메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 142, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 258-275

A quantitative spatial analysis of the blood-spinal cord barrier I. Permeability changes after experimental spinal contusion injury

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; ASTROCYTE; AUTORADIOGRAPHY; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FETUS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; LAMINECTOMY; MICROGLIA; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; SPINAL CORD INJURY;

EID: 0030560684     PISSN: 00144886     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/exnr.1996.0196     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (228)

References (63)
  • 1
    • 0028919411 scopus 로고
    • A sensitive and reliable locomotor rating scale for open field testing in rats
    • 1. BASSO, D. M., M. S. BEATTIE, AND J. C. BRESNAHAN. 1995. A sensitive and reliable locomotor rating scale for open field testing in rats. J. Neurotrauma 12: 1-21.
    • (1995) J. Neurotrauma , vol.12 , pp. 1-21
    • Basso, D.M.1    Beattie, M.S.2    Bresnahan, J.C.3
  • 2
    • 0017112503 scopus 로고
    • Transendothelial vesicular transport of protein following compression injury to the spinal cord
    • 2. BEGGS, J. L., AND J. D. WAGGENER. 1976. Transendothelial vesicular transport of protein following compression injury to the spinal cord. Lab. Invest. 34: 428-439.
    • (1976) Lab. Invest. , vol.34 , pp. 428-439
    • Beggs, J.L.1    Waggener, J.D.2
  • 3
    • 0018339965 scopus 로고
    • The acute microvascular responses to spinal cord injury
    • (R. A. Thompson and J. R. Green, Eds.), Raven Press, New York
    • 3. BEGGS, J. L., AND J. D. WAGGENER 1979. The acute microvascular responses to spinal cord injury. In Complications of Nervous System Trauma (R. A. Thompson and J. R. Green, Eds.), pp. 179-189. Raven Press, New York.
    • (1979) Complications of Nervous System Trauma , pp. 179-189
    • Beggs, J.L.1    Waggener, J.D.2
  • 4
    • 0028293108 scopus 로고
    • Modeling of acute spinal cord injury in the rat: Neuroprotection and enhanced recovery with methylprednisolone, U-74006F, and YM-14673
    • 4. BEHRMANN, D. L., J. C. BRESNAHAN, AND M. S. BEATTIE. 1994. Modeling of acute spinal cord injury in the rat: neuroprotection and enhanced recovery with methylprednisolone, U-74006F, and YM-14673. Exp. Neurol. 126: 1-16.
    • (1994) Exp. Neurol. , vol.126 , pp. 1-16
    • Behrmann, D.L.1    Bresnahan, J.C.2    Beattie, M.S.3
  • 5
    • 0026472710 scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord injury produced by consistent mechanical displacement of the cord in rats: Behavioral and histologic analysis
    • 5. BEHRMANN, D. L., J. C. BRESNAHAN, M. S. BEATTIE, AND B. R. SHAH. 1992. Spinal cord injury produced by consistent mechanical displacement of the cord in rats: behavioral and histologic analysis. J. Neurotrauma 9: 197-217.
    • (1992) J. Neurotrauma , vol.9 , pp. 197-217
    • Behrmann, D.L.1    Bresnahan, J.C.2    Beattie, M.S.3    Shah, B.R.4
  • 6
    • 0013867766 scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of the mediated transport systems of amino acid uptake in brain
    • 6. BLASBERG, R., AND A. LAJTHA. 1966. Heterogeneity of the mediated transport systems of amino acid uptake in brain. Brain Res. 1: 86-104.
    • (1966) Brain Res. , vol.1 , pp. 86-104
    • Blasberg, R.1    Lajtha, A.2
  • 7
    • 0020522339 scopus 로고
    • Transport of α-aminoisobutyric acid across brain capillary and cellular membranes
    • 7. BLASBERG, R. G., J. D. FENSTERMACHER, AND C. S. PATLAK. 1983. Transport of α-aminoisobutyric acid across brain capillary and cellular membranes. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 3: 8-32.
