The role of the immune system in conjunctival wound healing after glaucoma surgery

Survey of Ophthalmology

Volumn 45, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 49-68

  Chang, L ^a,b   Crowston, J G ^a   Cordeiro, M Francesca ^a   Akbar, A N ^b   Khaw, P T ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b ROYAL FREE AND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

^c MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Anti metabolites; Conjunctival wound healing; Corticosteroids; Fibroblasts; Glaucoma surgery; Immune system; Macrophages; T lymphocytes

Indexed keywords

ANTIMETABOLITE; CORTICOSTEROID; CROMOGLYCATE DISODIUM; CYCLOSPORIN; CYTOKINE; FLUOROURACIL; GROWTH FACTOR; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; INTERFERON; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 4; INTERLEUKIN 6; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

CLINICAL TRIAL; CONJUNCTIVA; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; GLAUCOMA; GLAUCOMA DRAINAGE IMPLANT; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; IMMUNE SYSTEM; INFLAMMATORY CELL; LYMPHOCYTE; MACROPHAGE; NEUTROPHIL; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; WOUND HEALING;

EID: 0034661434     PISSN: 00396257     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0039-6257(00)00135-1     Document Type: Article

References (248)

1. Abdel-Khalek LM, Williamson J, Lee WR Morphological changes in the human conjunctival epithelium. I. In the normal elderly population. Br J Ophthalmol 62: 792-9, 1978
2. Addicks EM, Quigley HA, Green WR, Robin AL: Histologic characteristics of filtering blebs in glaucomatous eyes. Arch Ophthalmol 101: 795-8, 1983
3. Adelmann-Grill BC, Wach F, Cully Z, et al: Chemotactic migration of normal dermal fibroblasts towards epidermal growth factor and its modulation by platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta. Eur J Cell Biol 51: 322-6, 1990
4. Adolph VR, DiSanto SK, Bleacher JC, et al: The potential role of the lymphocyte in fetal wound healing. J Pediatr Surg 28: 1316-20, 1993
5. Adzick NS, Harrison MR, Click PL, et al: Comparison of fetal, newborn, and adult wound healing by histologic, enzyme-histochemical, and hydroxyproline determinations. J Pediatr Surg 20: 315-9, 1985
6. Ahuja SS, Shrivastav S, Danielpour D, et al: Regulation of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and its receptor by cyclosporine in human T lymphocytes. Transplantation 60: 718-23, 1995
7. Akbar AN, Borthwick N, Salmon M, et al: The significance of low bcl-2 expression by CD45RO T cells in normal individuals and patients with acute viral infections. The role of apoptosis in T cell memory. J Exp Med 178: 427-38, 1993
8. Akbar AN, Salmon M: Cellular environments and apoptosis: tissue microenvironments control activated T-cell death. Immunology Today 18: 72-6, 1997
9. Allansmith MR, Greiner JV, Baird RS: Number of inflammatory cells in the normal conjunctiva. Am J Ophthalmol 86: 250-9, 1978
10. Andersen SR, Jensen OA, Kristensen EB, Norn MS: Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid. 3. Biopsy. Acta Ophthalmol 52: 455-63, 1974
11. Anonymous: Five-year follow-up of the Fluorouracil Filtering Surgery Study. The Fluorouracil Filtering Surgery Study Group. Am J Ophthalmol 121: 349-66, 1996
12. Araujo SV, Spaeth GL, Roth SM, Starita RJ: A ten-year follow-up on a prospective, randomized trial of postoperative corticosteroids after trabeculectomy. Ophthalmology 102: 1753-9, 1995
13. Ashcroft GS, Herrick SE, Tarnuzzer RW et al: Human ageing impairs injury-induced in vivo expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and -2 proteins and mRNA. J Pathol 183: 169-76, 1997
14. Ashcroft GS, Horan MA, Ferguson MW: Aging is associated with reduced deposition of specific extracellular matrix components, an upregulation of angiogenesis, and an altered inflammatory response in a murine incisional wound healing model. J Invest Dermatol 108: 430-7, 1997
15. Ashcroft GS, Horan MA, Ferguson MW: Aging alters the inflammatory and endothelial cell adhesion molecule profiles during human cutaneous wound healing. Lab Invest 78: 47-58, 1998
16. Assoian RK, Fleurdelys BE, Stevenson HC, et al: Expression and secretion of type beta transforming growth factor by activated human macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 6020-4, 1987
17. Assoian RK, Komoriya A, Meyers CA, et al: Transforming growth factor-beta in human platelets. Identification of a major storage site, purification, and characterization. J Biol Chem 258: 7155-60, 1983
18. Bahn RS, Heufelder A: Pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy. N Engl J Med 329: 1468-75, 1993
19. Ball SF, Vinh T, Gebhardt BM: Biphasic effect of corticosteroids on protein and DNA synthesis by human subconjunctival fibroblasts in culture [abstract]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci (Suppl) 28: S378, 1987
20. Barbul A, Breslin RJ, Woodyard JP et al: The effect of in vivo T helper and T suppressor lymphocyte depletion on wound healing. Ann Surg 209: 479-83, 1989
21. Barbul A, Regan MC: Immune involvement in wound healing. Otolaryngol Clin N Am 28: 955-68, 1995
22. Barbul A, Rettura G, Levenson SM, Seifter E: Arginine: a thymotropic and wound-healing promoting agent. Surg Forum 28: 101-3, 1977
23. Barbul A, Shawe T, Frankel HL, et al: Inhibition of wound repair by thymic hormones. Surgery 106: 373-6, 1989
24. Barbul A, Shawe T, Rotter SM, et al: Wound healing in nude mice: a study on the regulatory role of lymphocytes in fibroplasia. Surgery 105: 764-9, 1989
25. Barbul A, Sisto D, Rettura G et al: Thymic inhibition of wound healing: abrogation by adult thymectomy. J Surg Res 32: 338-42, 1982
