메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 48, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 81-103

The interrelationships of metazoan parasites: A review of phylum- and higher-level hypotheses from recent morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses

Author keywords

Acanthocephala; Mesozoa; Myxozoa; Myzostomida; Nematoda; Nematomorpha; Neodermata; Parasitism; Pentastomida; Phylogeny; Seisonida

Indexed keywords

ACANTHOCEPHALA; ACOELOMORPHA; ANIMALIA; ANNELIDA; ARTHROPODA; BRANCHIURA; BUDDENBROCKIA; CNIDARIA; CRUSTACEA; ECDYSOZOA; HYDROZOA; ICHTHYOSTRACA; INVERTEBRATA; MALACOSPOREA; MESOZOA; METAZOA; MYXOSPOREA; MYXOZOA; MYZOSTOMIDA; NEMATODA; NEMATOMORPHA; NEODERMATA; PARAROTATORIA; PENTASTOMIDA; PLATYHELMINTHES; POLYPODIUM; PROTOZOA; ROTIFERA; SEISON; SEISONIDA; TREMATODA; VERMES;

EID: 0034956458     PISSN: 00155683     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.14411/fp.2001.013     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (73)

References (198)
  • 4
    • 21444441378 scopus 로고
    • Comparative morphological analysis of the organization of cephalorhynch worms, the phylogeny and the system of the phylum Cephalorhyncha. 5. Phylogeny and system
    • In Russian
    • (1995) Zool. Zh. , vol.74 , pp. 19-27
    • Adrianov, A.V.1    Malakhov, V.V.2
  • 7
    • 21344492941 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructure of the protonephridia of Seison annulatus (Rotifera)
    • (1993) Zoomorphology , vol.113 , pp. 245-251
    • Ahlrichs, W.1
  • 8
    • 0031497490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidermal ultrastructure of Seison nebaliae and Seison annulatus, and a comparison of epidermal structures within the Gnathifera
    • (1997) Zoomorphology , vol.117 , pp. 41-48
    • Ahlrichs, W.H.1
  • 9
    • 0032274727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spermatogenesis and ultrastructure of the spermatozoa of Seison nebaliae (Syndermata)
    • (1998) Zoomorphology , vol.118 , pp. 255-261
    • Ahlrichs, W.H.1
  • 10
    • 0030967628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Syncytial organization of acanthors of Polymorphus minutus (Palaeacanthocephala), Neoechinorhynchus rutili (Eoacanthocephala), and Moniliformis moniliformis (Archiacanthocephala) (Acanthocephala)
    • (1997) Parasitol. Res. , vol.83 , pp. 326-338
    • Albrecht, H.1    Ehlers, U.2    Taraschewski, H.3
  • 31
    • 0001107487 scopus 로고
    • A 6-kingdom classification and a unified phylogeny
    • W. Schwemmler and H.E.A. Schenk (Eds.). De Gruyter, Berlin
    • (1983) Endocytobiology , vol.2 , pp. 1027-1034
    • Cavalier-Smith, T.1
  • 33
    • 0030803907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amoeboflagellates and mitochondrial cristae in eukaryote evolution: Mega-systematics of the new protozoan subkingdoms Eozoa and Neozoa
    • (1997) Arch. Protistenkd. , vol.147 , pp. 237-258
    • Cavalier-Smith, T.1
  • 37
    • 0001236887 scopus 로고
    • The phylogeny of rotifers - Molecular, ultrastructural and behavioral data
    • (1993) Hydrobiologia , vol.255 , pp. 527-544
    • Clément, P.1
  • 40
    • 0000483596 scopus 로고
    • Kantharella antarctica, a new and unusual dicyemid mesozoan from the Antarctic
    • (1994) Zool. Anz. , vol.232 , pp. 151-158
    • Czaker, R.1
  • 41
    • 0034194131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracellular matrix (ECM) components in a very primitive multicellular animal, the dicyemid mesozoan Kantharella antarctica
    • (2000) Anat. Rec. , vol.259 , pp. 52-59
    • Czaker, R.1
  • 43
    • 0031867427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symbioses in Amphipholis squamata (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Amphiuridae): Geographical variation of infestation and effect of symbionts on the host's light production
    • (1998) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.28 , pp. 1413-1424
    • Deheyn, D.1    Watson, N.A.2    Jangoux, M.3
  • 44
    • 0033621648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonial origin for Eumetazoa: Major morphological transitions and the origin of bilaterian complexity
    • (2000) J. Morphol. , vol.243 , pp. 35-74
    • Dewel, R.A.1
  • 47
    • 0002182111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycomyzostoma calcidicola gen. et sp. nov., the first extant parasitic myzostome infesting crinoid stalks, with a nomenclatural appendix by M.J. Grygier
    • (1998) Species Diversity , vol.3 , pp. 89-103
    • Eeckhaut, I.1
  • 49
    • 0002820453 scopus 로고
    • Fine structure of spermatophore and intradermic penetration of sperm cells in Myzostoma cirriferum (Annelida, Myzostomida)
    • (1991) Zoomorphology , vol.111 , pp. 49-58
    • Eeckhaut, I.1    Jangoux, M.2
  • 51
    • 0027846270 scopus 로고