    • (1983) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.3 , pp. 8-32
    • Blasberg, R.G.1    Fenstermacher, J.D.2    Patlak, C.S.3
  • 8
    • 0019266673 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative autoradiographic studies of brain edema and a comparison of multi-isotope autoradiographic techniques
    • (J. Cervos-Navarro and R. Ferszt, Eds.), Raven Press, New York
    • 8. BLASBERG, R. G., J. GAZENDAM, C. S. PATLAK, AND J. D. FENSTER-MACHER. 1980. Quantitative autoradiographic studies of brain edema and a comparison of multi-isotope autoradiographic techniques. In Advances in Neurology (J. Cervos-Navarro and R. Ferszt, Eds.), pp. 255-270. Raven Press, New York.
    • (1980) Advances in Neurology , pp. 255-270
    • Blasberg, R.G.1    Gazendam, J.2    Patlak, C.S.3    Fenster-Macher, J.D.4
  • 9
    • 0020572269 scopus 로고
    • Cellular morphology of chronic spinal cord injury in the cat: Analysis of myelinated axons by line-sampling
    • 9. BLIGHT, A. R. 1983. Cellular morphology of chronic spinal cord injury in the cat: analysis of myelinated axons by line-sampling. Neuroscience 10: 521-543.
    • (1983) Neuroscience , vol.10 , pp. 521-543
    • Blight, A.R.1
  • 10
    • 0022252884 scopus 로고
    • Delayed demyelination and macrophage invasion: A candidate for secondary cell damage in spinal cord injury
    • 10. BLIGHT, A. R. 1985. Delayed demyelination and macrophage invasion: a candidate for secondary cell damage in spinal cord injury. CNS Trauma 2: 299-315.
    • (1985) CNS Trauma , vol.2 , pp. 299-315
    • Blight, A.R.1
  • 11
    • 0026333744 scopus 로고
    • Morphometric analysis of blood vessels in chronic experimental spinal cord injury: Hypervascularity and recovery of function
    • 11. BLIGHT, A. R. 1991. Morphometric analysis of blood vessels in chronic experimental spinal cord injury: hypervascularity and recovery of function. J. Neurol. Sci. 106: 158-174.
    • (1991) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.106 , pp. 158-174
    • Blight, A.R.1
  • 12
    • 0022444725 scopus 로고
    • Morphometric analysis of experimental spinal cord injury in the cat: The relation of injury intensity to survival of myelinated axons
    • 12. BLIGHT, A. R., AND V. DECRESCITO. 1986. Morphometric analysis of experimental spinal cord injury in the cat: the relation of injury intensity to survival of myelinated axons. Neuroscience 19: 321-341.
    • (1986) Neuroscience , vol.19 , pp. 321-341
    • Blight, A.R.1    Decrescito, V.2
  • 13
    • 0027764234 scopus 로고
    • Increased levels of the excitotoxin quinolinic acid in spinal cord following contusion injury
    • 13. BLIGHT, A. R., K. SAITO, AND M. P. HEYES. 1993. Increased levels of the excitotoxin quinolinic acid in spinal cord following contusion injury. Brain Res. 632: 314-316.
    • (1993) Brain Res. , vol.632 , pp. 314-316
    • Blight, A.R.1    Saito, K.2    Heyes, M.P.3
  • 15
    • 0017169750 scopus 로고
    • A neuroanatomical analysis of spinal cord injury in Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)
    • 15. BRESNAHAN, J. C., J. S. KING, G. F. MARTIN, AND D. YASHON. 1976. A neuroanatomical analysis of spinal cord injury in Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). J. Neurol. Sci. 28: 521-542.
    • (1976) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.28 , pp. 521-542
    • Bresnahan, J.C.1    King, J.S.2    Martin, G.F.3    Yashon, D.4
  • 16
    • 0025364259 scopus 로고
    • An investigation into the early stages of the inflammatory response following ibotenic acid-induced neuronal degeneration
    • 16. COFFEY, P. J., V. H. PERRY, AND J. N. P. RAWLINS. 1990. An investigation into the early stages of the inflammatory response following ibotenic acid-induced neuronal degeneration.Neuroscience 35(1): 121-132.