26. Baudouin C, Garcher C, Haouat N, et al: Expression of inflammatory membrane markers by conjunctival cells in chronically treated patients with glaucoma. Ophthalmology 101: 454-60, 1994
27. Baudouin C, Pisella PJ, Fillacier K, et al: Ocular surface inflammatory changes induced by topical antiglaucoma drugs: human and animal studies. Ophthalmology 106: 556-63, 1999
28. Baun O, Heegaard S, Kessing SV, Prause JU: The morphology of conjunctiva after long-term topical anti-glaucoma treatment. A quantitative analysis. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 73: 242-5, 1995
29. Beck LS, DeGuzman L, Lee WP, et al: One systemic administration of transforming growth factor-beta 1 reverses age-or glucocorticoid-impaired wound healing. J Clin Invest 92: 2841-9, 1993
30. Becker S, Warren MK, Haskill S: Colony-stimulating factor-induced monocyte survival and differentiation into mac-rophages in serum-free cultures. J Immunol 139: 3703-9, 1987
31. Becquet F, Goldschild M, Moldovan MS, et al: Histopathological effects of topical ophthalmic preservatives on rat corneoconjunctival surface. Curr Eye Res 17: 419-25, 1998
32. Beezhold DH, Personius C: Fibronectin fragments stimulate tumor necrosis factor secretion by human monocytes. J Leukocyte Biol 51: 59-64, 1992
33. Bennett NT, Schultz GS: Growth factors and wound healing: biochemical properties of growth factors and their receptors. Am J Surg 165: 728-37, 1993
34. Bergstrom TJ, Wilkinson WS, Skuta GL, et al: The effects of subconjunctival mitomycin-C on glaucoma filtration surgery in rabbits. Arch Ophthalmol 109: 1725-30, 1991
35. Berman B, Duncan MR: Short-term keloid treatment in vivo with human interferon alfa-2b results in a selective and persistent normalization of keloidal fibroblast collagen, glycosaminoglycan, and collagenase production in vitro. J Am Acad Dermatol 21: 694-702, 1989
36. Bernauer W, Broadway DC, Wright P: Chronic progressive conjunctival cicatrisation. Eye 7: 371-8, 1993
37. Bernauer W, Itin PH, Kirtschig G: Cicatricial pemphigoid. Devel Ophthalmol 28: 46-63, 1997
38. Bernauer W, Wright P, Dart JK et al: Cytokines in the conjunctiva of acute and chronic mucous membrane pemphigoid: an immunohistochemical analysis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 231: 563-70, 1993
39. Bernauer W, Wright P, Dart JK, et al: The conjunctiva in acute and chronic mucous membrane pemphigoid. An immunohistochemical analysis. The value of biopsies in the evaluation of chronic progressive conjunctival cicatrisation. Ophthalmology 100: 339-46, 1993
40. Bevilacqua MP, Pober JS, Wheeler ME, et al: Interleukin 1 acts on cultured human vascular endothelium to increase the adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, and related leukocyte cell lines. J Clin Invest 76: 2003-11, 1985
41. Blumenkranz MS, Claflin A, Hajek AS: Selection of therapeutic agents for intraocular proliferative disease. Cell culture evaluation. Arch Ophthalmol 102: 598-604, 1984
42. Brandt JD, Wittpenn JR, Katz LJ, et al: Conjunctival impression cytology in patients with glaucoma using long-term topical medication. Am J Ophthalmol 112: 297-301, 1991
43. Breslin RJ, Wasserkrug HL, Efron G, Barbul A: Suppressor cell generation during normal wound healing. J Surg Res 44: 321-5, 1988
44. Brignole F, De Saint-Jean M, Goldschild M, et al: Expression of Fas-Fas ligand antigens and apoptotic marker APO2.7 by the human conjunctival epithelium. Positive correlation with class II HLA DR expression in inflammatory ocular surface disorders. Exp Eye Res 67: 687-97, 1998
45. Broadway D: Drug-induced conjunctival cicatrisation. Develop Ophthalmol 28: 86-101, 1997
46. Broadway D, Grierson I, Hitchings R: Racial differences in the results of glaucoma filtration surgery: are racial differences in the conjunctival cell profile important? Br J Ophthalmol 78: 466-75, 1994
47. Broadway DC, Bates AK, Lightman SL, et al: The importance of cellular changes in the conjunctiva of patients with uveitic glaucoma undergoing trabeculectomy. Eye 7: 495-501, 1993
48. Broadway DC, Grierson I, O'Brien C, Hitchings RA: Adverse effects of topical antiglaucoma medication. I. The conjunctival cell profile. Arch Ophthalmol 112: 1437-45, 1994
49. Broadway DC, Grierson I, O'Brien C, Hitchings RA: Adverse effects of topical antiglaucoma medication. II. The outcome of filtration surgery. Arch Ophthalmol 112: 1446-54, 1994
50. Brunner T, Mogil RJ, LaFace D, et al: Cell-autonomous Fas (CD95)/Fas-ligand interaction mediates activation-induced apoptosis in T-cell hybridomas. Nature 373: 441-4, 1995
51. Bucala R, Spiegel LA, Chesney J, et al: Circulating fibrocytes define a new leukocyte subpopulation that mediates tissue repair. Molec Med 1: 71-81, 1994
52. Buchmuller-Rouiller Y, Mauel J: Macrophage activation for intracellular killing as induced by calcium ionophore. Correlation with biologic and biochemical events. J Immunol 146: 217-23, 1991
53. Burger D, Rezzonico R, Li JM et al: Imbalance between interstitial collagenase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 in synoviocytes and fibroblasts upon direct contact with stimulated T lymphocytes: involvement of membrane-associated cytokines. Arthritis Rheum 41: 1748-59, 1998
54. Cerwenka A, Kovar H, Majdic O, Holter W: Fas- and activation-induced apoptosis are reduced in human T cells pre-activated in the presence of TGF-beta l. J Immunol 156: 459-64, 1996
55. Chai JG, Bartok I, Chandler P, et al: Anergic T cells act as suppressor cells in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Immunol 29: 686-92, 1999
56. Chan CC, Nussenblatt RB, Ni M, et al: Immunohistochemical markers in the normal human epibulbar conjunctiva from fetus to adult. Arch Ophthalmol 106: 215-7, 1988
