIVAN, P.G., THOMPSON, M.B., and SCHEFF, S.W. (1999). Cyclosporin A attenuates acute mitochondrial dysfunction following traumatic brain injury. Exp. Neurol. 160, 226-234.
29. SULLIVAN, P.G., THOMPSON, M., and SCHEFF, S.W. (2000). Continuous infusion of cyclosporin A postinjury significantly ameliorates cortical damage following traumatic brain injury. Exp. Neurol. 161, 631-637.
30. TATOR, C.H., and FEHLINGS, M.G. (1991). Review of the secondary injury theory of acute spinal cord trauma with emphasis on vascular mechanisms. J. Neurosurg. 75, 15-26.
31. TYMIANSKI, M., and TATOR, C.H. (1996). Normal and abnormal calcium homeostasis in neurons: a basis for the pathophysiology of traumatic and ischemic central nervous system injury. Neurosurgery 38, 1176-1195.
32. UCHINO, H., ELMER, E., UCHINO, K., et al. (1995). Cyclosporin A dramatically ameliorates CA1 hippocampal damage following transient forebrain ischaemia in the rat. Acta Physiol. Scand. 155, 469-471.
33. UCHINO, H., ELMER, E., UCHINO, K., et al. (1998). Amelioration by cyclosporin A of brain damage in transient forebrain ischemia in the rat. Brain Res. 812, 216-226.
34. WRATHALL, J.R., CHOINIERE, D., and TENG, Y.D. (1994). Dose-dependent reduction of tissue loss and functional impairment after spinal cord trauma with the AMPA/kainate antagonist NBQX. J. Neurosci. 14, 6598-6607.
35. YOSHIMOTO, T., and SIESJO, B.K. (1999). Posttreatment with the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A in transient focal ischemia. Brain Res. 839, 283-291.
36. YOUNG, W. (1992). Role of calcium in central nervous system injuries. J. Neurotrauma 9, Suppl 1, S9-S25.
37. YOUNG, W., YEN, V., and BLIGHT, A. (1982). Extracellular calcium ionic activity in experimental spinal cord contusion. Brain Res. 253, 105-113.