    • (1990) Neuroscience , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 121-132
    • Coffey, P.J.1    Perry, V.H.2    Rawlins, J.N.P.3
  • 17
    • 0025093295 scopus 로고
    • Macrophages can modify the nonpermissive nature of the adult mammalian central nervous system
    • 17. DAVID, S., C. BOUCHARD, O. TSATAS, AND N. GIFTOCHRISTOS. 1990. Macrophages can modify the nonpermissive nature of the adult mammalian central nervous system. Neuron 5: 463-469.
    • (1990) Neuron , vol.5 , pp. 463-469
    • David, S.1    Bouchard, C.2    Tsatas, O.3    Giftochristos, N.4
  • 18
    • 0028326548 scopus 로고
    • Secondary cell death and the inflammatory reaction after dorsal hemisection of the rat spinal cord
    • 18. DUSART, I., AND M. E. SCHWAB. 1993. Secondary cell death and the inflammatory reaction after dorsal hemisection of the rat spinal cord. Eur. J. Neurosci. 6: 712-724.
    • (1993) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.6 , pp. 712-724
    • Dusart, I.1    Schwab, M.E.2
  • 19
    • 0022374597 scopus 로고
    • Current models of blood-brain transfer
    • 19. FENSTERMACHER, J. D. 1985. Current models of blood-brain transfer. Trends Neurosci. 8: 449-453.
    • (1985) Trends Neurosci. , vol.8 , pp. 449-453
    • Fenstermacher, J.D.1
  • 20
    • 0019783061 scopus 로고
    • Methods for quantifying the transport of drugs across the brain barrier systems
    • 20. FENSTERMACHER, J. D., R. G. BLASBERG, AND C. S. PATLAK. 1981. Methods for quantifying the transport of drugs across the brain barrier systems. Pharmacol. Ther. 14: 217-248.
    • (1981) Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.14 , pp. 217-248
    • Fenstermacher, J.D.1    Blasberg, R.G.2    Patlak, C.S.3
  • 21
    • 0026709574 scopus 로고
    • The effects of high-dose methylprednisolone on gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid measurements in multiple sclerosis
    • 21. FREQUIN, S. T. F. M., F. BARKHOF, K. J. B. LAMERS, AND O. R. HOMMES. 1992. The effects of high-dose methylprednisolone on gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid measurements in multiple sclerosis. J. Neuroimmunol. 40: 265-272.
    • (1992) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.40 , pp. 265-272
    • Frequin, S.T.F.M.1    Barkhof, F.2    Lamers, K.J.B.3    Hommes, O.R.4
  • 23
    • 0024852196 scopus 로고
    • The role of mononuclear phagocytes in wound healing after traumatic injury to adult mammalian brain
    • 23. GIULIAN, D., J. CHEN, J. E. INGEMAN, J. K. GEORGE, AND M. NOPONEN. 1989. The role of mononuclear phagocytes in wound healing after traumatic injury to adult mammalian brain. J. Neurosci. 9: 4416-4429.
    • (1989) J. Neurosci. , vol.9 , pp. 4416-4429
    • Giulian, D.1    Chen, J.2    Ingeman, J.E.3    George, J.K.4    Noponen, M.5
  • 25
    • 0024255828 scopus 로고
    • Axotomy of the rat facial nerve leads to increased CR3 complement receptor expression by activated microglial cells
    • 25. GRAEBER, M. B., W. J. STREIT, AND G. W. KREUTZBERG. 1988. Axotomy of the rat facial nerve leads to increased CR3 complement receptor expression by activated microglial cells. J. Neurosci. Res. 21: 18-24.
    • (1988) J. Neurosci. Res. , vol.21 , pp. 18-24
    • Graeber, M.B.1    Streit, W.J.2    Kreutzberg, G.W.3
  • 26
    • 0018269663 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural appearances of the spinal microvasculature between 12 hours and 5 days after impact injury
    • 26. GRIFFITHS, I. R., M. MCCOLLOCH, AND R. A. CRAWFORD. 1978. Ultrastructural appearances of the spinal microvasculature between 12 hours and 5 days after impact injury. Acta Neuropathol. (Berlin) 43: 205-211.