57. Charteris DG, Hiscott P, Grierson I, Lightman SL: Lymphocytes in epiretinal membranes. Ophthalmology 99: 1364-7, 1992
58. Charteris DG, Hiscott P, Grierson I, Lightman SL: Inflammatory cells in proliferative vitreoretinopathy subretinal membranes. Ophthalmology 100: 43-6, 1993
59. Chen CW, Huang HT, Bair JS, Lee CC: Trabeculectomy with simultaneous topical application of mitomycin-C in refractory glaucoma. J Ocul Pharmacol 6: 175-82, 1990
60. Chesney J, Metz C, Stavitsky AB, et al: Regulated production of type I collagen and inflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood fibrocytes. J Immunol 160: 419-25, 1998
61. CheungJC, Wright MM, Murali S, Pederson JE: Intermediate-term outcome of variable dose mitomycin C filtering surgery. Ophthalmology 104: 143-9, 1997
62. Chizzolini C, Rezzonico R, Ribbens C, et al: Inhibition of type I collagen production by dermal fibroblasts upon contact with activated T cells: different sensitivity to inhibition between systemic sclerosis and control fibroblasts. Arthritis Rheum 41: 2039-47, 1998
63. Connor TBJ, Roberts AB, Sporn MB, et al: Correlation of fibrosis and transforming growth factor-beta type 2 levels in the eye. J Clin Invest 83: 1661-6, 1989
64. Cordeiro MF, Gay JA, Khaw PT: Human anti-transforming growth factor-β2 antibody: a new glaucoma anti-scarring agent. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 40: 2225-34, 1999
65. Cordeiro MF, Reichel MB, Gay JA et al: Transforming growth factor-β1, -β2, and -β3 in vivo: effects on normal and mitomycin C-modulated conjunctival scarring. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 40: 1975-82, 1999
66. Cox DA: Transforming growth factor-beta 3. Cell Biol Int 19:357-71, 1995
67. Cromack DT, Porras-Reyes B, Purdy JA, et al: Acceleration of tissue repair by transforming growth factor beta 1: identification of in vivo mechanism of action with radiotherapy-induced specific healing deficits. Surgery 113: 36-42, 1993
68. Crowston JG, Akbar AN, Constable PH, et al: Antimetabolite-induced apoptosis in Tenon's capsule fibroblasts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 39: 449-54, 1998
69. Cunliffe I, McIntyre C, Rees R, Rennie I: The effect of topical beta-blocker medications on the proliferation and viability of human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts in tissue culture. German J Ophthalmol 4: 167-74, 1995
70. Cunliffe IA, Richardson PS, Rees RC, Rennie IG: Effect of TNF, IL-1, and IL-6 on the proliferation of human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts in tissue culture. Br J Ophthalmol 79: 590-5, 1995
71. Cupps TR, Fauci AS: Corticosteroid-mediated immunoregulation in man. Immunol Rev 65: 133-55, 1982
72. D'Orazio TJ, Niederkorn JY: A novel role for TGF-β and IL-10 in the induction of immune privilege. J Immunol 160: 2089-98, 1998
73. Dabrowski R, Drobnik J: The effect of disodium cromoglycate on the skin wound healing and collagen content in the wounds of rats. Acta Physiologica Polonica 41: 195-8, 1990
74. Damji KF, Rootman J, Palcic B, Thurston G: Pharmacological modulation of human subconjunctival fibroblast behaviour in vitro. Ophthalmic Surg 21: 31-43, 1990
75. Danon D, Kowatch MA, Roth GS: Promotion of wound repair in old mice by local injection of macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 2018-20, 1989
76. De-Quan L, Lee S-B, Tseng SCG: Differential expression and regulation of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, TGF-βRI, TGF-βRII, and TGF-βRIII in cultured human corneal, limbal and conjunctival fibroblasts. Curr Eye Res 19: 154-61, 1999
77. De Saint JM, Brignole F, Bringuier AF, et al: Effects of benzalkonium chloride on growth and survival of Chang conjunctival cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 40: 619-30, 1999
78. Denk PO, Knorr M: Effect of heparin on human corneal fibroblast proliferation in vitro with and without growth factor stimulation. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 237: 342-7, 1999
79. Deuel TF, Senior RM, Chang D, et al: Platelet factor 4 is chemotactic for neutrophils and monocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 4584-7, 1981
80. Dhein J, Walczak H, Baumler G, et al: Autocrine T-cell suicide mediated by APO-1/(Fas/CD95). Nature 373: 438-41, 1995
81. Diegelmann RF, Kim JC, Lindblad WJ, et al: Collection of leukocytes, fibroblasts, and collagen within an implantable reservoir tube during tissue repair. J Leukocyte Biol 42: 667-72, 1987
82. Duke-Elder S, Ashton N: Action of cortisone on tissue reactions of inflammation and repair with speical reference to the eye. Br J Ophthalmol 35: 695-707, 1951
83. Duncan MR, Berman B: Gamma interferon is the lymphokine and beta interferon the monokine responsible for inhibition of fibroblast collagen production and late but not early fibroblast proliferation. J Exp Med 162: 516-27, 1985
84. Duncan MR, Berman B: Differential regulation of collagen, glycosaminoglycan, fibronectin, and collagenase activity production in cultured human adult dermal fibroblasts by interleukin 1-alpha and beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and beta. J Invest Dermatol 92: 699-706, 1989
85. Dvonch VM, Murphey RJ, Matsuoka J, Grotendorst GR: Changes in growth factor levels in human wound fluid. Surgery 112: 18-23, 1992
86. Ehrlich HP, Hunt TK: Effects of cortisone and vitamin A on wound healing. Ann Surg 167: 324-8, 1968
87. Eisinger DR, Shell AG: A comparison of the effects of cyclosporin A and standard agents on primary wound healing in the rat. Surg Gynecol Obstetr 160: 135-8, 1999
88. Elder MJ: The role of cytokines in chronic progressive conjunctival cicatrisation. Develop Ophthalmol 28: 159-75, 1997