    • Life cycle and mode of infestation of Myzostoma cirriferum (Annelida), a symbiotic myzostomid of the comatulid crinoid Antedon bifida (Echinodermata)
    • (1993) Dis. Aquat. Org. , vol.15 , pp. 207-217
    • Eeckhaut, I.1    Jangoux, M.2
  • 54
  • 55
    • 21144478751 scopus 로고
    • Frontal glandular and sensory structures in Nemertoderma (Nemertodermatida) and Paratomella (Acoela) - Ultrastructure and phylogenetic implications for the monophyly of the Euplathelminthes (Platyhelminthes)
    • (1992) Zoomorphology , vol.112 , pp. 227-236
    • Ehlers, U.1
  • 56
    • 0033496753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spermiogenesis in Seison nebaliae (Rotifera, Seisonidea): Further evidence of a rotifer-acanthocephalan relationship
    • (1999) Tissue Cell , vol.31 , pp. 428-440
    • Ferraguti, M.1    Melone, G.2
  • 67
    • 0033935083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of arthropod phylogeny: New data based on ribosomal DNA sequences and direct character optimization
    • (2000) Cladistics , vol.16 , pp. 204-231
    • Giribet, G.1    Ribera, C.2
  • 68
    • 0038971589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing hypotheses of chaetognath origins: Long branches revealed by 18S ribosomal DNA
    • (1996) Syst. Biol. , vol.45 , pp. 223-246
    • Halanych, K.M.1
  • 74
    • 0035060148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First description of an apical epidermis cone in Paratenuisentis ambiguus (Acanthocephala: Eoacanthocephala) and its phylogenetic implications
    • (2001) Parasitol. Res. , vol.87 , pp. 306-310
    • Herlyn, H.1
  • 79
    • 0032419088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notentera ivanovi Joffe et al., 1997: A contribution to the question of phylogenetic relationships between 'turbellarians' and the parasitic Plathelminthes (Neodermata)
    • (1998) Hydrobiologia , vol.383 , pp. 245-250
    • Joffe, B.I.1    Kornakova, E.E.2
  • 90
    • 0033120442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new variant of the neodermatan-type spermiogenesis in a parasitic 'turbellarian', Notentera ivanovi (Platyhelminthes) and the origin of the Neodermata
    • (1999) Acta Zool. , vol.80 , pp. 135-151
    • Kornakova, E.E.1    Joffe, B.I.2
  • 91
    • 38149147195 scopus 로고
    • The structure and origin of the plasmodium of Rhopalura ophiocomae (phylum Orthonectida)
    • (1994) Acta Zool. , vol.75 , pp. 191-199
    • Kozloff, E.N.1
  • 102
    • 0031426719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural features of the actinosporean phase of Myxosporea (phylum Myxozoa): A comparative study
    • (1997) Acta Protozool. , vol.36 , pp. 83-103
    • Lom, J.1    Dyková, I.2
  • 105
    • 0034533862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructure of larval and adult setae of Brachiopoda
    • (2000) Zool. Anz. , vol.239 , pp. 75-90
    • Lüter, C.1
  • 111
    • 33746134411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deciphering metazoan phylogeny: The need for additional molecular data
    • (1998) Am. Zool. , vol.38 , pp. 859-866
    • McHugh, D.1
  • 112
    • 0027947821 scopus 로고
    • The spermatozoon of Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera, Monogononta) with some notes on sperm ultrastructure in Rotifera
    • (1994) Acta Zool. , vol.75 , pp. 81-88
    • Melone, G.1    Ferraguti, M.2
  • 116
    • 0035117181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny of the Acanthocephala based on morphological characters
    • (2001) Syst. Parasitol. , vol.48 , pp. 81-116
    • Monks, S.1
  • 117
    • 17344391258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of the nervous system of Myzostoma cirriferum (Annelida) as revealed by immunohistochemistry and cLSM analyses
    • (2000) J. Morphol. , vol.245 , pp. 87-98
    • Müller, M.C.1    Westheide, W.2
  • 126
    • 0001855614 scopus 로고
    • Fine structure of the nematocysts of Polypodium hydriforme Ussov (Cnidaria)
    • (1990) Zool. Scr. , vol.19 , pp. 1-11
    • Raikova, E.V.1
  • 127
    • 0028049303 scopus 로고
    • Life cycle, cytology, and morphology of Polypodium hydriforme, a coelenterate parasite of the eggs of acipenseriform fishes
    • (1994) J. Parasitol. , vol.80 , pp. 1-22
    • Raikova, E.V.1
  • 129
    • 0032890277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microtubular system during spermiogenesis and in the spermatozoon of Convoluta saliens (Platyhelminthes, Acoela): Tubulin immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy
    • (1999) Mol. Reprod. Dev. , vol.52 , pp. 74-85
    • Raikova, O.I.1    Justine, J.-L.2
  • 132
    • 0030857448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular phylogeny of the major arthropod groups indicates polyphyly of crustaceans and a new hypothesis for the origin of hexapods