    • (1978) Acta Neuropathol. (Berlin) , vol.43 , pp. 205-211
    • Griffiths, I.R.1    McColloch, M.2    Crawford, R.A.3
  • 27
    • 0028006363 scopus 로고
    • Inflammation after axonal injury has conflicting consequences for recovery of function: Rescue of spared axons is impaired but regeneration is supported
    • 27. HIRSCHBERG, D. L., E. YOLES, M. BELKIN, AND M. SCHWARTZ. 1994. Inflammation after axonal injury has conflicting consequences for recovery of function: rescue of spared axons is impaired but regeneration is supported. J. Neuroimmunol. 50: 9-16.
    • (1994) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.50 , pp. 9-16
    • Hirschberg, D.L.1    Yoles, E.2    Belkin, M.3    Schwartz, M.4
  • 28
    • 0028800715 scopus 로고
    • Cytokines and the nervous system I: Expression and recognition
    • 28. HOPKINS, S. J., AND N. J. ROTHWELL. 1995. Cytokines and the nervous system I: expression and recognition. Trends Neurosci. 18: 83-88.
    • (1995) Trends Neurosci. , vol.18 , pp. 83-88
    • Hopkins, S.J.1    Rothwell, N.J.2
  • 29
    • 0025047405 scopus 로고
    • Methylprednisolone in spinal cord injury: The possible mechanism of action
    • 29. HSU, C. Y., AND M. R. DIMITRIJEVIC. 1990. Methylprednisolone in spinal cord injury: The possible mechanism of action. J. Neurotrauma 7(3): 115-119.
    • (1990) J. Neurotrauma , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 115-119
    • Hsu, C.Y.1    Dimitrijevic, M.R.2
  • 31
    • 0021164553 scopus 로고
    • Blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barrier permeability during the course of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the rat
    • 31. JUHLER, M., D. I. BARRY, H. OFFNER, G. KONAT, L. KLINKEN, AND O. B. PAULSON. 1984. Blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barrier permeability during the course of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the rat. Brain Res. 302: 347-355.
    • (1984) Brain Res. , vol.302 , pp. 347-355
    • Juhler, M.1    Barry, D.I.2    Offner, H.3    Konat, G.4    Klinken, L.5    Paulson, O.B.6
  • 33
    • 0018894346 scopus 로고
    • Vascular permeability associated with axonal regeneration in the optic system of the goldfish
    • 33. KIERNAN, J. A., AND A. CONTESTABILE. 1980. Vascular permeability associated with axonal regeneration in the optic system of the goldfish. Acta Neuropathol. (Berlin) 51: 39-45.
    • (1980) Acta Neuropathol. (Berlin) , vol.51 , pp. 39-45
    • Kiernan, J.A.1    Contestabile, A.2
  • 35
    • 0026321205 scopus 로고
    • Brain macrophages and microglia respond differently to lesions of the developing and adult visual system
    • 35. LEVITT, P., AND T. J. CUNNINGHAM. 1991. Brain macrophages and microglia respond differently to lesions of the developing and adult visual system. J. Comp. Neurol. 314: 136-146.
    • (1991) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.314 , pp. 136-146
    • Levitt, P.1    Cunningham, T.J.2
  • 36
    • 0025936608 scopus 로고
    • Inflammation near the nerve cell body enhances axonal regeneration
    • 36. LU, X., AND P. M. RICHARDSON. 1991. Inflammation near the nerve cell body enhances axonal regeneration. J. Neurosci. 11: 972-978.
    • (1991) J. Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 972-978
    • Lu, X.1    Richardson, P.M.2
  • 38
    • 0021249299 scopus 로고
    • Activated T lymphocytes produce a matrix-degrading heparan sulphate endoglycosidase
    • 38. NAPARSTEK, Y., I. R. COHEN, Z. FUKS, AND I. VLODAVSKY. 1984. Activated T lymphocytes produce a matrix-degrading heparan sulphate endoglycosidase. Nature 310: 241-244.