89. Elder MJ, Bernauer W, Leonard J, Dart JK: Progression of disease in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. Br J Ophthalmol 80: 292-6, 1996
90. Elder MJ, Dart JK, Lightman S: Conjunctival fibrosis in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid - the role of cytokines. Exp Eye Res 65: 165-76, 1997
91. Elias JA, Freundlich B, Kern JA, Rosenbloom J: Cytokine networks in the regulation of inflammation and fibrosis in the lung. Chest 97: 1439-45, 1990
92. Ellis DG, Cheng Q, Lee DA: The effects of growth factors on Tenon's capsule fibroblasts in serum-free culture. Curr Eye Res 15: 27-35, 1996
93. Esser P, Heimann K, Wiedemann P: Macrophages in proliferative vitreoretinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy: differentiation of subpopulations. Br J Ophthalmol 77: 731-3, 1993
94. Fahey TJ, Sherry B, Tracey KJ, et al: Cytokine production in a model of wound healing: the appearance of MIP-1, MIP-2, cachectin/TNF and IL-1. Cytokine 2: 92-9, 1990
95. Fauci AS: Mechanisms of corticosteroid action on lymphocyte subpopulations. I. Redistribution of circulating T and B lymphocytes to the bone marrow. Immunology 28: 669-80, 1975
96. Fauci AS, Dale DC, Balow JE: Glucocorticosteroid therapy: mechanisms of action and clinical considerations. Ann Intern Med 84: 304-15, 1976
97. Ferguson TA, Griffith TS: A vision of cell death: insights into immune privilege. Immunol Rev 156: 167-84, 1997
98. Filipec M, Phan TM, Zhoa T-Z, et al: Topical cyclosporine A and corneal wound healing. Cornea 11: 546-52, 1992
99. Fishel R, Barbul A, Wasserkrug HL et al: Cyclosporine A impairs wound healing in rats. J Surg Res 34: 572-5, 1983
100. Fishel RS, Barbul A, Beschorner WE, et al: Lymphocyte participation in wound healing. Morphologic assessment using monoclonal antibodies. Ann Surg 206: 25-9, 1987
101. Ford HR, Hoffman RA, Wing EJ et al: Characterization of wound cytokines in the sponge matrix model. Arch Surg 124: 1422-8, 1989
102. Forsberg E, Pejler G, Ringvall M, et al: Abnormal mast cells in mice deficient in a heparin-synthesizing enzyme. Nature 400: 773-6, 1999
103. Foster CS: Cicatricial pemphigoid. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 84: 527-663, 1986
104. Foxwell BM, Simon J, Herrero JJ et al: Anti-CD3 antibody-induced expression of both p55 and p75 chains of the high affinity interleukin-2 receptor on human T lymphocytes is inhibited by cyclosporin A. Immunology 69: 104-9, 1990
105. Frank MM, Fries LF: The role of complement in inflammation and phagocytosis. Immunol Today 12: 322-6, 1991
106. Frasca L, Carmichael P, Lechler R, Lombardi G: Anergic T cells effect linked suppression. Eur J Immunol 27: 3191-7, 1997
107. Fukasawa M, Bryant SM, Nakamura RM, diZerega GS: Modulation of fibroblast proliferation by postsurgical macrophages. J Surg Res 43: 513-20, 1987
108. Gamble JR, Harlan JM, Klebanoff SJ, Vadas MA: Stimulation of the adherence of neutrophils to umbilical vein endothelium by human recombinant tumor necrosis factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 8667-71, 1985
109. Genestier L, Kasibhatla S, Brunner T, Green DR: Transforming growth factor betal inhibits Fas ligand expression and subsequent activation-induced cell death in T cells via downregulation of c-Myc. J Exp Med 189: 231-9, 1999
110. Giangiacomo J, Dueker DK, Adelstein E: The effect of preoperative subconjunctival triamcinolone administration on glaucoma filtration. I. Trabeculectomy following subconjunctival triamcinolone. Arch Ophthalmol 104: 838-41, 1986
111. Giangiacomo J, Dueker DK, Adelstein EH: Histopathology of triamcinolone in the subconjunctiva. Ophthalmology 94: 149-53, 1987
112. Gillery P, Coustry F, Pujol JP, Borel JP: Inhibition of collagen synthesis by interleukin-1 in three-dimensional collagen lattice cultures of fibroblasts. Experientia 45: 98-101, 1989
113. Gillies M, Su T, Sarossy M, Hollows F: Interferon-alpha 2b inhibits proliferation of human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 231: 119-21, 1993
114. Gillies MC, Brooks AM, Young S, et al: A randomized phase II trial of interferon-alpha2b versus 5-fluorouracil after trabeculectomy. Aust NZJ Ophthalmol 27: 37-44, 1999
115. Gillies MC, Goldberg I, Young SH, Su T: Glaucoma filtering surgery with interferon-α-2b. J Glaucoma 2: 229-35, 1993
116. Gombert W, Borthwick NJ, Wallace DL, et al: Fibroblasts prevent apoptosis of IL-2-deprived T cells without inducing proliferation: a selective effect on Bel-XL expression. Immunology 89: 397-404, 1996
117. Goss AN: Intra-uterine healing of fetal rat oral mucosal, skin and cartilage wounds. J Oral Pathol 6: 35-43, 1977
118. Gwynn DR, Stewart WC, Hennis HL, et al: The influence of age upon inflammatory cell counts and structure of conjunctiva in chronic open-angle glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmologica 71: 691-5, 1993
119. Gwynn DR, Stewart WC, Pitts RA, et al: Conjunctival structure and cell counts and the results of filtering surgery. Am J Ophthalmol 116: 464-8, 1993
120. Heufelder A, Bahn R: Modulation of Graves' orbital fibroblast proliferation by cytokines and glucocorticoid receptor agonists. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 35: 120-7, 1994
121. Hingorani M, Calder VL, Buckley RJ, Lightman S: The immunomodulatory effect of topical cyclosporin in atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 40: 392-9, 1999
122. Hitchings RA, Grierson I: Clinicopathological correlation in eyes with failed fistulizing surgery. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 103: 84-8, 1983
123. Holland EJ, Olsen TW, Ketcham JM, et al: Topical cyclosporin A in the treatment of anterior segment inflammatory disease. Cornea 12: 413-9, 1993