    • (1997) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.14 , pp. 902-913
    • Regier, J.C.1    Shultz, J.W.2
  • 133
    • 22444453034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular phylogeny of arthropods and the significance of the Cambrian "explosion" for molecular systematics
    • (1998) Am. Zool. , vol.38 , pp. 918-928
    • Regier, J.C.1    Shultz, J.W.2
  • 135
    • 0032457855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are lemnisci and proboscis present in the Bdelloidea?
    • (1998) Hydrobiologia , vol.387 , pp. 93-96
    • Ricci, C.1
  • 138
    • 0029662744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robust phylogenies and adaptive radiations: A critical examination of methods used to identify key innovations
    • (1996) Am. Nat. , vol.148 , pp. 481-500
    • Rohde, K.1
  • 139
    • 0031450931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origins of parasitism in the Platyhelminthes: A summary interpreted on the basis of recent literature
    • (1997) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.27 , pp. 739-746
    • Rohde, K.1
  • 141
    • 0032934772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trochophore concepts: Ciliary bands and the evolution of larvae in spiralian Metazoa
    • (1999) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.66 , pp. 411-464
    • Rouse, G.W.1
  • 151
    • 0001101181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic relationships of the Nematomorpha - A discussion of current hypotheses
    • (1998) Zool. Anz. , vol.236 , pp. 203-216
    • Schmidt-Rhaesa, A.1
  • 160
    • 0033785582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A fundamental problem with amino-acid sequence characters for phylogenetic analyses
    • (2000) Cladistics , vol.16 , pp. 274-282
    • Simmons, M.P.1
  • 161
    • 0001651834 scopus 로고
    • Fine structure of the female Intoshia variabili (Alexandrov and Sljusarev) (Mesozoa, Orthonectida)
    • (1994) Acta Zool. , vol.75 , pp. 311-321
    • Slyusarev, G.S.1
  • 162
    • 0033992687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fine structure and development of the cuticle of Intoshia variabili (Orthonectida)
    • (2000) Acta Zool. , vol.81 , pp. 1-8
    • Slyusarev, G.S.1
  • 163
    • 0031680059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fine structure of the mature plasmodium of Intoshia variabili (phylum Orthonecta), a parasite of the platyhelminth Macrorhynchus crocea
    • (1998) Acta Zool. , vol.79 , pp. 319-327
    • Slyusarev, G.S.1    Miller, D.M.2
  • 165
    • 0033992684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An SEM study of the jaws of Haplognathia rosea and Rastrognathia macrostoma (Gnathostomulida), with a preliminary comparison with the rotiferan trophi
    • (2000) Acta Zool. , vol.81 , pp. 9-16
    • Sørensen, M.V.1
  • 178
    • 0028563463 scopus 로고
    • An exceptionally preserved parasitic arthropod, Heymonsicambria taylori n. sp. (Arthropoda incertae sedis, Pentastomida), from Cambrian-Ordovician boundary beds of Newfoundland, Canada
    • (1994) Can. J. Earth Sci. , vol.31 , pp. 1664-1671
    • Walossek, D.1    Repetski, J.E.2    Muller, K.J.3
  • 180
    • 0030949609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proximo-distal fusion of flagella during spermiogenesis in the "turbellarian'" platyhelminth Urastoma cyprinae, and phylogenetic implications
    • (1997) Invertebr. Reprod. Dev. , vol.32 , pp. 107-117
    • Watson, N.A.1
  • 182
    • 0028878618 scopus 로고
    • Sequence alignment, parameter sensitivity and the phylogenetic analysis of molecular data
    • (1994) Syst. Biol. , vol.44 , pp. 321-331
    • Wheeler, W.C.1
  • 183
    • 0002528124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sampling, groundplans, total evidence and the systematics of arthropods
    • R.A. Fortey and R.H. Thomas (Eds.). Chapman and Hall, London
    • (1997) Arthropod Relationships , pp. 87-96
    • Wheeler, W.C.1
  • 187
    • 0001688355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phylogeny of recent and fossil Crustacea derived from morphological characters
    • R.A. Fortey and R.H. Thomas (Eds.). Chapman and Hall, London
    • (1997) Arthropod Relationships , pp. 189-209
    • Wills, M.A.1
  • 188
    • 0032422860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crustacean disparity through the Phanerozoic: Comparing morphological and stratigraphic data
    • (1998) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.65 , pp. 455-500
    • Wills, M.A.1
  • 194
    • 0001185126 scopus 로고
    • Groundplans and exemplars: Paths to the tree of life
    • (1995) Cladistics , vol.11 , pp. 343-357
    • Yeates, D.K.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.