    • (1984) Nature , vol.310 , pp. 241-244
    • Naparstek, Y.1    Cohen, I.R.2    Fuks, Z.3    Vlodavsky, I.4
  • 39
    • 0023147156 scopus 로고
    • Secretory products of macrophages
    • 39. NATHAN, C. F. 1987. Secretory products of macrophages. J. Clin. Invest. 79: 319-326.
    • (1987) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.79 , pp. 319-326
    • Nathan, C.F.1
  • 40
    • 0024515595 scopus 로고
    • Distribution and time course of protein extravasation in the rat spinal cord after contusive injury
    • 40. NOBLE, L. J., AND J. R. WRATHALL. 1989. Distribution and time course of protein extravasation in the rat spinal cord after contusive injury. Brain Res. 482: 57-66.
    • (1989) Brain Res. , vol.482 , pp. 57-66
    • Noble, L.J.1    Wrathall, J.R.2
  • 41
    • 0018237164 scopus 로고
    • Lower limits of cerebrovascular permeability to nonelectrolytes in the conscious rat
    • 41. OHNO, K., K. D. PETTIGREW, AND S. I. RAPOPORT. 1978. Lower limits of cerebrovascular permeability to nonelectrolytes in the conscious rat. Am. J. Physiol. 253: H299-H307.
    • (1978) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.253
    • Ohno, K.1    Pettigrew, K.D.2    Rapoport, S.I.3
  • 42
    • 0015321825 scopus 로고
    • Altered norepinephrine metabolism following experimental spinal cord injury part 1: Relationship to hemorrhagic necrosis and post-wounding deficits
    • 42. OSTERHOLM, J. L., AND G. J. MATHEWS. 1972. Altered norepinephrine metabolism following experimental spinal cord injury Part 1: Relationship to hemorrhagic necrosis and post-wounding deficits. J. Neurosurg. 36: 386-394.
    • (1972) J. Neurosurg. , vol.36 , pp. 386-394
    • Osterholm, J.L.1    Mathews, G.J.2
  • 44
    • 0028047244 scopus 로고
    • Elevation of the neurotoxin quinolinic acid occurs following spinal contusion injury
    • 44. POPOVICH, P. G., J. F. REINHARD, JR., E. M. FLANAGAN, AND B. T. STOKES. 1994. Elevation of the neurotoxin quinolinic acid occurs following spinal contusion injury. Brain Res. 633: 348-352.
    • (1994) Brain Res. , vol.633 , pp. 348-352
    • Popovich, P.G.1    Reinhard J.F., Jr.2    Flanagan, E.M.3    Stokes, B.T.4
  • 45
    • 0027302532 scopus 로고
    • Differential expression of MHC class II antigen in the contused rat spinal cord
    • 45. POPOVICH, P. G., W. J. STREIT, AND B. T. STOKES. 1993. Differential expression of MHC class II antigen in the contused rat spinal cord. J. Neurotrauma 10(1): 37-46.
    • (1993) J. Neurotrauma , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-46
    • Popovich, P.G.1    Streit, W.J.2    Stokes, B.T.3
  • 46
    • 0025796754 scopus 로고
    • A sensitive fluorometric method for measurement of vascular permeability in spinal cord injury
    • 46. QU, Z., J. XU, P. PEROT, AND E. L. HOGAN. 1991. A sensitive fluorometric method for measurement of vascular permeability in spinal cord injury. J. Neurotrauma 8(2): 149-156.
    • (1991) J. Neurotrauma , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 149-156
    • Qu, Z.1    Xu, J.2    Perot, P.3    Hogan, E.L.4
  • 47
    • 0014109002 scopus 로고
    • Fine structural localization of a blood-brain barrier to exogenous peroxidase
    • 47. REESE, T. S., AND M. J. KARNOVSKY. 1967. Fine structural localization of a blood-brain barrier to exogenous peroxidase. J. Cell Biol. 34: 207-217.