124. Hopkinson-Woolley J, Hughes D, Gordon S, Martin P: Macrophage recruitment during limb development and wound healing in the embryonic and fetal mouse. J Cell Sci 107: 1159-67, 1994
125. Hubner G, Brauchte M, Smola H, et al: Differential regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines during wound healing in normal and glucocorticoid-treated mice. Cytokine 8: 548-56, 1996
126. Humphries DE, Wong GW, Friend DS, et al: Heparin is essential for the storage of specific granule proteases in mast cells. Nature 400: 769-72, 1999
127. Hunt TK, Knighton DR, Thakral KK, et al: Studies on inflammation and wound healing: angiogenesis and collagen synthesis stimulated in vivo by resident and activated wound macrophages. Surgery 96: 48-54, 1984
128. Hyde H, Borthwick NJ, Janossy G, et al: Upregulation of intracellular glutathione by fibroblast-derived factor(s): enhanced survival of activated T cells in the presence of low Bcl-2. Blood 89: 2453-60, 1997
129. Issekutz TB, Issekutz AC, Movat HZ: The in vivo quantitation and kinetics of monocyte migration into acute inflammatory tissue. Am J Pathol 103: 47-55, 1981
130. JayJL, Allan D: The benefit of early trabeculectomy versus conventional management in primary open angle glaucoma relative to severity of disease. Eye 3: 528-35, 1989
131. Jimenez SA, Freundlich B, Rosenbloom J: Selective inhibition of human diploid fibroblast collagen synthesis by interferons. J Clin Invest 74: 1112-6, 1984
132. Kahan A, Amor B, Menkes CJ, Strauch G: Recombinant interferon-gamma in the treatment of systemic sclerosis. Am J Med 87: 273-7, 1989
133. Kampik A, Kenyon KR, Michels RG, et al: Epiretinal and vitreous membranes. Arch Ophthalmol 99: 1445-54, 1981
134. Kaplan AP: Hageman factor-dependent pathways: mechanism of initiation and bradykinin formation. Federation Proc 42: 3123-7, 1983
135. Kaushansky K, Lin N, Adamson JW: Interleukin 1 stimulates fibroblasts to synthesize granulocyte-macrophage and granulocyte colony-stimulating factors. Mechanism for the hematopoietic response to inflammation. J Clin Invest 81: 92-7, 1988
136. Kehrl JH, Wakefield LM, Roberts AB, et al: Production of transforming growth factor beta by human T lymphocytes and its potential role in the regulation of T cell growth. J Exp Med 163: 1037-50, 1986
137. Khalil N, Bereznay O, Sporn M, Greenberg AH: Macrophage production of transforming growth factor beta and fibroblast collagen synthesis in chronic pulmonary inflammation. J Exp Med 170: 727-37, 1989
138. Khaw PT, Occleston NL, Larkin G, et al: The effects of growth factors on human ocular fibroblast proliferation, migration and collagen production [abstract]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 35 (Suppl):1898, 1994
139. Khaw PT, Sherwood MB, MacKay SL, et al: Five-minute treatments with fluorouracil, floxuridine, and mitomycin have long-term effects on human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts. Arch Ophthalmol 110: 1150-4, 1992
140. Khaw PT, Ward S, Porter A, et al: The long-term effects of 5-fluorouracil and sodium butyrate on human Tenon's fibroblasts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 33: 2043-52, 1992
141. Kischer CW, Bunce H 3rd, Shetlah MR: Mast cell analyses in hypertrophic scars, hypertrophic scars treated with pressure and mature scars. J Invest Dermatol 70: 355-7, 1978
142. Knighton DR, Ciresi K, Fiegel VD, et al: Stimulation of repair in chronic, nonhealing, cutaneous ulcers using platelet-derived wound healing formula. Surg Gynecol Obstetr 170: 56-60, 1990
143. Kossendrup D, Wiederholt M, Hoffman F: Influence of cyclosporin A, dexamethasone, and benzalkonium chloride (BAK) on corneal epithelial wound healing in the rabbit and guinea pig eye. Cornea 4: 177-81, 1985
144. Kronke M, Leonard WJ, Depper JM, et al: Cyclosporin A inhibits T-cell growth factor gene expression at the level of mRNA transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 5214-18, 1984
145. Krummel TM, Michna BA, Thomas BL, et al: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) induces fibrosis in a fetal wound model. J Pediatric Surg 23: 647-52, 1988
146. Kupietzky A, Levi-Schaffer F: The role of mast cell-derived histamine in the closure of an in vitro wound. Inflammation Res 45: 176-80, 1996
147. Laato M, Heino J: Interleukin 1 modulates collagen accumulation by rat granulation tissue cells both in vivo and in vitro. Experientia 44: 32-4, 1988
148. Latina MA, Belmonte SJ, Park C, Crean E: Gamma-interferon effects on human fibroblasts from Tenon's capsule. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 32: 2806-15, 1991
149. Lawrence WT, Norton JA, Sporn MB, et al: The reversal of an Adriamycin induced healing impairment with chemoattractants and growth factors. Ann Surg 203: 142-7, 1986
150. Leibovich SJ, Polverini PJ, Shepard HM, et al: Macrophage-induced angiogenesis is mediated by tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Nature 329: 630-2, 1987
151. Leibovich SJ, Ross R: The role of the macrophage in wound repair. A study with hydrocortisone and antimacrophage serum. Am J Pathol 78: 71-100, 1975
152. Leibovich SJ, Ross R: A macrophage-dependent factor that stimulates the proliferation of fibroblasts in vitro. Am J Pathol 84: 501-14, 1976
153. Leonardi A, Radice M, Fregona IA, et al: Histamine effects on conjunctival fibroblasts from patients with vernal conjunctivitis. Exp Eye Res 68: 739-46, 1999
154. Levi-Schaffer F, Kupietzky A: Mast cells enhance migration and proliferation of fibroblasts into an in vitro wound. Exp Cell Res 188: 42-9, 1990
155. Levine JH, Moses HL, Gold LI, Nanney LB: Spatial and temporal patterns of immunoreactive transforming growth factor beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3 during excisional wound repair. Am J Pathol 143: 368-80, 1993