    • (1967) J. Cell Biol. , vol.34 , pp. 207-217
    • Reese, T.S.1    Karnovsky, M.J.2
  • 48
    • 0024413323 scopus 로고
    • A persistent defect in the blood-brain barrier after ventral funiculus lesion in adult cats: Implications for CNS regeneration
    • 48. RISLING, M., H. LINDA, S. CULLHEIM, AND P. FRANSON. 1989. A persistent defect in the blood-brain barrier after ventral funiculus lesion in adult cats: implications for CNS regeneration. Brain Res. 494: 13-21.
    • (1989) Brain Res. , vol.494 , pp. 13-21
    • Risling, M.1    Linda, H.2    Cullheim, S.3    Franson, P.4
  • 49
    • 0028869476 scopus 로고
    • Cytokines and the nervous system II: Actions and mechanisms of action
    • 49. ROTHWELL, N. J., AND S. J. HOPKINS. 1995. Cytokines and the nervous system II: actions and mechanisms of action. Trends Neurosci. 18: 130-136.
    • (1995) Trends Neurosci. , vol.18 , pp. 130-136
    • Rothwell, N.J.1    Hopkins, S.J.2
  • 50
    • 0020594456 scopus 로고
    • Regional metabolic changes in the spinal cord related to spinal shock and later hyperreflexia in monkeys
    • 50. SCHWARTZMAN, R. J., E. EIDELBERG, G. M. ALEXANDER, AND J. YU. 1983. Regional metabolic changes in the spinal cord related to spinal shock and later hyperreflexia in monkeys. Ann. Neurol. 14: 33-37.
    • (1983) Ann. Neurol. , vol.14 , pp. 33-37
    • Schwartzman, R.J.1    Eidelberg, E.2    Alexander, G.M.3    Yu, J.4
  • 51
    • 0025154920 scopus 로고
    • Glucose utilization and reflex activity of the transected rat spinal cord
    • 51. SCREMIN, O. U., M. O'NEAL, AND A. M. E. SCREMIN. 1990. Glucose utilization and reflex activity of the transected rat spinal cord. Brain Res. 531: 203-210.
    • (1990) Brain Res. , vol.531 , pp. 203-210
    • Scremin, O.U.1    O'Neal, M.2    Scremin, A.M.E.3
  • 52
    • 0027360433 scopus 로고
    • Prostaglandins modulate alterations of microvascular permeability, blood flow, edema and serotonin levels following spinal cord injury: An experimental study in the rat
    • 52. SHARMA, H. S., Y. OLSSON, F. NYBERG, AND P. K. DEY. 1993. Prostaglandins modulate alterations of microvascular permeability, blood flow, edema and serotonin levels following spinal cord injury: an experimental study in the rat. Neuroscience 57: 443-449.
    • (1993) Neuroscience , vol.57 , pp. 443-449
    • Sharma, H.S.1    Olsson, Y.2    Nyberg, F.3    Dey, P.K.4
  • 53
    • 0023107502 scopus 로고
    • Nerve growth factor (NGF) in serum: Evaluation of serum NGF levels with a sensitive bioassay employing embryonic sensory neruons
    • 53. STEPHANI, U., A. SUTTER, AND A. ZIMMERMANN. 1987. Nerve growth factor (NGF) in serum: evaluation of serum NGF levels with a sensitive bioassay employing embryonic sensory neruons. J. Neurosci. Res. 17: 25-32.
    • (1987) J. Neurosci. Res. , vol.17 , pp. 25-32
    • Stephani, U.1    Sutter, A.2    Zimmermann, A.3
  • 54
    • 0026808643 scopus 로고
    • Experimental spinal cord injury: A dynamic and verifiable injury device
    • 54. STOKES, B. T. 1992. Experimental spinal cord injury: A dynamic and verifiable injury device. J. Neurotrauma 9(2): 129-134.
    • (1992) J. Neurotrauma , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 129-134
    • Stokes, B.T.1
  • 55
    • 0026458725 scopus 로고
    • An electromechanical spinal injury technique with dynamic sensitivity
    • 55. STOKES, B. T., D. H. NOYES, AND D. L. BEHRMANN. 1992. An electromechanical spinal injury technique with dynamic sensitivity. J. Neurotrauma 9(3): 187-195.
    • (1992) J. Neurotrauma , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 187-195
    • Stokes, B.T.1    Noyes, D.H.2    Behrmann, D.L.3
  • 56
    • 0024199439 scopus 로고
    • Functional plasticity of microglia: A review
    • 56. STREIT, W. J., M. B. GRAEBER, AND G. W. KREUTZBERG. 1988. Functional plasticity of microglia: A review. GLIA 1: 301-307.
    • (1988) GLIA , vol.1 , pp. 301-307
    • Streit, W.J.1    Graeber, M.B.2    Kreutzberg, G.W.3
  • 57
    • 0026326449 scopus 로고
    • Review of the secondary injury theory of acute spinal cord trauma with emphasis on vascular mechanisms
    • 57. TATOR, C. H., AND M. G. FEHLINGS. 1991. Review of the secondary injury theory of acute spinal cord trauma with emphasis on vascular mechanisms. J. Neurosurg. 75: 15-26.
    • (1991) J. Neurosurg. , vol.75 , pp. 15-26
    • Tator, C.H.1    Fehlings, M.G.2
  • 58
    • 0026901454 scopus 로고
    • A breakdown of the blood-brain barrier is associated with optic nerve regeneration in the frog
    • 58. TENNANT, M., AND L. D. BEAZLEY. 1992. A breakdown of the blood-brain barrier is associated with optic nerve regeneration in the frog. Visual Neurosci. 9: 149-155.
    • (1992) Visual Neurosci. , vol.9 , pp. 149-155
    • Tennant, M.1    Beazley, L.D.2
  • 59
    • 0019582580 scopus 로고
    • Effect of trauma dose on spinal cord edema
    • 59. WAGNER, F. C., AND W. B. STEWART. 1981. Effect of trauma dose on spinal cord edema. J. Neurosurg. 54: 802-806.
    • (1981) J. Neurosurg. , vol.54 , pp. 802-806
    • Wagner, F.C.1    Stewart, W.B.2
  • 60
    • 0023694127 scopus 로고
    • Mediators of blood-brain barrier dysfunction and formation of vasogenic brain edema
    • 60. WAHL, M., A. UNTERBERG, A. BAETHMANN, AND L. SCHILLING. 1988. Mediators of blood-brain barrier dysfunction and formation of vasogenic brain edema. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 8: 621-634.
    • (1988) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.8 , pp. 621-634
    • Wahl, M.1    Unterberg, A.2    Baethmann, A.3    Schilling, L.4
  • 61
    • 0019514812 scopus 로고
    • Control of vascular permeability by polymorphonuclear leukocytes in inflammation
    • 61. WEDMORE, C. V. AND T. J. WILLIAMS. 1981. Control of vascular permeability by polymorphonuclear leukocytes in inflammation. Nature 289: 646-650.
    • (1981) Nature , vol.289 , pp. 646-650
    • Wedmore, C.V.1    Williams, T.J.2
  • 62
    • 0026348325 scopus 로고
    • Kininogen and kinin in experimental spinal cord injury
    • 62. XU, J., C. Y. HSU, H. JUNKER, E. L. HOGAN, AND J. CHAO. 1991. Kininogen and kinin in experimental spinal cord injury. J. Neurochem. 57: 975-980.
    • (1991) J. Neurochem. , vol.57 , pp. 975-980
    • Xu, J.1    Hsu, C.Y.2    Junker, H.3    Hogan, E.L.4    Chao, J.5
  • 63
    • 0026465056 scopus 로고
    • Protective effect of methylprednisolone on vascular injury in rat spinal cord injury
    • 63. XU, J., Z. X. QU, E. L. HOGAN, AND P. L. PEROT, JR. 1992. Protective effect of methylprednisolone on vascular injury in rat spinal cord injury. J. Neurotrauma 9: 245-253.
    • (1992) J. Neurotrauma , vol.9 , pp. 245-253
    • Xu, J.1    Qu, Z.X.2    Hogan, E.L.3    Perot P.L., Jr.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.