156. Limb GA, Franks WA, Munasinghe KR, et al: Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: an examination of the involvement of lymphocytes, adhesion molecules and HLA-DR antigens. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 231: 331-6, 1993
157. Limb GA, Little BC, Meager A, et al: Cytokines in proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Eye 5: 686-93, 1991
158. Malawista SE, Montgomery RR, van BG: Evidence for reactive nitrogen intermediates in killing of staphylococci by human neutrophil cytoplasts. A new microbicidal pathway for polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Clin Invest 90: 631-6, 1992
159. Marrack P, Kappler J, Mitchell T: Type I Interferons Keep Activated T cells Alive. J Exp Med 189: 521-9, 1999
160. Martin CW, Muir IF: The role of lymphocytes in wound healing. Br J Plastic Surg 43: 655-62, 1990
161. Martin P: Wound healing-aiming for perfect skin regeneration. Science 276: 75-81, 1997
162. McMillan TA, Stewart WC, Hennis HL, et al: Histologic differences in the conjunctiva of black and white glaucoma patients. Ophthalmic Surg 23: 762-5, 1992
163. Migdal C, Hitchings R: The developing bleb: effect of topical antiprostaglandins on the outcome of glaucoma fistulising surgery. Br J Ophthalmol 67: 655-60, 1983
164. Migdal C, Hitchings R: Control of chronic simple glaucoma with primary medical, surgical and laser treatment. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 105: 653-6, 1986
165. Miller MH, Grierson I, Unger WG, Hitchings RA: The effect of topical dexamethasone and preoperative beta irradiation on a model of glaucoma fistulizing surgery in the rabbit. Ophthalmic Surg 21: 44-54, 1990
166. Miller MH, Grierson I, Unger WI, Hitchings RA: Wound healing in an animal model of glaucoma fistulizing surgery in the rabbit. Ophthalmic Surg 20: 350-7, 1989
167. Molteno AC, Straughan JL, Ancker E: Control of bleb fibrosis after glaucoma surgery by anti-inflammatory agents. S African Med J 50: 881-5, 1976
168. Mustoe TA, Pierce GF, Thomason A, et al: Accelerated healing of incisional wounds in rats induced by transforming growth factor-beta. Science 237: 1333-6, 1987
169. Mustoe TA, PurdyJ, Gramates P, et al: Reversal of impaired wound healing in irradiated rats by platelet-derived growth factor-BB. Am J Surg 158: 345-50, 1989
170. Nguyen KD, Hoang AT, Lee DA: Transcriptional control of human Tenon's capsule fibroblast collagen synthesis in vitro by gamma-interferon. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 35: 3064-70, 1994
171. Nielson EG, Phillips SM, Jimenez S: Lymphokine modulation of fibroblast proliferation. J Immunol 128: 1484-6, 1982
172. Nishida T, Tanaka H, Nakagawa S, et al: Fibronectin synthesis by the rabbit cornea: effects of mouse epidermal growth factor and cyclic AMP analogs. Jpn J Ophthalmol 28: 196-202, 1984
173. Nuzzi R, Cerruti A, Finazzo C: Cyclosporine C: a study of wound-healing modulation after trabeculectomy in rabbit. Acta Ophthalmol Scand Suppl:48-9, 1998
174. Nuzzi R, Vercelli A, Finazzo C, Cracco C: Conjunctiva and subconjunctival tissue in primary open-angle glaucoma after long-term topical treatment: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 233: 154-62, 1995
175. O'Brien TP, Li Q, Ashraq F, et al: Inflammatory Response in the Early Stages of Wound Healing after Excimer Laser Keratectomy. Arch Ophthalmol 116: 1470-4, 1998
176. Occleston NL, Alexander RA, Mazure A, et al: Effects of single exposures to antiproliferative agents on ocular fibroblast-mediated collagen contraction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 35: 3681-90, 1994
177. Occleston NL, Daniels JT, Tarnuzzer RW, et al: Single exposures to antiproliferatives: long-term effects on ocular fibroblast wound-healing behaviour. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 38: 1998-2007, 1997
178. Olutoye OO, Yager DR, Cohen IK, Diegelmann RF: Lower cytokine release by fetal porcine platelets: a possible explanation for reduced inflammation after fetal wounding. J Pediatric Surg 31: 91-5, 1996
179. Oster W, Lindemann A, Horn S, et al: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha but not TNF-beta induces secretion of colony stimulating factor for macrophages (CSF-1) by human monocytes. Blood 70: 1700-3, 1987
180. Pasquale LR, Dorman-Pease ME, Lutty GA, et al: Immunolocalization of TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, and TGF-beta 3 in the anterior segment of the human eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 34: 23-30, 1993
181. Pasquale LR, Thibault D, Dorman-Pease ME, et al: Effect of topical mitomycin C on glaucoma filtration surgery in monkeys. Ophthalmology 99: 14-8, 1992
182. Patten JT, Cavanagh HD, Allansmith MR: Induced ocular pseudopemphigoid. Am J Ophthalmol 82: 272-6, 1976
183. Peterson JM, Barbul A, Breslin RJ, et al: Significance of T-lymphocytes in wound healing. Surgery 102: 300-5, 1987
184. Petri JB, Schurk S, Gebauer S, Haustein UF: Cyclosporine A delays wound healing and apoptosis and suppresses activin beta-A expression in rats. Eur J Dermatol 8: 104-13, 1998
185. Pierce GF, Brown D, Mustoe TA: Quantitative analysis of inflammatory cell influx, procollagen type I synthesis, and collagen cross-linking in incisional wounds: influence of PDGF-BB and TGF-beta 1 therapy. J Lab Clin Med 117: 373-82, 1991
186. Pierce GF, Mustoe TA, Lingelbach J et al: Transforming growth factor beta reverses the glucocorticoid-induced wound-healing deficit in rats: possible regulation in macrophages by platelet-derived growth factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 2229-33, 1989
187. Pierce GF, Mustoe TA, Lingelbach J, et al: Platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta enhance tissue repair activities by unique mechanisms. J Cell Biol 109: 429-40, 1989
188. Pierce GF, Mustoe TA, Senior RM et al: In vivo incisional wound healing augmented by platelet-derived growth factor and recombinant c-sis gene homodimeric proteins. J Exp Med 167: 974-87, 1988
189. Pierce GF, Tarpley JE, Yanagihara D et al: Platelet-derived growth factor (BB homodimer), transforming growth factor-beta 1, and basic fibroblast growth factor in dermal wound healing. Neovessel and matrix formation and cessation of repair. Am J Pathol 140: 1375-88, 1992
190. Pierce GF, Vande BJ, Rudolph R, et al: Platelet-derived growth factor-BB and transforming growth factor beta 1 selectively modulate glycosaminoglycans, collagen, and myofibroblasts in excisional wounds. Am J Pathol 138: 629-46, 1991
191. Pilling D, Akbar AN, Girdlestone J, et al: Interferon-beta mediates stromal cell rescue of T cells from apoptosis. Eur J Immunol 29: 1041-50, 1999
192. Plemons JM, Dill RE, Rees TD, et al: PDGF-B producing cells and PDGF-B gene expression in normal gingival and cyclopsorin-induced overgrowth. J Periodontol 67: 264-70, 1996
193. Postlethwaite AE, Holness MA, Katai H, Raghow R: Human fibroblasts synthesize elevated levels of extracellular matrix proteins in response to interleukin 4. J Clin Invest 90: 1479-85, 1992
194. Postlethwaite AE, Keski-Oja J, Moses HL, Rang AH: Stimulation of the chemotactic migration of human fibroblasts by transforming growth factor beta. J Exp Med 165: 251-6, 1987
195. Postlethwaite AE, Seyer JM: Fibroblast chemotaxis induction by human recombinant interleukin-4. Identification by synthetic peptide analysis of two chemotactic domains residing in amino acid sequences 70-88 and 89-122. J Clin Invest 87: 2147-52, 1991
196. Postlethwaite AE, Smith GN, Mainardi CL, et al: Lymphocyte modulation of fibroblast function in vitro: stimulation and inhibition of collagen production by different effector molecules. J Immunol 132: 2470-7, 1984
197. Pouliquen Y, Patey A, Foster CS, et al: Drug-induced cicatricial pemphigoid affecting the conjunctiva. Light and electron microscopic features. Ophthalmology 93: 775-83, 1986
198. Quaglino DJ, Nanney LB, Ditesheim JA, Davidson JM: Transforming growth factor-beta stimulates wound healing and modulates extracellular matrix gene expression in pig skin: incisional wound model. J Invest Dermatol 97: 34-42, 1991
199. Reichel MB, Cordeiro MF, Alexander RA et al: New model of conjunctival scarring in the mouse eye. Br J Ophthalmol 82: 1072-7, 1998
200. Rice BA, Foster CS: Immunopathology of cicatricial pemphigoid affecting the conjunctiva. Ophthalmology 97: 1476-83, 1990
201. Roberts AB, Sporn MB, Assoian RK, et al: Transforming growth factor type beta: rapid induction of fibrosis and angiogenesis in vivo and stimulation of collagen formation in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 4167-71, 1986
202. Robinson DI, Lertsumitkul S, Billson FA, Robinson LP: Long-term intraocular pressure control by trabeculectomy: a ten-year life table. Aust NZJ Ophthalmol 21: 79-85, 1993
203. Rosenbloom J, Feldman G, Freundlich B, Jimenez SA: Inhibition of excessive scleroderma fibroblast collagen production by recombinant gamma-interferon. Association with a coordinate decrease in types I and III procollagen messenger RNA levels. Arthritis Rheum 29: 851-6, 1986
204. Rossi P, Karsenty G, Roberts AB et al: A nuclear factor 1 binding site mediates the transcriptional activation of a type I collagen promoter by transforming growth factorbeta. Cell 52: 405-14, 1988
205. Roth SM, Spaeth GL, Starita RJ, et al: The effects of postoperative corticosteroids on trabeculectomy and the clinical course of glaucoma: five-year follow-up study. Ophthalmic Surg 22: 724-9, 1991
206. Roumm AD, Whiteside TL, Medsger TAJ, Rodnan GP: Lymphocytes in the skin of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. Quantification, subtyping, and clinical correlations. Arthritis Rheum 27: 645-53, 1984
207. Sacks EH, Jakobiec FA, Wieczorek R, et al: Immunophenotypic analysis of the inflammatory infiltrate in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. Further evidence for a T cell-mediated disease. Ophthalmology 96: 236-43, 1989
208. Sacks EH, Wieczorek R, Jakobiec FA, Knowles DM: Lymphocytic subpopulations in the normal human conjunctiva. A monoclonal antibody study. Ophthalmology 93: 1276-83, 1986
209. Salmon M, Scheel-Toellner D, Huissoon AP et al: Inhibition of T cell apoptosis in the rheumatoid synovium. J Clin Invest 99: 439-46, 1997
210. Schmidt J, Fleissner S, Heimann-Weitschat I, et al: Effect of corticosteroids, cyclosporin A, and methotrexate on cytokine release from monocytes and T-cell subsets. Immunopharmacology 27: 173-9, 1994
211. Schultz G, Khaw PT, Oxford K et al: Growth factors and ocular wound healing. Eye 8: 184-7, 1994
212. Schwab IR, Linberg JV, Gioia VM, et al: Foreshortening of the inferior conjunctival fornix associated with chronic glaucoma medications. Ophthalmology 99: 197-202, 1992
213. Scudeletti M, Pende D, Barabino A, et al: Effect of single oral doses of prednisone and deflazacort on human lymphocyte distribution and functions. Analysis with monoclonal antibodies. Adv Exp Med Biol 171: 335-44, 1984
214. Secchi AG, Tognon MS, Leonardi A: Topical use of cyclosporine in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Am J Ophthalmol 110: 641-645, 1990
215. Seetner A, Morin JD: Healing of trabeculectomies in rabbits. Can J Ophthalmol 14: 121-5, 1979
216. Selman M, Gonzalez G, Bravo M, et al: Effect of lung T lymphocytes on fibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Thorax 45: 451-5, 1990
217. Serini G, Gabbiani G: Modulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in fibroblasts by TGF-beta. Wound Repair Regeneration 4: 278, 1996
218. Shah M, Foreman DM, Ferguson MW: Control of scarring in adult wounds by neutralising antibody to transforming growth factor beta. Lancet 339: 213-4, 1992
219. Shah M, Foreman DM, Ferguson MW: Neutralising antibody to TGF-beta 1,2 reduces cutaneous scarring in adult rodents. J Cell Sci 107: 1137-57, 1994
220. Shah M, Foreman DM, Ferguson MW: Neutralisation of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 or exogenous addition of TGF-beta 3 to cutaneous rat wounds reduces scarring. J Cell Sci 108:985-1002, 1995
221. Shahar I, Fireman E, Topilsky M et al: Effect of IL-6 on alveolar fibroblast proliferation in interstitial lung diseases. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 79: 244-51, 1996
222. Sherwood MB, Grierson I, Millar L, Hitchings RA: Long-term morphologic effects of antiglaucoma drugs on the conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule in glaucomatous patients. Ophthalmology 96: 327-35, 1989
223. Shields MB, Scroggs MW, Sloop CM, Simmons RB: Clinical and histopathologic observations concerning hypotony after trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C. Am J Ophthalmol 116: 673-83, 1993
224. Shipley GD, Keeble WW, Hendrickson JE, et al: Growth of normal human keratinocytes and fibroblasts in serum-free medium is stimulated by acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor. J Cell Physiol 138: 511-8, 1989
225. Simpson DM, Ross R: The neutrophilic leukocyte in wound repair a study with antineutrophil serum. J Clin Invest 51: 2009-23, 1972
226. Skuta GL, Beeson CC, Higginbotham EJ, et al: Intraoperative mitomycin versus postoperative 5-fluorouracil in high-risk glaucoma filtering surgery. Ophthalmology 99: 438-44, 1992
227. Smith DL, Skuta GL, Kincaid MC, et al: The effects of glaucoma medications on Tenon's capsule and conjunctiva in the rabbit. Ophthalmic Surg 22: 336-40, 1991
228. Springer TA: Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration: the multistep paradigm. Cell 76: 301-14, 1994
229. Sprugel KH, McPherson JM, Clowes AW, Ross R: Effects of growth factors in vivo. I. Cell ingrowth into porous subcutaneous chambers. Am J Pathol 129: 601-13, 1987
230. Starita RJ, Fellman RL, Spaeth GL, et al: Short- and long-term effects of postoperative corticosteroids on trabeculectomy. Ophthalmology 92: 938-46, 1985
231. Sugar HS: Clinical effect of corticosteroids on conjunctival filtering blebs; a case report. Am J Ophthalmol 59: 854-60, 1965
232. Thornton SC, Por SB, Walsh BJ, et al: Interaction of immune and connective tissue cells: I. The effect of lymphokines and monokines on fibroblast growth. J Leukocyte Biol 47: 312-20, 1990
233. Tonnesen MG, Smedly LA, Henson PM: Neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions. Modulation of neutrophil adhesiveness induced by complement fragments C5a and C5a des arg and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in vitro. J Clin Invest 74: 1581-92, 1984
234. Tripathi RC, Li J, Chan WF, Tripathi BJ: Aqueous humor in glaucomatous eyes contains an increased level of TGF-beta 2. Exp Eye Res 59: 723-7, 1994
235. Van Story-Lewis PE, Tenenbaum HC: Glucocorticoid inhibition of fibroblast contraction of collagen gels. Biochem Pharmacol 35: 1283-6, 1986
236. Vilcek J, Palombella VJ, Henriksen-DeStefano D, et al: Fibroblast growth enhancing activity of tumor necrosis factor and its relationship to other polypeptide growth factors. J Exp Med 163: 632-43, 1986
237. Wahl SM, Gately CL: Modulation of fibroblast growth by a lymphokine of human T cell continuous T cell line origin. J Immunol 130: 1226-30, 1983
238. Wahl SM, Hunt DA, Wakefield LM et al: Transforming growth factor type beta induces monocyte chemotaxis and growth factor production. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 5788-92, 1987
239. Wahl SM, Wahl LM, McCarthy JB: Lymphocyte-mediated activation of fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. J Immunol 121: 942-6, 1978
240. Wang JM, Griffin JD, Rambaldi A, et al: Induction of monocyte migration by recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Immunol 141: 575-9, 1988
241. Wedmore CV, Williams TJ: PAF, a scretory product of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, increases vascular permeability in rabbit skin. Br J Pharmacol 74: 916-7, 1981
242. Weinreb RN: Adjusting the dose of 5-fluorouracil after filtration surgery to minimize side effects. Ophthalmology 94: 564-70, 1987
243. Westergren-Thorsson G, Antonsson P, Malmstrom A, et al: The synthesis of a family of structurally related proteoglycans in fibroblasts is differently regulated by TFG-beta. Matrix 11: 177-83, 1991
244. Williams DE, Nguyen KD, Shapourifar-Tehrani S, et al: Effects of timolol, betaxolol, and levobunolol on human tenon's fibroblasts in tissue culture. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 33: 2233-41, 1992
245. Wing EJ, Ampel NM, Waheed A, Shadduck RK: Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) enhances the capacity of murine macrophages to secrete oxygen reduction products. J Immunol 135: 2052-6, 1985
246. Wiseman DM, Polverini PJ, Kamp DW, Leibovich SJ: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) is chemotactic for human monocytes and induces their expression of angio-genic activity. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 157: 793-800, 1988
247. Witte MB, Barbul A: General principles of wound healing. Surg Clin N Am 77: 509-28, 1997
248. Woods AC: Clinical and experimental observation on the use of ACTH and cortisone in ocular inflammatory disease. Am J Ophthalmol 33: 1325-49, 1950